Footnotes (continued 2)

863.

Appian, p. 41, 42.

864.

The foreign forces were commanded by leaders of their respective nations, who were all under the command of a Carthaginian officer, called by Appian Βοήθαρχος.—Trans.

865.

Plut. in vit. Cat. p. 352.

866.

Plin. l. xv. c. 18.

867.

Plut. ibid. in vitâ Cat.

868.

Ubi Carthago, et æmula imperii Romani ab stirpe interiit, Fortuna sævire ac miscere omnia cœpit. Sallust. in bell. Catilin. Ante Carthaginem deletam populus et senatus Romanus placidè modestéque inter se Remp. tractabant.—Metus hostilis in bonis artibus civitatem retinebat. Sed ubi formido illa mentibus decessit, illicet ea, quæ secundæ res amant, lascivia atquæ superbia incessere. Idem in bello Jugurthino.—Trans.

869.

Potentiæ Romanorum prior Scipio viam aperuerat, luxuriæ posterior aperuit. Quippe remoto Carthaginis metu, sublatàque imperii æmulà, non gradu, sed præcipiti cursu à virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum. Vel. Paterc. l. ii. c. 1.—Trans.

870.

App. p. 42.

871.

Ibid.

872.

Polyb. excerpt. legat.. p. 972

873.

To the Romans.—Trans.

874.

Polyb. excerpt. legat. p. 972.

875.

Polyb. p. 975. Appian, p. 44-46.

876.

Appian, p. 46.

877.

Balistæ or Catapultæ.—Trans.

878.

Four leagues, or twelve miles.—Trans.

879.

Appian, p. 46-53.

880.

Appian, p. 53, 54.

881.

Polyb. l. xiii. p. 671, 672.

882.

Appian, p. 55. Strabo, l. xvii. p. 833.

883.

Appian, p. 55.

884.

Appian, p. 55-63.

885.

Appian, p. 63.

886.

Appian, p. 65.

887.

Page 66.

888.

Andriscus.—Trans.

889.

Page 68.

890.

Appian, p. 69.

891.

Page 70.

892.

A sort of movable bridge.—Trans.

893.

Appian, p. 56, 57. Strabo, l. xvii. p. 832.

894.

Νεωσοίκους, Strabo.—Trans.

895.

Boch. in Phal. p. 512.

896.

Appian, p. 72.

897.

It was he who had first commanded without the city, but having caused the other Asdrubal, Masinissa's grandson, to be put to death, he got the command of the troops within the walls.—Trans.

898.

Page 73.

899.

Four miles and three quarters.—Trans.

900.

Appian, p. 74.

901.

Appian, p. 75.

902.

Ibid. p. 78.

903.

Appian, p. 79.

904.

Ibid. p. 81.

905.

Appian, p. 82.

906.

Ecclus, x. 8.

907.

Appian, p. 83.

908.

Ibid.

909.

Quem taurum Scipio cùm redderet Agrigentinis, dixisse dicitur, æquum esse illos cogitare utrum esset Siculis utilius, suisne servire, au populo R. obtemperare, cùm idem monumentum et domesticæ crudelitatis, et nostræ mansuetudinis haberent. Cicer. Verr. vi. n. 73.—Trans.

910.

Ibid.

911.

Appian, p. 84.

912.

We may guess at the dimensions of this famous city, by what Florus says, viz. that it was seventeen days on fire, before it could be all consumed. Quanta urbs deleta sit, ut de cæteris taceam, vel ignium morâ probari potest: quippe per continuos decem et septem dies vix potuit incendium extingui. Lib. ii. c. 15.—Trans.

913.

Neque se Roma, jam terrarum orbe superato, securam speravit fore, si nomen usquam maneret Carthaginis. Adeo odium certaminibus ortum, ultra metum durat, et ne in victis quidem deponitur, neque antè invisum esse desinit, quàm esse desiit. Vel. Paterc. l. i. c. 12.—Trans.

914.

Ut ipse locus eorum, qui cum hâc urbe de imperio certârunt, vestigia calamitatis ostenderet. Cic. Agrar. ii. n. 50.—Trans.

915.

Ibid.

916.

Appian, p. 85. Plut. in vit. Gracch p. 839.

917.

