Introductory material (continued 55)
Reading edition
French Guiana Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)
French Polynesia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif
Gabon Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, The Supreme Court
Georgia Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the president's or chairman of the Supreme Court's recommendation); Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts
Germany Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
Ghana Supreme Court
Gibraltar Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Greece Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council
Greenland High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)
Grenada Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of a court of Appeal and a High Court of Justice (a High Court judge is assigned to and resides in Grenada)
Guadeloupe Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
Guam Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president); Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor)
Guatemala Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the president, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)
Guernsey Royal Court
Guinea Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Guinea-Bissau Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Guyana Supreme Court of Judicature, consisting of the High Court and the Judicial Court of Appeal, with right of final appeal to the Caribbean Court of Justice
Haiti Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City) there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946
Honduras Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hungary Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)
Iceland Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
India Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")
Indonesia Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006
Iran Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
Iraq Supreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by the Presidency Council
Ireland Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet)
Isle of Man High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)
Israel Supreme Court (justices appointed by Judicial Selection Committee - made up of all three branches of the government; mandatory retirement age is 70)
Italy Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts)
Jamaica Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
Japan Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)
Jersey Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)
Jordan Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
Kazakhstan Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7 members)
Kenya Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court
Kiribati Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Korea, North Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)
Korea, South Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices appointed by president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)
Kuwait High Court of Appeal
Kyrgyzstan Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
Laos People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee)
Latvia Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament)
Lebanon four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed)
Lesotho High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court
Liberia Supreme Court
Libya Supreme Court
Liechtenstein Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Lithuania Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President
Luxembourg judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
Macau Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Macedonia Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges
Madagascar Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Malaysia Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)
Maldives High Court
Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Malta Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court
Martinique Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts
Mauritius Supreme Court
Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court
Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)
Montenegro Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)
Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)
Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)
Nauru Supreme Court
Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)
Netherlands Antilles Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)
New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
New Zealand Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - Judges appointed by the Governor-General
Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)
Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Nigeria Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court
Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and Shari'a law
Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court
Palau Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas
Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal
Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)
Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Philippines Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)
Pitcairn Islands Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor
Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Portugal Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Qatar Court of Appeal note: under a judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals
Reunion Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Romania Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Rwanda Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees
Saint Helena Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Samoa Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court
San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice
Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals
Serbia Constitutional Court (nine justices with life tenure)
Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)
Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)
Solomon Islands Court of Appeal
Somalia following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Shari'a (Islamic) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences
South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts
Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sudan Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary
Suriname Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life)
Swaziland High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)
Syria Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year terms by the President); High Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the President); Court of Cassation (national level); State Security Courts (hear cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce); Courts of First Instance (local level; include magistrate, summary, and peace courts)
Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)
Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Thailand Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)
Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Caribbean Court of Appeals member; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Turkey Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
United Kingdom House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary
United States Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate; appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts
Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)
Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna none; justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu
Yemen Supreme Court
Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2095 Labor force
Afghanistan 15 million (2004 est.)
Albania 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (2004 est.)
Algeria 10.15 million (2005 est.)
American Samoa 17,630 (2005)
Andorra 48,740 (2004)
Angola 5.58 million (2005 est.)
Anguilla 6,049 (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda 30,000
Argentina 15.34 million (2005 est.)
Armenia 1.2 million (2005)
Aruba 41,500 (2004 est.)
Australia 10.42 million (2005 est.)
Austria 3.49 million (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 5.45 million (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 176,300 (2004)
Bahrain 380,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 66.6 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99 (2005 est.)
Barbados 128,500 (2001 est.)
Belarus 4.3 million (31 December 2005)
Belgium 4.77 million (2005 est.)
Belize 90,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)
Benin 3.211 million
Bermuda 38,360 (2004)
Bhutan NA note: major shortage of skilled labor
Bolivia 4.22 million (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.026 million (2001)
Botswana 288,400 formal sector employees (2004)
Brazil 90.41 million (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 12,770 (2004)
Brunei 146,300 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 3.34 million (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)
Burma 27.75 million (2005 est.)
Burundi 2.99 million (2002)
Cambodia 7 million (2003 est.)
Cameroon 6.86 million (2005 est.)
Canada 16.3 million (December 2005)
Cape Verde 120,600
Cayman Islands 23,450 (2004)
Central African Republic NA
Chad 2.719 million
Chile 6.3 million (2005 est.)
China 791.4 million (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 20.52 million (2005)
Comoros 144,500 (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.51 million
Congo, Republic of the NA
Cook Islands 6,820 (2001)
Costa Rica 1.82 million (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 6.95 million (68% agricultural) (2005 est.)
Croatia 1.71 million (2005 est.)
Cuba 4.6 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2005 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 370,000, north Cyprus: 95,025 (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 5.27 million (2005 est.)
Denmark 2.9 million (2005 est.)
Djibouti 282,000 (2000)
Dominica 25,000 (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic 2.3 million-2.6 million (2000 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 4.6 million (urban) (2005 est.)
Egypt 21.34 million (2005 est.)
El Salvador 2.81 million (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea NA
Estonia 670,000 (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 27.27 million
European Union 218.5 million (2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,724 (est.)
Faroe Islands 24,250 (October 2000)
Fiji 137,000 (1999)
Finland 2.61 million (2005 est.)
France 27.72 million (2005 est.)
French Guiana 62,630 (1999)
French Polynesia 65,870 (December 2005)
Gabon 640,000 (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 400,000 (1996)
Gaza Strip 278,000 (April-June 2005)
Georgia 2.04 million (2004 est.)
Germany 43.32 million (2005 est.)
Ghana 10.62 million (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
Greece 4.72 million (2005 est.)
