Introductory material (continued 48)

Uzbekistan name: Tashkent (Toshkent) geographic coordinates: 41 20 N, 69 18 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Vanuatu name: Port-Vila (on Efate) geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Venezuela name: Caracas geographic coordinates: 10 30 N, 66 56 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Vietnam name: Hanoi geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Virgin Islands name: Charlotte Amalie geographic coordinates: 18 21 N, 64 56 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Wallis and Futuna name: Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea) geographic coordinates: 13 57 S, 171 56 W time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Western Sahara none time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Yemen name: Sanaa geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Zambia name: Lusaka geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Zimbabwe name: Harare geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2058 Imports - commodities

Afghanistan capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products

Albania machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals

Algeria capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods

American Samoa materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% (2004 est.)

Andorra consumer goods, food, electricity

Angola machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Anguilla fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles

Antigua and Barbuda food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil

Argentina machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics

Armenia natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds

Aruba machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs

Australia machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products

Austria machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs

Azerbaijan machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals

Bahamas, The machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals

Bahrain crude oil, machinery, chemicals

Bangladesh machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement (2000)

Barbados consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components

Belarus mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals

Belgium machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products

Belize machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco

Benin foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products

Bermuda clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals

Bhutan fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice

Bolivia petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans

Bosnia and Herzegovina machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Botswana foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products

Brazil machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil

British Virgin Islands building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery

Brunei machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals

Bulgaria machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Burkina Faso capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum

Burma fabric, petroleum products, plastics, machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, crude oil; food products

Burundi capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Cambodia petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products

Cameroon machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food

Canada machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods

Cape Verde foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels

Cayman Islands foodstuffs, manufactured goods

Central African Republic food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Chad machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Chile petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas

China machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel

Christmas Island consumer goods

Cocos (Keeling) Islands foodstuffs

Colombia industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Comoros rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment

Congo, Democratic Republic of the foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels

Congo, Republic of the capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs

Cook Islands foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods

Costa Rica raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum

Cote d'Ivoire fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs

Croatia machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Cuba petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment; north Cyprus: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery

Czech Republic machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003)

Denmark machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods

Djibouti foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products

Dominica manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals

Dominican Republic foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals

East Timor food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery

Ecuador vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity

Egypt machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

El Salvador raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

Equatorial Guinea petroleum sector equipment, other equipment

Eritrea machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods (2000)

Estonia machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles 10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)

Ethiopia food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles

European Union machinery, vehicles, aircraft, plastics, crude oil, chemicals, textiles, metals, foodstuffs, clothing

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing

Faroe Islands consumer goods 36%, raw materials and semi-manufactures 32%, machinery and transport equipment 29%, fuels, fish, salt (1999)

Fiji manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals

Finland foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

France machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals

French Guiana food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals

French Polynesia fuels, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment

Gabon machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials

Gambia, The foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment

Gaza Strip food, consumer goods, construction materials

Georgia fuels, machinery and parts, transport equipment, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals

Germany machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

Ghana capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

Gibraltar fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs

Greece machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals

Greenland machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products

Grenada food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel

Guadeloupe foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials

Guam petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Guatemala fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity

Guernsey coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment

Guinea petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs

Guinea-Bissau foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products

Guyana manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food

Haiti food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials

Honduras machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs (2000)

Hong Kong raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is re-exported)

Hungary machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003)

Iceland machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles

India crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Indonesia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Iran industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services, military supplies

Iraq food, medicine, manufactures

Ireland data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing

Isle of Man timber, fertilizers, fish

Israel raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods

Italy engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, and tobacco

Jamaica food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials

Japan machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials (2001)

Jersey machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals

Jordan crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods

Kazakhstan machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001)

Kenya machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics

Kiribati foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel

Korea, North petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grain

Korea, South machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics

Kuwait food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing

Kyrgyzstan oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Laos machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods

Latvia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, vehicles

Lebanon petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco

Lesotho food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products (2000)

Liberia fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs

Libya machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products

Liechtenstein agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles

Lithuania mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals

Luxembourg minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods

Macau raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils

Macedonia machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products

Madagascar capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food

Malawi food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment

Malaysia electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals

Maldives petroleum products, ships, foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, intermediate and capital goods

Mali petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles

Malta machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, tobacco

Marshall Islands foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco

Martinique petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods

Mauritania machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods

Mauritius manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Mayotte food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals

Mexico metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts

Micronesia, Federated States of food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages

Moldova mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (2000)

Mongolia machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea

Montserrat machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials

Morocco crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics

Mozambique machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles

Namibia foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Nauru food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery

Nepal gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer

Netherlands machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing

Netherlands Antilles crude petroleum, food, manufactures

New Caledonia machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

New Zealand machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics

Nicaragua consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products

Niger foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals

Nigeria machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Niue food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products

Norway machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs

Oman machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants

Pakistan petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea

Palau machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs

Panama capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals

Papua New Guinea machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals

Paraguay road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery

Peru petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper

Philippines raw materials, machinery and equipment, fuels, vehicles and vehicle parts, plastic, chemicals, grains

Pitcairn Islands fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs

Poland machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9.1% (2003)

Portugal machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products

Puerto Rico chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products

Qatar machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals

Reunion manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products

Romania machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, basic metals, agricultural products

Russia machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products

Rwanda foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material

Saint Helena food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts

Saint Kitts and Nevis machinery, manufactures, food, fuels

Saint Lucia food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels

Saint Pierre and Miquelon meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels

Samoa machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs

San Marino wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Sao Tome and Principe machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products

Saudi Arabia machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles

Senegal food and beverages, capital goods, fuels

Seychelles machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Sierra Leone foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals

Singapore machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

Slovakia machinery and transport equipment 41.1%, intermediate manufactured goods 19.3%, fuels 12.3%, chemicals 9.8%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 10.2% (2003)

Slovenia machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food

Solomon Islands food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals

Somalia manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat

South Africa machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs

Spain machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments

Sri Lanka textile fabrics, mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and transportation equipment

Sudan foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat

Suriname capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods

Swaziland motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Sweden machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing

Switzerland machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles

Syria machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper

Taiwan machinery and electrical equipment 44.5%, minerals, precision instruments (2002)

Tajikistan electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Tanzania consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

Thailand capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels

Togo machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Tokelau foodstuffs, building materials, fuel

Tonga foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals

Trinidad and Tobago machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals

Tunisia textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food

Turkey machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

Turkmenistan machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Turks and Caicos Islands food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials

Tuvalu food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods

Uganda capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals

Ukraine energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals

United Arab Emirates machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

United Kingdom manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

United States agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003)

Uruguay machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum

Uzbekistan machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%, chemicals, metals (1998)

Vanuatu machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels

Venezuela raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials

Vietnam machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles

Virgin Islands crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials

Wallis and Futuna chemicals, machinery, passenger ships, consumer goods

West Bank food, consumer goods, construction materials

Western Sahara fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs

World the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services

Yemen food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Zambia machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing

Zimbabwe machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2059 Climate

Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter

Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation

Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing

Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical

Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November

Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north

Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe

Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Baker Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun

Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October)

Bassas da India tropical

Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime

Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)

Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas

Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

Bouvet Island antarctic

Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south

British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds

British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds

Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy

Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)

Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic

Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)

Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers

Chad tropical in south, desert in north

Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south

China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

Christmas Island tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season (December to April)

Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year

Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands

Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)

Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Cook Islands tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March

Coral Sea Islands tropical

Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands

Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)

Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)

Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Djibouti desert; torrid, dry

Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall

Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall

East Timor tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons

Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands

Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands

Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid

Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands

Estonia maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers

Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

Europa Island tropical

European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate

Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy

Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

France generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral

French Guiana tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation

French Polynesia tropical, but moderate

French Southern and Antarctic Lands antarctic

Gabon tropical; always hot, humid

Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)

Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers

Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind

Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

Glorioso Islands tropical

Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers

Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

Guadeloupe subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity

Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation

Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands

Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)

Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic

Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

Hong Kong subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall

Howland Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun

Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers

Iles Eparses tropical

India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean

Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time

Isle of Man temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time

Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas

Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south

Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior

Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog

Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

Jarvis Island tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun

Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers

Johnston Atoll tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation

Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Juan de Nova Island tropical

Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid

Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

Kingman Reef tropical; moderated by prevailing winds

Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds

Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter

Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters

Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)

Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters

Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows

Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers

Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers

Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)

Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons

Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)

Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)

Malta Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers

Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt

Martinique tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid

Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty

Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)

Mexico varies from tropical to desert

Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage

Midway Islands subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds

Moldova moderate winters, warm summers

Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

Montenegro Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation

Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior

Mozambique tropical to subtropical

Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic

Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)

Navassa Island marine, tropical

Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south

Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

Netherlands Antilles tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds

New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation

Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October

Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south

Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December

Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November

Palmyra Atoll equatorial, hot, and very rainy

Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation

Paracel Islands tropical

Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west

Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)

Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)

Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers

Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation

Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Reunion tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)

Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast

Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible

Saint Helena Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)

Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August

Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)

San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)

Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes

Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Serbia in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall)

Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)

Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather

Somalia principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons

South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow

Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter

Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

Spratly Islands tropical

Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)

Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)

Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds

Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year

Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate

Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus

Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year

Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid

Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)

Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)

Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Tromelin Island tropical

Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south

Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior

Turkmenistan subtropical desert

Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry

Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains

United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast

United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs during the winter Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year

Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April

Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)

Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November

Wake Island tropical

Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C

West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters

Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew

World a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates

Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east

Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)

Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2060 Coastline (km)

Afghanistan 0 km (landlocked)

Akrotiri 56.3 km

Albania 362 km

Algeria 998 km

American Samoa 116 km

Andorra 0 km (landlocked)

Angola 1,600 km

Anguilla 61 km

Antarctica 17,968 km

Antigua and Barbuda 153 km

Arctic Ocean 45,389 km

Argentina 4,989 km

Armenia 0 km (landlocked)

Aruba 68.5 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands 74.1 km

Atlantic Ocean 111,866 km

Australia 25,760 km

Austria 0 km (landlocked)

Azerbaijan 0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km est.)

Bahamas, The 3,542 km

Bahrain 161 km

Baker Island 4.8 km

Bangladesh 580 km

Barbados 97 km

Bassas da India 35.2 km

Belarus 0 km (landlocked)

Belgium 66.5 km

Belize 386 km

Benin 121 km

Bermuda 103 km

Bhutan 0 km (landlocked)

Bolivia 0 km (landlocked)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 km

Botswana 0 km (landlocked)

Bouvet Island 29.6 km

Brazil 7,491 km

British Indian Ocean Territory 698 km

British Virgin Islands 80 km

Brunei 161 km

Bulgaria 354 km

Burkina Faso 0 km (landlocked)

Burma 1,930 km

Burundi 0 km (landlocked)

Cambodia 443 km

Cameroon 402 km

Canada 202,080 km

Cape Verde 965 km

Cayman Islands 160 km

Central African Republic 0 km (landlocked)

Chad 0 km (landlocked)

Chile 6,435 km

China 14,500 km

Christmas Island 138.9 km

Clipperton Island 11.1 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 26 km

Colombia 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)

Comoros 340 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 37 km

Congo, Republic of the 169 km

Cook Islands 120 km

Coral Sea Islands 3,095 km

Costa Rica 1,290 km

Cote d'Ivoire 515 km

Croatia 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Cuba 3,735 km

Cyprus 648 km

Czech Republic 0 km (landlocked)

Denmark 7,314 km

Dhekelia 27.5 km

Djibouti 314 km

Dominica 148 km

Dominican Republic 1,288 km

East Timor 706 km

Ecuador 2,237 km

Egypt 2,450 km

El Salvador 307 km

Equatorial Guinea 296 km

Eritrea 2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)

Estonia 3,794 km

Ethiopia 0 km (landlocked)

Europa Island 22.2 km

European Union 65,413.9 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,288 km

Faroe Islands 1,117 km

Fiji 1,129 km

Finland 1,250 km

France 3,427 km

French Guiana 378 km

French Polynesia 2,525 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1,232 km

Gabon 885 km

Gambia, The 80 km

Gaza Strip 40 km

Georgia 310 km

Germany 2,389 km

Ghana 539 km

Gibraltar 12 km

Glorioso Islands 35.2 km

Greece 13,676 km

Greenland 44,087 km

Grenada 121 km

Guadeloupe 306 km

Guam 125.5 km

Guatemala 400 km

Guernsey 50 km

Guinea 320 km

Guinea-Bissau 350 km

Guyana 459 km

Haiti 1,771 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands 101.9 km

Holy See (Vatican City) 0 km (landlocked)

Honduras 820 km

Hong Kong 733 km

Howland Island 6.4 km

Hungary 0 km (landlocked)

Iceland 4,970 km

Iles Eparses Bassas da India: 35.2 km Europa Island: 22.2 km Glorioso Islands: 35.2 km Juan de Nova Island: 24.1 km Tromelin Island: 3.7 km

India 7,000 km

Indian Ocean 66,526 km

Indonesia 54,716 km

Iran 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)

