$NA (continued 24)

Thailand chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) head of government: Prime Minister ABHISIT Wetchachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva (since 17 December 2008); Deputy Prime Minister KORBSAK Saphawasu, also spelled KORBSAK Sabhavasu (since 22 December 2008); Deputy Prime Minister SANAN Kachornprasat, also spelled SANAN Kachornparsart (since 7 February 2008); Deputy Prime Minister SUTHEP Thueaksuban, also spelled SUTHEP Thaugsuban (since 22 December 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers note: there is also a Privy Council advising the king elections: monarch is hereditary; according to 2007 constitution, prime minister is elected from among members of House of Representatives; following national elections for House of Representatives, leader of party that could organize a majority coalition usually was appointed prime minister by king; prime minister is limited to two 4-year terms

Timor-Leste chief of state: President Jose RAMOS-HORTA (since 20 May 2007); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections head of government: Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 8 August 2007), note - he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO; Vice Prime Minister Mario Viegas CARRASCALAO (since 5 March 2009); Vice Prime Minister Jose Luis GUTERRES (since 8 August 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 April 2007 with run-off on 8 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2012); following elections, president appoints leader of majority party or majority coalition as prime minister election results: Jose RAMOS-HORTA elected president; percent of vote - Jose RAMOS-HORTA 69.2%, Francisco GUTTERES 30.8%

Togo chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, with the support of the military; following international condemnation for the unconstitutional move he then stepped aside pending elections, and Abass BONFOH served as interim president; Faure GNASSINGBE later won popular elections in April 2005 head of government: Prime Minister Gilbert HOUNGBO (since 7 September 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held in April 2010); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%

Tokelau chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006) head of government: Foua TOLOA (since 21 February 2009); note - position rotates annually among the 3 Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors), functions as a cabinet elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term

Tonga chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including 2 each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and 2 governors elections: the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch

Trinidad and Tobago chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 February 2008 (next to be held by February 2013); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA

Tunisia chief of state: President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a fifth term; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI 89.6%, Mohamed BOUCHIHA 5%, Ahmed INOUBLI 3.8%, Ahmed BRAHIM 1.6%; voter turnout 89.4%

Turkey chief of state: President Abdullah GUL (since 28 August 2007) head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 14 March 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Cemil CICEK (since 29 August 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Ali BABACAN (since 1 May 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Bulent ARINC (since 1 May 2009) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister elections: president elected directly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament election results: on 28 August 2007 the National Assembly elected Abdullah GUL president on the third ballot; National Assembly vote - 339 note: in October 2007 Turkish voters approved a referendum package of constitutional amendments including a provision for direct presidential elections

Turkmenistan chief of state: President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 11 February 2007 (next to be held in February 2012) election results: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW elected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 89.2%, Amanyaz ATAJYKOW 3.2%, other candidates 7.6%

Turks and Caicos Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 5 August 2008) head of government: Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 14 August 2009); note - the office of premier is suspended by the Order in Council, effective 14 August 2009 cabinet: under provisions of the Order in Council, the cabinet is suspended effective 14 August 2009 and replaced by an Advisory Council appointed by the governor elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch note: following an investigation into allegations of widespread corruption and misconduct within the Turks and Caicos Government, the UK foreign minister directed the governor to bring into effect on 14 August 2009 an Order in Council suspending Ministerial government and the House of Assembly, and imposing direct rule for a period of up to two years

Tuvalu chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Apisai IELEMIA (since 14 August 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of parliament; election last held 14 August 2006 (next to be held following parliamentary elections in 2010) election results: Apisai IELEMIA elected prime minister in a parliamentary election on 14 August 2006

Uganda chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Apolo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in February 2011) election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 59.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 37.4%, other 3.3%

Ukraine chief of state: President Viktor A. YUSHCHENKO (since 23 January 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (since 18 December 2007); First Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr TURCHYNOV (since 18 December 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Hryhoriy NEMYRYA and Ivan VASYUNYK (since 18 December 2007) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers selected by the prime minister; the only exceptions are the foreign and defense ministers, who are chosen by the president note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Secretariat helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a special repeat runoff presidential election between Viktor YUSHCHENKO and Viktor YANUKOVYCH took place on 26 December 2004 after the earlier 21 November 2004 contest - won by YANUKOVYCH - was invalidated by the Ukrainian Supreme Court because of widespread and significant violations; under constitutional reforms that went into effect 1 January 2006, the majority in parliament takes the lead in naming the prime minister election results: Viktor YUSHCHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Viktor YUSHCHENKO 52%, Viktor YANUKOVYCH 44.2%

United Arab Emirates chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) and HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term limits) from among the seven FSC members; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan al Nuhayyan (next to be held in 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of his brother Sheikh Maktum bin Rashid al-Maktum

United Kingdom chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) head of government: Prime Minister James Gordon BROWN (since 27 June 2007) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister

United States chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph BIDEN (since 20 January 2009) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 4 November 2008 (next to be held on 6 November 2012) election results: Barack H. OBAMA elected president; percent of popular vote - Barack H. OBAMA 52.4%, John MCCAIN 46.3%, other 1.3%;

Uruguay chief of state: President Tabare VAZQUEZ Rosas (since 1 March 2005); Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVOA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Tabare VAZQUEZ Rosas (since 1 March 2005); Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVOA (since 1 March 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 25 October 2009, with a runoff election scheduled for 29 November 2009 (next to be held in October 2014) election results: Jose MUJICA wins first round; percent of vote - Jose MUJICA 48.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE 29.2%, Pedro BORDABERRY 17%; other 5.3%; note - a runoff election will be held on 29 November 2009

Uzbekistan chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet) head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 23 December 2007 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Asliddin RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom T0SHMUHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%

Vanuatu chief of state: President Iolu Johnson ABIL (since 3 September 2009) head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012) election results: Iolu Johnson ABIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009

Venezuela chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ Rengifo (since 4 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ Rengifo (since 4 January 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2012) note: in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of this constitution election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of vote - Hugo CHAVEZ Frias 62.9%, Manuel ROSALES 36.9%