Greenland 24,500 (1999 est.)
Grenada 42,300 (1996)
Guadeloupe 191,400 (1999)
Guam 62,050 (2002 est.)
Guatemala 3.76 million (2005 est.)
Guernsey 32,290 (2001)
Guinea 3 million (1999)
Guinea-Bissau 480,000 (1999)
Guyana 418,000 (2001 est.)
Haiti 3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 2.54 million (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 3.61 million (October 2005)
Hungary 4.18 million (2005 est.)
Iceland 165,900 (2005 est.)
India 496.4 million (2005 est.)
Indonesia 94.2 million (2005 est.)
Iran 23.68 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)
Iraq 7.4 million (2004 est.)
Ireland 2.03 million (2005 est.)
Isle of Man 39,690 (2001)
Israel 2.42 million (2005 est.)
Italy 24.49 million (2005 est.)
Jamaica 1.2 million (2005 est.)
Japan 66.4 million (2005 est.)
Jersey 52,790 (2004)
Jordan 1.46 million (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 7.85 million (2005 est.)
Kenya 11.85 million (2005 est.)
Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.)
Korea, North 9.6 million
Korea, South 23.53 million (2005 est.)
Kuwait 1.67 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.7 million (2000)
Laos 2.8 million (2002 est.)
Latvia 1.11 million (2005 est.)
Lebanon 2.6 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2001 est.)
Lesotho 838,000 (2000)
Libya 1.64 million (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)
Lithuania 1.61 million (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 316,500 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2005 est.)
Macau 251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)
Macedonia 855,000 (2004 est.)
Madagascar 7.3 million (2000)
Malawi 4.5 million (2001 est.)
Malaysia 10.67 million (2005 est.)
Maldives 88,000 (2000)
Mali 3.93 million (2001 est.)
Malta 160,000 (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 14,680 (2000)
Martinique 165,900 (1998)
Mauritania 786,000 (2001)
Mauritius 570,000 (2005 est.)
Mayotte 44,560 (2002)
Mexico 43.4 million (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 37,410
Moldova 1.34 million (2005 est.)
Monaco 41,110 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)
Mongolia 1.488 million (2003)
Montenegro 259,100 (2004)
Montserrat 4,521 note: lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)
Morocco 11.19 million (2005 est.)
Mozambique 9.2 million (2000 est.)
Namibia 820,000 (2005 est.)
Nepal 10.4 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (2004 est.)
Netherlands 7.53 million (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 83,600 (2005)
New Caledonia 78,990 (including 11,300 unemployed) (2004)
New Zealand 2.13 million (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 2.01 million (2005 est.)
Niger 70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the public sector (2002 est.)
Nigeria 57.21 million (2005 est.)
Niue NA 663
Norfolk Island 1,345
Northern Mariana Islands 44,470 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (2000)
Norway 2.4 million (2005 est.)
Oman 920,000 (2002 est.)
Pakistan 46.84 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2005 est.)
Palau 9,777 (2005)
Panama 1.39 million note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 2.413 million (2004)
Paraguay 2.68 million (2005 est.)
Peru 9.06 million (2005 est.)
Philippines 36.73 million (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands 15 able-bodied men (2004)
Poland 17.1 million (2005 est.)
Portugal 5.52 million (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 1.3 million (2000)
Qatar 440,000 (2005 est.)
Reunion 299,000 (2002)
Romania 9.31 million (2005 est.)
Russia 74.22 million (2005 est.)
Rwanda 4.6 million (2000)
Saint Helena 2,486 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,170 (June 1995)
Saint Lucia 43,800 (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,261 (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 41,680 (1991 est.)
Samoa 90,000 (2000 est.)
San Marino 19,970 (2003)
Sao Tome and Principe 35,050
Saudi Arabia 6.76 million note: more than 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2005 est.)
Senegal 4.82 million (2005 est.)
Serbia 2.961 million for Serbia (including Kosovo) (2002 est.)
Seychelles 30,900 (1996)
Sierra Leone 1.369 million (1981 est.)
Singapore 2.28 million (September 2005 est.)
Slovakia 2.24 million (30 September 2005 est.)
Slovenia 920,000 (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 249,200 (1999)
Somalia 3.7 million (very few skilled laborers)
South Africa 15.23 million economically active (2005 est.)
Spain 20.67 million (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 8.08 million (2005 est.)
Sudan 7.415 million (1996 est.)
Suriname 156,700 (2004)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 155,700 (2003)
Sweden 4.49 million (2005 est.)
Switzerland 3.8 million (2005 est.)
Syria 5.12 million (2004 est.)
Taiwan 10.6 million (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 3.7 million (2003)
Tanzania 19.22 million (2005 est.)
Thailand 35.36 million (2005 est.)
Togo 1.302 million (1998)
Tokelau 440
Tonga 33,910 (2003)
Trinidad and Tobago 620,000 (2005 est.)
Tunisia 3.41 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)
Turkey 24.7 million note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 2.32 million (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 (1990 est.)
Tuvalu 3,615 (2004 est.)
Uganda 13.17 million (2005 est.)
Ukraine 22.67 million (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.8 million (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 30.07 million (2005 est.)
United States 149.3 million (includes unemployed) (2005 est.)
Uruguay 1.52 million (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 14.26 million (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 76,410
Venezuela 12.31 million (2005 est.)
Vietnam 44.39 million (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 43,980 (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA 3,104
West Bank 614,000 (April-June 2005)
Western Sahara 12,000
World 3.001 billion (2005 est.)
