Front matter
Reading edition
Transcriber’s note: Many foreign and English words in the text and in the references occur in joined, hyphenated and spaced forms with almost equal frequency. These have not been modified for the sake of fidelity to the printed text.
The symbol used after q as a scribal abbreviation in Latin has been represented by ȝ.
TERRESTRIAL AND CELESTIAL GLOBES THEIR HISTORY AND CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING A CONSIDERATION OF THEIR VALUE AS AIDS IN THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY AND ASTRONOMY BY Edward Luther Stevenson, Ph.D., LL.D. MEMBER OF THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOLUME II NEW HAVEN: PUBLISHED FOR THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON·HUMPHREY MILFORD·OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS MDCCCCXXI
COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Rembrandt’s Philosophers.
Table of Contents
PAGE
List of Illustrations vii
Chapter X: Globes and Globe Makers of the Early Seventeenth Century. The Dutch Scientific Masters and Their Preëminent Leadership. 1
The shifting of globe making interest to the northwest of Europe at the close of the sixteenth century.—The Van Langrens as leaders.—Jodocus Hondius and his son Henricus.—Willem Jansz. Blaeu and his sons, John and Cornelius.—The Ferreri armillary sphere.—Globes of Peter Plancius.—Isaac Habrecht.—Globes of Mattheus Greuter and their reproduction by Rossi.—Manfredus Settàla.—Abraham Goos.—Adam Heroldt.
Chapter XI: Globes of the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century 72
Certain striking tendencies exhibited in the matter of globe making in this period.—The Gottorp globes.—Weigel’s globes.—Carlo Benci.—Amantius Moroncelli.—Castlemaine’s immovable globe.—The armillary of Treffler.—Armillary sphere of Gian Battista Alberti.—The numerous globes of P. Vincenzo Coronelli.—Certain anonymous globes of the period.—Johannes Maccarius.—Jos. Antonius Volpes.—Vitale Giordani.—George Christopher Eimmart.—Giuseppe Scarabelli.—Giovanni Battista.—Joseph Moxon.—The Chinese globes of Peking.
Chapter XII: Globes and Globe Makers of the First Half of the Eighteenth Century—from Delisle to Ferguson 137
Activities of Guillaume Delisle.—Jean Dominique Cassini and his reforms.—Vincenzo Miot.—The globes of Gerhard and Leonhard Valk.—Activities of John Senex.—Nicolas Bion.—The armillary sphere of Carmelo Cartilia.—Mattheus Seutter of Augsburg.—Robert Morden.—Jean Antoine Nollet.—Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr of Nürnberg.—Terrestrial globe of Cusani.—Terrestrial globes of Siena.—The work of the monk Pietro Maria da Vinchio.—James Ferguson of Scotland.
Chapter XIII: Globes and Globe Makers of the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century 175
Few globe makers of striking distinction in this period.—An apparent decrease in scientific interest in globes, but an apparent increase in popular interest.—Gilles and Didier Robert de Vaugondy.—The work of Desnos.—Globes of Gian Francesco Costa the Venetian.—Globes of Akerman and Akrel.—The French globe makers Rigobert Bonne and Lalande.—Charles Messier and Jean Fortin.—Globes of George Adams the Elder, of George Adams the Younger, and of Dudley Adams.—Small globes of Nathaniel Hill.—The work of Innocente Alessandri and Pietro Scaltaglia.—Charles Francis Delamarche.—Manuscript globes of Vincenzo Rosa.—Geographer and globe maker Giovanni Maria Cassini.—Globes of William Cary.
Chapter XIV: The Technic of Globe Construction—Materials and Methods 196
General problems to be met.—Development from the simple armilla to the complex sphere.—The references of Ptolemy, Leontius Mechanicus, Alfonso.—Behaim’s leadership in practical globe making.—Materials employed.—Experiments in map projection.—The beginning and rapid development of globe-gore construction.—Various examples of early gore maps.—Equatorial polar and ecliptic polar mountings.—Special features of celestial globe maps.—Globe mountings.—Varying sizes of globes.—The uses of globes.—Moon globes and planetariums
Bibliographical List 220
Index of Globes and Globe Makers 249
General Index 276
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece. Rembrandt’s Philosophers 2
FIG. CHAPTER X PAGE
88. Terrestrial Globe of Jodocus Hondius, 1600. From original in Library of Henry E. Huntington, New York 4
89. Celestial Globe of Jodocus Hondius, 1600. From original in Library of Henry E. Huntington, New York 8
90. Dedication Appearing on Globe of Jodocus Hondius, 1600 6
91. Terrestrial Globe of Jodocus Hondius, 1618. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 14
92. Portrait of Willem Jansz. Blaeu. From engraving by Falck 18
93. Terrestrial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1606. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 30
94. Terrestrial and Celestial Globes of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1616. From originals in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 32
95. Terrestrial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1622. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 34
96. Section of Jodocus Hondius World Map, 1611. From Stevenson’s reproduction 40
97. Terrestrial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1622. From original in Chigi Library, Rome 44
98. Celestial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1622. From original in Liceum Foscarini, Venice 44
98a. Terrestrial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, ca. 1640. From original in Royal Library, Madrid 66
98b. Celestial Globe of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, ca. 1640. From original in Royal Library, Madrid 66
99. Portrait of Peter Plancius. From an old print 46
100. Terrestrial Globe of Peter Plancius, 1614. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome 48
101. Terrestrial Globe of Isaac Habrecht, 1625. From original in the collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 50
102. Terrestrial Globe of Mattheus Greuter, 1632. From original in the collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 54
