Chapter I · THE OLD AND THE NEW
Reading edition
SECTION 1. The World
On economic changes see bibliography to chapter xi; on exploration, chapter ix; on universities, chapter xiii, 3. On printing:
J. Janssen: A History of the German People from the Close of the Middle Ages, transl. by M. A. Mitchell and A. M. Christie. 2d English ed. 16 volumes. 1905-10.
A. W. Pollard: Fine Books. 1912.
T. L. De Vinne: The Invention of Printing. 1878.
Veroeffentlichungen der Gutenberg-Gesellschaft. 1901 ff.
H. Meisner und J. Luther: Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. 1900.
Article "Typography" in Encyclopedia Britannica. (The author defends the now untenable thesis that printing originated in Holland, though the numerous and valuable data given by himself point clearly to Mayence as the cradle of the art).
SECTIONS 2 and 3. The Church, Causes of the Reformation
SOURCES.
C. Mirbt: Quellen sur Geschichte des Papsttums und der roemischen Katholizismus.[3] 1911. (Convenient and scholarly; indispensable to any one who has not a large library at command).
The Missal, compiled from the Missale Romanum. 1913.
The Priest's New Ritual, compiled by P. Griffith. 1902. (The rites of the Roman Church, except the Mass, partly in Latin, partly in English).
The Catechism of the Council of Trent, translated into English by J. Donovan. 1829.
Corpus Juris Canonici, post curas A. L. Richteri instruxit Aemilius Friedberg. 2 vols. 1879-81.
Codex Juris Canonici, Pii X jussu digestus, Benedicti XV auctoritate promulgatus. 1918.
Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologiae. Many editions; the best, with a commentary by Cardinal Cajetan (1469-1534) in Opera Omnia, iussu impensaque Leonis XIII PP. vols. 4-10. 1882 ff.
The Summa theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. 1911 ff. (In course of publication, as yet, 6 vols).
Von der Hardt: Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium. 6 vols. 1700.
D. Mansi: Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio. Vols. 27-32. Venice. 1784 ff. (Identical reprint, Paris, 1902).
Most of the best literature of the 14th and 15th centuries, e.g., the works of Chaucer, Langland, Boccaccio and Petrach [Transcriber's note: Petrarch?].
Special works of ecclesiastical writers, humanists, nationalists and heretics quoted below.
V. Hasak: Der christliche Glaube des deutschen Volkes beim Schlusse des Mittelalters. 1868. (A collection of works of popular edification prior to Luther).
G. Berbig: "Die erste kursaechsische Visitation im Ortland Franken." Archiv fuer Reformationsgeschichte, iii. 336-402; iv. 370-408. 1905-6.
TREATISES.
E. Friedberg: Lehrbuch des katholischen und evangelischen Kirchenrechts.[5] Leipzig. 1903.
L. Pastor: History of the Popes from the close of the Middle Ages. English translation,[2] vols. 1-6 edited by Antrobus, vols. 7-12 edited by R. Kerr. 1899 ff. (Exhaustive, brilliantly written, Catholic, a little one-sided).
Mandel Creighton: A History of the Papacy 1378-1527. 6 vols. 1892 ff. (Good, but in large part superseded by Pastor).
F. Gregorovius: A History of Rome in the Middle Ages, translated by A. Hamilton. vols 7 and 8. 1900. (Brilliant).
Schaff's History of the Christian Church. Vol. 5, part 2. The Middle Ages. 1294-1517, by D. S. Schaff. 1910. (A scholarly summary, warmly Protestant).
J. Schnitzer: Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Savonarolas. 3 vols. 1902-4.
J. Schnitzer: Savonarola im Streite mit seinem Orden und seinem Kloster. 1914.
H. Lucas: Fra Girolamo Savonarola.[2] 1906.
H. C. Lea: An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy.[3] 2 vols. 1907. (Lea's valuable works evince a marvelously wide reading in the sources, but are slightly marred by an insufficient use of modern scholarship).
H. C. Lea: A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church. 3 vols. 1896.
Aloys Schulte: Die Fugger in Rom, 1495-1523. 2 vols. Leipzig. 1904. (Describes the financial methods of the church. The second volume consists of documents).
E. Rodocanachi: Rome au temps de Jules II et de Leon X. 1912.
H. Boehmer: Luthers Romfahrt. 1914. (The latter part of this work gives a dark picture of the corruption of Rome at the beginning of the 16th century).
SECTION 4. The Mystics
SOURCES.
W. R. Inge: Life, Light and Love. 1904. (Selections from Eckart, Tauler, Suso, Ruysbroeck, etc.).
H. Denifle: "M. Eckeharts lateinische Schriften und die Grundanschauung seiner Lehre." Archiv fuer Literaturund Sprachgeschichte. ii. 416-652.
Meister Eckeharts Schriften und Predigten aus dem Mittelhochdeutschen uebersetzt von H. Buttner. 2 vols. 1912.
H. Seuses Deutsche Schriften uebertragen von W. Lehmann. 2 vols. 1914.
J. Taulers Predigten, uebertragen von W. Lehmann. 2 vols. 1914.
Thomas a Kempis: imitatio Christi. (So many editions and translations of this celebrated work that it is hardly necessary to specify one).
The German Theology, translated by Susannah Winkworth. 1854.
TREATISES.