Yemen 5.83 million (2005 est.)
Zambia 4.8 million (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 3.94 million (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
======================================================================
@2096 Land boundaries (km)
Afghanistan total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km
Akrotiri total: 47.4 km border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km
Albania total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Montenegro 172 km, Serbia 115 km
Algeria total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km
American Samoa 0 km
Andorra total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Angola total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Anguilla 0 km
Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on Disputes - international
Antigua and Barbuda 0 km
Argentina total: 9,665 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km
Armenia total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
Aruba 0 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 km
Australia 0 km
Austria total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
Azerbaijan total: 2,013 km border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
Bahamas, The 0 km
Bahrain 0 km
Baker Island 0 km
Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
Barbados 0 km
Bassas da India 0 km
Belarus total: 2,900 km border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
Belgium total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km
Belize total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km
Benin total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km
Bermuda 0 km
Bhutan total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
Bolivia total: 6,743 km border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Montenegro 225 km, Serbia 302 km
Botswana total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Bouvet Island 0 km
Brazil total: 16,884.4 km border countries: Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730.4 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,199 km
British Indian Ocean Territory 0 km
British Virgin Islands 0 km
Brunei total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Bulgaria total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km
Burkina Faso total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km
Burma total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km
Burundi total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Cambodia total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Cameroon total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
Cape Verde 0 km
Cayman Islands 0 km
Central African Republic total: 5,203 km border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km
Chad total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Chile total: 6,339 km border countries: Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km
China total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km
Christmas Island 0 km
Clipperton Island 0 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 km
Colombia total: 6,004 km border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km
Comoros 0 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km
Congo, Republic of the total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km
Cook Islands 0 km
Coral Sea Islands 0 km
Costa Rica total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km
Cote d'Ivoire total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Croatia total: 2,197 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 670 km
Cuba total: 29 km border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba
Cyprus total: NA; note - boundary with Dhekelia is being resurveyed border countries: Akrotiri 47.4 km, Dhekelia NA
Czech Republic total: 2,290.2 km border countries: Austria 466.3 km, Germany 810.3 km, Poland 761.8 km, Slovakia 251.8 km
Denmark total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km
Dhekelia total: NA; note - boundary with Cyprus is being resurveyed
Djibouti total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Dominica 0 km
Dominican Republic total: 360 km border countries: Haiti 360 km
East Timor total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km
Ecuador total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Egypt total: 2,665 km border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km
El Salvador total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Equatorial Guinea total: 539 km border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Eritrea total: 1,626 km border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
Estonia total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Ethiopia total: 5,328 km border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Europa Island 0 km
European Union total: 11,214.8 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Andorra 120.3 km, Belarus 1,050 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Croatia 999 km, Holy See 3.2 km, Liechtenstein 34.9 km, Macedonia 246 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km, Romania 443 km, Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia 151 km, Switzerland 1,811 km, Turkey 206 km, Ukraine 726 km note: data for European Continent only
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 km
Faroe Islands 0 km
Fiji 0 km
Finland total: 2,681 km border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
France total: 2,889 km border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km
French Guiana total: 1,240.4 km border countries: Brazil 730.4 km, Suriname 510 km
French Polynesia 0 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 km
Gabon total: 2,551 km border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km
Gambia, The total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km
Gaza Strip total: 62 km border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Georgia total: 1,461 km border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Germany total: 3,621 km border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
Ghana total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Gibraltar total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Glorioso Islands 0 km
Greece total: 1,228 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km
Greenland 0 km
Grenada 0 km
Guadeloupe total: 15 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 15 km
Guam 0 km
Guatemala total: 1,687 km border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km
Guernsey 0 km
Guinea total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Guinea-Bissau total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Guyana total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
Haiti total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 km
Holy See (Vatican City) total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Honduras total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Hong Kong total: 30 km regional border: China 30 km
Howland Island 0 km
Hungary total: 2,171 km border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
Iceland 0 km
Iles Eparses none
India total: 14,103 km border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km
Indonesia total: 2,830 km border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Iran total: 5,440 km border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km
Iraq total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km
Ireland total: 360 km border countries: UK 360 km
Isle of Man 0 km
Israel total: 1,017 km border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km
Italy total: 1,932.2 km border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km
Jamaica 0 km
Jan Mayen 0 km
Japan 0 km
Jarvis Island 0 km
Jersey 0 km
Johnston Atoll 0 km
Jordan total: 1,635 km border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
Juan de Nova Island 0 km
Kazakhstan total: 12,012 km border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Kenya total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Kingman Reef 0 km
Kiribati 0 km
Korea, North total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km
Korea, South total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km
Kuwait total: 462 km border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km
Kyrgyzstan total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Laos total: 5,083 km border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km
Latvia total: 1,368 km border countries: Belarus 167 km, Estonia 343 km, Lithuania 576 km, Russia 282 km
Lebanon total: 454 km border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
Lesotho total: 909 km border countries: South Africa 909 km
Liberia total: 1,585 km border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km