Marius cursum in Africam direxit, inopemque vitam in tugurio ruinarum Carthaginensium toleravit: cùm Marius aspiciens Carthaginem, illa intuens Marium, alter alteri possent esse solatio. Vel. Paterc. l. ii c. 19.—Trans.

918.

Appian, p. 85.

919.

Strabo, l. xvii. p. 833.

920.

Ibid. 831.

921.

Page 733.

922.

Scipio Æmilianus, vir avitis P. Africani paternisque L. Pauli virtutibus simillimus, omnibus belli ac togæ dotibus, ingeniique ac studiorum eminentissimus seculi sui, qui nihil in vitâ nisi laudandum aut fecit aut dixit aut seusit. Vel. Paterc. l. i. c. 12.—Trans.

923.

Neque enim quisquam hoc Scipione elegantiùs intervalla negotiorum otio dispunxit: semperque aut belli aut pacis serviit artibus, semper inter arma ac studia versatus, aut corpus periculis, aut animum disciplinis exercuit. Vel. Paterc. l. i. c. 13.—Trans.

924.

Africanus semper Socraticum Xenophontem in manibus habebat. Tusc. Quæst. l. ii. n. 62.—Trans.

925.

Plut. in vit. Æmil. Paul. p. 258.

926.

Excerpt. è Polyb. p. 147-163.

927.

She was sister of Paulus Æmilius, father of the second Scipio Africanus.—Trans.

928.

Or, 11,250l. sterling.—Trans.

929.

Κατεγνωκότες τῆς αὐτῶν μικρολογίας.—Trans.

930.

Or, 13,500l. sterling.—Trans.

931.

Or, 5375l. sterling.—Trans.

932.

Pausan. in Arcad. l. xiii. p. 505.

933.

Appian, p. 65. Val. Max. l. v. c. 2.

934.

Appian, p. 65.

935.

Cicero introduces Cato, speaking as follows of Masinissa's vigorous constitution: Arbitror te audire, Scipio, hospes tuus Masinissa quæ faciat hodie nonaginta annos natus; cùm ingressus iter pedibus sit, in equum omnino non ascendere; cùm equo, ex equo non descendere; nullo imbre, nullo frigore adduci, ut capite operto sit; summam esse in eo corporis siccitatem. Itaque exequi omnia regis officia et munera. De Senectute.—Trans.

936.

An seni gerenda sit Resp. p. 791.

937.

Appian ibid. Val. Max. l. v. c. 2.

938.

All this history of Jugurtha is extracted from Sallust.—Trans.

939.

Terrebat eum natura mortalium avida imperii, et præceps ad explendam animi cupidinem: præterea opportunitas suæ liberorumque ætatis, quæ etiam mediocres viros spe prædæ transversos agit. Sallust.—Trans.

940.

Ac sanè, quod difficillimum imprimis est, et prælio strenuus erat, et bonus consilio: quorum alterum ex providentiâ timorem, alterum ex audacià temeritatem adferre plerumque solet.—Trans.

941.

Non exercitus, neque thesauri, præsidia regni sunt, verùm amici: Quos neque armis cogere, neque auro parare queas; officio et fide pariuntur. Quis autem amicior quàm frater fratri? aut quem alienum fidum invenies, si tuis hostis fueris?—Trans.

942.

He chose two of the nimblest of those who had followed him into Cirtha; and these, induced by the great rewards he promised them, and pitying his unhappy circumstances, undertook to pass through the enemy's camp, in the night, to the neighbouring shore, and from thence to Rome. Ex iis qui unâ Cirtam profugerant, duos maximè impigros delegit: eos, multa pollicendo, ac miserando casum suum, confirmat, ubi per hostium munitiones noctu ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent. Sallust.—Trans.

943.

Multæ bonæque artes animi et corporis erant, quas omnes avaritia præpediebat.—Trans.

944.

Magnitudine pecuniæ à bono honestoque in pravum abstractus est.—Trans.

945.

Postquam Româ egressus est, fertur sæpe tacitus eò respiciens, postremò dixisse. Urbem venalem et maturè perituram, si emptorem invenerit.—Trans.

946.

For electing magistrates. Sal.—Trans.

947.

In Numidiam proficiscitur, magmâ spe civium, cùm propter artes bonas, tum maximè quòd adversùm divitias invictum animum gerebat.—Trans.

948.