Vietnam chief of state: President Nguyen Minh TRIET (since 27 June 2006); Vice President Nguyen Thi DOAN (since 25 July 2007) head of government: Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 27 June 2006); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Sinh HUNG (since 28 June 2006), Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung HAI (since 2 August 2007), Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Thien NHAN (since 2 August 2007), Deputy Prime Minister Pham Gia KHIEM (since 28 June 2006), and Deputy Prime Minister Truong Vinh TRONG (since 28 June 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president based on proposal of prime minister and confirmed by National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for five-year term; last held 27 June 2006 (next to be held in 2011); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister; appointment of prime minister and deputy prime ministers confirmed by National Assembly election results: Nguyen Minh TRIET elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 94%; Nguyen Tan DUNG elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - 92%

Virgin Islands chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009) head of government: Governor John DeJONGH (since 1 January 2007) cabinet: NA elections: under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as the Virgin Islands, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in the Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 and 21 November 2006 (next to be held November 2010) election results: John DeJONGH elected governor; percent of vote - John DeJONGH 57.3%, Kenneth MAPP 42.7%

Wallis and Futuna chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by High Administrator Philippe PAOLANTONI (since 28 July 2008) head of government: President of the Territorial Assembly Pesamino TAPUTAI (since 11 April 2007) cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of 3 kings and 3 members appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly note: there are 3 traditional kings with limited powers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high administrator appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly

Western Sahara none

Yemen chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Ali Muhammad MUJAWWAR (since 31 March 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 20 September 2006 (next to be held in September 2013); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 77.2%, Faysal BIN SHAMLAN 21.8%

Zambia chief of state: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note - President BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual death of President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then elected president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 October 2008 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president; note - due to the death of former President Levy MWANAWASA, early elections were held to identify a replacement to serve out the remainder of his term election results: Rupiah BANDA elected president; percent of vote - Rupiah BANDA 40.1%, Michael SATA 38.1%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 19.7%, Godfrey MIYANDA 0.8%, other 1.3%

Zimbabwe chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned

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@2078

Field Listing :: Exports

This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Country Comparison to the World Country

Exports

Afghanistan $327 million (2007) $274 million (2006); note - not including illicit exports or reexports

Albania $1.345 billion (2008 est.) $1.076 billion (2007 est.)

Algeria $78.23 billion (2008 est.) $60.6 billion (2007 est.)

American Samoa $445.6 million (FY04 est.)

Andorra $117.1 million (2007) $148.7 million (2005)

Angola $66.3 billion (2008 est.) $44.4 billion (2007 est.)

Anguilla $13 million (2006)

Antigua and Barbuda $84.3 million (2007 est.)

Argentina $70.02 billion (2008 est.) $55.78 billion (2007 est.)

Armenia $1.124 billion (2008 est.) $1.197 billion (2007 est.)

Aruba $124 million (2006); note - includes oil reexports

Australia $189.9 billion (2008 est.) $142.4 billion (2007 est.)

Austria $179.1 billion (2008 est.) $162.1 billion (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $30.59 billion (2008 est.) $21.27 billion (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The $674 million (2006)

Bahrain $17.49 billion (2008 est.) $13.79 billion (2007 est.)

Bangladesh $15.44 billion (2008 est.) $12.47 billion (2007 est.)

Barbados $385 million (2006)

Belarus $33.04 billion (2008 est.) $24.33 billion (2007 est.)

Belgium $371.5 billion (2008 est.) $323.4 billion (2007 est.)

Belize $464.7 million (2008 est.) $425.6 million (2007 est.)

Benin $1.127 billion (2008 est.) $819 million (2007 est.)

Bermuda $763 million (2006)

Bhutan $350 million (2006)

Bolivia $6.448 billion (2008 est.) $4.49 billion (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $5.194 billion (2008 est.) $4.243 billion (2007 est.)

Botswana $4.707 billion (2008 est.) $5.158 billion (2007 est.)

Brazil $197.9 billion (2008 est.) $160.6 billion (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands $25.3 million (2002) $25.3 million (2002)

Brunei $8.25 billion (2007) $6.767 billion (2006)

Bulgaria $22.71 billion (2008 est.) $18.58 billion (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso $544 million (2008 est.) $618 million (2007 est.)

Burma $6.677 billion (2008 est.) $6.17 billion (2007 est.) note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh

Burundi $79 million (2008 est.) $52.9 million (2007 est.)

Cambodia $4.708 billion (2008 est.) $4.089 billion (2007 est.)

Cameroon $4.707 billion (2008 est.) $4.345 billion (2007 est.)

Canada $459.1 billion (2008 est.) $431.2 billion (2007 est.)

Cape Verde $105 million (2008 est.) $76.5 million (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands $2.52 million (2004)

Central African Republic $146.7 million (2007 est.)

Chad $4.342 billion (2008 est.) $3.674 billion (2007 est.)

Chile $66.46 billion (2008 est.) $67.67 billion (2007 est.)

China $1.435 trillion (2008 est.) $1.22 trillion (2007 est.)

Christmas Island $NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA

Colombia $38.53 billion (2008 est.) $30.58 billion (2007 est.)

Comoros $32 million (2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $6.1 billion (2007) $1.587 billion (2006)

Congo, Republic of the $10.85 billion (2008 est.) $5.808 billion (2007 est.)

Cook Islands $5.222 million (2005)

Costa Rica $9.738 billion (2008 est.) $9.266 billion (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $10.09 billion (2008 est.) $8.476 billion (2007 est.)

Croatia $14.36 billion (2008 est.) $12.62 billion (2007 est.)

Cuba $3.68 billion (2008 est.) $3.701 billion (2007 est.)

Cyprus $1.906 billion (2008 est.) $1.483 billion (2007 est.)

Czech Republic $145.7 billion (2008 est.) $122.7 billion (2007 est.)

Denmark $114.9 billion (2008 est.) $100.5 billion (2007 est.)