Iraq 58 km

Ireland 1,448 km

Isle of Man 160 km

Israel 273 km

Italy 7,600 km

Jamaica 1,022 km

Jan Mayen 124.1 km

Japan 29,751 km

Jarvis Island 8 km

Jersey 70 km

Johnston Atoll 34 km

Jordan 26 km

Juan de Nova Island 24.1 km

Kazakhstan 0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)

Kenya 536 km

Kingman Reef 3 km

Kiribati 1,143 km

Korea, North 2,495 km

Korea, South 2,413 km

Kuwait 499 km

Kyrgyzstan 0 km (landlocked)

Laos 0 km (landlocked)

Latvia 531 km

Lebanon 225 km

Lesotho 0 km (landlocked)

Liberia 579 km

Libya 1,770 km

Liechtenstein 0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania 90 km

Luxembourg 0 km (landlocked)

Macau 41 km

Macedonia 0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar 4,828 km

Malawi 0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)

Maldives 644 km

Mali 0 km (landlocked)

Malta 196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Marshall Islands 370.4 km

Martinique 350 km

Mauritania 754 km

Mauritius 177 km

Mayotte 185.2 km

Mexico 9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of 6,112 km

Midway Islands 15 km

Moldova 0 km (landlocked)

Monaco 4.1 km

Mongolia 0 km (landlocked)

Montenegro 293.5 km

Montserrat 40 km

Morocco 1,835 km

Mozambique 2,470 km

Namibia 1,572 km

Nauru 30 km

Navassa Island 8 km

Nepal 0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands 451 km

Netherlands Antilles 364 km

New Caledonia 2,254 km

New Zealand 15,134 km

Nicaragua 910 km

Niger 0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria 853 km

Niue 64 km

Norfolk Island 32 km

Northern Mariana Islands 1,482 km

Norway 25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)

Oman 2,092 km

Pacific Ocean 135,663 km

Pakistan 1,046 km

Palau 1,519 km

Palmyra Atoll 14.5 km

Panama 2,490 km

Papua New Guinea 5,152 km

Paracel Islands 518 km

Paraguay 0 km (landlocked)

Peru 2,414 km

Philippines 36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands 51 km

Poland 491 km

Portugal 1,793 km

Puerto Rico 501 km

Qatar 563 km

Reunion 207 km

Romania 225 km

Russia 37,653 km

Rwanda 0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena Saint Helena: 60 km Ascension Island: NA Tristan da Cunha: 40 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis 135 km

Saint Lucia 158 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84 km

Samoa 403 km

San Marino 0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe 209 km

Saudi Arabia 2,640 km

Senegal 531 km

Serbia 0 km (landlocked)

Seychelles 491 km

Sierra Leone 402 km

Singapore 193 km

Slovakia 0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia 46.6 km

Solomon Islands 5,313 km

Somalia 3,025 km

South Africa 2,798 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands NA km

Southern Ocean 17,968 km

Spain 4,964 km

Spratly Islands 926 km

Sri Lanka 1,340 km

Sudan 853 km

Suriname 386 km

Svalbard 3,587 km

Swaziland 0 km (landlocked)

Sweden 3,218 km

Switzerland 0 km (landlocked)

Syria 193 km

Taiwan 1,566.3 km

Tajikistan 0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania 1,424 km

Thailand 3,219 km

Togo 56 km

Tokelau 101 km

Tonga 419 km

Trinidad and Tobago 362 km

Tromelin Island 3.7 km

Tunisia 1,148 km

Turkey 7,200 km

Turkmenistan 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands 389 km

Tuvalu 24 km

Uganda 0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine 2,782 km

United Arab Emirates 1,318 km

United Kingdom 12,429 km

United States 19,924 km

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker Island: 4.8 km Howland Island: 6.4 km Jarvis Island: 8 km Johnston Atoll: 34 km Kingman Reef: 3 km Midway Islands: 15 km Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km

Uruguay 660 km

Uzbekistan 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu 2,528 km

Venezuela 2,800 km

Vietnam 3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands 188 km

Wake Island 19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna 129 km

West Bank 0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara 1,110 km

World 356,000 km note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen 1,906 km

Zambia 0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe 0 km (landlocked)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2061 Imports - partners (%)

Afghanistan Pakistan 23.9%, US 11.8%, Germany 6.8%, India 6.5%, Turkey 5.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Russia 4.7%, Kenya 4.4% (2005)

Albania Italy 29.3%, Greece 16.4%, Turkey 7.5%, China 6.6%, Germany 5.4%, Russia 4% (2005)

Algeria France 28.2%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 7.1%, China 6.6%, Germany 6.3%, US 5.5% (2005)

American Samoa Australia 66%, Samoa 13.8%, NZ 10.8% (2005)

Andorra Spain 51.5%, France 22.3%, US 0.3% (2004)

Angola South Korea 20.8%, Portugal 13.6%, US 12.7%, South Africa 7.5%, Brazil 5.6%, France 5.3%, China 5.1% (2005)

Anguilla US, Puerto Rico, UK (2004)

Antigua and Barbuda US 21.1%, China 16.4%, Germany 13.3%, Singapore 12.7%, Spain 6.5% (2005)

Argentina Brazil 34.6%, US 16.8%, China 5.4%, Germany 5.3% (2005)

Armenia Russia 13.5%, Belgium 8%, Germany 7.9%, Ukraine 7%, Turkmenistan 6.3%, US 6.2%, Israel 5.8%, Iran 5%, Romania 4.2% (2005)

Aruba US 55.9%, Netherlands 12.9%, UK 3.8% (2005)

Australia US 13.9%, China 13.7%, Japan 11%, Singapore 5.6%, Germany 5.6% (2005)

Austria Germany 45.9%, Italy 6.6%, Switzerland 4.5% (2005)

Azerbaijan Russia 17%, UK 9.1%, Singapore 9.1%, Turkey 7.4%, Germany 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5.8%, Ukraine 5.4%, China 4.1% (2005)

Bahamas, The US 22.5%, South Korea 20.2%, Spain 7.8%, Brazil 7.1%, Italy 6.5%, Germany 5.4% (2005)

Bahrain Saudi Arabia 36.4%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 6.4%, US 5.4%, UK 5%, UAE 4.1% (2005)

Bangladesh India 14.1%, China 13.5%, Kuwait 8.5%, Singapore 6.2%, Japan 4.1%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2005)

Barbados NZ 45.9%, US 20.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 12% (2005)

Belarus Russia 57.9%, Germany 9.7%, Ukraine 6.4%, Poland 5.2% (2005)

Belgium Netherlands 17.8%, Germany 17.2%, France 11.4%, UK 6.8%, Ireland 6.5%, US 5.4% (2005)

Belize US 31%, Mexico 11.6%, Russia 8.8%, Cuba 6%, Guatemala 5.6%, China 4.6%, Spain 4.4% (2005)

Benin France 21.8%, Ghana 7.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 7%, China 6.7%, UK 5.2%, Belgium 4.9%, Togo 4.5%, Thailand 4.2%, Nigeria 4% (2005)