Kuno Francke: "Medieval German Mysticism." Harvard Theological Review, Jan., 1912.
G. Siedel: Die Mystik Taulers. 1911.
M. Windstosser: Etude sur la 'Theologie germanique.' 1912.
W. Preger: Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter. 3 vols. 1874-93.
History and Life of the Rev. John Tauler, with 25 sermons, translated by Susannah Winkworth. 1858.
M. Maeterlinck: Ruysbroeck and the Mystics, with selections from Ruysbroeck, translated by J. T. Stoddard. 1894.
J. E. G. de Montmorency: Thomas a Kempis, his Age and his Book. 1906.
A. R. Burr: Religious Confessions and Confessants. 1914. (The best psychological study of mysticism).
SECTION 5. Pre-Reformers
SOURCES.
J. Wyclif's Select English Works, ed. by T. Arnold. 1869-71. 3 vols.
J. Wyclif's English Works hitherto unprinted, ed. F. Matthew. 1880.
F. Palacky: Documenta Magistri J. Hus. 1869.
The Letters of John Huss, translated by H. B. Workman and R. M. Pope. 1904.
Wyclif's Latin Works have been edited in many volumes by the Wyclif Society of London, the last volume being the Opera minora, 1913.
John Huss: The Church, translated by D. S. Schaff. 1915.
TREATISES.
H. C. Lea: A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages. 3 vols. 1888.
G. M. Trevelyan: England in the Age of Wyclif[2]. 1899.
F. A. Gasquet: The Eve of the Reformation[2]. 1905.
F. Palacky: Geschichte von Boehmen.[3] 1864 ff. 5 vols.
J. H. Wylie: The Council of Constance to the Death of John Hus. 1900.
H. B. Workman: The Dawn of the Reformation. The Age of Hus. 1902.
Count F. Luetzow: The Hussite Wars. 1914.
Count F. Luetzow: The Life and Times of Master John Hus. 1909.
D. S. Schaff: The Life of John Hus. 1915.
SECTION 6. Nationalizing the Churches
Most of the bibliography in this chapter is given below, in the chapters on Germany, England and France.
Freher et Struvius. Rerum German icarum Scriptores. (1717.) pp. 676-1704: "Gravamina Germanicae Nationis . . . ad Caesarem Maximilianum contra Sedem Romanam."
C. G. F. Walch: Monumenta medii aevi. (1757.) pp. 101-110. "Gravamina nationis Germanicae adversus curiam Romanam, tempore Nicolai V Papae."
B. Gebhardt: Die Gravamina der deutschen Nation gegen den roemischen Hof. 1895.
Documents illustrative of English Church History, compiled by Henry Gee and W. J. Hardy. 1896.
A. Werminghoff: Geschichte der Kirchenverfassung Deutschlands im Mittelalter. Band I.[2] 1913.
A. Stoermann: Die Staedtischen Gravamina gegen den Klerus. 1916.
SECTION 7. The Humanists
SOURCES.
The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. Ralph Robinson's translation, with Roper's Life of More and some of his letters. Edited by G. Sampson and A. Guthkelch. With Latin Text of the Utopia. 1910. (Bohn's Libraries).
Der Briefwechsel des Mutianus Rufus, bearbeitet von C. Krause. 1885.
J. Reuchlins Briefwechsel, hg. von L. Geiger. 1875.
E. Boecking: Hutteni Opera. 1859-66. 5 vols.
Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum: The Latin Text with an English translation, Notes and an Historical Introduction by F. G. Stokes. 1909.
Des. Erasmi Roterodami Opera Omnia, curavit J. Clericus. 1703-6. 10 vols.
Des. Erasmi Roterodami Opus Epistolarum, ed. P. S. Allen. 1906 ff. (A wonderful edition of the letters, in course of publication. As yet 3 vols).
The Colloquies of Des. Erasmus, translated by N. Bailey, ed. by E. Johnson. 1900. 3 vols.
The Praise of Folly. Written by Erasmus 1509 and translated by John Wilson 1668, edited by Mrs. P. S. Allen. 1913.
The Epistles of Erasmus, translated by F. M. Nichols. 1901-18. 3 vols. (To 1519).
The Ship of Fools, translated by Alexander Barclay. 2 vols. 1874. (Sebastian Brandt's Narrenschiff in the old translation).
TREATISES.
P. Monnier: Le Quattrocento. 2 vols. 1908. (Work of a high order).
L. Geiger: Renaissance und Humanismus in Italien und Deutschland. 1882. (In Oncken's Series). 2d ed. 1899.
J. Burckhardt: Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien. 20. Auflage von L. Geiger. Berlin. 1919. (Almost a classic).
P. Villari: Niccolo Machiavelli and His Times, translated by Mrs. Villari[2]. 4 vols. 1891.
W. H. Hutten: Sir Thomas More. 1900.
J. A. Froude: The Life and Letters of Erasmus. London. 1895. (Charmingly written, but marred by gross carelessness).
E. Emerton: Erasmus. New York. 1900.
G. V. Jourdan: The Movement towards Catholic Reform in the early XVI Century. 1914.
A. Humbert: Les Origines de la Theologie moderne. Paris. 1911. (Brilliant).
A. Renaudet: Prereforme et Humanisme a Paris 1494-1517. 1916.