Djibouti $340 million (2006)

Dominica $94 million (2006)

Dominican Republic $6.95 billion (2008 est.) $7.16 billion (2007 est.)

Ecuador $19.15 billion (2008 est.) $14.87 billion (2007 est.)

Egypt $29.85 billion (2008 est.) $24.45 billion (2007 est.)

El Salvador $4.611 billion (2008 est.) $4.035 billion (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $13.03 billion (2008 est.) $10.25 billion (2007 est.)

Eritrea $13 million (2008 est.) $12 million (2007 est.)

Estonia $12.63 billion (2008 est.) $11.08 billion (2007 est.)

Ethiopia $1.555 billion (2008 est.) $1.285 billion (2007 est.)

European Union $1.952 trillion (2007) $1.33 trillion (2005) note: external exports, excluding intra-EU trade

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $125 million (2004 est.)

Faroe Islands $634 million (2006)

Fiji $1.202 billion (2006)

Finland $96.62 billion (2008 est.) $90.2 billion (2007 est.)

France $601.9 billion (2008 est.) $546 billion (2007 est.)

French Polynesia $211 million (2005 est.)

Gabon $9.333 billion (2008 est.) $7.046 billion (2007 est.)

Gambia, The $85 million (2008 est.) $91.4 million (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip $339 million (2006)

Georgia $2.428 billion (2008 est.) $2.088 billion (2007 est.)

Germany $1.498 trillion (2008 est.) $1.35 trillion (2007 est.)

Ghana $5.275 billion (2008 est.) $4.172 billion (2007 est.)

Gibraltar $271 million (2004 est.)

Greece $29.14 billion (2008 est.) $23.91 billion (2007 est.)

Greenland $480 million (2006)

Grenada $38 million (2006)

Guam $45 million (2004 est.)

Guatemala $7.848 billion (2008 est.) $7.012 billion (2007 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $1.392 billion (2008 est.) $1.203 billion (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $133 million (2006)

Guyana $797 million (2008 est.) $674.9 million (2007 est.)

Haiti $490 million (2008 est.) $522 million (2007 est.)

Honduras $6.046 billion (2008 est.) $5.642 billion (2007 est.)

Hong Kong $365.2 billion (2008 est.) $345.9 billion (2007 est.)

Hungary $106.6 billion (2008 est.) $93.86 billion (2007 est.)

Iceland $5.399 billion (2008 est.) $4.793 billion (2007 est.)

India $187.9 billion (2008 est.) $150.7 billion (2007 est.)

Indonesia $139.3 billion (2008 est.) $118 billion (2007 est.)

Iran $98.42 billion (2008 est.) $97.4 billion (2007 est.)

Iraq $58.81 billion (2008 est.) $36.08 billion (2007 est.)

Ireland $119.8 billion (2008 est.) $115.5 billion (2007 est.)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $57.16 billion (2008 est.) $50.07 billion (2007 est.)

Italy $546.9 billion (2008 est.) $502.4 billion (2007 est.)

Jamaica $2.602 billion (2008 est.) $2.226 billion (2007 est.)

Japan $746.5 billion (2008 est.) $678.1 billion (2007 est.)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $7.782 billion (2008 est.) $5.7 billion (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $71.97 billion (2008 est.) $48.35 billion (2007 est.)

Kenya $5.04 billion (2008 est.) $4.123 billion (2007 est.)

Kiribati $17 million (2004 est.)

Korea, North $1.684 billion (2007)

Korea, South $433.5 billion (2008 est.) $379 billion (2007 est.)

Kosovo $527 million

Kuwait $86.94 billion (2008 est.) $63.68 billion (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $1.847 billion (2008 est.) $1.337 billion (2007 est.)

Laos $1.163 billion (2008 est.) $922.7 million (2007 est.)

Latvia $9.634 billion (2008 est.) $8.227 billion (2007 est.)

Lebanon $5.023 billion (2008 est.) $4.077 billion (2007 est.)

Lesotho $956 million (2008 est.) $805 million (2007 est.)

Liberia $1.197 billion (2006)

Libya $64.5 billion (2008 est.) $46.97 billion (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein $2.47 billion

Lithuania $23.74 billion (2008 est.) $17.16 billion (2007 est.)

Luxembourg $21.43 billion (2008 est.) $18.26 billion (2007 est.)

Macau $2 billion (2008 est.) $2.557 billion (2006 est.); note - includes reexports

Macedonia $3.971 billion (2008 est.) $3.35 billion (2007 est.)

Madagascar $1.254 billion (2008 est.) $1.095 billion (2007 est.)

Malawi $830 million (2008 est.) $721 million (2007 est.)

Malaysia $198.7 billion (2008 est.) $176.4 billion (2007 est.)

Maldives $113 million (2008 est.) $167 million (2006 est.)

Mali $294 million (2006)

Malta $3.06 billion (2008 est.) $3.305 billion (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands $19.4 million (2008 est.) $9.1 million (2000 est.)

Mauritania $1.395 billion (2006)

Mauritius $2.4 billion (2008 est.) $2.231 billion (2007 est.)

Mayotte $6.5 million (2005)

Mexico $291.3 billion (2008 est.) $271.9 billion (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $14 million (2004 est.)

Moldova $1.641 billion (2008 est.) $1.368 billion (2007 est.)

Monaco $716.3 million (2005) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $2.539 billion (2008) $1.889 billion (2007)

Montenegro $171.3 million (2003)

Montserrat $700,000 (2001)

Morocco $20.17 billion (2008 est.) $15.15 billion (2007 est.)

Mozambique $2.653 billion (2008 est.) $2.412 billion (2007 est.)

Namibia $3.167 billion (2008 est.) $2.922 billion (2007 est.)

Nauru $64,000 (2005 est.)

Nepal $868 million (2008) $830 million (2006)

Netherlands $531.7 billion (2008 est.) $461 billion (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $3.71 billion (2006)

New Caledonia $1.341 billion (2006)

New Zealand $31.19 billion (2008 est.) $27.29 billion (2007 est.)