Bermuda Kazakhstan 51%, France 19%, South Korea 10.2%, US 7.6% (2005)

Bhutan Hong Kong 68.4%, Mexico 20.8%, France 3.9% (2005)

Bolivia Brazil 21.9%, Argentina 16.7%, US 13.8%, Chile 6.9%, Peru 6.5%, Japan 6.1%, China 5.8% (2005)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia 24.7%, Germany 13.7%, Slovenia 13.1%, Italy 11%, Austria 6.9%, Hungary 5.5% (2005)

Botswana Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2004)

Brazil US 19.7%, Germany 8.7%, Argentina 8.2%, China 6.2%, Nigeria 6.1% (2005)

British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US (2004)

Brunei Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 23.3%, Japan 6.9%, UK 5.3%, Thailand 4.5%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)

Bulgaria Russia 15.6%, Germany 13.6%, Italy 9%, Turkey 6.1%, Greece 5%, France 4.7% (2005)

Burkina Faso France 24.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 23.7%, Togo 6.8% (2005)

Burma China 28.8%, Thailand 21.8%, Singapore 18.3%, Malaysia 7.6% (2005)

Burundi Kenya 12.9%, Tanzania 10.6%, Belgium 10.4%, Italy 8.1%, France 5.4%, Uganda 5.3%, China 5%, India 4.1% (2005)

Cambodia Hong Kong 16.1%, China 13.6%, France 12.1%, Thailand 11.2%, Taiwan 10.2%, South Korea 7.5%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4.9%, Japan 4.1% (2005)

Cameroon France 25%, Nigeria 12.5%, Belgium 6.6%, China 5.8%, US 5.3%, Thailand 4.7%, Germany 4.4% (2005)

Canada US 56.7%, China 7.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2005)

Cape Verde Portugal 41.5%, Italy 8%, Netherlands 7.3%, Spain 5.5%, France 4.8%, Belgium 4.7%, Brazil 4.3% (2005)

Cayman Islands US, Netherlands Antilles, Japan (2004)

Central African Republic France 16.7%, Netherlands 10.4%, Cameroon 9.8%, US 7.4% (2005)

Chad France 21.1%, Cameroon 15.5%, US 12.1%, Belgium 6.8%, Portugal 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)

Chile Argentina 14.8%, US 14.6%, Brazil 11.7%, China 7.8%, South Korea 4.8%, Yemen 4.4% (2005)

China Japan 15.2%, South Korea 11.6%, Taiwan 11.2%, US 7.4%, Germany 4.6% (2005)

Christmas Island principally Australia (2004)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia (2004)

Colombia US 28.5%, Mexico 8.3%, China 7.6%, Brazil 6.5%, Venezuela 5.7% (2005)

Comoros France 20.5%, South Africa 11.7%, UAE 9.1%, Kenya 8%, Pakistan 5%, Mauritius 4.4%, Belgium 4.3%, India 4.1% (2005)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the South Africa 16.5%, Belgium 16.1%, France 9.1%, Zambia 6.9%, Kenya 5.7%, Germany 4.6%, US 4.5%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)

Congo, Republic of the France 25.6%, China 11.3%, US 8.1%, India 8%, Italy 7.5%, Belgium 5.1%, Netherlands 4.2% (2005)

Cook Islands New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2004)

Costa Rica US 41.3%, Japan 5.6%, Venezuela 4.8%, Mexico 4.8%, Ireland 4.3%, Brazil 4.2%, China 4.2% (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire France 27.7%, Nigeria 24.5%, Singapore 6.6% (2005)

Croatia Italy 15.9%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 9.1%, Slovenia 6.8%, Austria 5.8%, China 4.7%, France 4.2% (2005)

Cuba China 14.9%, Spain 13.9%, Canada 8.6%, US 8.5%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 5.7%, Mexico 5.2%, Japan 4.1% (2005)

Cyprus Greece 17.3%, Italy 10.3%, UK 9%, Germany 8.4%, Israel 7.1% (2005)

Czech Republic Germany 30%, Russia 5.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, China 5.1%, Poland 5%, Italy 4.8%, France 4.5%, Netherlands 4% (2005)

Denmark Germany 20.5%, Sweden 13.8%, Norway 6.6%, Netherlands 6.6%, UK 6%, China 4.7%, France 4.2%, Italy 4.1% (2005)

Djibouti Saudi Arabia 21.7%, India 18.5%, China 10%, Ethiopia 4.8%, France 4.5%, US 4.3%, Japan 4.2% (2005)

Dominica US 25.3%, China 20.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, South Korea 7.1%, Japan 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2005)

Dominican Republic US 50.2%, Colombia 6.2%, Mexico 5.8% (2005)

Ecuador US 22.3%, Colombia 14.9%, Venezuela 7.8%, Brazil 6%, China 5.3% (2005)

Egypt US 10.6%, Germany 7%, China 6.5%, France 6.3%, Italy 5.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2005)

El Salvador US 43.4%, Guatemala 8.2%, Mexico 7.8% (2005)

Equatorial Guinea US 24.6%, Italy 20.7%, France 12.1%, Spain 10.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.7%, UK 7% (2005)

Eritrea Germany 22.2%, Italy 20.3%, France 15.9%, US 12.8%, Ireland 8.2% (2005)

Estonia Finland 19.8%, Germany 13.8%, Russia 9.4%, Sweden 8.8%, Lithuania 6.1%, Latvia 4.7% (2005)

Ethiopia Saudi Arabia 14.7%, China 12.6%, US 12.4%, **COUNTRY** 9.6%, India 6.7%, Italy 4.6% (2005)

European Union US 15.3%, China 12.4%, Russia 7.8%, Japan 7.2% (2004)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005)

Faroe Islands Denmark 46.2%, Norway 18.2%, Germany 8.2%, Spain 7.5%, Iceland 4.8% (2005)

Fiji Singapore 27.4%, Australia 23.6%, NZ 18.9%, Thailand 4.5% (2005)

Finland Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 13.9%, Netherlands 6.2%, Denmark 4.6%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2005)

France Germany 18.9%, Belgium 10.7%, Italy 8.2%, Spain 7%, Netherlands 6.5%, UK 5.9%, US 5.1% (2005)

French Guiana France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2004)

French Polynesia France 52.7%, Singapore 14.9%, NZ 6.8%, US 6.6% (2005)

Gabon France 40.6%, US 6.4%, Cameroon 4.2% (2005)

Gambia, The China 21.3%, Senegal 11.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.4%, Brazil 6%, US 5.2%, UK 5.1%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)

Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2004)

Georgia Russia 15.4%, Turkey 11.4%, Azerbaijan 9.4%, Ukraine 8.8%, Germany 8.3%, US 6% (2005)

Germany France 8.7%, Netherlands 8.5%, US 6.6%, China 6.4%, UK 6.3%, Italy 5.7%, Belgium 5%, Austria 4% (2005)