103. Terrestrial Globe of Mattheus Greuter, 1638. From original in the collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 62
103a. Terrestrial Globe of Dominico Rossi (Mattheus Greuter), 1695. From original in the collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 64
103b. Celestial Globe of Dominico Rossi (Mattheus Greuter), 1695. From original in the collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 64
CHAPTER XI
104. The Gottorp Armillary Sphere, 1657. From original in the National Museum, Copenhagen 74
105. Terrestrial Globe of Silvester Amantius Moroncelli, 1672. From original in Marciana Library, Venice 84
106. Manuscript Celestial Globe (Moroncelli?), Late Seventeenth Century. From original in Library of William R. Hearst, New York 92
107. Portrait of Earl of Castlemaine. From an old print 94
108. Globe of Earl of Castlemaine, 1679. From Coronelli’s Epitome Cosmografica 94
109. Globe of Christopher Treffler, 1683. From Coronelli’s Epitome Cosmografica 95
110. Portrait of P. Vincenzo Coronelli. From his Atlante Veneto 98
111. Emblem of the Venetian Accademia Cosmografica degli Argonauti. From Coronelli’s Atlante Veneto 100
112. Terrestrial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1688. From original in Marciana Library, Venice 110
113. Celestial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1688. From original in Marciana Library, Venice 112
114. Terrestrial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1688. From original in Landesmuseum, Zürich 114
115. Terrestrial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1696. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 116
115a. Terrestrial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1693. From original in Academy of Sciences, Turin 118
115b. Celestial Globe of P. Vincenzo Coronelli, 1693. From original in Academy of Sciences, Turin 120
116. Portrait of Joseph Moxon. From his Mechanick Exercises 124
117. Ancient Mongolian Armillary Sphere, ca. 1274. From Thompson’s Illustrations of China 130
117a. Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe of Ferdinand Verbiest, 1673. From Thompson’s Illustrations of China 132
CHAPTER XII
118. Terrestrial Globe of Guillaume Delisle, 1700. From original in Royal Library, Madrid 140
118a. Terrestrial Globe of Johann Ludovicus Andreae, 1717. From original in City Historical Museum, Frankfurt 138
119. Portrait of Jean Dominique Cassini. From an old print 142
120. Terrestrial Globe of Gerhard and Leonhard Valk, 1750 (?). From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 144
120a. Southern Hemisphere Celestial Globe by Gerhard and Leonhard Valk, with Author and Date Legend, 1750 (?). From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 146
121. Terrestrial Globe of Gerhard and Leonhard Valk, 1750 (?). From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 148
121a. Celestial Globe of Gerhard and Leonhard Valk, 1750 (?). From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 150
122. Terrestrial Globe of John Senex, 1793. From original in Royal Library, Madrid 152
123. Portrait of Nicolas Bion. From an old print 142
124. Terrestrial Globe of Mattheus Seutter, 1710. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome 154
125. Celestial Globe of Mattheus Seutter, 1710. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome 156
125a. Terrestrial Globe of Van Lauen Zonen, 1745. From original in City Historical Museum, Frankfurt 158
126. Terrestrial Globe of Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr, 1728. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 160
126a. Celestial Globe of Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr, 1728. From the original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 162
126b. Celestial Globe of Johann Puschner, 1730. From original in Math. Phys. Salon, Dresden 164
127. Portrait of James Ferguson. From an old print 168
127a. Pocket Globe of James Ferguson, 1750 (?). From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 170
127b. Terrestrial Globe of Herman Moll, 1705. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 170
CHAPTER XIII
128. Terrestrial Globe of Pietro Rosini, 1762. From original in the University Library, Bologna 180
129. Armillary Sphere of Jean Fortin, 1780. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 184
129a. Globe of L. C. Desnos, 1782. From original, Piacenza 178
130. Terrestrial Globe of George Adams, 1782. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome 186
130a. Terrestrial Globe of Nathaniel Hill, 1754. From original in New York Public Library 188
131. Terrestrial Globe of Giovanni Maria Cassini, 1790. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome 192
132. Anonymous Terrestrial Globe, ca. 1800. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America, New York 194
CHAPTER XIV
133. Astrolabe. From Joseph Moxon, A Tutor to Astronomy and Geography, 1695 197
134. Globe Gores of Henricus Glareanus, 1527. From his Geographia liber unus 203
135. Gore Map of Leonardo da Vinci, ca. 1515 206
136. Anonymous Globe Gores in Plane Map Construction, ca. 1550. From original manuscript in John Carter Brown Library, Providence 206
137. Portrait of Johann Hevelius (Hevel). From his Prodromus 208
138. Constellation Ursa Major. From Apianus Cosmographicus liber, 1529 210
139. Constellation of Orion by Hevelius. From his Prodromus 212
140. Terrestrial Globe Gores by Johannes Oterschaden, ca. 1675. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America 214
141. Celestial Globe Gores by Johannes Oterschaden, ca. 1675. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America 216
142. Engraved Sections for Globe Horizon Circle by Johannes Oterschaden, ca. 1675. From original in collection of The Hispanic Society of America 216
143. The Orrery. From an engraving by William Pether after engraving by Joseph Wright 218
CHAP. TAILPIECES PAGE
X. Armillary Sphere. From Blagrave, Mathematical Jewel, 1585 71
XII. Ship. From Jodocus Hondius’ World map, 1611 174
XIV. Printer’s Mark of the Blaeu Press 219