Nicaragua $2.675 billion (2008 est.) $2.313 billion (2007 est.)

Niger $428 million (2006) $428 million (2006)

Nigeria $76.03 billion (2008 est.) $61.82 billion (2007 est.)

Niue $201,400 (2004)

Norfolk Island $1.5 million (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands $98.2 million (2008)

Norway $173.6 billion (2008 est.) $137.3 billion (2007 est.)

Oman $37.72 billion (2008 est.) $24.72 billion (2007 est.)

Pakistan $21.09 billion (2008 est.) $18.12 billion (2007 est.)

Palau $5.882 million (2004 est.)

Panama $10.29 billion (2008 est.) $9.338 billion (2007 est.) note: includes the Colon Free Zone

Papua New Guinea $5.719 billion (2008 est.) $4.748 billion (2007 est.)

Paraguay $7.769 billion (2008 est.) $5.463 billion (2007 est.)

Peru $31.53 billion (2008 est.) $27.88 billion (2007 est.)

Philippines $48.2 billion (2008 est.) $49.51 billion (2007 est.)

Pitcairn Islands $NA

Poland $178.4 billion (2008 est.) $145.3 billion (2007 est.)

Portugal $56.42 billion (2008 est.) $51.81 billion (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico $46.9 billion (2001)

Qatar $55.73 billion (2008 est.) $42.02 billion (2007 est.)

Romania $49.41 billion (2008 est.) $40.32 billion (2007 est.)

Russia $471.6 billion (2008 est.) $354.4 billion (2007 est.)

Rwanda $210 million (2008 est.) $184 million (2007 est.)

Saint Helena $19 million (2004 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $84 million (2006)

Saint Lucia $288 million (2006)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $5.5 million (2005 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $193 million (2006)

Samoa $131 million (2006)

San Marino $4.628 billion (2007) $1.291 billion (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe $8 million (2008 est.) $7 million (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia $313.4 billion (2008 est.) $234.1 billion (2007 est.)

Senegal $2.053 billion (2008 est.) $1.65 billion (2007 est.)

Serbia $8.824 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles $495 million (2008 est.) $391.7 million (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone $216 million (2006)

Singapore $342.7 billion (2008 est.) $303.1 billion (2007 est.)

Slovakia $72.57 billion (2008 est.) $64.5 billion (2007 est.)

Slovenia $29.61 billion (2008 est.) $27.09 billion (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands $237 million (2006)

Somalia $300 million (2006)

South Africa $86.12 billion (2008 est.) $75.92 billion (2007 est.)

Spain $285.9 billion (2008 est.) $256.7 billion (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka $8.137 billion (2008 est.) $7.741 billion (2007 est.)

Sudan $11.67 billion (2008 est.) $8.879 billion (2007 est.)

Suriname $1.391 billion (2006 est.)

Svalbard $197.6 million

Swaziland $1.756 billion (2008 est.) $1.95 billion (2007 est.)

Sweden $185.9 billion (2008 est.) $170.5 billion (2007 est.)

Switzerland $241.3 billion (2008 est.) $200.5 billion (2007 est.)

Syria $13.97 billion (2008 est.) $11.75 billion (2007 est.)

Taiwan $254.9 billion (2008 est.) $246.5 billion (2007 est.)

Tajikistan $1.575 billion (2008 est.) $1.557 billion (2007 est.)

Tanzania $2.413 billion (2008 est.) $2.227 billion (2007 est.)

Thailand $175.3 billion (2008 est.) $150 billion (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste $10 million (2005 est.); note - excludes oil

Togo $777 million (2008 est.) $702 million (2007 est.)

Tokelau $0 (2002)

Tonga $22 million (2006)

Trinidad and Tobago $15.85 billion (2008 est.) $13.39 billion (2007 est.)

Tunisia $19.22 billion (2008 est.) $15.15 billion (2007 est.)

Turkey $140.7 billion (2008 est.) $115.4 billion (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan $11.92 billion (2008 est.) $7.919 billion (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $169.2 million (2000)

Tuvalu $1 million (2004 est.)

Uganda $2.688 billion (2008 est.) $1.686 billion (2007 est.)

Ukraine $67.72 billion (2008 est.) $49.84 billion (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates $239.2 billion (2008 est.) $170.4 billion (2007 est.)

United Kingdom $466.3 billion (2008 est.) $442 billion (2007 est.)

United States $1.277 trillion (2008 est.) $1.148 trillion (2007 est.)

Uruguay $7.084 billion (2008 est.) $5.043 billion (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan $10.37 billion (2008 est.) $8.026 billion (2007 est.)

Vanuatu $40 million (2006)

Venezuela $93.54 billion (2008 est.) $69.17 billion (2007 est.)

Vietnam $62.69 billion (2008 est.) $48.56 billion (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands $4.234 billion (2001)

Wallis and Futuna $47,450 (2004)

West Bank $339 million (2006) $301 million (2005) note: includes Gaza Strip

Western Sahara $NA

World $16.04 trillion (2008 est.) $13.89 trillion (2007 est.)

Yemen $8.977 billion (2008 est.) $7.05 billion (2007 est.)

Zambia $4.818 billion (2008 est.) $4.594 billion (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.396 billion (2008 est.) $1.467 billion (2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2079

Field Listing :: Debt - external

This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Country Comparison to the World Country

Debt - external

Afghanistan $8 billion (2004)

Albania $1.55 billion (2004)

Algeria $3.753 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.957 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

American Samoa $NA

Andorra $NA

Angola $14.09 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.357 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Anguilla $8.8 million (1998)

Antigua and Barbuda $359.8 million (June 2006)

Argentina $128.2 billion (31 December 2008) $124 billion (31 December 2007)

Armenia $3.449 billion (31 December 2008) $2.909 billion (31 December 2007)

Aruba $478.6 million (2005 est.)

Australia $799.8 billion (31 December 2008) $820.4 billion (31 December 2007)

Austria $832.8 billion (31 December 2008) $801.4 billion (31 December 2007)

Azerbaijan $2.635 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.439 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bahamas, The $342.6 million (2004 est.)

