$NA (continued 16)

Nicaragua deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution

Niger overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction

Nigeria soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Niue increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development

Norway water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions

Oman rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; limited natural fresh water resources

Pacific Ocean endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea

Pakistan water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Palau inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing

Panama water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources

Papua New Guinea rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought

Paracel Islands NA

Paraguay deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal pose health risks for many urban residents; loss of wetlands

Peru deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes

Philippines uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds

Pitcairn Islands deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)

Poland situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy industry and increased environmental concern by post-Communist governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should continue to decrease as industrial establishments bring their facilities up to EU code, but at substantial cost to business and the government

Portugal soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Puerto Rico erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages

Qatar limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities

Romania soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands

Russia air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides

Rwanda deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching

Saint Barthelemy with no natural rivers or streams, fresh water is in short supply, especially in summer, and provided by desalinization of sea water, collection of rain water, or imported via water tanker

Saint Helena NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis NA

Saint Lucia deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region

Saint Martin fresh water supply is dependent on desalinization of sea water

Saint Pierre and Miquelon recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive

Samoa soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing

San Marino NA

Sao Tome and Principe deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion

Saudi Arabia desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills

Senegal wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing

Serbia air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube

Seychelles water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater

Sierra Leone rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleted natural resources; overfishing

Singapore industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia

Slovakia air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests

Slovenia Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain

Solomon Islands deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying

Somalia famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

South Africa lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands NA

Southern Ocean increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries

Spain pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification

Spratly Islands NA

Sri Lanka deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo

Sudan inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought

Suriname deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of inland waterways by small-scale mining activities

Svalbard NA

Swaziland limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion

Sweden acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

Switzerland air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity

Syria deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water

Taiwan air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal

Tajikistan inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides

Tanzania soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory

Thailand air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting

Timor-Leste widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion

Togo deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

Tokelau limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand

Tonga deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations

Trinidad and Tobago water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion

Tunisia toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

Turkey water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic

Turkmenistan contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification

Turks and Caicos Islands limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater

Tuvalu since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary

Uganda draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching

Ukraine inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant

United Arab Emirates lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills

United Kingdom continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government reduced the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and recycled or composted at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015

United States air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Johnston Atoll: no natural fresh water resources Kingman Reef: none Midway Islands and Palmyra Atoll: NA

Uruguay water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal

Uzbekistan shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT

Vanuatu most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation

Venezuela sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations

Vietnam logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City

Virgin Islands lack of natural freshwater resources

Wake Island NA

Wallis and Futuna deforestation (only small portions of the original forests remain) largely as a result of the continued use of wood as the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion; there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of natural fresh water resources

West Bank adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment

Western Sahara sparse water and lack of arable land

World large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion; global warming becoming a greater concern

Yemen limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

Zambia air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks

Zimbabwe deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution

======================================================================

@2033

Field Listing :: Environment - international agreements

This entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name. Country

Environment - international agreements

Afghanistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Albania party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Algeria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Andorra party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Angola party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Antigua and Barbuda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Argentina party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Armenia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Australia party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Austria party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Azerbaijan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Bahamas, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Bahrain party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Bangladesh party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Barbados party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Belarus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Belgium party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Belize party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Benin party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Bhutan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Bolivia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Bosnia and Herzegovina party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Botswana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Brazil party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Brunei party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Bulgaria party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Burkina Faso party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Burma party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Burundi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Cambodia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Cameroon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Canada party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation

Cape Verde party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Central African Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Chad party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Chile party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

China party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Colombia party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Comoros party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Congo, Democratic Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Congo, Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Cook Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

Costa Rica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Cote d'Ivoire party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Croatia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Cuba party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Cyprus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Czech Republic party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Denmark party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Djibouti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Dominica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Dominican Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Ecuador party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Egypt party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

El Salvador party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Equatorial Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Eritrea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Estonia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ethiopia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

European Union party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Faroe Islands party to: Marine Dumping - associate member to the London Convention and Ship Pollution

