GENERAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX TO THE DIRECT AND CROSS ROADS CONTAINED IN THIS WORK. COMPREHENDING ALL THE CITIES, BOROUGHS, MARKET TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST STAGES, AND OTHER REMARKABLE OBJECTS, WHETHER SITUATED ON, OR CONTIGUOUS TO, THE ROAD, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF EACH, TOGETHER WITH THE DISTANCE OF THE SAME FROM LONDON.

The first Column contains the Distance from London; then follows the Name of the Place and County in which it is situate, the Figures of the Page where it will be found, and a Description of the same, together with the Number of Houses and Inhabitants.

In stating the distances, the fractional parts are dropt, where they do not amount to three quarters of a mile; where they do the quarter is added: thus Bromley, which in the rout (page 16) appears to be nine miles and three quarters from London, is given in the Index as ten: where the same place occurs more than once, the difference of distance is not noted, the first distance only being set down; but it may be instantly seen by turning to the page.

N. B. In this Index the Cities are printed in Capitals, as BATH; the Boroughs and Market Towns in small Capitals, as Dorchester; and every other Place, or object in print, as Bagshot.

Dist. A.

66 Abbots Ann, Hants, 101, a parish and market town, containing 85 houses, and 457 inhabitants.

71 Abbots Wood, Hants, 85.

72 Abbots Wood Common, Hants, 86.

68 Acol, Kent, 12.

176 Adderwater, Devon, 147.

203 Alder, Devon, 151.

Alderbury, Wilts, 209. This village is pleasantly situated on a healthy hill, in a good sporting country. In 1777 a fire here destroyed 100 houses. It now contains 78 houses, and 430 inhabitants.

104 Alfred’s Tower, Wilts, 172, a monument erected to Alfred the Great, who, in 878, fixed his standard against the Danish invaders on this spot. (See Index of Seats, Stourhead House)

135 Allington, Dorset, 111. A parish containing 63 houses, and 716 inhabitants.

174 Alphington, Devon, 117. A parish containing 98 houses, and 845 inhabitants.

57 Alresford, Hants, 83. A parish and market town. The name signifies the Ford of Alre. The river on which it is situated now called the Itching, rises at no great distance. The church, a very neat structure, with a beautiful tower, was taken down and rebuilt in 1753. The parsonage house is a handsome edifice, rebuilt by the late Chancellor Hoadley. Here is a large pond, covering near 200 acres of ground, which being well stocked with swans, and other water fowl, presents a pleasing appearance. It contains about 196 houses, and 1132 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.

220 Alternan, Cornwall, 153.

47 Alton, Hants, 82, 95. A market town and parish, situated on the river Wey. The town consists of three streets; the principal one is wide and modern, and it has a small neat church. Its chief manufactures are druggets, serges, and a variety of worsted goods; in the neighbourhood are several hop plantations. The market is on Saturday, and the parish contains 375 houses, and 2026 inhabitants.

48 Alton Buffs, Hants, 82.

122 Alvington, Somerset, 141.

78 Amesbury, Wilts, 161. A market town and parish, pleasantly situated in an open country on the river Avon; and is of some antiquity, having the ruins of a venerable abbey. The town consists principally of two streets, the church standing in the intersection. It contains 397 houses, and 2130 inhabitants. Market on Friday. This place gave birth to the celebrated Mr. Addison. The neighbourhood produces the best kind of clay for tobacco pipes, and the river a delicious little fish, called a loach. Near Amesbury is a Roman camp (see Vespasian’s Camp), and about two miles distant is Stonehenge, which attracts numerous travellers here. The true origin of this stupendous structure yet remains a matter of doubt; it is a subject on which our antiquarians widely differ in opinion, but the majority have pronounced it to be the ruins of a Druidical temple. Seventeen huge stones are now standing, which, with seven others lying on the ground, form the outward circular, or oval range: the inward circle is about eight feet from the outward one, and has eleven stones standing, and eight fallen; between these two circles is a walk of about three hundred feet in circumference, the appearance of the whole from which is singularly awful and surprising. The stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from six to seven broad, and about three feet thick; round it are numerous barrows, covered with earth, raised chiefly in the form of a bell. Many of those which have been opened have contained human skeletons, urns, and military weapons. From Stonehenge an avenue about half a mile long, between two ditches, leads to the Cursus, which is two miles in length, and enclosed by two ditches, three hundred and fifty feet asunder, having a bank, or long barrow, at each end. Dr. Stukeley fixes the date of the erection of Stonehenge, four hundred and sixty years before Christ.