Bahrain $10.33 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.858 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bangladesh $22.83 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $21.23 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Barbados $668 million (2003)

Belarus $15.15 billion (31 December 2008) $12.49 billion (31 December 2007)

Belgium $1.354 trillion (31 December 2008) $1.539 trillion (31 December 2007)

Belize $954.1 million (2008 est.) $1.2 billion (June 2005 est.)

Benin $1.2 billion (2007)

Bermuda $160 million (FY99/00)

Bhutan $713.3 million (2006)

Bolivia $5.931 billion (31 December 2008) $5.385 billion (31 December 2007)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $7.388 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.734 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Botswana $409 million (31 December 2008 est.) $408 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Brazil $262.9 billion (31 December 2008) $240.5 billion (31 December 2007)

British Virgin Islands $36.1 million (1997)

Brunei $0 (2005)

Bulgaria $51.46 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $42.62 billion (31 December 2007)

Burkina Faso $1.665 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.33 billion (2007)

Burma $7.946 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.022 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Burundi $1.2 billion (2003)

Cambodia $4.127 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.89 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cameroon $3.066 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.554 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Canada $781.1 billion (31 December 2008) $806.9 billion (31 December 2007)

Cape Verde $325 million (2002)

Cayman Islands $70 million (1996)

Central African Republic $1.153 billion (2007 est.)

Chad $1.6 billion (2005 est.)

Chile $64.77 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $55.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

China $400.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $363 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Colombia $46.38 billion (31 December 2008) $44.55 billion (31 December 2007)

Comoros $232 million (2000 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $10 billion (2007 est.) $10 billion (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $5 billion (2000 est.)

Cook Islands $141 million (1996 est.)

Costa Rica $9.249 billion (31 December 2008) $8.416 billion (31 December 2007)

Cote d'Ivoire $14.05 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.79 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Croatia $54.79 billion (31 December 2008) $48.93 billion (31 December 2007)

Cuba $19.04 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.79 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cyprus $32.86 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $26.97 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $80.43 billion (31 December 2008) $76.04 billion (31 December 2007)

Denmark $588.8 billion (31 December 2008) $567.4 billion (31 December 2007)

Djibouti $428 million (2006)

Dominica $213 million (2004)

Dominican Republic $11.42 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.21 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ecuador $18.11 billion (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007)

Egypt $32.12 billion (31 December 2008) $32.84 billion (31 December 2007)

El Salvador $10.69 billion (31 December 2008) $9.808 billion (31 December 2007)

Equatorial Guinea $190 million (31 December 2008 est.) $338 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Eritrea $311 million (2000 est.)

Estonia $26.84 billion (31 December 2008) $25.25 billion (31 December 2007)

Ethiopia $3.155 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.621 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA

Faroe Islands $64 million (1999)

Fiji $127 million (2004 est.)

Finland $339.5 billion (31 December 2008) $314.1 billion (31 December 2007)

France $4.935 trillion (31 December 2008) $4.88 trillion (31 December 2007)

French Polynesia $NA

Gabon $2.986 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.895 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gambia, The $628.8 million (2003 est.)

Gaza Strip $1.3 billion (2007 est.)

Georgia $7.711 billion (31 December 2008) $5.343 billion (31 December 2007)

Germany $5.158 trillion (31 December 2008) $5.155 trillion (31 December 2007)

Ghana $5.055 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gibraltar $NA

Greece $504.6 billion (31 December 2008) $454.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Greenland $25 million (1999)

Grenada $347 million (2004)

Guam $NA

Guatemala $6.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.908 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $3.222 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.351 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $941.5 million (2000 est.)

Guyana $804.3 million (30 September 2008) $1.2 billion (2002)

Haiti $1.817 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.475 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Honduras $3.209 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.411 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $659.9 billion (31 December 2008) $711.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Hungary $212.1 billion (31 December 2008) $167.7 billion (31 December 2007)

Iceland $3.073 billion (2002)

India $229.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $206 billion (31 December 2007)

Indonesia $155.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $141.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Iran $21.06 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $20.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iraq $67.74 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $100.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland $2.356 trillion (31 December 2008) $2.263 trillion (31 December 2007)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $86.08 billion (31 December 2008) $89.58 billion (31 December 2007)

Italy $2.328 trillion (31 December 2008) $2.5 trillion (31 December 2007)

Jamaica $10.65 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.657 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $2.231 trillion (31 December 2008) $1.768 trillion (31 December 2007)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $6.794 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.133 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $107.8 billion (31 December 2008) $96.91 billion (31 December 2007)

Kenya $7.855 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.713 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kiribati $10 million (1999 est.)

Korea, North $12.5 billion (2001 est.)

Korea, South $381.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $383.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Kosovo $NA

Kuwait $36.89 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.62 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $3.467 billion (31 December 2008) $3.162 billion (31 December 2007)

Laos $3.179 billion (2006)

Latvia $42.26 billion (31 December 2008) $38.95 billion (31 December 2007)

Lebanon $33.28 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $31.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lesotho $619 million (31 December 2008 est.) $689 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Liberia $3.2 billion (2005 est.)

Libya $6.223 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Liechtenstein $0 (2001)

Lithuania $32.47 billion (31 December 2008) $30.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Luxembourg $2.02 trillion (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007)

Macau $0 (2006)

Macedonia $4.667 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.967 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Madagascar $2.023 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.6 billion (2002)

Malawi $1.005 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $894 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Malaysia $75.33 billion (31 December 2008) $62.33 billion (31 December 2007)

Maldives $477 million (2008 est.) $482 million (2006 est.)

Mali $2.8 billion (2002)

Malta $188.8 million (2005)

Marshall Islands $87 million (2008 est.) $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)

Mauritania $NA

Mauritius $5.077 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.149 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $200.4 billion (31 December 2008) $193.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Micronesia, Federated States of $60.8 million (FY05 est.)

Moldova $4.125 billion (31 December 2008) $3.326 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Monaco $18 billion (2000 est.)