Fiji party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Finland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

France party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Gabon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Gambia, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Georgia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Germany party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ghana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Greece party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Grenada party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guatemala party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guinea-Bissau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guyana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Haiti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Holy See (Vatican City) party to: Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification

Honduras party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Hong Kong party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)

Hungary party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Iceland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

India party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Indonesia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Iran party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Iraq party to: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Ireland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation

Israel party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Italy party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Jamaica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Japan party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Jordan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kazakhstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Kenya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kiribati party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Korea, North party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Korea, South party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kuwait party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping

Kyrgyzstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Laos party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Latvia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Lebanon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Lesotho party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Liberia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Libya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Liechtenstein party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Lithuania party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Luxembourg party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Macau party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)

Macedonia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Madagascar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Malawi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Malaysia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Maldives party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mali party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Malta party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Marshall Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mauritania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mauritius party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mexico party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Micronesia, Federated States of party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Moldova party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Monaco party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mongolia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Montenegro party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Morocco party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Mozambique party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Namibia party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nauru party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nepal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Netherlands party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

New Zealand party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Nicaragua party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Niger party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Nigeria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Niue party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

Norway party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Oman party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Pakistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Palau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Panama party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Papua New Guinea party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Paraguay party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Peru party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Philippines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Poland party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Portugal party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Qatar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Romania party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Russia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Rwanda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Saint Kitts and Nevis party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Lucia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Samoa party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

San Marino party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Sao Tome and Principe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saudi Arabia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Senegal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Serbia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Seychelles party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sierra Leone party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Singapore party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Slovakia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Slovenia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Solomon Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Somalia party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

South Africa party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north

Spain party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sri Lanka party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Sudan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Suriname party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Swaziland party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Sweden party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Switzerland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Syria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Taiwan party to: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status

Tajikistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tanzania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Thailand party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Timor-Leste party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Togo party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tonga party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Trinidad and Tobago party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tunisia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Turkey party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Turkmenistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tuvalu party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Uganda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Ukraine party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

United Arab Emirates party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

United Kingdom party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

United States party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes

Uruguay party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Uzbekistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Vanuatu party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Venezuela party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements

Vietnam party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Western Sahara party to: none of the selected agreements

Yemen party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Zambia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Zimbabwe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

======================================================================

@2034

Field Listing :: Military expenditures

This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). Country Comparison to the World Country

Military expenditures(% of GDP)

Afghanistan 1.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Albania 1.49% of GDP (2005 est.)

Algeria 3.3% of GDP (2006)

Angola 5.7% of GDP (2006)

Antigua and Barbuda NA

Argentina 1.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Armenia 6.5% of GDP (FY01)

Australia 2.4% of GDP (2006)

Austria 0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan 2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The 0.5% of GDP (2006)

Bahrain 4.5% of GDP (2006)

Bangladesh 1.5% of GDP (2006)

Barbados 0.5% of GDP (2006 est.)

Belarus 1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Belgium 1.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Belize 1.4% of GDP (2006)

Benin 1.7% of GDP (2006)

Bermuda 0.11% of GDP (2005 est.)

Bhutan 1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Bolivia 1.9% of GDP (2006)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Botswana 3.3% of GDP (2006)

Brazil 2.6% of GDP (2006 est.)

Brunei 4.5% of GDP (2006)

Bulgaria 2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Burkina Faso 1.2% of GDP (2006)

Burma 2.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Burundi 5.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Cambodia 3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Cameroon 1.3% of GDP (2006)

Canada 1.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Cape Verde 0.7% of GDP (2005)

Central African Republic 1.1% of GDP (2006 est.)

Chad 4.2% of GDP (2006)

Chile 2.7% of GDP (2006)

China 4.3% of GDP (2006)

Colombia 3.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Comoros 2.8% of GDP (2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2.5% of GDP (2006)

Congo, Republic of the 3.1% of GDP (2006)

Costa Rica 0.4% of GDP (2006)

Cote d'Ivoire 1.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Croatia 2.39% of GDP (2005 est.)

Cuba 3.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

Cyprus 3.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

Czech Republic 1.46% of GDP (2007 est.)