Ghana Nigeria 15.4%, China 12.7%, US 6.4%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.1%, South Africa 4.1% (2005)

Gibraltar Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2005)

Greece Germany 12.7%, Italy 12.4%, Russia 7.8%, France 5.7%, Netherlands 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2005)

Greenland Denmark 66.8%, Sweden 19.3%, Ireland 3.6% (2005)

Grenada Trinidad and Tobago 27.8%, US 27%, UK 6% (2005)

Guadeloupe France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands Antilles 2% (2004)

Guam Singapore 50%, South Korea 21.4%, Japan 14%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2005)

Guatemala US 38.1%, Mexico 7.6%, El Salvador 4.8%, South Korea 4.8%, Panama 4.4% (2005)

Guernsey UK; note - regarded as internal trade (2004)

Guinea China 8.5%, US 7.3%, France 7.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.2%, Italy 4.7%, Belgium 4.1% (2005)

Guinea-Bissau Italy 25.3%, Senegal 18.6%, Portugal 15.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.3% (2005)

Guyana US 26.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 23.9%, Cuba 6.6%, UK 5%, China 4.1% (2005)

Haiti US 49.3%, Netherlands Antilles 12%, Colombia 3.2% (2005)

Honduras US 53.1%, Guatemala 6.5%, El Salvador 4.1% (2005)

Hong Kong China 45%, Japan 11%, Taiwan 7.2%, Singapore 5.8%, US 5.1%, South Korea 4.4% (2005)

Hungary Germany 27.2%, Russia 7.5%, China 7.2%, Austria 6.7%, Italy 4.9%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.3% (2005)

Iceland Germany 13.4%, US 9.1%, Sweden 8.6%, Denmark 7.3%, Norway 7.2%, UK 5.9%, China 5.3%, Netherlands 5%, Japan 4.7% (2005)

India China 7.3%, US 5.6%, Switzerland 4.7% (2005)

Indonesia Singapore 16.4%, Japan 12%, China 10.1%, US 6.7%, Thailand 6%, South Korea 5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Australia 4.4% (2005)

Iran Germany 13.8%, UAE 8.3%, China 8.3%, Italy 7%, France 6.2%, South Korea 5.4%, Russia 4.8% (2005)

Iraq Turkey 23.2%, Syria 23%, US 11.6%, Jordan 5.1% (2005)

Ireland UK 37%, US 13.8%, Germany 9.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2005)

Isle of Man UK (2004)

Israel US 13.4%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 6.4%, UK 5.7%, Switzerland 5.5%, China 4.2% (2005)

Italy Germany 17.2%, France 9.9%, Netherlands 5.7%, China 4.6%, Belgium 4.5%, Spain 4.2% (2005)

Jamaica US 41.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 14%, Venezuela 5.5%, Japan 4.6% (2005)

Japan China 21%, US 12.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, UAE 4.9%, Australia 4.7%, South Korea 4.7%, Indonesia 4% (2005)

Jersey UK (2004)

Jordan Saudi Arabia 20.9%, China 8%, Germany 7.1%, US 6.2%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)

Kazakhstan Russia 35.9%, China 21.4%, Germany 7.1% (2005)

Kenya UAE 13.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.9%, US 9.8%, India 8.3%, South Africa 7.9%, China 7.1%, UK 5.4% (2005)

Kiribati Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2005)

Korea, North China 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004)

Korea, South Japan 18.5%, China 14.8%, US 11.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2% (2005)

Kuwait US 14%, Germany 10.7%, Japan 8.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, UK 5.6%, France 4.8%, China 4.5% (2005)

Kyrgyzstan China 43.2%, Russia 19.8%, Kazakhstan 11.9%, Turkey 4.5% (2005)

Laos Thailand 66.1%, China 9%, Vietnam 6.7% (2005)

Latvia Germany 13.9%, Lithuania 13.6%, Russia 8.6%, Estonia 7.9%, Poland 6.4%, Finland 5.9%, Belarus 5.8%, Sweden 5.1% (2005)

Lebanon Italy 11.1%, Syria 10.7%, France 9.2%, Germany 6.5%, China 5.4%, US 5.3%, UK 4.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.3% (2005)

Lesotho US 84%, Belgium 12.8%, Canada 2.4% (2005)

Liberia South Korea 37.9%, Japan 21.1%, Singapore 14.2%, Croatia 4.7% (2005)

Libya Italy 21.5%, Germany 10.4%, Tunisia 5.6%, Turkey 4.9%, UK 4.9%, France 4.8%, South Korea 4.7%, China 4.6% (2005)

Liechtenstein EU, Switzerland (2004)

Lithuania Russia 27.9%, Germany 15.2%, Poland 8.3% (2005)

Luxembourg Belgium 28.2%, Germany 21.8%, China 12.8%, France 9.6%, Netherlands 5.1% (2005)

Macau China 43.1%, Japan 10.9%, Hong Kong 10%, Singapore 5.2%, US 4.1%, Taiwan 4% (2005)

Macedonia Russia 13.2%, Germany 10.4%, Greece 9.2%, Bulgaria 7.3%, Italy 6% (2005)

Madagascar France 16.6%, China 10.6%, Iran 7.9%, Mauritius 6.5%, South Africa 5.9%, Hong Kong 5% (2005)

Malawi South Africa 37.9%, Zambia 8.7%, Mozambique 7.8%, Zimbabwe 7.3%, India 6.4%, Tanzania 4.6% (2005)

Malaysia Japan 14.6%, US 13%, Singapore 11.8%, China 11.6%, Taiwan 5.6%, Thailand 5.3%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5% (2005)

Maldives Singapore 24.1%, UAE 15.7%, India 11.3%, Malaysia 7.2%, Sri Lanka 5.7%, UK 4.5% (2005)

Mali France 13.1%, Senegal 13.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.5% (2005)

Malta Italy 32.3%, UK 11.5%, France 9.6%, Germany 8%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)

Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2004)

Martinique France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3% (2004)

Mauritania France 18.5%, UK 7.2%, US 7%, China 6%, Spain 5%, Belgium 4.3% (2005)

Mauritius France 12.1%, South Africa 11%, India 7.2%, Finland 6.1%, China 6%, Germany 5.3%, Bahrain 5.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)

Mayotte France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2004)

Mexico US 53.4%, China 8%, Japan 5.9% (2005)

Micronesia, Federated States of US, Japan, Hong Kong (2004)

Moldova Ukraine 20.9%, Russia 11.7%, Romania 11.2%, Germany 8.3%, Italy 6.6%, Turkey 4.1% (2005)

Mongolia Russia 35.8%, China 25.7%, Japan 6.3%, South Korea 6%, Germany 4.2% (2005)

Montenegro Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2003)

Montserrat US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (2004)

Morocco France 18.2%, Spain 11%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Russia 6.8%, Italy 6.1%, China 5.2%, Germany 4.7% (2005)

Mozambique South Africa 36.3%, Australia 12.8%, India 5.1% (2005)

Namibia South Africa 85.2%, US (2004)

Nauru South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2005)

Nepal India 47.5%, UAE 11.2%, China 10.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.9%, Kuwait 4.1% (2005)

Netherlands Germany 16.6%, Belgium 9.3%, China 8.8%, US 7.6%, UK 5.8%, France 4.7%, Russia 4.4% (2005)

Netherlands Antilles Venezuela 52.3%, US 21.4%, Italy 4.9%, Netherlands 4.6% (2005)

New Caledonia France 39%, Singapore 17.4%, Australia 13%, NZ 5.3% (2005)

New Zealand Australia 20.9%, US 11%, Japan 11%, China 10.9%, Germany 4.9% (2005)

Nicaragua US 19.6%, Mexico 10.3%, Venezuela 9.5%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Guatemala 6.7%, El Salvador 4.5%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)

Niger France 14.5%, US 10.7%, French Polynesia 7.5%, Nigeria 7.4%, Italy 6.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.1%, Belgium 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, China 4.5% (2005)

Nigeria China 10.4%, US 7.3%, UK 6.7%, Netherlands 6%, France 5.9%, Germany 4.2% (2005)

Niue New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2004)

Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)

Northern Mariana Islands US, Japan (2004)

Norway Sweden 14.6%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.8%, China 5.5%, US 5%, France 4% (2005)

Oman UAE 22.4%, Japan 15.7%, UK 7.7%, US 6.7%, Germany 5.8%, India 4.2% (2005)

Pakistan China 13.8%, Saudi Arabia 10.3%, UAE 8.8%, Japan 6.1%, US 5%, Kuwait 5%, Germany 4.8% (2005)

Palau US, Singapore, Japan, South Korea (2004)

Panama US 27.5%, Netherlands Antilles 11.4%, Costa Rica 4.7%, Japan 4.5% (2005)

Papua New Guinea Australia 54.6%, Singapore 13.4%, Japan 4.3%, Malaysia 4.2% (2005)

Paraguay Brazil 26.8%, Argentina 21.1%, US 20.8%, China 9.5% (2005)

Peru US 18.2%, China 8.5%, Brazil 8%, Ecuador 7.4%, Colombia 6.1%, Argentina 5.1%, Chile 5.1%, Venezuela 4.1% (2005)

Philippines US 19.2%, Japan 17%, Singapore 7.9%, Taiwan 7.5%, China 6.3%, South Korea 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2005)

Poland Germany 29.6%, Russia 8.7%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.7% (2005)

Portugal Spain 29%, Germany 13.4%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.2%, Netherlands 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2005)

Puerto Rico US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2004)

Qatar France 11.5%, Japan 10.5%, US 10.4%, Germany 8.4%, Saudi Arabia 7.3%, UK 7%, Italy 6.5%, South Korea 5.5%, UAE 4.8% (2005)

Reunion France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2004)

Romania Italy 15.5%, Germany 14%, Russia 8.3%, France 6.8%, Turkey 4.9%, China 4.1% (2005)

Russia Germany 13.6%, Ukraine 8%, China 7.4%, Japan 6%, Belarus 4.7%, US 4.7%, Italy 4.6%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)

Rwanda Kenya 23.8%, Uganda 6.2%, Belgium 5.4%, Germany 5.3% (2005)

Saint Helena UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2005)

Saint Kitts and Nevis US 46.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.7%, UK 5.4%, France 4.5%, Japan 4.2% (2005)

Saint Lucia US 24.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 15.5%, Netherlands 14.5%, Venezuela 5.6%, UK 5.6%, France 4.7% (2005)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2005)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines France 36.1%, Singapore 12.5%, Italy 11.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.9%, US 7.2% (2005)

Samoa NZ 31%, Australia 22.6%, US 13.5%, Japan 7.5%, Fiji 6%, China 4.6% (2005)

Sao Tome and Principe UK 94.2%, Portugal 2.7%, US 1% (2005)

Saudi Arabia US 13%, Germany 9.5%, Japan 7.9%, China 7.3%, France 4.7%, Italy 4.2% (2005)

Senegal France 22.8%, Nigeria 11.4%, Brazil 4.5%, Thailand 4.3%, US 4.2%, UK 4% (2005)

Seychelles Saudi Arabia 16.7%, Spain 14.9%, Singapore 7.6%, France 7.5%, Italy 6.2%, South Africa 6.2% (2005)

Sierra Leone Germany 18.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.2%, UK 8.5%, US 6.9%, China 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, South Africa 4.1% (2005)

Singapore Malaysia 14.4%, US 12.4%, China 10.8%, Japan 10.1%, Indonesia 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, South Korea 4.5% (2005)

Slovakia Germany 25.1%, Czech Republic 19.3%, Russia 10.5%, Austria 6.1%, Poland 4.7%, Hungary 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2005)

Slovenia Germany 19.5%, Italy 18.6%, Austria 12%, France 7.2%, Croatia 4.2% (2005)

Solomon Islands Australia 25.8%, Singapore 25.3%, NZ 4.6%, Fiji 4.2%, Papua New Guinea 4.1% (2005)

Somalia Djibouti 30.1%, Kenya 13.7%, Brazil 8.4%, India 8%, Oman 5.3%, UAE 5% (2005)

South Africa Germany 14.9%, US 7%, China 6.9%, UK 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, Japan 5.9%, Iran 5.8%, France 4.3% (2005)

Spain Germany 15%, France 14.5%, Italy 8.5%, UK 5.8%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.3% (2005)

Sri Lanka India 19.7%, China 9.9%, Singapore 7.2%, Iran 5.5%, Malaysia 4.6%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2005)

Sudan China 20.7%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.5%, Japan 5.1%, India 4.8% (2005)

Suriname US 29.3%, Netherlands 17.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.7%, China 6.5%, Japan 5.2% (2005)

Swaziland South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3% (2004)

Sweden Germany 17.5%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 7.8%, UK 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, Finland 5.8%, France 5% (2005)

Switzerland Germany 31.6%, Italy 10.5%, France 10%, US 5.6%, Netherlands 4.8%, Austria 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2005)

Syria Saudi Arabia 10.6%, China 5.6%, Egypt 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, UAE 5.2%, Ukraine 4.2%, Germany 4.1% (2005)

Taiwan Japan 25.3%, US 11.6%, China 11%, South Korea 7.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2005)

Tajikistan Russia 19.3%, Kazakhstan 12.7%, Uzbekistan 11.5%, Azerbaijan 8.6%, China 7%, Ukraine 6.2%, Romania 4.6%, Turkmenistan 4% (2005)

Tanzania South Africa 12.2%, China 9.6%, India 7%, UAE 6.1%, Kenya 5.2%, UK 4.1% (2005)

Thailand Japan 22%, China 9.4%, US 7.4%, Malaysia 6.8%, UAE 4.8%, Singapore 4.5% (2005)