Quibus rebus supra bonum atque honestum perculsus, neque lacrymas tenere, neque moderari linguam: vir egregius in aliis artibus, nimis molliter ægritudinem pati.—Trans.

949.

Now comprehending Fez, Morocco, &c.—Trans.

950.

Plut. in vit. Marii.

951.

Οἶα νέος φιλότιμος, ἄρτι δόξης γεγευμένος, οὐκ ἤνεγκε μετρίως τό εὐτύχημα. Plut. Præcept. reip. gerend. p. 806.—Trans.

952.

Plut. in vit. Marii.

953.

In voce Ἰόβας.—Trans.

954.

Vol. IV of the Memoirs of the Academy of Belles Lettres, p. 457.—Trans.

955.

They that are curious to make deeper researches into this matter, may read the dissertations of Abbé Banier and M. Freret upon the Assyrian empire, in the Memoirs of the Academy of Belles Lettres; for the first, see tome 3, and for the other, tome 5; as also what Father Tournemine has written upon this subject in his edition of Menochius.—Trans.

956.

Porphyr. apud Simplic. in l. ii. de cœlo.

957.

Here I depart from the opinion of Archbishop Usher, my ordinary guide, with respect to the duration of the Assyrian empire, which he supposes, with Herodotus, to have lasted but 520 years; but the time when Nimrod lived and Sardanapalus died I take from him.—Trans.

958.

Belus or Baal signifies Lord.—Trans.

959.

Gen. x. 9.

960.

Lib. ii. p. 90.

961.

Ibid.

962.

Gen. x. 10.

963.

Semiramis eam condiderat, vel, ut plerique tradidere, Belus, enjus regia ostenditar. Q. Curt. l. v. c. 1.—Trans.

964.

Gen. xi. 4.

965.

Hist. Jud. l. i. c. 4.

966.

Lib. i. c. 181.

967.

Gen. x. 11.

968.

Mic. v. 6.

969.

Gen. x. 11, 12.

970.

Diod. l. ii. p. 90.

971.

Fecerunt civitates duas amores duo: terrenam scilicet amor sui usque ad contemptum Dei; cœlestem verò amor Dei usque ad contemptum sui. S. Aug. de Civ. Dei, l. xiv. c. 28.—Trans.

972.

Diod. l. ii. p. 90-95.

973.

Diodorus says it was on the bank of the Euphrates, and speaks of it as if it was so, in many places; but he is mistaken.—Trans.

974.

Jon. iii. 3.

975.

It is hard to believe that Diodorus does not speak of the extent of Nineveh with some exaggeration; therefore some learned men have reduced the stadium to little more than one half, and reckon fifteen of them to the Roman mile instead of eight, the usual computation.—Trans.

976.

Plut. in Mor. p. 753.

977.

Diod. l. ii. p. 95.

978.

We are not to wonder, if we find the founding of a city ascribed to different persons. It is common, even among the profane writers, to say, Such a prince built such a city, whether he was the person that first founded it, or that only embellished or enlarged it.—Trans.

979.

Herod. l. i. c. 178, 180. Diod. l. ii. p. 95, 96. Q. Curt. l. v. c. 1.

980.

I relate things as I find them in the ancient authors, which Dean Prideaux has also done; but I cannot help believing that great abatements are to be made in what they say as to the immense extent of Babylon and Nineveh.—Trans.

981.

Isa. xlv. 2.

982.

Quint. Curt. l. v. c. 1.

983.

Herod. l. i. c. 180 and 186. Diod. l. ii. p. 96.

984.

Diodorus says, this bridge was five furlongs in length, which can hardly be true, since the Euphrates was but one furlong broad. Strab. l. xvi. p 738.—Trans.

985.

Strab. l. xvi. p. 740. Plin. l. v. c. 26.

986.

Abyd. ap Eus. Prœp. Evang. l. ix.

987.

Abyd. ib. Herod. l. i. c. 185.

988.

The author follows Herodotus, who makes it four hundred and twenty furlongs, or fifty-two miles square; but I choose to follow Dean Prideaux, who prefers the account of Megasthenes.—Trans.

989.

Diod. l. ii. p. 96, 97.

990.

Ibid. p. 98, 99. Strab. l. xvi. p. 738. Quint. Curt. l. v. c. 1.

991.

Beros. ap. Jos. cont. App. l. i. c. 6.

992.