Denmark 1.3% of GDP (2007 est.)

Djibouti 3.8% of GDP (2006)

Dominica NA (2006)

Dominican Republic 0.8% of GDP (2006)

Ecuador 2.8% of GDP (2006)

Egypt 3.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

El Salvador 5% of GDP (2006)

Equatorial Guinea 0.1% of GDP (2006 est.)

Eritrea 6.3% of GDP (2006 est.)

Estonia 2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Ethiopia 3% of GDP (2006)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA

Faroe Islands NA

Fiji 2.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Finland 2% of GDP (2005 est.)

France 2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Gabon 3.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Gambia, The 0.5% of GDP (2006)

Gaza Strip NA

Georgia 0.59% of GDP (2005 est.)

Germany 1.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Ghana 0.8% of GDP (2006 est.)

Greece 4.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Grenada NA

Guatemala 0.4% of GDP (2006)

Guinea 1.7% of GDP (2006)

Guinea-Bissau 3.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Guyana 1.8% of GDP (2006)

Haiti 0.4% of GDP (2006)

Honduras 0.6% of GDP (2006 est.)

Hong Kong NA

Hungary 1.75% of GDP (2005 est.)

Iceland 0% of GDP (2005 est.)

India 2.5% of GDP (2006)

Indonesia 3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Iran 2.5% of GDP (2006)

Iraq 8.6% of GDP (2006)

Ireland 0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Israel 7.3% of GDP (2006)

Italy 1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

Jamaica 0.6% of GDP (2006 est.)

Japan 0.8% of GDP (2006)

Jordan 8.6% of GDP (2006)

Kazakhstan 0.9% of GDP (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)

Kenya 2.8% of GDP (2006)

Kiribati NA

Korea, North NA

Korea, South 2.7% of GDP (2006)

Kuwait 5.3% of GDP (2006)

Kyrgyzstan 1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Laos 0.5% of GDP (2006)

Latvia 1.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Lebanon 3.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Lesotho 2.6% of GDP (2006)

Liberia 1.3% of GDP (2006 est.)

Libya 3.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Lithuania 1.2% of GDP (2007 est.)

Luxembourg 0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Macedonia 6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Madagascar 1% of GDP (2006)

Malawi 1.3% of GDP (2006)

Malaysia 2.03% of GDP (2005 est.)

Maldives 5.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Mali 1.9% of GDP (2006)

Malta 0.7% of GDP (2006 est.)

Marshall Islands NA

Mauritania 5.5% of GDP (2006)

Mauritius 0.3% of GDP (2006 est.)

Mexico 0.5% of GDP (2006 est.)

Moldova 0.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Mongolia 1.4% of GDP (2006)

Morocco 5% of GDP (2003 est.)

Mozambique 0.8% of GDP (2006)

Namibia 3.7% of GDP (2006)

Nauru NA

Nepal 1.6% of GDP (2006)

Netherlands 1.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

New Caledonia NA

New Zealand 1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Nicaragua 0.6% of GDP (2006)

Niger 1.3% of GDP (2006)

Nigeria 1.5% of GDP (2006)

Norway 1.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Oman 11.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Pakistan 3% of GDP (2007 est.)

Palau NA

Panama 1% of GDP (2006)

Papua New Guinea 1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Paraguay 1% of GDP (2006 est.)

Peru 1.5% of GDP (2006)

Philippines 0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Poland 1.71% of GDP (2005 est.)

Portugal 2.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Qatar 10% of GDP (2005 est.)

Romania 1.9% of GDP (2007 est.)

Russia 3.9% of GDP (2005)

Rwanda 2.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis NA

Saint Lucia NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA

Samoa NA

San Marino NA

Sao Tome and Principe 0.8% of GDP (2006)

Saudi Arabia 10% of GDP (2005 est.)

Senegal 1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Seychelles 2% of GDP (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone 2.3% of GDP (2006)

Singapore 4.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Slovakia 1.87% of GDP (2005 est.)

Slovenia 1.7% of GDP (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands 3% of GDP (2006)

Somalia 0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

South Africa 1.7% of GDP (2006)

Spain 1.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka 2.6% of GDP (2006)

Sudan 3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Suriname 0.6% of GDP (2006 est.)