Libya total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Liechtenstein total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Lithuania total: 1,613 km border countries: Belarus 653.5 km, Latvia 588 km, Poland 103.7 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 267.8 km
Luxembourg total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Macau total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Macedonia total: 766 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia 221 km
Madagascar 0 km
Malawi total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Malaysia total: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Maldives 0 km
Mali total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Malta 0 km
Marshall Islands 0 km
Martinique 0 km
Mauritania total: 5,074 km border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km
Mauritius 0 km
Mayotte 0 km
Mexico total: 4,353 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km
Micronesia, Federated States of 0 km
Midway Islands 0 km
Moldova total: 1,389 km border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Monaco total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Mongolia total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km
Montenegro total: 625 km border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km
Montserrat 0 km
Morocco total: 2,017.9 km border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
Mozambique total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Namibia total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km
Nauru 0 km
Navassa Island 0 km
Nepal total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Netherlands total: 1,027 km border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km
Netherlands Antilles total: 15 km border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint-Martin) 15 km
New Caledonia 0 km
New Zealand 0 km
Nicaragua total: 1,231 km border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km
Niger total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Nigeria total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Niue 0 km
Norfolk Island 0 km
Northern Mariana Islands 0 km
Norway total: 2,542 km border countries: Finland 727 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km
Oman total: 1,374 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Pakistan total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Palau 0 km
Palmyra Atoll 0 km
Panama total: 555 km border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km
Papua New Guinea total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Paracel Islands 0 km
Paraguay total: 3,920 km border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km
Peru total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Philippines 0 km
Pitcairn Islands 0 km
Poland total: 3,056 km border countries: Belarus 416 km, Czech Republic 790 km, Germany 467 km, Lithuania 103 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 210 km, Slovakia 541 km, Ukraine 529 km
Portugal total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Puerto Rico 0 km
Qatar total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Reunion 0 km
Romania total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Russia total: 20,096.5 km border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,340 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 280.5 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 232 km, Ukraine 1,576 km
Rwanda total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Saint Helena 0 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 km
Saint Lucia 0 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 km
Samoa 0 km
San Marino total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Sao Tome and Principe 0 km
Saudi Arabia total: 4,431 km border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km
Senegal total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Serbia total: 2,027 km border countries: Albania 115 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Montenegro 203 km, Romania 476 km
Seychelles 0 km
Sierra Leone total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Singapore 0 km
Slovakia total: 1,524 km border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km
Slovenia total: 1,382 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 280 km
Solomon Islands 0 km
Somalia total: 2,340 km border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km
South Africa total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 km
Spain total: 1,917.8 km border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Spratly Islands 0 km
Sri Lanka 0 km
Sudan total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Suriname total: 1,707 km border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km
Svalbard 0 km
Swaziland total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Sweden total: 2,233 km border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
Switzerland total: 1,852 km border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km
Syria total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km
Taiwan 0 km
Tajikistan total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Tanzania total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Thailand total: 4,863 km border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
Togo total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Tokelau 0 km
Tonga 0 km
Trinidad and Tobago 0 km
Tromelin Island 0 km
Tunisia total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Turkey total: 2,648 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
Turkmenistan total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 km
Tuvalu 0 km
Uganda total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Ukraine total: 4,663 km border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km
United Arab Emirates total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
United Kingdom total: 360 km border countries: Ireland 360 km
United States total: 12,034 km border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28 km
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges none
Uruguay total: 1,564 km border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Uzbekistan total: 6,221 km border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Vanuatu 0 km
Venezuela total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
Vietnam total: 4,639 km border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Virgin Islands 0 km
Wake Island 0 km
Wallis and Futuna 0 km
West Bank total: 404 km border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
Western Sahara total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
World the land boundaries in the world total 250,708 km (not counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia, each border 14 other countries note: 44 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked
Yemen total: 1,746 km border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Zambia total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Zimbabwe total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2097 Land use (%)
Afghanistan arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 87.66% (2005)
Albania arable land: 20.1% permanent crops: 4.21% other: 75.69% (2005)
Algeria arable land: 3.17% permanent crops: 0.28% other: 96.55% (2005)
American Samoa arable land: 10% permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2005)
Andorra arable land: 2.13% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.87% (2005)
Angola arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 97.12% (2005)
Anguilla arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2005)
Antarctica arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (2005)
Antigua and Barbuda arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2005)
Argentina arable land: 10.03% permanent crops: 0.36% other: 89.61% (2005)
Armenia arable land: 16.78% permanent crops: 2.01% other: 81.21% (2005)
Aruba arable land: 10.53% permanent crops: 0% other: 89.47% (2005)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Australia arable land: 6.15% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland) permanent crops: 0.04% other: 93.81% (2005)
Austria arable land: 16.59% permanent crops: 0.85% other: 82.56% (2005)
Azerbaijan arable land: 20.62% permanent crops: 2.61% other: 76.77% (2005)
Bahamas, The arable land: 0.58% permanent crops: 0.29% other: 99.13% (2005)
Bahrain arable land: 2.82% permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2005)
Baker Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Bangladesh arable land: 55.39% permanent crops: 3.08% other: 41.53% (2005)
Barbados arable land: 37.21% permanent crops: 2.33% other: 60.46% (2005)