Mongolia $1.6 billion (2008) $1.438 billion (2007)

Montenegro $650 million (2006)

Montserrat $8.9 million (1997)

Morocco $20.12 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $19.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mozambique $3.826 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.189 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Namibia $807.3 million (31 December 2008 est.) $1.003 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nauru $33.3 million

Nepal $3.285 billion (2008) $3.07 billion (March 2006)

Netherlands $2.461 trillion (31 December 2008) $2.59 trillion (31 December 2007)

Netherlands Antilles $2.68 billion (2004)

New Caledonia $79 million (1998 est.)

New Zealand $59.08 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $51.44 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nicaragua $4.596 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.341 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Niger $2.1 billion (2003 est.)

Nigeria $9.996 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.007 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Niue $418,000 (2002 est.)

Norfolk Island $NA

Northern Mariana Islands $NA

Norway $475.9 billion (31 December 2008) $540.3 billion (31 December 2007) note: Norway is a net external creditor

Oman $7.68 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.297 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Pakistan $46.39 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $38.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Palau $0 (FY99/00)

Panama $11.26 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea $2.511 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.646 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Paraguay $3.507 billion (31 December 2008) $3.096 billion (31 December 2007)

Peru $34.59 billion (31 December 2008) $32.57 billion (31 December 2007)

Philippines $66.27 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $61.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $243.5 billion (31 December 2008) $233.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Portugal $484.7 billion (31 December 2008) $483.9 billion (31 December 2007)

Puerto Rico $NA

Qatar $57.37 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $102.2 billion (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007 est.)

Russia $483.5 billion (31 December 2008) $471 billion (31 December 2007)

Rwanda $1.4 billion (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis $314 million (2004)

Saint Lucia $257 million (2004)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $223 million (2004)

Samoa $177 million (2004)

San Marino $NA

Sao Tome and Principe $318 million (2002)

Saudi Arabia $82.13 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Senegal $2.627 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.19 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Serbia $26.24 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles $1.422 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.059 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sierra Leone $1.61 billion (2003 est.)

Singapore $25.52 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $25.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovakia $52.53 billion (31 December 2008) $44.31 billion (31 December 2007)

Slovenia $54.61 billion (31 December 2008) $50.58 billion (31 December 2007)

Solomon Islands $166 million (2004)

Somalia $3 billion (2001 est.)

South Africa $71.81 billion (31 December 2008) $75.28 billion (31 December 2007)

Spain $2.317 trillion (31 December 2008) $2.299 trillion (31 December 2007)

Sri Lanka $16.78 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $12.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sudan $33.72 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $29.42 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Suriname $504.3 million (2005 est.)

Swaziland $554 million (31 December 2008 est.) $524 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Sweden $617.3 billion (31 December 2008) $598.2 billion (30 June 2006)

Switzerland $1.305 trillion (31 December 2008) $1.565 trillion (31 December 2007)

Syria $7.167 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.633 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Taiwan $93.02 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $97.85 billion (31 December 2007)

Tajikistan $1.503 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tanzania $6.195 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.382 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Thailand $65.09 billion (31 December 2008) $61.74 billion (31 December 2007)

Togo $2 billion (2005)

Tonga $80.7 million (2004)

Trinidad and Tobago $3.289 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.869 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tunisia $20.81 billion (31 December 2008) $20.4 billion (31 December 2007)

Turkey $278.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $249.4 billion (31 December 2007)

Turkmenistan $1.4 billion (2004 est.) note: some estimates put this figure as high as $5 billion

Turks and Caicos Islands $NA

Tuvalu $NA

Uganda $1.835 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.498 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ukraine $101.7 billion (31 December 2008) $79.96 billion (31 December 2007)

United Arab Emirates $134.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $61.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Kingdom $9.041 trillion (31 December 2008) $11.26 trillion (31 December 2007)

United States $13.75 trillion (31 December 2008) $13.43 trillion (31 December 2007)

Uruguay $10.73 billion (31 December 2008) $11.07 billion (31 December 2007)

Uzbekistan $4.022 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.927 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vanuatu $81.2 million (2004)

Venezuela $47.03 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $43.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vietnam $25.89 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $21.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Virgin Islands $NA

Wallis and Futuna $3.67 million (2004)

West Bank $1.3 billion (2007 est.)

Western Sahara $NA

World $60.96 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $60.26 trillion (31 December 2007 est.) note: this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt, both public and private

Yemen $5.977 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zambia $3.095 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zimbabwe $5.669 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.155 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2080

Field Listing :: Fiscal year

Country

Fiscal year

Afghanistan 21 March - 20 March

Albania calendar year

Algeria calendar year

American Samoa 1 October - 30 September

Andorra calendar year

Angola calendar year

Anguilla 1 April - 31 March

Antigua and Barbuda 1 April - 31 March

Argentina calendar year

Armenia calendar year

Aruba calendar year

Australia 1 July - 30 June

Austria calendar year

Azerbaijan calendar year

Bahamas, The 1 July - 30 June

Bahrain calendar year

Bangladesh 1 July - 30 June

Barbados 1 April - 31 March

Belarus calendar year

Belgium calendar year

Belize 1 April - 31 March

Benin calendar year

Bermuda 1 April - 31 March

Bhutan 1 July - 30 June

Bolivia calendar year

Bosnia and Herzegovina calendar year

Botswana 1 April - 31 March

Brazil calendar year

British Virgin Islands 1 April - 31 March

Brunei 1 April - 31 March

Bulgaria calendar year

Burkina Faso calendar year

Burma 1 April - 31 March

Burundi calendar year

Cambodia calendar year

Cameroon 1 July - 30 June

Canada 1 April - 31 March

Cape Verde calendar year

Cayman Islands 1 April - 31 March

Central African Republic calendar year

Chad calendar year

Chile calendar year

China calendar year

Christmas Island 1 July - 30 June

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 July - 30 June

Colombia calendar year

Comoros calendar year

Congo, Democratic Republic of the calendar year

Congo, Republic of the calendar year

Cook Islands 1 April - 31 March

Costa Rica calendar year

Cote d'Ivoire calendar year

Croatia calendar year

Cuba calendar year

Cyprus calendar year

Czech Republic calendar year

Denmark calendar year

Djibouti calendar year

Dominica 1 July - 30 June

Dominican Republic calendar year

Ecuador calendar year

Egypt 1 July - 30 June

El Salvador calendar year

Equatorial Guinea calendar year

Eritrea calendar year

Estonia calendar year

Ethiopia 8 July - 7 July

European Union NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1 April - 31 March