Swaziland 4.7% of GDP (2006)

Sweden 1.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Switzerland 1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Syria 5.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Taiwan 2.2% of GDP (2006)

Tajikistan 3.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Tanzania 0.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Thailand 1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

Timor-Leste NA

Togo 1.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Tonga 0.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 0.3% of GDP (2006)

Tunisia 1.4% of GDP (2006)

Turkey 5.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan 3.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Tuvalu NA

Uganda 2.2% of GDP (2006)

Ukraine 1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates 3.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

United Kingdom 2.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

United States 4.06% of GDP (2005 est.)

Uruguay 1.6% of GDP (2006)

Uzbekistan 2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Vanuatu NA

Venezuela 1.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Vietnam 2.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

West Bank NA

World roughly 2% of GDP of gross world product (2005 est.)

Yemen 6.6% of GDP (2006)

Zambia 1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe 3.8% of GDP (2006)

======================================================================

@2038

Field Listing :: Electricity - production

This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Country Comparison to the World Country

Electricity - production(kWh)

Afghanistan 839 million kWh (2007 est.)

Albania 2.888 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Algeria 34.98 billion kWh (2007 est.)

American Samoa 185 million kWh (2007 est.)

Andorra NA kWh

Angola 3.722 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Anguilla NA kWh

Antigua and Barbuda 110 million kWh (2007 est.)

Argentina 109.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Armenia 5.584 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Aruba 850 million kWh (2007 est.)

Australia 239.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Austria 58.64 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan 19.35 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 2.045 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bahrain 10.25 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bangladesh 22.99 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Barbados 1.003 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belarus 29.92 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belgium 82.17 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belize 213.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Benin 124 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bermuda 675.6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bhutan 4.475 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bolivia 5.495 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 11.32 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Botswana 1.052 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Brazil 438.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military

British Virgin Islands 45 million kWh (2007 est.)

Brunei 3.091 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bulgaria 40.25 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso 611.6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Burma 6.286 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Burundi 92 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cambodia 1.273 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cameroon 5.601 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Canada 620.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cape Verde 250 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands 546 million kWh (2007 est.)

Central African Republic 115 million kWh (2007 est.)

Chad 100 million kWh (2007 est.)

Chile 60.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

China 3.041 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Colombia 50.58 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Comoros 22 million kWh (2007 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8.217 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 400 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cook Islands 31 million kWh (2007 est.)

Costa Rica 8.808 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 5.275 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Croatia 11.47 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cuba 16.89 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cyprus 4.502 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Czech Republic 82.72 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Denmark 36.92 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Djibouti 280 million kWh (2007 est.)

Dominica 85 million kWh (2007 est.)

Dominican Republic 14.02 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ecuador 16.75 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Egypt 118.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

El Salvador 5.559 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 28 million kWh (2007 est.)

Eritrea 271 million kWh (2007 est.)

Estonia 11.46 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ethiopia 3.46 billion kWh (2007 est.)

European Union 3.044 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 16 million kWh (2007 est.)

Faroe Islands 243.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Fiji 928 million kWh (2007 est.)

Finland 77.24 billion kWh (2007 est.)

France 535.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

French Polynesia 650 million kWh (2007 est.)

Gabon 1.774 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Gambia, The 160 million kWh (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip 140,000 kWh (2005)

Georgia 8.17 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Germany 593.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ghana 6.746 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 146 million kWh (2007 est.)

Greece 58.79 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Greenland 325 million kWh (2007 est.)

Grenada 178.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guam 1.767 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Guatemala 8.425 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Guernsey NA kWh

Guinea 850 million kWh note: excludes electricity generated at interior mining sites (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 65 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guyana 821 million kWh (2007 est.)

Haiti 448 million kWh (2007 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh

Honduras 6.05 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Hong Kong 38.4 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Hungary 37.74 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iceland 11.71 billion kWh (2007 est.)