Herod. l. i. c. 181. Diod. l. ii. p. 98. Strab. l. xvi. p. 738.

993.

Phal part. 1 l. i. c. 9.

994.

Herod. l. i. c. 183. Strab. l. xvi. p. 738. Arrian, l. vii. p. 480.

995.

Diod. l. ii. p. 100-108.

996.

Val. Max. l. ix. c. 3.

997.

Indus.—Trans.

998.

Vol. iii. p. 343, &c.

999.

Lib. i. c. 2.

1000.

Lib. v. de Rep. 451-457.

1001.

Ἐπείτερ ἀρετὴν ἀντὶ ἱματίων ἁμφιέσονται.

1002.

De cura rei fam. l. i. c. 3.

1003.

De administr. dom. p. 839.

1004.

Diod. l. ii. p. 108.

1005.

De Leg. l. iii. p 685.

1006.

2 Kings xv. 19.

1007.

Diod. l. ii. p. 109-115. Athen. l. xii. p. 529, 530. Just. l. i. c. 3.

1008.

Κεῖν᾽ ἔχω ὅσσ᾽ ἔφαγον, καὶ ἐφύβρισα, καὶ μετ᾽ ἔρωτος Τέρπν᾽ ἔπαθον; τὰ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ ὄλβια πάντα λέλειπται. Quid aliud, inquit Aristoteles, in bovis, non in regis sepulchro, inscriberes? Hæc habere se mortuum dicit, quæ ne vivus quidem diutiùs habebat, quàm fruebatur. Cic. Tusc. Quæst. l. v. n. 101.—Trans.

1009.

Two miles and a half.—Trans.

1010.

About fourteen hundred millions sterling.—Trans.

1011.

Pag. 335, 336.

1012.

Ἔσθις, πῖνε, ἀφροδισίαζε; τ᾽ ἄλλα δὲ ἐδέν.

1013.

2 Kings xx. 12.

1014.

Ibid.

1015.

Can. Ptol.

1016.

Lib. xii. hist. anim. c. 21. Castor apud Euseb. Chron. p. 49.

1017.

2 Kings xvi. 7, &c.

1018.

Is. viii. 4. Am. i. 5.

1019.

2 Kings xvii.

1020.

Tob. 1.

1021.

Is. xx. 1. 2 Kings xviii. and xix.

1022.

2 Kings xix. 9.

1023.

2 Kings xx. 2 Chron. xxxii. 24-31

1024.

2 Kings xix. 35-57.

1025.

Tobit i. 18-24

1026.

2 Kings xix. 37.

1027.

Can. Ptol.

1028.

Is. vii. 8.

1029.

2 Chron. xxxiii. 11, 13.

1030.

2 Kings xvii. 25-41.

1031.

Tobit xiv. 5-13.

1032.

Judith i. 5, 6.

1033.

Alex. Polyhist.

1034.

Pag. 70.

1035.

Beros. apud Joseph. Antiq. l. x. c. 11. & con. Ap. l. i.

1036.

Jer. xlvi. 2. 2 Kings xxiv. 7.

1037.

Dan. i. 1-7. 2 Chron. xxxvi. 6, 7.

1038.

Some imagine him to have been eighteen years of age at this time.—Trans.

1039.

Can. Ptol. Beros. apud Joseph. Antiq. l. x. c. 11. & con. Ap. l. x.

1040.

Dan. ii.

1041.

2 Kings xxiv. 1, 2.

1042.

Al. Jehoiakim. 2 Kings xxiv. 6-18.—Trans.

1043.

2 Kings xxiv. 17-20. and xxv. 1-10.

1044.

Dan. iii.

1045.

Ninety feet.—Trans.

1046.

Ezek. xxvi. and xxvii. Is. xxiii. 8. Just. l. xviii. c. 3.

1047.

Is. xxiii. 12.

1048.

Jos. Ant. l. x. c. 11 & con. Ap. l. i.

1049.

Ezek. xxix. 18, 19.

1050.

Ibid. 18-20.

1051.

Page 84.

1052.

Antiq. l. x. 11.

1053.

Dan. iv.

1054.

2 Kings xxv. 27-30.

1055.

Beros. Megasthen.

1056.

Cyrop. l. i.

1057.

Jer. xxvii. 7.

1058.

Herod. l. i. c. 185, &c.

1059.