Faroe Islands calendar year

Fiji calendar year

Finland calendar year

France calendar year

French Polynesia calendar year

Gabon calendar year

Gambia, The calendar year

Gaza Strip calendar year

Georgia calendar year

Germany calendar year

Ghana calendar year

Gibraltar 1 July - 30 June

Greece calendar year

Greenland calendar year

Grenada calendar year

Guam 1 October - 30 September

Guatemala calendar year

Guernsey calendar year

Guinea calendar year

Guinea-Bissau calendar year

Guyana calendar year

Haiti 1 October - 30 September

Holy See (Vatican City) calendar year

Honduras calendar year

Hong Kong 1 April - 31 March

Hungary calendar year

Iceland calendar year

India 1 April - 31 March

Indonesia calendar year

Iran 21 March - 20 March

Iraq calendar year

Ireland calendar year

Isle of Man 1 April - 31 March

Israel calendar year

Italy calendar year

Jamaica 1 April - 31 March

Japan 1 April - 31 March

Jersey 1 April - 31 March

Jordan calendar year

Kazakhstan calendar year

Kenya 1 July - 30 June

Kiribati NA

Korea, North calendar year

Korea, South calendar year

Kuwait 1 April - 31 March

Kyrgyzstan calendar year

Laos 1 October - 30 September

Latvia calendar year

Lebanon calendar year

Lesotho 1 April - 31 March

Liberia calendar year

Libya calendar year

Liechtenstein calendar year

Lithuania calendar year

Luxembourg calendar year

Macau calendar year

Macedonia calendar year

Madagascar calendar year

Malawi 1 July - 30 June

Malaysia calendar year

Maldives calendar year

Mali calendar year

Malta calendar year

Marshall Islands 1 October - 30 September

Mauritania calendar year

Mauritius 1 July - 30 June

Mayotte calendar year

Mexico calendar year

Micronesia, Federated States of 1 October - 30 September

Moldova calendar year

Monaco calendar year

Mongolia calendar year

Montenegro calendar year

Montserrat 1 April - 31 March

Morocco calendar year

Mozambique calendar year

Namibia 1 April - 31 March

Nauru 1 July - 30 June

Nepal 16 July - 15 July

Netherlands calendar year

Netherlands Antilles calendar year

New Caledonia calendar year

New Zealand 1 April - 31 March note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

Nicaragua calendar year

Niger calendar year

Nigeria calendar year

Niue 1 April - 31 March

Norfolk Island 1 July - 30 June

Northern Mariana Islands 1 October - 30 September

Norway calendar year

Oman calendar year

Pakistan 1 July - 30 June

Palau 1 October - 30 September

Panama calendar year

Papua New Guinea calendar year

Paraguay calendar year

Peru calendar year

Philippines calendar year

Pitcairn Islands 1 April - 31 March

Poland calendar year

Portugal calendar year

Puerto Rico 1 July - 30 June

Qatar 1 April - 31 March

Romania calendar year

Russia calendar year

Rwanda calendar year

Saint Helena 1 April - 31 March

Saint Kitts and Nevis calendar year

Saint Lucia 1 April - 31 March

Saint Pierre and Miquelon calendar year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines calendar year

Samoa June 1 - May 31

San Marino calendar year

Sao Tome and Principe calendar year

Saudi Arabia calendar year

Senegal calendar year

Seychelles calendar year

Sierra Leone calendar year

Singapore 1 April - 31 March

Slovakia calendar year

Slovenia calendar year

Solomon Islands calendar year

Somalia NA

South Africa 1 April - 31 March

Spain calendar year

Sri Lanka calendar year

Sudan calendar year

Suriname calendar year

Swaziland 1 April - 31 March

Sweden calendar year

Switzerland calendar year

Syria calendar year

Taiwan calendar year

Tajikistan calendar year

Tanzania 1 July - 30 June

Thailand 1 October - 30 September

Timor-Leste calendar year

Togo calendar year

Tokelau 1 April - 31 March

Tonga 1 July - 30 June

Trinidad and Tobago 1 October - 30 September

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Turks and Caicos Islands calendar year

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Uganda 1 July - 30 June

Ukraine calendar year

United Arab Emirates calendar year

United Kingdom 6 April - 5 April

United States 1 October - 30 September

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Uzbekistan calendar year

Vanuatu calendar year

Venezuela calendar year

Vietnam calendar year

Virgin Islands 1 October - 30 September

Wallis and Futuna calendar year

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Field Listing :: Flag description

This entry provides a written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Country

Flag description

Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan

Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used

Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478)

Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness

American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa

Andorra three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Antigua and Barbuda red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the "V" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand

Argentina three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May; the colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes; the sun symbol commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence; the sun features are those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun

Armenia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it

Aruba blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner; the star represents Aruba and its red soil and white beaches, its four points the four major languages (Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish, English) as well as the four points of a compass, to indicate that its inhabitants come from all over the world; the blue symbolizes Caribbean waters and skies; the stripes represent the island's two main "industries": the flow of tourists to the sun-drenched beaches and the flow of minerals from the earth

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the flag of Australia is used

Australia blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars

Austria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner

Azerbaijan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band

Bahamas, The three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea

Bahrain red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam

Bangladesh green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

Barbados three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the band colors represent the blue of the sea and sky and the gold of the beaches; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Belarus red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red; the red band color recalls past struggles from oppression, the green band represents hope and the many forests of the country