India 761.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Indonesia 134.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iran 192.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iraq 36.92 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Ireland 26.06 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Israel 50.41 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Italy 289.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Jamaica 7.324 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Japan 1.058 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Jordan 12.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan 72.41 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kenya 5.223 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Kiribati 14 million kWh (2007 est.)

Korea, North 20.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Korea, South 440 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Kosovo 832 million kWh (2006)

Kuwait 45.83 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 15.96 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Laos 3.075 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Latvia 4.62 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lebanon 9.03 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lesotho 502 million kWh note: electricity supplied by South Africa (2007 est.)

Liberia 350 million kWh (2007 est.)

Libya 23.98 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lithuania 12.09 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Luxembourg 2.696 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Macau 1.106 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Macedonia 6.376 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Madagascar 1.045 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Malawi 1.69 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Malaysia 103.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Maldives 205 million kWh (2007 est.)

Mali 515 million kWh (2007 est.)

Malta 2.146 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mauritania 415.3 million kWh (2007 est.)

Mauritius 2.321 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mayotte NA kWh

Mexico 245 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 192 million kWh (2002)

Moldova 3.617 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mongolia 3.979 billion kWh (2008)

Montenegro 2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.)

Montserrat 22 million kWh (2007 est.)

Morocco 21.56 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mozambique 15.91 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Namibia 1.65 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Nauru 31 million kWh (2007 est.)

Nepal 2.781 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Netherlands 97.19 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 1.22 billion kWh (2007 est.)

New Caledonia 1.825 billion kWh (2007 est.)

New Zealand 42.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Nicaragua 3.286 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Niger 150 million kWh (2007 est.)

Nigeria 21.92 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Niue 3 million kWh (2007 est.)

Norfolk Island NA kWh

Northern Mariana Islands 60,600 kWh (January 2009)

Norway 142.7 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oman 13.58 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Pakistan 90.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Panama 6.322 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 2.885 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Paraguay 53.19 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Peru 30.57 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Philippines 56.57 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA kWh; note - electric power is provided by a small diesel-powered generator

Poland 149.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Portugal 44.47 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico 23.72 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Qatar 15.11 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Romania 58.28 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Russia 958 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Rwanda 120 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Helena 8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 130 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Lucia 325 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 53 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 133.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Samoa 109 million kWh (2007 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 19 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia 179.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Senegal 1.88 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Serbia 33.87 billion kWh (2004)

Seychelles 250 million kWh (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone 80 million kWh (2007 est.)

Singapore 38.67 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Slovakia 26.53 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Slovenia 14.14 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands 71 million kWh (2007 est.)

Somalia 280 million kWh (2007 est.)

South Africa 240.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Spain 283.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka 9.507 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Sudan 4.341 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Suriname 1.605 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Swaziland 441 million kWh (2007 est.)

Sweden 144 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Switzerland 63.93 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Syria 36.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Taiwan 225 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Tajikistan 17.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Tanzania 3.786 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Thailand 135.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste kWh NA

Togo 230 million kWh (2007 est.)

Tokelau NA kWh

Tonga 43 million kWh (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 7.202 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Tunisia 13.79 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turkey 181.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan 13.99 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 12 million kWh (2007 est.)

Uganda 2.256 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ukraine 185.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates 71.54 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United Kingdom 368.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United States 4.11 trillion kWh (2008 est.)

Uruguay 9.265 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 46.33 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vanuatu 42 million kWh (2007 est.)

Venezuela 113.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vietnam 66.81 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands 776.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Wake Island NA kWh

Wallis and Futuna NA kWh

West Bank 500 million kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants

Western Sahara 90 million kWh (2007 est.)

World 18.83 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Yemen 5.665 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Zambia 9.752 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe 8.89 billion kWh (2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2042

Field Listing :: Electricity - consumption

This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Country Comparison to the World Country

Electricity - consumption(kWh)

Afghanistan 1.01 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Albania 3.603 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Algeria 28.34 billion kWh (2007 est.)

American Samoa 172.1 million kWh (2007 est.)

Andorra NA kWh

Angola 3.173 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 102.3 million kWh (2007 est.)

Argentina 99.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Armenia 4.776 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Aruba 790.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Australia 222 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Austria 61.89 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan 15.68 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 1.902 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bahrain 10.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bangladesh 21.38 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Barbados 939.9 million kWh (2007 est.)

Belarus 30.54 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belgium 84.88 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belize 198.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Benin 597 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bermuda 628.3 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bhutan 528.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bolivia 4.665 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.488 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Botswana 2.648 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Brazil 404.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh

British Virgin Islands 41.85 million kWh (2007 est.)

Brunei 2.926 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bulgaria 31.08 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso 568.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Burma 4.403 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Burundi 125.6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cambodia 1.272 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cameroon 4.801 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Canada 536.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cape Verde 232.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands 507.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Central African Republic 107 million kWh (2007 est.)

Chad 93 million kWh (2007 est.)

Chile 57.29 billion kWh (2007 est.)

China 2.835 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Colombia 38.59 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Comoros 20.46 million kWh (2007 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.997 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 471 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cook Islands 28.83 million kWh (2007 est.)

Costa Rica 8.064 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 3.231 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Croatia 15.42 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cuba 13.93 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Cyprus 4.277 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Czech Republic 61.65 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Denmark 35.79 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Djibouti 260.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Dominica 79.05 million kWh (2007 est.)

Dominican Republic 12.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ecuador 9.888 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Egypt 104.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

El Salvador 4.676 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 26.04 million kWh (2007 est.)

Eritrea 228 million kWh (2007 est.)

Estonia 7.686 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ethiopia 3.13 billion kWh (2007 est.)

European Union 2.884 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 14.88 million kWh (2007 est.)

Faroe Islands 226.6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Fiji 863 million kWh (2007 est.)

Finland 86.9 billion kWh (2008)

France 447.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

French Polynesia 604.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Gabon 1.446 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Gambia, The 148.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip 230,000 kWh (2005)

Georgia 6.902 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Germany 547.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ghana 5.702 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 146 million kWh (2007 est.)

Greece 58.28 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Greenland 302.3 million kWh (2007 est.)

Grenada 155.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guam 1.644 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Guatemala 7.115 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Guernsey NA kWh

Guinea 790.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 60.45 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guyana 667 million kWh (2007 est.)

Haiti 273 million kWh (2007 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh

Honduras 4.696 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Hong Kong 44.6 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Hungary 37.77 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iceland 11.22 billion kWh (2007 est.)

India 568 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Indonesia 119.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iran 153.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iraq 39.88 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Ireland 25.12 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Israel 46.15 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Italy 315 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Jamaica 6.345 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Japan 1.007 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Jersey 630.1 million kWh (2004 est.)

Jordan 10.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan 64.69 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kenya 4.863 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Kiribati 13.02 million kWh (2007 est.)

Korea, North 17.49 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Korea, South 385.1 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Kosovo 4.281 billion kWh (2006)

Kuwait 40.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Laos 3.068 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Latvia 6.822 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lebanon 8.42 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lesotho 516.9 million kWh (2007 est.)

Liberia 325.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Libya 22.17 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Lithuania 9.612 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Luxembourg 6.525 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Macau 3.311 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Macedonia 7.358 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Madagascar 971.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Malawi 1.572 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Malaysia 99.25 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Maldives 190.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

Mali 479 million kWh (2007 est.)

Malta 1.832 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mauritania 386.2 million kWh (2007 est.)

Mauritius 2.158 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mayotte 139.2 million kWh (2005)

Mexico 200.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 178.6 million kWh (2002)

Moldova 4.37 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Monaco NA kWh

Mongolia 3.491 billion kWh (2008)

Montenegro 18.6 million kWh (2005)

Montserrat 20.46 million kWh (2007 est.)

Morocco 20.78 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mozambique 10.16 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Namibia 3.175 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Nauru 28.83 million kWh (2007 est.)

Nepal 2.243 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Netherlands 110.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 1.013 billion kWh (2007 est.)

New Caledonia 1.697 billion kWh (2007 est.)

New Zealand 39.24 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Nicaragua 2.569 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Niger 589.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Nigeria 19.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Niue 2.79 million kWh (2007 est.)