Dan. vii.

1060.

Ibid. viii.

1061.

Ibid. v.

1062.

Herod. l. i. c. 95.

1063.

Rom. xiii. 1, 2.

1064.

Herod. l. i. c. 96-101.

1065.

major ex [pg 356] longinquo reverentia, Tacit.

1066.

Herod. c. 102.

1067.

He is called so by Eusebius, Chron. Græc and by Geor. Syncel.—Trans.

1068.

Judith, i. 1.

1069.

Ἐπωκοδόμησε ἐπὶ Ἐκβατάνοις. Judith, text Gr.

1070.

Herod. l. i. c. 102.

1071.

The Greek text places these embassies before the battle.—Trans.

1072.

Herod. l. i. c. 103-106.

1073.

Herod. l. i. c. 74.

1074.

In Herodotus he is called Labynetus.—Trans.

1075.

Herod. l. i. c. 106.

1076.

Nahum iii. 1.

1077.

ii. 1, 2.

1078.

iii. 2, 3.

1079.

ii. 3, 4.

1080.

i. 2, 5, 6.

1081.

Nahum, iii. 5.

1082.

ii. 9, 10.

1083.

The author in this place renders it, Her temple is destroyed to the foundations. But I have chosen to follow our English Bible, though in the Latin it is camplum.—Trans.

1084.

ii. 6.

1085.

iii. 3.

1086.

ii. 11, 12.

1087.

This is a noble image of the cruel avarice of the Assyrian kings, who pillaged and plundered all their neighbouring nations, especially Judea, and carried away the spoils of them to Nineveh.—Trans.

1088.

Zephan. ii. 13-15.

1089.

Herod. l. i. c. 7-13.

1090.

Non contentus voluptatum suarum tacitâ conscientiâ—proisus quasi silentium damnum pulchritudinis esset. Justin, l. i. c. 7.—Trans.

1091.

Nostro quidem more cum parentibus puberes filii, cum soceris generi, non lavantur. Retinenda est igitur hujus generis verecundia, præsertim naturâ ipsâ magistrâ et duce. Cic. l. i. de offic. n. 129. Nadare se nefas esse credebatur. Val. Max. l. ii. c. 1.—Trans.

1092.

Plato de Rep. l. ii. p. 359.

1093.

Hunc ipsum annulum si habeat sapiens, nihilo plus sibi licere putet peccare, quàm si non haberet. Honesta enim bonis viris, non occulta quæruntur. Lib. iii, de offic. n. 38.—Trans.

1094.

Herod. l. i. c. 13, 14.

1095.

Ibid. l. i. c. 15.

1096.

Herod. l. i. c. 16, 22.

1097.

Ibid. c. 21, 22.

1098.

Strab. l. xiii. p. 625. & l. xiv. p. 680.

1099.

Herod. l. i. c. 26-28.

1100.

Ibid. l. i. c. 29-33. Plut. in Sol. p. 93, 94.

1101.

Φιλαδελφοὺς καὶ φιλομήτορας διαφερόντως ἄνδρας.—Trans.

1102.

The fatigue of drawing the chariot might be the cause of it.—Trans.

1103.

Λυπήσας μὲν, οὐ νουθετήσας δὲ τὸν Κροίσον.—Trans.

1104.

Ὦ Σόλων (ἔφη) τοῖς βασιλεῦσι δεῖ ὡς ἥκιστα ἤ ὡς ἥδιστα ὁμιλεῖν. Καὶ ό Σόλων, Μὴ Δί (εἶπεν) ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἥκιστα ἥ ὡς ἄριστα. The jingle of the words ὡς ἥκιστα ἥ ὡς ἄριστα, which is a beauty in the original, because it is founded in the sense, cannot be rendered into any other language.—Trans.

1105.

Plenas aures adulationibus aliquando vera vox intret: da consilium utile. Quæris, quid felici præstare possis? Effice, ne felicitati suæ credat. Parum in illum contuleris, si illi semel stultam fiduciam permansuræ semper potentiæ excusseris, docuerisque mobilia esse quæ dedit casus; ac sæpe inter fortunam maximam et ultimam nihil interesse. Sen. de benef. l. vi. c. 33.—Trans.

1106.

Herod. l. i. c. 34-45.

1107.

Ibid. 46-50.

1108.

Herod. l. i. c. 71.