Belgium three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the vertical design was based on the flag of France; the colors are those of the arms of the duchy of Brabant (yellow lion with red claws and tongue on a black field)

Belize blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Benin two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side

Bermuda red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

Bhutan divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side

Bolivia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band note: similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; in 2009, a presidential decree made it mandatory for a so-called wiphala - a square, multi-colored flag representing the country's indigenous peoples - to be used alongside the traditional flag

Bosnia and Herzegovina a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle

Botswana light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

Bouvet Island the flag of Norway is used

Brazil green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag

British Virgin Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)

Brunei yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

Bulgaria three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Burkina Faso two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Burma red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 14, white, five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the seven administrative divisions and seven states

Burundi divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Cambodia three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design

Cameroon three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Canada two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white

Cape Verde five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue - equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a circle of 10, yellow, five-pointed stars, each representing one of the islands, is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the length of the flag from the hoist side

Cayman Islands a blue field, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a crest with a pineapple, representing the connection with Jamaica, and a turtle, representing Cayman's seafaring tradition, above a shield bearing a golden lion, symbolizing Great Britain, below which are three green stars (representing the three islands) surmounting white and blue wavy lines representing the sea and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

Central African Republic four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band

Chad three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Chile two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red represents the blood spilled to achieve independence note: design was influenced by the US flag

China red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner

Christmas Island territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes

Clipperton Island the flag of France is used

Cocos (Keeling) Islands the flag of Australia is used

Colombia three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red note: similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center

Comoros four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue, with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, N'gazidja, Nzwani, and Mahore (Mayotte - territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros) note: the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Congo, Democratic Republic of the sky blue field divided diagonally from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star appears in the upper hoist corner

Congo, Republic of the divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Cook Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag

Coral Sea Islands the flag of Australia is used

Costa Rica five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk on the hoist side of the red band; above the coat of arms a light blue ribbon contains the words, AMERICA CENTRAL, and just below it near the top of the coat of arms is a white ribbon with the words, REPUBLICA COSTA RICA

Cote d'Ivoire three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green note: similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Croatia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue, superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Cuba five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center

Cyprus white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag has a white field with narrow horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance from the top and bottom edges between which is centered a red crescent and a red five-pointed star

Czech Republic two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side note: identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia

Denmark red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary, but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th century battle; caught up by the Danish king before it ever touched the earth, this heavenly talisman inspired the royal army to victory note: the shifted design element was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Dhekelia the flag of the UK is used

Djibouti two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center

Dominica green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)

Dominican Republic a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon

Ecuador three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

Egypt three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; design is based on the Arab Liberation flag and similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band

El Salvador three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Equatorial Guinea three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Eritrea red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle

Estonia pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white

Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

European Union blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle in the center, representing the union of the peoples of Europe; the number of stars is fixed

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

Faroe Islands white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the flag resembles those of neighboring Iceland and Norway, and uses the same three colors - but in a different sequence

Fiji light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove

Finland white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter

France three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas

French Polynesia two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with a blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and a gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue, and white ship rides on the wave pattern note: the flag of France is used for official occasions

French Southern and Antarctic Lands the flag of France is used

Gabon three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue

Gambia, The three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green

Georgia white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century

Germany three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold; these colors have played an important role in German history and can be traced back to the medieval banner of the Holy Roman Emperor - a black eagle with red claws and beak on a gold field

Ghana three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Gibraltar two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

Greece nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country

Greenland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white; the design represents the sun reflecting off a field of ice; the colors are the same as those of the Danish flag and symbolize Greenland's links to the Kingdom of Denmark

Grenada a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions

Guam territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag

Guatemala three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath

Guernsey white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross

Guinea three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guinea-Bissau two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guyana green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green

Haiti two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes

Heard Island and McDonald Islands the flag of Australia is used

Holy See (Vatican City) two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band

Honduras three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue, with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Hong Kong red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center

Hungary three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

Iceland blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors represent three of the elements that make up the island: red is for the island's volcanic fires, white recalls the snow and ice fields of the island, and blue is for the surrounding ocean

India three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

Indonesia two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

Iran three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band

Iraq three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great") in green Arabic script is centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation colors; Council of Representatives approved this flag as a compromise temporary replacement for Ba'athist Saddam-era flag

Ireland three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red

Isle of Man red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used

Israel white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag

Italy three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797

Jamaica diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side); green represents hope, vegetation, and agriculture, black reflects hardships overcome and to be faced, and yellow recalls golden sunshine and the island's natural resources

Jan Mayen the flag of Norway is used

Japan white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center

Jersey white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with the three lions of England in yellow

Jordan three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Kazakhstan sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold

Kenya three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center

Kiribati the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean

Korea, North three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star

Korea, South white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field

Kosovo centered on a dark blue field is the geographical shape of Kosovo in a gold color surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars - each representing one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo - arrayed in a slight arc

Kuwait three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I

Kyrgyzstan red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt

Laos three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band

Latvia three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon

Lebanon three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band

Lesotho three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence

Liberia 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag

Libya plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)

Liechtenstein two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band; the colors may derive from the blue and red livery design used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was introduced in 1937 to distinguish the flag from that of Haiti

Lithuania three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

Luxembourg three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)

Macau light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in the center of the arc and two smaller on either side; the lotus is the floral emblem of Macau, the three petals represent the peninsula and two islands that make up Macau; the five stars echo those on the flag of China

Macedonia a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field

Madagascar two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side

Malawi three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band

Malaysia 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US

Maldives red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag

Mali three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Malta two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red

Marshall Islands blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes

Mauritania green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Mauritius four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green

Mayotte unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte centered on a white field, above which the name of the island appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant) note: the flag of France used for official occasions

Mexico three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band

Micronesia, Federated States of light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern

Moldova three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow; same color scheme as Romania

Monaco two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

Mongolia three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)

Montenegro a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered

Montserrat blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross

Morocco red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912

Mozambique three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book

Namibia a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green

Nauru blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru