The Conquest of the River Plate (1535-1555)

INDEX,

Reading edition

Abacoten, Indian chief, 132

Abangobi, Indian chief, 111

Abipones, Indian tribe, xxxvi, 16

Abrego, Diego de, quarrels with Francisco de Mendoza, 78 seq.; his name also written Abreu and Abriego, 79; his cousins marry Irala’s daughters, 79 seq.

Aburuñes, 266

Achkere. See Aracaré

Achkeres, why so called, 42; no tribe of that name, ib.

Acosta, Diego de, 240

——, Gonzalo de, 122

——, author of “History of the Indies” referred to, 66

Acuña, Hector de, 207

Adelantado, the title, xv, 35, 96

Agazes, Indian tribe (Aygais), xxxvi, 16, 18; their war with the Spaniards, 18 seq.; their place, 19, 22, 23, 54, 131; their treatment of captives, ib.; their wars, 131 seq.; peace with, 132 seq.; peace broken by, 150 seq.; 153; judgment passed on, 158, 238; expedition to punish, 239

Alabos, Indian chief, 132

Alcalde Mayor, 158

Algarroba, the seed of the carob-tree, 18

All Saints’ Eve, 33, 165

Almenza, Martin de, 136, 137, 159

Almirante (Almiranda), a Spanish title, 89

Alvar Nunez. See Cabeza de Vaca

Amazon, xxxiii

Amazons, xxxix, riches of, 45; reports concerning, 45 seq.; island inhabited by, 46, note, ib.; their king’s name, ib.; 48

America, partition of, xxi; trade with, xxiv; general language of, xxxiii

Amida. See Sheep

Amne. See Sheep

Anchieta, the missionary, xxxiii

Andalusia, 5

Andes, Cordillera of, xxxiii, xxxvi

Andrada, Francisco d’, 159, 251

Angelis, Don Pedro de, editor of Schmidt’s voyage referred to, xxiii

Anghiera, Pedro Martyr de, xxv

Angra, justice of, 261

Añiriri, Indian chief, 107

Anta, or Tapir. See Sheep

Antilles, sea of the, xxxiii

Antorff. See Antwerp

Ants, red and black, 200; antidote against stings of, ib.

Antwerp, xv, xxiv, 1, 81, 88, 91

Anzures, Pero, Gobernacion of, 65; sent to conquer Chunchos, 73, note

Aracaré (Achkere), Indian chief, 37, 160; his treachery, 161 seq., 163; executed by Spaniards, 164

Argentina, pampas of, xxxiii

Argentina, poem, 10

Arianicosies, Indian tribe, 223, 224, 226, 233

Armenta, Bernardo de, a Franciscan friar, 100, 105, 116, 136, 159, 175; leaves the country, 250

Armeven (Armuia), 91

Aroaz, Juan de, notary, 108

Arquebusiers, 107, 177

Arroba, a Spanish weight, 195

Arrows made of cane, 11

Artaneses, Indian tribe, 212

Arthus, Prof. Gotard, xxii

Arumaya river, 73

Ascension. See Asuncion

Asher, J., his essay on “Hulsius’s Voyages” referred to, xxx

Assumption, Feast of the, 22

Asuelles. See Anzures

Asuncion (Desumsion), city of, xxii; founded, 22, note; 24, 27, 28, 35; distance from Santa Catalina, 36; 38, 39, 51, 57, 59, 61; latitude of, 74; besieged, 79; 81, 86; always Ascension in the Commentaries, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 115, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 149, 156, 157, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166; fire at, ib.; rebuilt, 167; 173, 177, 179, 180, 181; return of expedition to, 237 seq., 239, 260, 263

Atabare, or Tabaré, Indian chief, his hostility to the Spaniards, 170 seq., 180; offers to accompany the expedition, 181

Ave Maria, 142

Aygais. See Agazes

Ayolas (Eyollas), Juan de, xxvi, xxvii, 6; placed in command, 12; 13, 14; sails up Paraná, ib.; takes Lambaré, 21, 22; 23, 24, 26; death of, 27, 62; sick Spaniards left by, 70, 102, 103, 109, 123, 124, 182, 185, 186, 187

Azara, Don Felix de, his opinion of Schmidt’s voyage, xxxv, 4

Bachacheis. See Mbaiás

Bachereos. See Xarayos

Bachkeku or wacheku. See Bananas

Bagenberg, 25

Bananas, 63

Barba, Don Diego de, 146

Barbacoas or parrillas for roasting meat, 154

Barchkonis, 66, 68

Barcia, de, his translation referred to, xxiii, 6, 35, 37, 65

Barco Centenera, the pseudo-poet, 10

Bareia, 81

Barter trade, 15

Batates. See Guatatas

Bats, vampire, 199 seq.

Beni, River, 73

Bermejo, Rio (Red River), 19

Bigg-Wither, referred to, 108

Black River, the lagoon, 195

Blood of wild beasts drank by Indians, 7

Blue stone worn in lip, 72

Boa, the, 84

Boar, wild, 15, 19, 118, 135

Bodelle. See Rodela

Bonas Aeieres. See Buenos Ayres

Bone Speranso. See Buena Esperanza

Brabant, 91

Bravo, Anton, bastinadoed, 252

Brazil, xiv, xviii; the name, xxii, 32, 35, 175, 176, 190, 250

Brazilian (Brazil) wood, xxii, xxviii, 85, 86

Breastplates on horses, 146

Bresa, Baron de la, xxiv

Brigantines (Parchkadienes), xxvi, 10, 12, 13, 21, 28, 34, 37, 39, 40, 49, 51, 59, 62, 162