79 Amesbury, Little, Wilts, 161. (Population included with Amesbury)

70 Amfield, Hants, 85.

121 Amphitheatre, (commonly called Maumbury) Dorset, 171. This amphitheatre is allowed to be the most perfect of its kind remaining in England. It is situated on a plain in the open fields, and is raised on the solid chalk upon a level; the jambs at the entrance are somewhat worn away. Half the work is above five feet and a half under the surface of the ground; probably it was framed of solid chalk, cemented by mortar made of burnt chalk, and covered with turf. This amphitheatre consists of about an acre of ground, and is supposed to have been made under the government of Agricola. The number of spectators it was capable of accommodating is computed at near 13,000. The views from the top of the mound are extensive, including Poundbury, Maiden Castle, and the southern hills covered with barrows.

64 Andover, Hants, 101, 159. A borough and market town; it is a healthy and populous place, carrying on a considerable traffic in shalloons, malting, &c. and sends two members to parliament. On two hills in the neighbourhood are the appearance of Roman encampments. The market house is a handsome modern building, standing in a large open square; over it is the council room, in which the public business is transacted. The church is an ancient structure. It has a market on Saturday, and contains 657 houses, and 3304 inhabitants. Four miles distant is held the celebrated annual fair of Weyhill, being the largest in England for cattle, sheep, hops, cheese, &c. and lasts fourteen days from the 10th of October.

Angmering, Sussex, 217. A parish containing 79 houses, and 708 inhabitants.

66 Ann, Little, Hants, 101.

95 Ansty, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 50 houses, and 242 inhabitants.

221 Anthony, Cornwall, 123. A parish containing 254 houses, and 1795 inhabitants.

170 Appledore, South, Devon, 195.

117 Arno’s Vale, Somerset, 203.

61 Arundel, Sussex, 44, 217. A borough and market town, seated on the side of the river Arun, over which is a bridge; and the river is navigable for barges. Here stands on a hill, Arundel Castle (see Index of Seats). The town is delightfully situated on the declivity of a hill, and is a borough by prescription, so ancient as to be mentioned in King Alfred’s will. In the church are four stately monuments of the Earls of Arundel. Here formerly was an harbour capable of containing ships of 100 tons burthen, though it is now much ruined by the sea. Arundel sends two members to parliament; has a market on Wednesday and Saturday, and contains 334 houses, and 1855 inhabitants.

Arundel Coverts, Sussex, 217.

52 Ash, Hants, 99. A parish containing 14 houses, and 95 inhabitants.

191 Ashburton, Devon, 119. A borough and market town, standing in a valley nearly encompassed with hills. Here is a handsome church, built in the form of a cathedral; on the cross is a large square tower, 90 feet high, over which is a small spire; it was once collegiate, and part of the stalls are now standing. Ashburton sends two members to parliament, and is one of the four stannary towns of Devon, (the other three being Chigford, Plympton, and Tavistock), having several good tin and copper mines in the neighbourhood, which are very productive; it has also a manufactory for serge. The town gives the title of baron to the family of Dunning. It has a market on Tuesday and Saturday; and contains 370 houses, and 3080 inhabitants.

52 Ashcomb, Sussex, 60.

136 Ashcot, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 71 houses, and 358 inhabitants.

33 Ashdown Forest, Sussex, 57.

Ashfield, Hants, 220.

47 Ashington, Sussex, 66. A parish containing 28 houses, and 173 inhabitants.

92 Ashley Cross, Hants, 88.

101 Ashley Green, Wilts, 186.

102 Ashley Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 186, 201.

16 Ashstead, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully situated near the spring of the Epsom Wells, and contains 91 houses, and 552 inhabitants. In the church are some handsome monuments. Here King Charles the Second was entertained, and the table is still preserved on which he dined.

Ashton Gifford, Wilts, 207. (Population included with Codford St. Peter’s)

131 Askerwell, Dorset, 111. This village is pleasantly situated in a vale, enclosed on all sides with high hills. It contains 30 houses, and 170 inhabitants.

129 Askerwell Down, Dorset, 111.

99 Atford, Wilts, 200.

98 Atford Common, Wilts, 200.

181 Atherleigh Mill, Devon, 196.

254 Austle, St. Cornwall, 127. A market town, in the environs of which are several tin mines, and quarries of porcelain clay, which is sent to Liverpool, Bristol, and Staffordshire, for the potteries. The church is an ancient massy building; about the tower are many curious ornaments and decorations. The market, which is held on Friday, is well supplied with all kinds of provisions. It contains 663 houses, and 3788 inhabitants.

81 Avebury, Wilts, 183, 198. This village contains 115 houses, and 590 inhabitants, and is remarkable for the stupendous remains of a Druid’s temple, being a collection of huge stones, like that on Salisbury Plain. (see Druidical Temple)

80 Avenue, The, Wilts, 161. (see Amesbury)

62 Avington, Berks, 181. A parish containing 13 houses, and 57 inhabitants.

Avisford Hill, Sussex, 217.