Bassas da India arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all rock) (2005)
Belarus arable land: 26.77% permanent crops: 0.6% other: 72.63% (2005)
Belgium arable land: 27.42% permanent crops: 0.69% other: 71.89% note: includes Luxembourg (2005)
Belize arable land: 3.05% permanent crops: 1.39% other: 95.56% (2005)
Benin arable land: 23.53% permanent crops: 2.37% other: 74.1% (2005)
Bermuda arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2005)
Bhutan arable land: 2.3% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 97.27% (2005)
Bolivia arable land: 2.78% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 97.03% (2005)
Bosnia and Herzegovina arable land: 19.61% permanent crops: 1.89% other: 78.5% (2005)
Botswana arable land: 0.65% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.34% (2005)
Bouvet Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2005)
Brazil arable land: 6.93% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.18% (2005)
British Indian Ocean Territory arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
British Virgin Islands arable land: 20% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 73.33% (2005)
Brunei arable land: 2.08% permanent crops: 0.87% other: 97.05% (2005)
Bulgaria arable land: 29.94% permanent crops: 1.9% other: 68.16% (2005)
Burkina Faso arable land: 17.66% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 82.12% (2005)
Burma arable land: 14.92% permanent crops: 1.31% other: 83.77% (2005)
Burundi arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)
Cambodia arable land: 20.44% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 78.97% (2005)
Cameroon arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 2.52% other: 84.94% (2005)
Canada arable land: 4.57% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 94.78% (2005)
Cape Verde arable land: 11.41% permanent crops: 0.74% other: 87.85% (2005)
Cayman Islands arable land: 3.85% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.15% (2005)
Central African Republic arable land: 3.1% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 96.75% (2005)
Chad arable land: 2.8% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.18% (2005)
Chile arable land: 2.62% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.95% (2005)
China arable land: 14.86% permanent crops: 1.27% other: 83.87% (2005)
Christmas Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Clipperton Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all coral) (2005)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Colombia arable land: 2.01% permanent crops: 1.37% other: 96.62% (2005)
Comoros arable land: 35.87% permanent crops: 23.32% other: 40.81% (2005)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.67% (2005)
Congo, Republic of the arable land: 1.45% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 98.4% (2005)
Cook Islands arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 8.33% other: 75% (2005)
Coral Sea Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2005)
Costa Rica arable land: 4.4% permanent crops: 5.87% other: 89.73% (2005)
Cote d'Ivoire arable land: 10.23% permanent crops: 11.16% other: 78.61% (2005)
Croatia arable land: 25.82% permanent crops: 2.19% other: 71.99% (2005)
Cuba arable land: 27.63% permanent crops: 6.54% other: 65.83% (2005)
Cyprus arable land: 10.81% permanent crops: 4.32% other: 84.87% (2005)
Czech Republic arable land: 38.82% permanent crops: 3% other: 58.18% (2005)
Denmark arable land: 52.59% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 47.22% (2005)
Djibouti arable land: 0.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.96% (2005)
Dominica arable land: 6.67% permanent crops: 21.33% other: 72% (2005)
Dominican Republic arable land: 22.49% permanent crops: 10.26% other: 67.25% (2005)
East Timor arable land: 8.2% permanent crops: 4.57% other: 87.23% (2005)
Ecuador arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 4.81% other: 89.48% (2005)
Egypt arable land: 2.92% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 96.58% (2005)
El Salvador arable land: 31.37% permanent crops: 11.88% other: 56.75% (2005)
Equatorial Guinea arable land: 4.63% permanent crops: 3.57% other: 91.8% (2005)
Eritrea arable land: 4.78% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 95.19% (2005)
Estonia arable land: 12.05% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 87.6% (2005)
Ethiopia arable land: 10.01% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 89.34% (2005)
Europa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (2005)
European Union arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)
Faroe Islands arable land: 2.14% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.86% (2005)
Fiji arable land: 10.95% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.4% (2005)
Finland arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 93.44% (2005)
France arable land: 33.46% permanent crops: 2.03% other: 64.51% (2005)
French Guiana arable land: 0.13% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other) (2005)
French Polynesia arable land: 0.75% permanent crops: 5.5% other: 93.75% (2005)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Gabon arable land: 1.21% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 98.15% (2005)
Gambia, The arable land: 27.88% permanent crops: 0.44% other: 71.68% (2005)
Gaza Strip arable land: 29% permanent crops: 21% other: 50% (2002)
Georgia arable land: 11.51% permanent crops: 3.79% other: 84.7% (2005)
Germany arable land: 33.13% permanent crops: 0.6% other: 66.27% (2005)
Ghana arable land: 17.54% permanent crops: 9.22% other: 73.24% (2005)
Gibraltar arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Glorioso Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (2005)
Greece arable land: 20.45% permanent crops: 8.59% other: 70.96% (2005)
Greenland arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Grenada arable land: 5.88% permanent crops: 29.41% other: 64.71% (2005)
Guadeloupe arable land: 11.7% permanent crops: 2.92% other: 85.38% (2005)
Guam arable land: 3.64% permanent crops: 18.18% other: 78.18% (2005)
Guatemala arable land: 13.22% permanent crops: 5.6% other: 81.18% (2005)
Guernsey arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Guinea arable land: 4.47% permanent crops: 2.64% other: 92.89% (2005)
Guinea-Bissau arable land: 8.31% permanent crops: 6.92% other: 84.77% (2005)
Guyana arable land: 2.23% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 97.63% (2005)
Haiti arable land: 28.11% permanent crops: 11.53% other: 60.36% (2005)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Holy See (Vatican City) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Honduras arable land: 9.53% permanent crops: 3.21% other: 87.26% (2005)
Hong Kong arable land: 5.05% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 93.94% (2001)
Howland Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Hungary arable land: 49.58% permanent crops: 2.06% other: 48.36% (2005)
Iceland arable land: 0.07% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2005)
Iles Eparses Bassas da India - 100% rock, coral reef, and sand; Europa Island - 100% mangrove swamp and dry woodlands; Glorioso Islands - 100% lush vegetation and coconut palms; Juan de Nova Island - 90% forest, 10% other; Tromelin Island - 100% grasses and scattered brush
India arable land: 48.83% permanent crops: 2.8% other: 48.37% (2005)
Indonesia arable land: 11.03% permanent crops: 7.04% other: 81.93% (2005)
Iran arable land: 9.78% permanent crops: 1.29% other: 88.93% (2005)
Iraq arable land: 13.12% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 86.27% (2005)
Ireland arable land: 16.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 83.15% (2005)
Isle of Man arable land: 9% permanent crops: 0% other: 91% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland) (2002)
Israel arable land: 15.45% permanent crops: 3.88% other: 80.67% (2005)
Italy arable land: 26.41% permanent crops: 9.09% other: 64.5% (2005)
Jamaica arable land: 15.83% permanent crops: 10.01% other: 74.16% (2005)
Jan Mayen arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Japan arable land: 11.64% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 87.46% (2005)
Jarvis Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Jersey arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Johnston Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Jordan arable land: 3.32% permanent crops: 1.18% other: 95.5% (2005)
Juan de Nova Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (90% forest) (2005)
Kazakhstan arable land: 8.28% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 91.67% (2005)
Kenya arable land: 8.01% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 91.02% (2005)
Kingman Reef arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Kiribati arable land: 2.74% permanent crops: 47.95% other: 49.31% (2005)
Korea, North arable land: 22.4% permanent crops: 1.66% other: 75.94% (2005)
Korea, South arable land: 16.58% permanent crops: 2.01% other: 81.41% (2005)
Kuwait arable land: 0.84% permanent crops: 0.17% other: 98.99% (2005)
Kyrgyzstan arable land: 6.55% permanent crops: 0.28% other: 93.17% note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (2005)
Laos arable land: 4.01% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 95.65% (2005)
Latvia arable land: 28.19% permanent crops: 0.45% other: 71.36% (2005)
Lebanon arable land: 16.35% permanent crops: 13.75% other: 69.9% (2005)
Lesotho arable land: 10.87% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 89% (2005)
Liberia arable land: 3.43% permanent crops: 1.98% other: 94.59% (2005)
Libya arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 98.78% (2005)
Liechtenstein arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2005)
Lithuania arable land: 44.81% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 54.29% (2005)
Luxembourg arable land: 23.94% permanent crops: 0.39% other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005)
Macau arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Macedonia arable land: 22.01% permanent crops: 1.79% other: 76.2% (2005)
Madagascar arable land: 5.03% permanent crops: 1.02% other: 93.95% (2005)
Malawi arable land: 20.68% permanent crops: 1.18% other: 78.14% (2005)
Malaysia arable land: 5.46% permanent crops: 17.54% other: 77% (2005)
Maldives arable land: 13.33% permanent crops: 30% other: 56.67% (2005)
Mali arable land: 3.76% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.21% (2005)
Malta arable land: 31.25% permanent crops: 3.13% other: 65.62% (2005)
Marshall Islands arable land: 11.11% permanent crops: 44.44% other: 44.45% (2005)
Martinique arable land: 9.09% permanent crops: 10% other: 80.91% (2005)
Mauritania arable land: 0.2% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.79% (2005)
Mauritius arable land: 49.02% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 48.04% (2005)
Mayotte arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Mexico arable land: 12.66% permanent crops: 1.28% other: 86.06% (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2005)
Midway Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Moldova arable land: 54.52% permanent crops: 8.81% other: 36.67% (2005)
Monaco arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Mongolia arable land: 0.76% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.24% (2005)
Montenegro arable land: 13.7% permanent crops: 1% other: 85.3%
Montserrat arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (2005)
Morocco arable land: 19% permanent crops: 2% other: 79% (2005)
Mozambique arable land: 5.43% permanent crops: 0.29% other: 94.28% (2005)
Namibia arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99% (2005)
Nauru arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Navassa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Nepal arable land: 16.07% permanent crops: 0.85% other: 83.08% (2005)
Netherlands arable land: 21.96% permanent crops: 0.77% other: 77.27% (2005)
Netherlands Antilles arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% other: 90% (2005)
New Caledonia arable land: 0.32% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 99.46% (2005)
New Zealand arable land: 5.54% permanent crops: 6.92% other: 87.54% (2005)
Nicaragua arable land: 14.81% permanent crops: 1.82% other: 83.37% (2005)
Niger arable land: 11.43% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 88.56% (2005)
Nigeria arable land: 33.02% permanent crops: 3.14% other: 63.84% (2005)
Niue arable land: 11.54% permanent crops: 15.38% other: 73.08% (2005)
Norfolk Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Northern Mariana Islands arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 82.61% (2005)
Norway arable land: 2.7% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.3% (2005)
Oman arable land: 0.12% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 99.74% (2005)
Pakistan arable land: 24.44% permanent crops: 0.84% other: 74.72% (2005)
Palau arable land: 8.7% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 86.95% (2005)
Palmyra Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (2005)
Panama arable land: 7.26% permanent crops: 1.95% other: 90.79% (2005)
Papua New Guinea arable land: 0.49% permanent crops: 1.4% other: 98.11% (2005)
Paracel Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Paraguay arable land: 7.47% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 92.29% (2005)
Peru arable land: 2.88% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.65% (2005)
Philippines arable land: 19% permanent crops: 16.67% other: 64.33% (2005)
Pitcairn Islands arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Poland arable land: 40.25% permanent crops: 1% other: 58.75% (2005)
Portugal arable land: 17.29% permanent crops: 7.84% other: 74.87% (2005)
Puerto Rico arable land: 3.69% permanent crops: 5.59% other: 90.72% (2005)
Qatar arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.09% (2005)
Reunion arable land: 13.94% permanent crops: 1.59% other: 84.47% (2005)
Romania arable land: 39.49% permanent crops: 1.92% other: 58.59% (2005)
Russia arable land: 7.17% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 92.72% (2005)
Rwanda arable land: 45.56% permanent crops: 10.25% other: 44.19% (2005)
Saint Helena arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land: 19.44% permanent crops: 2.78% other: 77.78% (2005)
Saint Lucia arable land: 6.45% permanent crops: 22.58% other: 70.97% (2005)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon arable land: 12.5% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.5% (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines arable land: 17.95% permanent crops: 17.95% other: 64.1% (2005)
Samoa arable land: 21.13% permanent crops: 24.3% other: 54.57% (2005)
San Marino arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2005)
Sao Tome and Principe arable land: 8.33% permanent crops: 48.96% other: 42.71% (2005)
Saudi Arabia arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.09% other: 98.24% (2005)
Senegal arable land: 12.51% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 87.25% (2005)
Serbia arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA
Seychelles arable land: 2.17% permanent crops: 13.04% other: 84.79% (2005)
Sierra Leone arable land: 7.95% permanent crops: 1.05% other: 91% (2005)
Singapore arable land: 1.47% permanent crops: 1.47% other: 97.06% (2005)
Slovakia arable land: 29.23% permanent crops: 2.67% other: 68.1% (2005)
Slovenia arable land: 8.53% permanent crops: 1.43% other: 90.04% (2005)
Solomon Islands arable land: 0.62% permanent crops: 2.04% other: 97.34% (2005)
Somalia arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.32% (2005)
South Africa arable land: 12.1% permanent crops: 0.79% other: 87.11% (2005)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)
Spain arable land: 27.18% permanent crops: 9.85% other: 62.97% (2005)
Spratly Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Sri Lanka arable land: 13.96% permanent crops: 15.24% other: 70.8% (2005)
Sudan arable land: 6.78% permanent crops: 0.17% other: 93.05% (2005)
Suriname arable land: 0.36% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 99.58% (2005)
Svalbard arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Swaziland arable land: 10.25% permanent crops: 0.81% other: 88.94% (2005)
Sweden arable land: 5.93% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 94.06% (2005)
Switzerland arable land: 9.91% permanent crops: 0.58% other: 89.51% (2005)
Syria arable land: 24.8% permanent crops: 4.47% other: 70.73% (2005)
Taiwan arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% other: 75% (2001)
Tajikistan arable land: 6.52% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.59% (2005)
Tanzania arable land: 4.23% permanent crops: 1.16% other: 94.61% (2005)
Thailand arable land: 27.54% permanent crops: 6.93% other: 65.53% (2005)
Togo arable land: 44.2% permanent crops: 2.11% other: 53.69% (2005)
Tokelau arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Tonga arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (2005)
Tromelin Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (2005)
Tunisia arable land: 17.05% permanent crops: 13.08% other: 69.87% (2005)
Turkey arable land: 29.81% permanent crops: 3.39% other: 66.8% (2005)
Turkmenistan arable land: 4.51% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 95.35% (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islands arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2005)
Tuvalu arable land: 0% permanent crops: 66.67% other: 33.33% (2005)
Uganda arable land: 21.57% permanent crops: 8.92% other: 69.51% (2005)