Norfolk Island NA kWh

Northern Mariana Islands 48,300 kWh (January 2009)

Norway 128.8 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oman 11.36 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Pakistan 72.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Panama 5.17 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 2.683 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Paraguay 5.337 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Peru 28.97 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Philippines 48.96 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Poland 129.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Portugal 48.78 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico 22.06 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Qatar 13.73 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Romania 49.44 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Russia 840.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Rwanda 231.6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Helena 7.44 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 120.9 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Lucia 302.2 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 49.29 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 124.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Samoa 101.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 17.67 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia 165.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Senegal 1.384 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Serbia NA kWh

Seychelles 232.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone 74.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Singapore 36.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Slovakia 26.81 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Slovenia 13.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands 66.03 million kWh (2007 est.)

Somalia 260.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

South Africa 215.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Spain 276.1 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka 7.946 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Sudan 3.438 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Suriname 1.467 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Swaziland 1.266 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Sweden 134.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Switzerland 57.62 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Syria 27.35 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Taiwan 233 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Tajikistan 17.8 billion kWh (2008)

Tanzania 3.182 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Thailand 129.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste kWh NA

Togo 640 million kWh (2007 est.)

Tokelau NA kWh

Tonga 39.99 million kWh (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 7.034 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Tunisia 11.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turkey 153.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan 10.45 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 11.16 million kWh (2007 est.)

Uganda 2.068 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Ukraine 153.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates 65.98 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United Kingdom 345.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United States 3.873 trillion kWh (2008 est.)

Uruguay 7.14 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 41.94 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vanuatu 39.06 million kWh (2007 est.)

Venezuela 83.02 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vietnam 59.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands 722 million kWh (2007 est.)

Wallis and Futuna NA kWh

West Bank 3.265 billion kWh

Western Sahara 83.7 million kWh (2007 est.)

World 17.13 trillion kWh (2007 est.)

Yemen 4.133 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Zambia 8.838 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe 10.89 billion kWh (2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2043

Field Listing :: Electricity - imports

This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours. Country

Electricity - imports(kWh)

Afghanistan 230 million kWh (2007 est.)

Albania 2.475 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Algeria 279 million kWh (2007 est.)

American Samoa 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Andorra NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower

Angola 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Argentina 10.28 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Armenia 418.7 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2007 est.)

Aruba 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Australia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Austria 19.8 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan 548 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bahrain 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bangladesh 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Barbados 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Belarus 9.406 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belgium 17.16 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Belize 248.4 million kWh (2005)

Benin 588 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bermuda 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bhutan 11 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bolivia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.743 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Botswana 2.181 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Brazil 42.06 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2008 est.)

British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Brunei 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bulgaria 3.097 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Burma 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Burundi 40 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2007 est.)

Cambodia 167 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cameroon 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Canada 23.5 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Cape Verde 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Cayman Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Central African Republic 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Chad 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Chile 1.628 billion kWh (2007 est.)

China 3.842 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Colombia 39.4 million kWh (2007 est.)

Comoros 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6 million kWh (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 449 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cook Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Costa Rica 203.2 million kWh (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Croatia 8.249 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Cuba 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Cyprus 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Czech Republic 8.52 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Denmark 12.82 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Djibouti 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Dominica 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Dominican Republic 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Ecuador 861 million kWh (2007 est.)

Egypt 251 million kWh (2007 est.)

El Salvador 38 million kWh (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Eritrea 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Estonia 1.369 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Ethiopia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

European Union NA kWh

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Faroe Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Fiji 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Finland 16.11 billion kWh (2008 est.)

France 10.68 billion kWh (2008 est.)

French Polynesia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Gabon 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Gambia, The 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Gaza Strip 90,000 kWh; note - from Israeli Electric Company (2005)

Georgia 430 million kWh (2007 est.)

Germany 41.67 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Ghana 435 million kWh (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Greece 7.575 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Greenland 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Grenada 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Guam 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Guatemala 8.11 million kWh (2007 est.)

Guernsey 0 kWh (2002)

Guinea 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Guyana 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Haiti 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy; a small portion of electricity is self-produced from solar panels

Honduras 11.8 million kWh (2007 est.)