Buena Esperanza, or Corpus Christi, founded by Mendoza, 15, note, 22

Buenos Ayres (Bonas Aeires), Santa Maria de, foundation of, xxvi, 7; besieged, 11; 31, 32, 33, 34, 36; province of, 81; 101, 102, 103, 104, 106; abandoned, xvi, 123, 124, 125; relief sent to, 127, seq.; 164, 165, measures to re-establish, 165

Bull, Papal, xxi

Bullets, stone, 8

Burton, Sir Richard, his edition of Hans Stade referred to, xviii

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez, his parentage, xiii, xvi; opposed by Irala, ib.; judgment and acquittal of, xvii; Commentaries of, ib.; xviii, xx, xxvii; route opened by, xviii, xx, xxx; referred to, 27, 35 seq.; Schmidt’s opinion of, 35, note, 41, 49, 51, 52; arrest and imprisonment of, 52 seq.; is sent to Spain, 53; honesty and capacity of, ib., note; horrible treatment suffered by, ib.; his captivity in Florida, 95; returns to Spain, ib.; offers to lead a relief expedition, ib.; appointed Adelantado, 96; equips at his own cost an expedition, ib.; vessels bought by, ib.; is detained in Cadiz, ib.; sets sail, ib.; arrives at La Palma, ib.; sails towards Cape Verd, ib.; takes possession of Cananea, 99; arrives at Santa Catalina, ib.; disembarks his people, 100; treats Indians kindly, ib., 107; protects monks, 101; clothes Spanish refugees, 103 seq.; hastens to Asuncion, 104; opens route overland, ib.; leaves Santa Catalina, 106; begins his march, ib.; enters the interior, 107; discovers Indian settlements, ib.; takes possession of territory for king, 107; his name, 108; his generosity to Indians, 109; protects natives, 109 seq.; writes to Asuncion, 118; descends the Yguazú, 120; orders rafts to be made, 121; arrives at Asuncion, 125; shows his credentials, ib.; recognised as governor, ib.; his orders to rebuild Buenos Ayres, 128; summons meeting of clergy, 128; assembles native vassals, 129; makes peace with Agazes, 132; clothes needy Spaniards, 134; reduces taxation, ib.; arrests officers, ib.; consults clergy, 136 seq.; leads expedition against Guaycurús, 139; narrow escape of, 143; restores order in his troops, ib.; his dispositions for attack, 146; inquires into the acts of the Agazes, 151; receives the submission of Guaycurús, 154; sends further relief to Buenos Ayres, 159; prepares to explore province, 159 seq.; orders vessels to be built, 162; returns thanks for safety of Spaniards, 166; supplies destitute Spaniards, 167; assembles clergy and officers, 168; orders brigantines to be equipped, 169; supports friendly Indians, 170; writes to Irala, 173; animosity against, 175; orders depositions to be taken, 176; starts on voyage of discovery, 177; builds a church, ib.; reaches Tapua, 178; stays at Itapuan, 183; treats with Payaguás, 186 seq.; orders soundings to be taken, 191; speaks with Guaxarapos, 192; takes possession of Los Reyes, 198; cautions Spaniards and Guaranís, 198; bitten by a vampire bat, 199 seq.; holds a council, 205; decides on an advance, 215; arrives at Rio Caliente, 216; is advised to return, 220; sends Ribera to Tapuá, 221; summons chiefs of Los Reyes, 222; sends for provisions, 223; sends Hernando Ribera to the Xarayes, 225; recalls Mendoza, 233; falls sick with fever, 236; remains at Los Reyes, 237; orders Indian girls to be restored, 237; returns to Asuncion, 238; conspiracy against, 239 seq.; his property seized, 242; his life threatened, 245; his imprisonment, 247; corresponds with his friends, 247 seq.; asks for a confessor, 251, 253; appoints a deputy, 257; is chained on the brigantine, 257; poison administered to, 259; his chains filed asunder, 260; arrives at the Azores, 261; in Spain, ib.; is arrested and kept a prisoner eight years, 262; acquitted and released, ib.; losses sustained by, ib.

Cabeza de Vaca, Pedro Estopiñan, nephew of Alvar Nuñez, sent by sea to Buenos Ayres, 36, 106, 107; arrives at Asuncion, 164; his report, ib.; seized and put in irons, 258; sent to Spain, ib.

Cabot, Sebastian, expedition under, xiv, xxv; fort of, 15; referred to, 202

Cabrera (Gabrero), Alonso, arrives from Spain, 14, 32, 33, 52, 125; letter signed by, 165; 240, 243, 256, 259; files the governor’s chains asunder, 260; loses his reason and kills his wife, 262

——, Antonio, 37

Caceres, Felipe de, 52; sent to the La Plata, 101, 104, 125; accompanies expedition, 177; 240

Cacocies Chaneses. See Xarayes

Cactus hedge round Indian village, 67

Cadiz (Calles), 1, 88, 90, 98

Caguazú, Indian settlement, 136, 137

Calderon, 31

Calles. See Cadiz

Camire, Indian chief, 211, 212, 265

Camoati, Guaraní word for beehives, 77

Campo, el (the plain), 104, 107

Camus, M., his collection of voyages referred to, xxxiv

Cananea, 36, 99, 100

Canaria, 96

Canary Islands, their distance from San Lucar, 2; 4

Candelaria, port of, 102, 185; latitude of, 186; now Corumbá, ib.

Candirées, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Cannibalism, remarks on, xxxvi seq.; denied by the editor of this book, xxxviii; Schmidt’s notices of, 20; C. de Vaca’s notices of, 129, 234, 254

Canoes, 13; swiftness of, 193; large, 194

Cape Verde, 96, 261; islands, 4, 97, 98

Capibara, or Capincho, water-hog, 184; chase of, ib.

Capitana, name of ship, 96, 124, 127

Captives in war, treatment of, 20, 129 seq.

Caracas, province of, xxiv

Caravels (Karabella), 32, 35

Carcaraes, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Carch Karaisch. See Guaycurus

Cardas, a kind of teasel, 155

Cardos (Cardes), Spanish for thistle, 69

Carendies. See Quirandis

Carib and Caniba, name given by Indians of Hayti to their enemies, xxxvii

Carieba, 57; taken by treachery, 58

Carios, name by which Schmidt calls the Guaranís, 14, 15, 19; extent of their country, 19; their superiority for work, ib.; their customs, 20; their cannibalism, ib.; their treatment of prisoners, ib.; their war, ib.; their town, ib.; their forts, 21; pits dug by, ib.; their fight with the Spaniards, ib.; their submission, 22; build a town for the Spaniards, ib.; 27, 28, 37, 38, 40, 41; their insurrection, 54; expedition against, 55 seq.; their fortifications, 56, 57, 59; defeat of, 59; join Irala’s expedition, 62; 64, 70, 71, 76, 81, 82, 83, 102

Carob bean (Prosopis dulcis mimosa), 18, 135; flour and wine made of, ib.

Casas, Bartolomé, de las, xxv; abridges Columbus’ Journal, xxxvii

Casca, de. See La Gasca

Cassia trees, 189; fruit of, ib.

Castellano, gold coin, value of, 242

Castille, 258

Centenera. See Barco

Ceuti, lemon of, 189

Chaco, Indians of the, xiv; xvi

Chanés (Chameses, Chaneses), Indian tribe, 65, 66, 102, 103, 191, 197, 202, 203, 231, 232

Charles V, King of Spain, xiii, xxiii; his partiality for Flemings, xxiv seq.; abdication of, xxix

Charúas, tribe of Indians, xxxvi, 6 seq.; 11

Chaves, Nuflo de, sent to Peru, 75, 76; 244

Cheriguanos, now named Moxos and Chiquitos, their country, xxvii, 37

Chimencos, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Chiquitos, xxvii

Chunchos, territory of, 73

Cipoyay, Indian chief, 107

Cock, crow of, saves a ship, 98

Coligny protects Villegaignon, xxix

Columbus, Christopher, alteration of his words carne viva regarding the natives of Hayti, xxxvi seq.

Compans, Ternaux, his Collection of Voyages referred to, xxxiv; his erroneous identifications, xxxiv, 19, 85

Cordova, or Cordoba, 100, 270

Corpus Christi, fort, 15, 29

Correa, Antonio, 207, 209

Corumbá, 186

Cotton, 19, 212

Crocodile, legend concerning, 42 seq.

Crossbowmen, 107

Cuenca, Bishop of, 262

Ciudad Real de Guaira, 118

Curitiba, city of, 108

Cuyaba, river, 190

Cuzco (called by Schmidt, Ruessken), 76

Dabere. See Tabaré

Dantas. See Sheep

Danube, river, 60

Darts, tipped with flint, 8, 54, 67

De Bry, his collection referred to, xxii; publishes Schmidt’s voyage, xxx

Deer, 44, 45, 66, 68, 118, 148, 149

Demerieff. See Teneriffe

Desumsion. See Asuncion

Diaz, Ruy, 62

Diembus. See Timbus

Diess. See Diaz

Doberim Carolus. See Dubrin

Domingo, an Indian, 176

Dorantes, Pedro (the factor), reconnoitres a way inland, 104; his report, 125; joins expedition, 177; returns to Asuncion, 181; 240, 256, 258

Dryandri, Dr. Johann, Stade’s work written by, xxx

Duarte, Lope, a confederate of Irala, 259

Dubrin, Carlos, 14

Duechkamin, town of, 19; M. Ternaux, erroneous identification of, ib.; probably Tomina, ib., note

Ear ornaments, 40

Earthquake, 165

El Golondrino (the Swallow), name of vessel, 265

Escalera, Antonio d’, 251

Espinosa. See Salazar

Espiritu Santo, province and port of, 86

Estopiñan, Pedro. See Cabeza de Vaca

Eyolla. See Irala

Eyollas, Johann. See Ayolas

Farol, Spanish for lantern, 90

Fenugreek, 18; not the herb from which the wine was made, ib., 24, 25

Ferdinand and Isabella, xiii

Fish, 5, 87; extraordinary numbers of, 189, 194; gold, 195

Flemings, funds supplied by, xxiv; favours shown to, xxv; take part in expedition, ib.; their struggle for independence, xxx

Flemish merchants, xv

Flooded land, marching through, 47

Floods on Paraguai, 41, 47, 193, 194

Florida, xvii, 35

Flying-fishes, 5

Francisco, a converted Indian, succours the Christians, 122, 127

Franck, Sebastian, his Collection of Voyages, xvi, xxix, xxx

Frio, cape, 99

Fucar, the word, xxiv

Fuegians, cannibalism attributed to, xxxviii

Fuggers, family of wealthy merchants, xxiv, xxviii

Furs of the Indians, 9

Gabaretha, 81

Gabrero. See Cabrera

Galan, Francisco Ruiz, 29

Game, abundance of, 229

Garcia, Alejo, the fabulous, 202

Garcia, the interpreter, 190 seq.; his expedition into the interior, 191, 202; not the pilot of that name, 202; 209, 231

Garcia Diego, the pilot, xiv, 202

Garcia, Ruy, sent by Irala to Peru, 75

Gastra, de. See Caceres

Geese, 15, 19, 63, 66, 68, 118; kept by Indians to destroy crickets, 168

Germans take part in Mendoza’s expedition, xxv

Gold and silver, 45, 48, 49, 90, 212, 214, 232, 244

Gold plates worn for ornaments, 48

Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, xxvii

Gomera, island, 2

Gonzales, Bartolomé, 241

Gonzalo, an Indian, 103

Gran Canaria, 100

Guaçani, an Indian chief, his hostility to the Spaniards, 170, 180, 181, 191

Guadalquivir, comparison with, 117

Guadix, 253

Guaira (or Paraná), Jesuit missions in, 111; province of, xix, xxii, xxviii, xxxiii, 36, 81

Guanacos, 63

Guapay, river, 65, 73.

Guaraní family, xx

Guaraní language, xxxiii, 16, 129, 206

Guaranís, only one nation of, xxxv; divisions of, ib.; 107; their cannibalism, ib.; 110, 111, 112, 114; settlements of, 117; arrayed for battle, 121; 123; pillaged by Agazes, 131 seq., 133; 140; march to battle, 141; panic among 144; timidity of, 146; 148, 149, 150; chiefs sent for, 152, 153, 155; attack Buenos Ayres, 165; extreme point occupied by, 182, 184

Guaranís, of the interior, 203, 204, 206, 210 seq., 213, 215, 217, 228, 231; suffer from fever, 233; 234, 238

Guatatas, 142, 146, 153

Guatos, a tribe of Indians, 213, 227, 234

Guaycurús (Guaicurús), a tribe of warriors and hunters, 15, 16, 25; their food, ib.; their habits, 135; feared by other tribes, ib.; kind to their wives, ib.; injuries committed by, 136; proclaimed enemies, 137; message sent to, ib.; their movements watched, 138, 140; 142, 144; their mode of beheading prisoners, 147; defeat of, ib.; allow liberty to their women, 148; 149, 150; captives set free, 152; submission of, 153 seq.; their barter with the Spaniards, 155, 157

Guayviaño, port of, 177, 182, 183

Guaxarapos, country of, 189; submission of, 190; 192, 193, 213; attack Spaniards, 222, 227, 234, 235, 238

Guazú, Chera, an Indian chief, 13

Gulgaises. See Guaicurús

Guzman, Alonso Riquelme de (called by Schmidt, Richkell), father of Ruy Diaz, 79

Guzman, Ruy Diaz, author of La Argentina, xxvii, 27, 73, 79

Hammocks, 84

Hannego. See Vanegas

Hayti, xxxvi

Heads of enemies, how preserved, 55

Hens, 15, 19, 63, 66, 68

Hernandez, Andres, 245

——, Juan, 29

——, Pero, or Pedro, secretary of Cabeza de Vaca, 37; arrested, 241, 260, 270

Herrera, Antonio de, the historian, referred to, xxv, xxvii, 1, 15, 27

——, Rodrigo de, 251

Herrezuelo, Luiz de, a monk, 159

Hidalgo, the word, 252

Hieronimus, 70

Hoces, Juan de, 270

Honey, abundance of, 77; 110, 124

Horses and mares brought from Spain, 7; fears excited by, 117; 147, 181, 183

Hortigosa, Gaspar de, 270

Hulcken, large merchantmen, 88

Hulsius, Levinus, his edition of Schmidt’s voyage referred to, xxx, xxxiii; note by, 50

Hulst, or Hulsen, Johann von, a merchant, 81, 86

Iegnis, King of the Amazons, 46

Iepedii, or Ipiti river. See Bermejo

Ieperis. See Yapirus

Iguape, xiv

Iguazu. See Yguazu

Indians, their fear of the horses, 110, 117; remove their camps, 110; cordial reception by, 115, 123; their deference for old women, 119; houses of, 124; attack Spaniards, 126; protection of, 128 seq.; their cannibalism, 129; swiftness of foot of, 135; converted, 136, 160, 163; custom of, 140; Spaniards dependent on, 144; 148; accompany Spaniards on their discovery, 163; complaints by, 176; in war paint, 178; habits of, 193 seq.; their ornaments, 207

Inriquizava. See Yeruquihaba

Ipaneme (Ipané) river and port, 60, 181, 182, 191

Irala, Domingo Martinez de, principal part taken by, xvi; personal ambition of, ib., defence of, xvii; xxvi seq.; obtains title of governor, xxviii; xxx, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34; yields up government to Cabeza de Vaca, 36; subdues the Carios, 38; supposed author of conspiracy against Cabeza de Vaca, 53; elected governor, ib.; attacks and defeats the Carios, 57 seq.; advances against Tabaré, 60; proposes expedition, 61; sends messengers to Peru, 65; his letter, 73; 75, 78; marries his daughters to Spaniards, 80; 102; is blamed for the death of Ayolas, 103; withdraws from the country of the Payaguás, ib.; 125, 143; sent to explore Upper Paraguai, 160, 165; returns from his exploration, 167; his report, 168; ordered to assist Mendoza, 172; makes peace with hostile chiefs, 174; 185, 241; elected deputy governor, 243 seq.; 249, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259

Iron plates, a mistake of author’s, 58

Isabella, Queen of Spain, 148

Itabitan. See Itapuan

Itapuan, 183

Itaqui, two ports of that name, 180

Itati, 212

Itatis, 37, 41, 43

Jejuy (Giguy) river, 170

“Jigger.” See Nigua

Juberich Sabaije. See Yeruquihaba

Kalles. See Cadiz

Karchkonis, or Karckkockios, 66, 68, 71 seq., 77

Keyser, Christoff, agent of Fugger, 80

Kueremagbas. See Mbaiás

Kumero. See Gomera

Kuniglin, probably guinea-pigs, 66

La Gasca, governor of Peru, 65, 74

Lambaré, 20

La Palma, island of, 4, 96, 97

La Plata. See Rio de la Plata

Las Piedras, or Pan de Azúcar, 160 seq.

Lauchstein. See Lujan

Leagues, Castilian, 4

Lebron, friar Alonzo, 100, 105, 116, 136, 159, 175, 250

Lezcano, Juan Gabriel de, 159

Lieme. See Lima

Locusts, crops eaten by, 68

Lopez, Antonio, a pilot, 104

Lima, 74, 76

Lip ornaments, 20, 37, 40, 43, 72, 214, 230

Lisbon, xxiv, xxviii, 81, 85

Llamas, or great sheep of Peru, 63; used for riding, ib., 204

Los Reyes, port of, 168, 169, 174, 189, 191, 196; curious rocks near, ib.; shallows of, 197; Indians of, 199; church built at, 201, 203, 205, 213, 215, 220, 221, 225, 231, 233, 234, 235, 237, 263, 264, 265

Loxa, wife of Alonso Cabrera, 262

Luchsam, Jörg. See Lujan

Lujan, Jorge, 6, 10

Machin, a Biscayan, 259

Machkaria, an Indian chief, 56

Machkasis, Rio, 66, 73, 75

Machkokios, 65, 73

Machkuerendas, perhaps Mocoretas, 16; language of, ib., 17

Maijeaijs. See Mbaiás

Maijegoni, or Maigenos, 67, 70 seq.

Maipai. See Mepenes

Maize wine, 230

Malaria, from putrefying fish, 236

Manchossa. See Mendoza

Mandepore, Mandcoch parpij, Mandeochade, Mandioch Mandapore. See Manioc

Mandubís, mandues or manduís (pea-nuts), 25, 37, 40, 41, 63, 118, 155, 199

Manioc, 14, 15, 19, 37, 41, 63; drink made from, 69, 199

Mantles made by Indian women, 45, 49, 65, 155

Mapennis. See Mepenes

Marañon, sierra of, 267

Marilla, Bartolomé de la, 244

Markets for sale and barter of Indian commodities, 155

Marroni, 67

Martin Garcia, Island, 33

Matanza river, de la, 9

Mataraes, Indian tribe, 188

Matto Grosso, xxvii

Mayáes. See Mbaiás

Mayas, 153

Mbaiás, their kindness to the Spaniards, 18; their mode of piercing the nose, ib.; 26, 54; their mode of fighting, 55; 57, 63; attack by, 64; slaughter of, 65; 66, 203

Mbiaçá or Mbiaçai, the country opposite Santa Catalina Island, 35, 83, 100

Mechseckheim. See Mexico

Mello, Homem de, referred to, 121

Mendoza, Antonio de, 29, 30; death of, 31

——, Diego, death of, 8

——, Don Pedro de, first Adelantado of Rio de la Plata, xv, xvi, xxi, xxv, xxvi, xxvii; his expedition, 1, note; appoints Juan Osorio to the command, 5; 6, 7, 8, 10, 12; dies on the voyage back to Spain, 13; 32, 35, 70, 95, 101, 102

——, Don Francisco, 52, 240

——, Gonzalo de, 32, note; sent to relieve Buenos Ayres, 159; disaster to, 165; sent to obtain supplies from Indians, 169; writes to the governor, 170 seq.; commands the rear flotilla, 190; sent for provisions, 223; his orders, 224 seq., 226 seq., 233

——, Jorge de, his love-adventure not known in history, 2 note, 4

Mepen, Pedro, 234

Mepenes, or Abipones, 17; their hostility, ib.; they only fight on water, 18, 63

Merchireses, Indian tribe, 142

Mexico, 4

Miguel, a converted Indian, 109

Miranda, a Spaniard killed, 238

Miranda, Luis de, the priest, 251, 259

Molina, Pedro de, 253 seq.

Monkeys pull and throw down pine-cones to eat, 113

Monks, obstinacy of, 116; consulted, 159; take to flight, 175 seq.

Montoya, Ruiz de, the missionary, xxxiii

Moors, pointed beards of, 266

Morales, a gentleman of Seville, 241

Mormosén, Indian chief, 137, 138

Moussy, Martin de, referred to, 121

Moxos, xxvii

Musical instruments of Indians, 44

Naperus. See Yapirus

Navarrete, his Collection of Voyages referred to, xxxii, xxxvii

Navigation, rules observed in, 33, 89

Niedhart, Sebastian, xxv, 2, 80

Nigua, Guaraní for the small flea known in W. Africa as “Jigger”, 74

Nova Hispania, 4, 75

Nuremberg, 2; things made at, 48

Nythart, Hans, his translation of Terence’s play of “The Eunuch”, 52

Ocampo, Augustin de, an officer sent by Irala to Peru, 75

Old age rare among Indians, 50

Oñate, Pedro d’, 240

Orejones, why so called, 200; compared with the Incas, ib., 230

Orejon, Francisco, a Spaniard, 118

Orellana, a Spanish officer, the first to navigate the river Amazon, 46

Orthuses. See Urtuesses

Osorio, Juan, 5; unjustly put to death, 6

Ossorig, Hans. See Osorio

Ostriches, 15, 19, 44, 63, 66, 68, 141, 149

Ostrich flesh, 138

Oviedo, Fernandez de, the historian, xxvi

Pabesse. See Pavés

Pabon, Johan, 8

Pacheco, a mulatto, 190

Padades. See Potatoes

Paeime, or Paine, Heinrich, xxv, 2, 3

Palm tree, 48; young shoots of, 216

Palm nuts, flour made of, 216

Palma (Palman), 2, 3, 4. See also La Palma

Palometa (Palmede), teeth of, used by Indians for beheading prisoners, 54, 147

Paniagua, Francisco Gonzales, 269, 270

Parabor, or Parabog. See Paraguai

Parabor, parabog, or paraog, a Guaraní word, 20, ethnological note

Paraguai, conquest of, xvii, xviii; conquerors of, xxx; language spoken in, xxxiii

—— river, xiv, xix, xxvi; expedition up, 14; 18, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 35, 37, 39, 41, 44, 51; affluents of, 60; 62, 102, 103; province of, 111, 118; 125, 131, 132, 135, 137, 149, 153, 163, 167, 181, 182, 189, 190; loses itself, 195; 202, 203, 212, 263

Paraiso, Isla del, 41, 43

Paraná, xxxvi, province of, 36, 108, 111; river, xiv, xxvi; width of, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 28, 33; originally called Rio de Solis, ib. note; 35, 81, 103, 108; also called Rio de la Plata, 120; width of, 121; 122, 126, 127, 128, 164, 165

Parana Wassu, or Guazú. See Parana river

Paraná-pané river, now called Paraná-panema, 111

Paranon. See Parana

Parchkadienes. See Brigantines

Paredes, Francisco de, 259, 260

Parnawuie, a Spaniard, 76

Parroni, 67

Parrots, 66; kept by natives, 127; feathers used for ornament, 141

Pat, or podell, a boat, 3, 6, 12

Patos, port of Los, xxvi

Paves (Pabesse), 56

Pavon, Juan, 29, 241

Payaguas (Peijembas or Peyssennas), an Indian tribe, 23; food of, 24, 25, 26; slay Ayolas and his Spaniards, 27, 28, 103, 182; parley with, 186; chief of, 187; flight of, 188, 193

Paysunóes, Indian tribe, 203, 230, 232

Pea-nuts. See Mandubis

Peihoni, 66, 67

Peijembas. See Payaguás

Peijssenas, probably the same as the Payaguás, 26, 66, 69 seq.

Peischo Spaide. See Swordfish

Pequiry R., tributary of Paraná, 118, 119, 126

Peralta, Francisco de, 241

Perobazanes, 265

Peru, xvi, xxvii; mountains of, 19; 74, 75, 76; sierras of, 265

Pesche-spate, or Peje-espada. See Swordfish

Pesche de ferre, or Peces-sierras, 5, 87

Phillip II, King of Spain, xxix

Pilot, punishment of, 34

Pine-trees, great size of, 112; fruit of, ib.; 117

Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, 84

Pique. See Nigua

Piraputanas, native name for shad, 229

Piratininga. See San Paulo

Piseron. See Pizarro

Pitfalls made by Indians, 21

Pizarro, El Marqués Don Francisco, 75; historical note, ib.

——, Gonzalo, his rebellion, 74, 75; his beheadal, ib.

Plate, river. See Rio de la Plata

Polyphemus, fable of, xxxviii

Portugal, king of, xiv, 5, 81, 85, 88; his vassals killed by natives, 104, 120, 262

Portuguese, 4, 5, 120

Portuguese territory, how delimited, xxi, 81

Potatoes, (Padades), 14, 25, 40, 41, 63; three kinds of, 114

Potosi (called by Schmidt, Poduesis), 76

Priesiell. See Brazil

Protestants, French, try to set foot in Brazil, xxix

Pupebaie, an Indian chief, 110

Purchas, his Pilgrims, xxiii

Quintana referred to, xxv

Quirandis, a tribe of Indians, 7, 8; fight with, 8, 9, 11, 15

Ramallo, Juan (called by Schmidt, Reinmelle), 84, 85; historical note, ib.; his sons, ib.; his family the founders of the city of San Paulo, ib.

Rasquin, Jaime, 240

Ray, wound inflicted by, 200; its tail used for tattooing, 207

Real Consejo de las Indias, 262

Ribera, Francisco de, 41; sent to Tapua, 221; returns, 228; his report, 229 seq., 230, 232, 233

——, Hernando de, 41, 42, 46, 49; sent to explore, 225; returns from his exploration, 236; narrative of, 263-270

Rio Caliente, 216

Riogenea. See Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, xxviii; meaning of the name, 5, 6; by whom discovered, 5; 86, 99

Rio de la Plata, conquest of, xiii; discovery of, xiv; xv, xvii, xviii, xxvi, xxx, xxxv, 1, 2, 6, 13, 19, 20; government of, 32; 35, 42, 76; province of, xx; how divided, 81; 95, 100, 106, 120

Riodellaplata. See Rio de la Plata

Rio del Oro, 193

Rodela, 56

Romero, Johann (or Juan), 12, 159; left in command at Los Reyes, 215; his report, 222

Rosario, xiv

Rossel, or Rosel, Peter, xxiv, xxix, 86; mentioned by Hans Staden, ib.; receives Schmidt kindly, ib.

Ruiz, Francisco, 243

Rutia, Miguel de, an officer sent by Irala to Peru, 75

Sabalos, or shad, 229

Salazar, Captain Juan de, 6, 39, 146; left as lieutenant of the governor, 177; desired to complete the caravel, 178; 238, 256, 257

—— Juan de, a monk, 159, 259, 260

Salinas del Jaurú, 65, 72, 74

Salinas, Sancho de, 244

Salleisser. See Salazar

Salt region, 72

Salvaischo, Lazarum, 6, historical note

Samacosis, or Surukusis, 37, 40, 41, 42, 51; their town burnt, 51

San Antonio, cape, 6, 33

Sancte Augo. See Santiago

San Fernando, Point, 33

San Francisco, colony of, xix; river, island, and bay of, 99, 105

San Juan, river, 165

San Lucar de Barrameda, xviii, 2, 88

San Paulo (or Pablo) in Brazil, 85; province of, xxiv, 99

San Thomé, island of, 50

San Vicente (or Santos), xv, xix, xxi, xxiv, xxviii; capitania of, 36; first Portuguese colony in Brazil, 84, 85, 86

Sancti Spiritus, xiv

Sanabria, Don Diego de, takes command on death of his father, xviii; his armada dispersed, ib.; his unfortunate enterprize, xix

—— Don Juan de, appointed third adelantado of Rio de la Plata, xviii

Santa Catalina (or St. Catherine), island, xix, xx, xxii, xxvi, 32; a possession of Spain, ib., 33, 35; given to Cabeza de Vaca, 36; 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107; province of, 108; 124, 127, 164

Santa Lucia, hills, 191

Santa Maria, cape, 6, 33; distance from it to San Gabriel, Island, 34

—— Puerto de. See Buenos Ayres

Santa Martha, sierras of, 265, 267

Santiago, battle-cry of Spaniards, 146

Santiago or St. Iago Island, one of the Cape Verd Islands, 4, 5, 50

Schaubhut, a fish, 5

Schelebethueba, 84

Scherues. See Xarayos

Schetz or Schetzen, Heinrich, 88

Schetzen, Erasmus, xxiv, xxviii, xxix, 81, 85, 86

Schmidt, Ulrich, his lineage unknown, xiii seq.; agent of Flemish merchants, xv; his name, ib.; first edition of his book, xvi; period embraced by his voyage, xvii, xx; links his fortune with Irala, xxvii; not noticed by the chroniclers, ib., xxviii; does not mention Hans Stade, xxix; errors committed by, xxxiv; Azara’s opinion of, xxxv; leaves Antwerp, 1; arrives at Cadiz, ib.; at San Lucar, 2; at island of La Palma, ib.; erroneous distances given by, 4; historical notes, ib., 5; arrives at Rio de la Plata, 6; helps to found Buenos Ayres, 7 seq.; fights against Quirandis, ib.; ascends the Paraná, 12; the Paraguai, 18; fights against Agazes, 19; and Carios, 21; at Asuncion, 23; takes part in expedition of Ayolas, 24 seq.; returns with Irala, 26; descends the Paraguai and Parana, 28; at Corpus Christi, 30; at Buenos Ayres, 32; sails for Santa Catalina, ib.; is shipwrecked, 34; walks to San Gabriel, ib.; ascends the Parana, 35; remains at Asuncion, ib.; records arrival of Cabeza de Vaca, 36; takes part in Irala’s expeditions, 37 seq.; his remarks on the Xarayos, 44; on the Amazons, 45 seq.; marches through flooded land, 46 seq.; his booty, 49; his observations on climate, 50; astronomical errors of, 50 seq.; his remarks on Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 51 seq.; his illness, 53; an accomplice in conspiracy against Alvar Nuñez, ib.; his remarks on native warfare, 54 seq.; takes part in military operations, 57 seq.; is disabled and rides on a sheep, 63; captives and booty taken by, 65; queer names given by, ib.; is selected for important duty, 69; gains favour among the men, ib.; takes part in expedition to Peru, 71 seq.; his opinion of Pizarro, 74; his remarks on Peru, 75; on the fertility of the country, 77; his share of slaves, 78; receives letter from Seville, 80; applies for leave of absence, ib.; letters and report delivered by, ib.; sets out on homeward journey, 81; curious names of places mentioned by, ib.; comes to the Tapis, 82; his account of that people, ib.; two of his companions killed, ib.; is attacked and defends himself, 83; forests described by, 83; fatigues endured by, 84; arrives at San Vicente, 85; is received by Peter Rossel, ib.; sails from San Vicente, ib.; puts into Espiritu Santo, 88; arrives at Lisbon, ib.; posts to Seville, ib.; arrives at San Lucar, ib.; at Cadiz, ib.; narrowly escapes shipwreck, 90; at Cadiz, ib.; sails for Holland, 91; arrives at Isle of Wight, ib.; at Antwerp, ib.

Schmidt, editions of his Voyage, xxii. See also Bibliography

Schue Eiiba Thuescha, 84

Segura, Pedro, 80

Segurola, Don Saturnino, his collection of MSS., xxiii

Seville, xiv, xv, xxiv, xxvi, xxviii, 2, 78, 80, 88, 241

Sheep, Indian, 15, 19, 25, 45, 56, 63, 68, 118

Siberis, 47, 48, 50, 68 seq.

Sibylla. See Seville

Sierra do Mar, 108

Sierra, meaning of the word, 116

Silver, pieces of, xiv; crowns, 64. See also “Gold and silver”

Skins of tiger, tapir, deer, etc., 155

Smith, Buckingham, translation of Cabeza de Vaca’s Naufragios, referred to, xvii

Snake, monstrous, 16

Sococies, 191, 197, 202, 224

Socorinos, 224, 234

Solis, Juan Diaz de, xiv, 84

Solorzano, 240

Sosa, Hernando de, 247

Sousa, Martin Affonzo de, sent to Brazil, xiv; factory established by, xxiv; colony founded by, 85; his captaincy and discovery, 120

——, Thomé de, xix

Spain, xxx; propaganda against, power of, xxxi; conquests of, how based, xxi

Spaniards discover Rio Janeiro, 5; suffer from famine, 9 seq.; execution of three, 10; ill-treated by their officers, 101, 103; perilous position of, 126 seq.; their wars with natives, 131 seq.; drowned in crossing river, 139; land and establishments of, 151; critical situation of, 165; escape the fire at Asuncion, 166; their destitute condition, 167; wounded by poisonous arrows, 173; health of, 184; wild fruit eaten by, 189; suffer from fever, 233; discontent of, 238

Spanish government, colonial policy of, xxx; enemies of, xxxii

Spanish Jesuit missionaries, xxxiii

Spanish words Germanised, 24, 56

Stade, Hans, his narrative, xviii seq.; he is contemporary with Schmidt, ib.; by whom written, xxx; not mentioned by Schmidt, xxix; mistakes made by, 85, 86

St. Andrew’s Day, 91

St. Anthony’s Day, 85

St. Bartholomew’s Day, 2

St. Domingo, island of, 261

St. Fernando, mountain of, 24, 40, 62; position of, ib., 63, 65

St. Gabriel, island of, 6, 7; distance from, to Cape Santa Maria, 34, 260

St. Hieronymus’s Day, 88

St. Iago, island of, 97; climate of, ib.; gold plentiful in, ib. See Santiago

St. James’s Day, 80

St. Jerome, cannibalism attributed to the Scotch in the time of, xxxviii

St. John’s Day, 12, 86

St. John’s bread, 18, 24

St. Mark, name of brigantine, 197

Sthuesia river, possibly the Xejuy, or Ipané, 60

Stockades, 57

Suelapa, erroneous rendering of an Indian name, 30

Sugar factories in Brazil, 86

Sumere, or straw-fish, 87

Sun, house of the, 266

Surukufers. See Samacosis

Surukusis. See Samacosis

Swamps, difficult marching in, 208

Sword-fish, 5, 87

Symanni, 66, 67

Tabaré, (Dabere or Thabere), brother of Aracaré, 38 seq.; 58, 59; submission of, 61

Tabellino, Diego, 37

Tabor, Indian chief, 132

Tamacoxas, also called Samacosis and Machkasis, 73, 76, 77

Tapapirazú, an Indian chief, 109

Tapis (Tapii), Toppis, or Tupys, the tribes inhabiting the south of Brazil, xix, xxviii, 5, 81 seq. ethnological note; their habits, 82; their language, ib.; hostility of, 83, 216, 229

Tapuá, an Indian village, 137, 138, 178, 179

Tapuaguazú, 218, 219, 228, 230

Taquari river, tributary of Parana-pané, 111

Tarapecosies, a tribe, 231, 232

Tardes. See Darts

Targets, made of skins, 56 seq.

Teasel (cardas), used instead of hemp and thread, 155; nets made of, 194

Teneriffe island, 2

Terceira, one of the Azores, 88

Teste de Terzero. See Terceira

Thiembus. See Timbus

Thistles used for food, 7, 48, 164

Thohanna, 66, 67

Thraso, the soldier in Terence’s play of “The Eunuch”, 52

Three Kings’ Day, 91, 167

Tibagi river, affluent of Parana-panemá, 108

Tiger, man killed by, 126; panic caused by, 143 seq.; skins of, 155

Timbus (Tyembus or Thiembus), an Indian tribe, described, 12 seq.; 14, 15; island inhabited by, 22; chief of, killed by Spaniards, 29; treachery of, 30 seq., 32

Tocanguasú, an Indian chief, 107; 108

Tocangusir, an Indian chief, 111

Tomina, 19

Tonina (tunny-fish), 87

Topyis. See Tapis

Tordesillas, treaty of, xiv, xxi

Traveller’s tree, the (Urania speciosa), 68

Truxillo, 244

Tucuman, 19

Tuguy, the place, 112, 113

Tupi, Tupis, Tupin, Tape. See Tapis

Turkish corn or maize, 33, 37, 40, 63, 66

Unhealthy country, 50

Ure, Martin de, 241, 253

Uretabere, village, 269

Urquaie. See Uruguay

Ursa Major, constellation of, 51

Urtueses (Orthuses), 47; mortality among, 48, 53, 265, 266

Uruguay river, 83

Vaca, Cabeza de. See Cabeza

Vaca, Pedro, 260

Valderas, Juan, notary, 264

Valdivieso, Sebastian, 270

Valladolid, xvii, 238

Valle, Pedro Diaz del, 244

Vanegas, Garcia, 52, 240, 245, 253; threatens the governor’s life, 257; kisses the governor’s feet, 260; his terrible end, 262

Vardellesse, Germanised form of Spanish fortaleza, 24

Vera, Don Pedro, grandfather of Alvar Nuñez, xiii; province named after, 36; 108

Vergara, Captain, 161

——, Francisco Ortiz de (called by Schmidt, Fergere), 79

Vicenda. See San Vicente

Viejo, port, 234

Villegaignon takes possession of Rio de Janeiro, xxix

Welzer, Jacob, xxiv, xxv, 2

West Indies, slaves introduced into, xxv

Weybingen, no village of that name, 24, 25

Whale, length and capacity of, 1

Whales, harm done by, 86 seq.

Wiessay. See Mbiaçá

Wight, Isle of, 91

Wild boar, 118, 216, 229

Wine made of the carob bean, 18; of honey, 19, 63; of maize, 230

Women, sale and barter of, 20

Worms, white (weevil), fried for food, 115

Wydt. See Wight

Xaqueses, 197, 234

Xaquetes, 191

Xarayos, Xarayes or Guarayos (Scherues), 40, 41, 43; King of, 44, 46, 47, 50; 168, 205; chief of, 207; their dress, 209; their habits, 211 seq.; country of, 213, 214, 217, 225, 226, 263, 265

Xeme, the measure, 200

Yacaré, a Guaraní word for the amphibious animals, 42

Yacareati River, 263, 265, 269

Yaiva River, 263, 265

Yapirús or Apirus, Yaperús (Jeperis or Naperus), a tribe of Payaguás, 26, 54, 56, 57, 61, 149, 153; peace made with, 156; deputation from, ib.; nomadic habits of, 157

Yeruquihaba (Juberich Sabaiie), 58, 59; distance of, from Asuncion, 59, 81, 179

Ygatu. See Yguatu

Yguaron, an Indian chief, 122

Yguatú River, affluent of Paraná, 117

Yguatú, probably Igatu, now Jaurú River, 195; crosses erected at, 196, 225, 263, 265

Yguazú, Iguazú, or Iguassu River, affluent of Paraná, xxviii, 108, 118, 119; fall of, 120 seq.; latitude of, 123

Ytabucú or Itapucú River, 105, 106

Zchemiaisch Saluaischo, a tribe of small people, 16, 17

Zchemui. See Chanes

Zchera Wassu. See Guazu

Zechuas, 11

Zechurias. See Charuas

Zeeland, 91

Zeicho Lijemii, an erroneous rendering of a chief’s name, 29

Zeyhannis, 66, 68