Togo France 17.8%, China 13.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.5%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2005)

Tokelau New Zealand (2004)

Tonga NZ 33.4%, Fiji 26.7%, Australia 10.5%, US 8.4% (2005)

Trinidad and Tobago US 27.7%, Venezuela 13.3%, Brazil 11.8%, Japan 5.5%, Canada 4.2% (2005)

Tunisia France 25.5%, Italy 22.9%, Germany 9.5%, Spain 5.5% (2005)

Turkey Germany 11.7%, Russia 11%, Italy 6.5%, China 5.9%, France 5%, US 4.6%, UK 4% (2005)

Turkmenistan UAE 12.4%, Azerbaijan 10.9%, US 9.4%, Russia 8.9%, Ukraine 7.4%, Turkey 7.2%, Iran 6.1%, Germany 5.3%, Kazakhstan 4.2% (2005)

Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK (2004)

Tuvalu Fiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1% (2005)

Uganda Kenya 32%, UAE 8.6%, South Africa 6.4%, India 5.7%, China 5.2%, UK 4.4%, US 4.1%, Japan 4% (2005)

Ukraine Russia 35.5%, Germany 9.4%, Turkmenistan 7.4%, China 5% (2005)

United Arab Emirates UK 10%, China 9.7%, US 9.4%, India 9.2%, Germany 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, France 4.7%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)

United Kingdom Germany 12.8%, US 8.7%, France 7.1%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 5%, Norway 4.7%, Belgium 4.6%, Italy 4% (2005)

United States Canada 16.9%, China 15%, Mexico 10%, Japan 8.2%, Germany 5% (2005)

Uruguay Argentina 18.9%, Brazil 18.5%, Paraguay 14%, US 8.6%, China 6.2% (2005)

Uzbekistan Russia 26.7%, South Korea 15.3%, Germany 8.9%, China 7.2%, Kazakhstan 6.4%, Turkey 4.7%, Ukraine 4.7% (2005)

Vanuatu Australia 18.4%, Japan 16.6%, Singapore 14.7%, Poland 8.5%, NZ 7.2%, Fiji 6.3% (2005)

Venezuela US 31.6%, Colombia 11%, Brazil 9.1%, Mexico 6.9% (2005)

Vietnam China 16.3%, Singapore 12.8%, Taiwan 11.7%, Japan 10.4%, South Korea 9.9%, Thailand 6.8% (2005)

Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico (2004)

Wallis and Futuna France 97%, Australia 2%, NZ 1% (2004)

West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2004)

Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2004)

World China 9.3%, US 9%, Germany 9%, Japan 6.1%, France 4.2% (2005)

Yemen UAE 14.6%, Saudi Arabia 11.6%, China 9.1%, Kuwait 5%, India 4.5% (2005)

Zambia South Africa 47.6%, UK 12.6%, Zimbabwe 4.3% (2005)

Zimbabwe South Africa 42.9%, China 4.6%, Botswana 3.3% (2005)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2062 Economic aid - donor

Australia ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)

Austria ODA, $681 million (2004)

Belgium ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)

Canada ODA, $2.6 billion (2004)

Denmark ODA, $2 billion (2004)

Finland ODA, $379 million (2001)

France ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)

Germany ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Iceland $6.7 million $NA

Ireland ODA, $607 million (2004)

Italy ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

Japan ODA, $8.9 billion (2004)

Korea, South ODA, $423.3 million (2004)

Lesotho ODA, $4.4 million

Luxembourg ODA, $235.59 million (2004)

Netherlands ODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)

New Zealand ODA, $99.7 million

Norway ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)

Portugal ODA, $271 million (1995)

Saudi Arabia pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $230 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq; pledged $133 million in direct grant aid, $187 million in concessional loans, and $153 million in export credits for Pakistan earthquake relief

Spain ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)

Sweden ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

Switzerland ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)

United Arab Emirates since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)

United Kingdom ODA, $7.9 billion (2004)

United States ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2063 Constitution

Afghanistan new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004

Akrotiri Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960

Albania adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998

Algeria 8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

American Samoa ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967

Andorra Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993

Angola 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - a new constitution will likely be passed following the next legislative election

Anguilla Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981

Argentina 1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Armenia adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005

Aruba 1 January 1986

Australia 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

Austria 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

Azerbaijan adopted 12 November 1995

Bahamas, The 10 July 1973

Bahrain new constitution 14 February 2002

Bangladesh 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times

Barbados 30 November 1966

Belarus 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits

Belgium 7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state

Belize 21 September 1981

Benin December 1990

Bermuda 8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001, the king commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in March 2005 publicly unveiled it; is awaiting national referendum

Bolivia 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovina the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution

Botswana March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil 5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands 1 June 1977, amended in 2000

Brunei 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)

Bulgaria adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso 2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; amended April 2000

Burma 3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include participation of democratic opposition

Burundi 28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum

Cambodia promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon 20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996

Canada made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

Cayman Islands 1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994

Central African Republic ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004

Chad passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits

Chile 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005

China most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas Island Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23 November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Colombia 5 July 1991

Comoros 23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 February 2006

Congo, Republic of the approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands 4 August 1965

Costa Rica 7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire new constitution adopted 4 August 2000

Croatia adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba 24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus 16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985

Czech Republic ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Denmark 5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state

Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960

Djibouti multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992

Dominica 3 November 1978

Dominican Republic 28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002

East Timor 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Ecuador 10 August 1998

Egypt 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980 and 25 May 2005

El Salvador 23 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995

Eritrea a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented

Estonia adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 caused a suspension of the ratification process

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998

Faroe Islands 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998

Finland 1 March 2000

France adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term

French Guiana 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

French Polynesia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January 1997

Georgia adopted 24 August 1995

Germany 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990

Ghana approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar 30 May 1969

Greece 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada 19 December 1973

Guadeloupe 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Guam Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950

Guatemala 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernsey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau 16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, NA 1996

Guyana 6 October 1980

Haiti approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution remains technically in force but has not been observed since Aristide's departure in 2004

Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Hong Kong Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times

India 26 January 1950; amended many times

Indonesia August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amemdments concluded in 2002

Iran 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraq ratified on 15 October 2005

Ireland adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937

Isle of Man unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Israel no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law

Italy passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times

Jamaica 6 August 1962

Japan 3 May 1947

Jersey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan 1 January 1952; amended 1954, 1955, 1958, 1960, 1965, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1984

Kazakhstan first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995

Kenya 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001

Kiribati 12 July 1979

Korea, North adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, and September 1998

Korea, South 17 July 1948

Kuwait approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature; following the spring 2005 demonstrations, a new Constitutional Council was appointed and the reform process is ongoing

Laos promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia 15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had supplemented the constitution

Lebanon 23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989

Lesotho 2 April 1993

Liberia 6 January 1986

Libya 11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977

Liechtenstein 5 October 1921

Lithuania adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg 17 October 1868; occasional revisions