Ukraine arable land: 53.8% permanent crops: 1.5% other: 44.7% (2005)
United Arab Emirates arable land: 0.77% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 96.96% (2005)
United Kingdom arable land: 23.23% permanent crops: 0.2% other: 76.57% (2005)
United States arable land: 18.01% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 81.78% (2005)
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Uruguay arable land: 7.77% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 91.99% (2005)
Uzbekistan arable land: 10.51% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 88.73% (2005)
Vanuatu arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 6.97% other: 91.39% (2005)
Venezuela arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 0.88% other: 96.27% (2005)
Vietnam arable land: 20.14% permanent crops: 6.93% other: 72.93% (2005)
Virgin Islands arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 2.86% other: 91.43% (2005)
Wake Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Wallis and Futuna arable land: 7.14% permanent crops: 35.71% other: 57.15% (2005)
West Bank arable land: 16.9% permanent crops: 18.97% other: 64.13% (2001)
Western Sahara arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2005)
World arable land: 13.31% permanent crops: 4.71% other: 81.98% (2005)
Yemen arable land: 2.91% permanent crops: 0.25% other: 96.84% (2005)
Zambia arable land: 6.99% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 92.97% (2005)
Zimbabwe arable land: 8.24% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 91.43% (2005)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2098 Languages (%)
Afghanistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Akrotiri English, Greek
Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects
Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
American Samoa Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)
Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Anguilla English (official)
Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects
Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)
Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Australia English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)
Austria German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas, The English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrain Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Barbados English
Belarus Belarusian, Russian, other
Belgium Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
Belize English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
Bermuda English (official), Portuguese
Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Bolivia Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Botswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Brazil Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
British Virgin Islands English (official)
Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Burma Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Cambodia Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Canada English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%
Cape Verde Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Cayman Islands English
Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Chile Spanish
China Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
Christmas Island English (official), Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Malay (Cocos dialect), English
Colombia Spanish
Comoros Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Cook Islands English (official), Maori
Costa Rica Spanish (official), English
Cote d'Ivoire French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken
Croatia Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)
Cuba Spanish
Cyprus Greek, Turkish, English
Czech Republic Czech
Denmark Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language
Dhekelia English, Greek
Djibouti French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominica English (official), French patois
Dominican Republic Spanish
East Timor Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Ecuador Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egypt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Eritrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
Ethiopia Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
European Union Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed; Irish (Gaelic) will become the 21st language on 1 January 2007
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English
Faroe Islands Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fiji English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani
Finland Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
France French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
French Guiana French
French Polynesia French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)
Gabon French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Gambia, The English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Strip Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Georgia Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7% note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Germany German
Ghana English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Gibraltar English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Greece Greek 99% (official), English, French
Greenland Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Grenada English (official), French patois
Guadeloupe French (official) 99%, Creole patois
Guam English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census)
Guatemala Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Guinea French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Guyana English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti French (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City) Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Honduras Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Hungary Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Iceland Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
India English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language
Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Iran Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Ireland English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Isle of Man English, Manx Gaelic
Israel Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language
Italy Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamaica English, patois English
Japan Japanese
Jersey English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)
Jordan Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes
Kazakhstan Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Kenya English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Kiribati I-Kiribati, English (official)
Korea, North Korean
Korea, South Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school
Kuwait Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz (official), Russian (official)
Laos Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Latvia Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)
Lebanon Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence
Libya Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Liechtenstein German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
Luxembourg Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Macau Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Macedonia Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
Madagascar French (official), Malagasy (official)
Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)
Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta Maltese (official), English (official)
Marshall Islands Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census) note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
Martinique French, Creole patois
Mauritania Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof
Mauritius Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Mayotte Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Mexico Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Micronesia, Federated States of English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldova Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Montenegro Serbian (Ijekavian dialect - official), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian
Montserrat English
Morocco Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages (Oshivambo, Herero, Nama)
Nauru Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Nepal Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census) note: many in government and business also speak English
Netherlands Dutch (official), Frisian (official)