Hong Kong 11 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Hungary 12.77 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Iceland 0 kWh (2008 est.)

India 4.96 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Indonesia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Iran 1.842 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Iraq 2.95 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Ireland 753 million kWh (2008 est.)

Israel 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Italy 43 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Jamaica 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Japan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Jersey NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

Jordan 200 million kWh (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan 3.27 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Kenya 22.5 million kWh (2007 est.)

Kiribati 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Korea, North 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Korea, South 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Kuwait 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Laos 475.9 million kWh (2007 est.)

Latvia 4.643 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Lebanon 972 million kWh (2007 est.)

Lesotho 50 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2008 est.)

Liberia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Libya 77 million kWh (2007 est.)

Lithuania 5.649 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Luxembourg 6.83 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Macau 2.215 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Macedonia 2.491 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Madagascar 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Malawi 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Malaysia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Maldives 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Mali 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Malta 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Mauritania 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Mauritius 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Mexico 584 million kWh (2008 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 0 kWh (2002)

Moldova 2.931 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Monaco NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

Mongolia 197.5 million kWh (2008)

Montenegro 0 kWh (2005)

Montserrat 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Morocco 3.455 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Mozambique 8.278 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Namibia 2.045 billion kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2007 est.)

Nauru 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Nepal 213 million kWh (2008 est.)

Netherlands 25.01 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 0 kWh (2008 est.)

New Caledonia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

New Zealand 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Nicaragua 63.95 million kWh (2007 est.)

Niger 450 million kWh (2007 est.)

Nigeria 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Niue 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands 0 kWh (January 2009 est.)

Norway 3.414 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oman 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Pakistan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Panama 8.74 million kWh (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Paraguay 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Peru 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Philippines 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Poland 8.48 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Portugal 10.74 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Puerto Rico 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Qatar 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Romania 921 million kWh (2008 est.)

Russia 3.105 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Rwanda 130 million kWh (2007 est.)

Saint Helena 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Saint Lucia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Samoa 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Senegal 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Serbia 11.23 billion kWh (2004)

Seychelles 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Sierra Leone 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Singapore 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Slovakia 9.412 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Slovenia 6.218 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Solomon Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Somalia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

South Africa 10.57 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Spain 5.88 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Sudan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Suriname 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Swaziland 770 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2008 est.)

Sweden 12.75 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Switzerland 31.6 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Syria 1.4 billion kWh (2007)

Taiwan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Tajikistan 4.361 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Tanzania 200 million kWh (2007 est.)

Thailand 2.784 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Timor-Leste 0 kWh (2007 est.)

Togo 514 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2007 est.)

Tonga 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Tunisia 145 million kWh (2007 est.)

Turkey 790 million kWh (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Uganda 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Ukraine 3.383 billion kWh (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates 0 kWh (2008 est.)

United Kingdom 12.29 billion kWh (2008 est.)

United States 57.02 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Uruguay 789 million kWh (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 11.36 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vanuatu 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Venezuela 1.651 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Vietnam 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Wallis and Futuna 0 kWh (2002)

West Bank 2.8 billion kWh

Western Sahara 0 kWh (2008 est.)

World 623.2 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Yemen 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Zambia 222 million kWh (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe 2.691 billion kWh (2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2044

Field Listing :: Electricity - exports

This entry is the total exported electricity in kilowatt-hours. Country

Electricity - exports(kWh)

Afghanistan 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Albania 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Algeria 273 million kWh (2007 est.)

American Samoa 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Andorra NA kWh

Angola 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Argentina 2.628 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Armenia 451.3 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2007 est.)

Aruba 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Australia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Austria 14.93 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan 786 million kWh (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bahrain 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bangladesh 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Barbados 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Belarus 5.062 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Belgium 6.561 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Belize 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Benin 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bermuda 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bhutan 3.644 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Bolivia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.344 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Botswana 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Brazil 2.034 billion kWh (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Brunei 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Bulgaria 8.441 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Burma 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Burundi 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Cambodia 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Cameroon 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Canada 55.73 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Cape Verde 0 kWh (2008 est.)