Macau Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary

Madagascar 19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi 18 May 1994

Malaysia 31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963

Maldives adopted 1 January 1998

Mali adopted 12 January 1992

Malta 1964 constitution; amended many times

Marshall Islands 1 May 1979

Martinique 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mauritania 12 July 1991

Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico 5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979

Moldova new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979

Monaco 17 December 1962

Mongolia 12 February 1992

Montenegro 12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly)

Montserrat effective 19 December 1989

Morocco 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique 30 November 1990

Namibia ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Nauru 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)

Nepal 9 November 1990

Netherlands adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002

Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended

New Caledonia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987

Nicaragua 9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000

Niger new constitution adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria new constitution adopted May 1999

Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979

Northern Mariana Islands Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986

Norway 17 May 1814; amended many times

Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003

Palau 1 January 1981

Panama 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004

Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975

Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru 31 December 1993

Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964

Poland adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed by national referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997

Portugal 25 April 1976; revised many times

Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952

Qatar ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005

Reunion 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Romania 8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003

Russia adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda new constitution adopted 4 June 2003

Saint Helena 1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983

Saint Lucia 22 February 1979

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979

Samoa 1 January 1962

San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990

Saudi Arabia governed according to Shari'a law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was introduced in 1993

Senegal new constitution adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia 28 September 1990; note - a new draft constitution approved by Parliament on 30 September 2006 stresses that Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia; the draft must still be approved by a national referendum

Seychelles 18 June 1993

Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times

Singapore 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)

Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership

Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991

Solomon Islands 7 July 1978

Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing

South Africa 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases

Spain 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978

Sudan 12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Sudan signed December 2005

Suriname ratified 30 September 1987

Swaziland the first constitution was signed into law in July 2005 and is scheduled to be implemented in January 2006

Sweden 1 January 1975

Switzerland revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria 13 March 1973

Taiwan 25 December 1946; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005

Tajikistan 6 November 1994

Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997; abrogated on 19 September 2006 after coup; interim constitution promulgated on 1 October 2006; junta has promised new constitution by October 2007

Togo multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970

Tonga 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976

Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey 7 November 1982

Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)

Tuvalu 1 October 1978

Uganda 8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system

Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay 27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997

Uzbekistan new constitution adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu 30 July 1980

Venezuela 30 December 1999

Vietnam 15 April 1992

Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia 24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits

Zimbabwe 21 December 1979

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2064 Economic aid - recipient

Afghanistan international pledges made by more than 60 countries and international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference for Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for 2004-09

Albania ODA: $366 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2003 est.)

Algeria $122.8 million (2002 est.)

American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994

Andorra none

Angola $383.5 million (1999)

Anguilla $9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda $1.65 million (2004)

Argentina $10 billion (2001 est.)

Armenia ODA, $254 million (2004)

Aruba $-11.3 million (2004)

Azerbaijan ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)

Bahamas, The $5 million (2004)

Bahrain $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from the UAE and Kuwait (2002)

Bangladesh $1.575 billion (2000 est.)

Barbados $9.1 million (1995)

Belarus $194.3 million (1995)

Belize $NA

Benin $342.6 million (2000)

Bermuda $NA

Bhutan $78 million substantial aid from India and other nations

Bolivia $221 million (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $650 million (2001 est.)

Botswana $73 million (1995)

Brazil $30 billion (2002)

British Virgin Islands $NA

Brunei $770,000 (2004)

Bulgaria $475 million per year in EU pre-accession aid (2004-06)

Burkina Faso $468.4 million (2003)

Burma $127 million (2001 est.)

Burundi $105.5 million (2003)

Cambodia $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors

Cameroon in January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion

Cape Verde $136 million (1999)

Cayman Islands $390,000 $NA

Central African Republic ODA, $59.8 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2002 est.)

Chad $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $246.9 million (2003 est.)

Chile $0 (2002)

China $NA

Christmas Island $NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA

Colombia $NA

Comoros $24 million (2003 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $2.2 billion (FY03/04)

Congo, Republic of the $159.1 million (1995)

Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)

Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)

Croatia ODA, $166.5 million (2002)

Cuba $68.2 million (1997 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus - $NA; north Cyprus - $700 million from Turkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven (2003-06)

Czech Republic $2.8 billion in committed EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)

Djibouti $64.1 million (2004)

Dominica $29.2 million (2004 est.)

Dominican Republic $571.6 million (2004)

East Timor $153 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador $216 million (2002)

Egypt ODA, $1.12 billion (2002)

El Salvador $125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)

Equatorial Guinea $33.8 million $NA

Eritrea $77 million (1999)

Estonia $735 million (2004-06)

Ethiopia $308 million (FY00/01)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $0 (1997 est.)

Faroe Islands $135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)

Fiji $63.9 million (2004)

French Guiana $NA

French Polynesia $580 million (2004)

Gabon $331 million (1995)

Gambia, The $59.8 million (2003)

Gaza Strip $2 billion; note - includes West Bank (2004 est.)

Georgia ODA, $150 million (2000 est.)

Ghana $6.9 billion (1999)

Gibraltar $NA

Greece $8 billion from EU (2000-06)

Greenland $380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)

Grenada $15.4 million (2004)

Guadeloupe $NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies (2004)

Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)

Guatemala $250 million (2000 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $237.5 million (2003)

Guinea-Bissau $115.4 million (1995)

Guyana $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997)

Haiti $153 million (FY05 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) $0

Honduras $557.8 million (1999)

Hungary $3.4 billion in committed EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)

India $2.9 billion (FY98/99)

Indonesia $43 billion note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and again in 2005; nearly $5 billion in aid money pledged by a variety bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental organization (NGO) donors following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh (2002)

Iran $408 million (2002 est.)

Iraq more than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $662 million from US (2003 est.)

Jamaica $18.5 million; note - US aid only (2004)

Jersey $0

Jordan ODA, $500 million (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (FY2004)

Kenya $453 million (1997)

Kiribati $16.7 million largely from UK and Japan (2004)

Korea, North $NA; note - approximately 350,000 metric tons in food aid, worth approximately $118 million, through the World Food Program appeal in 2004, plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations

Kuwait $NA (2001)

Kyrgyzstan $50 million from the US (2001)

Laos $243 million (2001 est.)

Latvia $1.2 billion (2004-06)

Lebanon $2.2 billion received (2003), out of the $4.2 billion in soft loans pledged at the November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference

Lesotho $41.5 million (2000)

Liberia $94 million (1999)

Libya ODA, $4.4 million (2002)

Liechtenstein $0

Lithuania $1.6 billion in committed EU structural and cohesion funds (2004-06)

Macau $NA

Macedonia $250 million (2003 est.)

Madagascar $354 million (2001)

Malawi $401.5 million (2001)

Maldives $27.9 million $NA (2004)

Mali $472.1 million (2002)