Netherlands Antilles Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
New Caledonia French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New Zealand English (official), Maori (official)
Nicaragua Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Niue Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Norfolk Island English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana Islands Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)
Norway Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official in six municipalities
Oman Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)
Panama Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)
Paraguay Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Philippines two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Pitcairn Islands English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Poland Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
Portugal Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Puerto Rico Spanish, English
Qatar Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Reunion French (official), Creole widely used
Romania Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Russia Russian, many minority languages
Rwanda Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Saint Helena English
Saint Kitts and Nevis English
Saint Lucia English (official), French patois
Saint Pierre and Miquelon French (official)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines English, French patois
Samoa Samoan (Polynesian), English
San Marino Italian
Sao Tome and Principe Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia Arabic
Senegal French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia Serbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
Seychelles Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
Sierra Leone English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapore Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)
Slovakia Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
Slovenia Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population note: 120 indigenous languages
Somalia Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)
Spain Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%; note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
Sri Lanka Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8% note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process
Suriname Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard Norwegian, Russian
Swaziland English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Sweden Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census) note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national languages, but only the first three are official languages
Syria Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Taiwan Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tajikistan Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Thailand Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Togo French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Tokelau Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga Tongan, English
Trinidad and Tobago English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Turkey Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the Europe part of Turkey
Turkmenistan Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos Islands English (official)
Tuvalu Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities
United Arab Emirates Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
United States English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
Uruguay Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Uzbekistan Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)
Venezuela Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin Islands English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)
West Bank Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Western Sahara Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
World Mandarin Chinese 13.69%, Spanish 5.05%, English 4.84%, Hindi 2.82%, Portuguese 2.77%, Bengali 2.68%, Russian 2.27%, Japanese 1.99%, Standard German 1.49%, Wu Chinese 1.21% (2004 est.) note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Yemen Arabic
Zambia English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2100 Legal system
Afghanistan according to the new constitution, no law should be "contrary to Islam"; the state is obliged to create a prosperous and progressive society based on social justice, protection of human dignity, protection of human rights, realization of democracy, and to ensure national unity and equality among all ethnic groups and tribes; the state shall abide by the UN charter, international treaties, international conventions that Afghanistan signed, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Akrotiri the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Albania has a civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; has accepted jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for its citizens
Algeria socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
American Samoa NA
Andorra based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Angola based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
Anguilla based on English common law
Antarctica Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extraterritorially; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or visit their website at www.nsf.gov; more generally, access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees south latitude, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty
Antigua and Barbuda based on English common law
Argentina mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Armenia based on civil law system
Aruba based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
Ashmore and Cartier Islands the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Australia based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Austria civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Azerbaijan based on civil law system
Bahamas, The based on English common law
Bahrain based on Islamic law and English common law
Baker Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Bangladesh based on English common law
Barbados English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Bassas da India the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Belarus based on civil law system
Belgium civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Belize English law
Benin based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bermuda English law
Bhutan based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bolivia based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bosnia and Herzegovina based on civil law system
Botswana based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Bouvet Island the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Brazil based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
British Indian Ocean Territory the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
British Virgin Islands English law
Brunei based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Bulgaria civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burkina Faso based on French civil law system and customary law
Burma has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burundi based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cambodia primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Cameroon based on French civil law system, with common law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Canada based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Cape Verde derived from the legal system of Portugal
Cayman Islands British common law and local statutes
Central African Republic based on French law
Chad based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Chile based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; note - in June 2005, Chile completed overhaul of its criminal justice system to a new, US-style adversarial system
China based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Christmas Island under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Clipperton Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Cocos (Keeling) Islands based upon the laws of Australia and local laws
Colombia based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004 and is gradually being implemented; judicial review of executive and legislative acts
Comoros French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code
Congo, Democratic Republic of the a new constitution was adopted by referendum 18 December 2005; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Congo, Republic of the based on French civil law system and customary law