96 Avon, Hants, 94.

114 Avon Mills Bridge, Somerset, 202.

146 Axminster, Devon, 113, 144. A market town, deriving its name from the river Axe, on which it stands: and the minster, or monastery, erected here by Athelstan for seven priests to pray for the souls of those killed in his army, when he defeated the Danes in the neighbouring field, which is still called King’s Field. The town is clean and neat, and reckoned very healthy. Here is a considerable manufactory for broad and narrow cloth, but more particularly for carpets; also for cotton tapes, druggets, leather breeches, and gloves. The market, reckoned the first in the county, is held on Saturday. It contains 456 houses, and 2387 inhabitants.

B.

119 Babylon Hill, Dorset, 141.

Badsley Common, Hants, 211.

26 Bagshot, Surrey, 72. This place is famous for its excellent mutton brought here from the Hampshire Downs; it was formerly called Holy Hall; and here our kings had a house and park, which was laid open after the civil wars: the church was rebuilt in 1676, after having been destroyed by lightning. It contains 182 houses, and 1136 inhabitants.

21 Bagshot Heath, Surrey, 72, is mostly a barren desert, but upon its borders are a great number of handsome seats.

21 Bailies, Bucks, 175.

228 Bake Lane End, Cornwall, 124.

186 Bakes, Devon, 148.

141 Balay Down, Dorset, 145.

5 Balham Hill, Surrey, 45.

Ball’s Hut, Sussex, 216.

211 Bamham, Higher, Cornwall, 152.

211 Bamham, Lower, Cornwall, 152.

15 Bansted Common, Surrey, 47.

12 Bansted Downs, Surrey, 46. This is one of the most delightful spots in England, having a command of prospect for 30 miles round, including a view of the royal palaces of Windsor and Hampton Court, London and Westminster. The turf here is of the most beautiful verdure, intermixed with thyme and other fragrant herbs, which renders the mutton fed upon the Downs particularly sweet. On these Downs is Epsom Race Course, much frequented in the season. In the neighbourhood are many elegant seats.

41 Bapchild, Kent, 6. This village contains 48 houses, and 224 inhabitants. In the church window are many remains of painted glass, particularly of the arms of the see of Canterbury. On the north side of the road are the remains of the building which was used as a resting place by the pilgrims who visited St. Thomas à-Becket’s shrine at Canterbury.

Bapton, Wilts, 207. (Population included with Fisherton de la Mere)

87 Barford, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 91 houses, and 450 inhabitants.

88 Barford Heath, Wilts, 136.

59 Barham Downs, Kent, 8. A most delightful spot, where the Canterbury races are annually held in August. The course has been extended from two to four miles, and a handsome building erected for the accommodation of the visitors.

185 Barn, New, Devon, 148.

96 Barn, New, Wilts, 137.

230 Barron Down, Cornwall, 155.

126 Barrows, Somerset, 142.

45 Basingstoke, Hants, 75, 99, 131. A market town of some antiquity, pleasantly situated in a fine open country. The church is ancient; near it stands a free school, and it has also three charity schools, one of which is supported by the Skinners’ Company of London. The remains of the chapel of the Holy Ghost stands on a considerable eminence near the town; it was formerly a fine edifice, richly ornamented with scriptural pictures. The town has a manufactory of druggets and shalloons, and has a good market house, and a town hall over it, where the sessions are held twice a year, and the magistrates meet weekly. It contains 501 houses, and 2589 inhabitants, and the market on Wednesday is very considerable for provisions, corn, and cattle.

106 BATH, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. The city of Bath is justly esteemed the most elegant town in England. The hot baths, from which it derives its name, were known in the Roman times; nor was their celebrity lost even in the dark period of Anglo Saxon history. But the town has been greatly enlarged and decorated in the last century. The waters are used both internally and externally, chiefly in gout, bilious, and paralytic cases, being frequented twice in the year, what is called the spring and autumnal seasons. Two-thirds of the company are attracted merely by amusement, society, and dissipation; in all of which it is only second to London. But so great are the attractions of this celebrated spot, and the reputation of these waters has so much increased, that Bath has become the constant residence, not only of many opulent invalids, but also of numerous votaries of pleasure. The baths consist of the King’s, the Queen’s, the Cross, the Hot, the Corporation, and the Duke of Kingston’s Baths. The taste of the water is pleasant, impregnated with a vitriolic principle, which yields, upon evaporation, a small portion of neutral salt, with a calcareous earth and iron. At the King’s Bath is a handsome pump room, where the company drink the waters in the morning, and where an excellent band of music enlivens the scene. The amusements of this gay city are various, rational, and well conducted. They consist chiefly of assemblies, balls, concerts, card parties, and public breakfasts; besides the theatre. There are two sets of assembly rooms, termed the Upper and Lower, where the amusements are alternately held: the former of these stands on the walks leading from the Grove to the Parade; and the latter, on the east side of the Circus. The city, except a little opening to the east and west, through which the Avon passes, is surrounded on all sides by hills. It has an elegant bridge, and the river has been made navigable to Bristol. It was formerly surrounded with a slight wall, of which there still appears some remains, as well as one or two of its gates. Most of the new buildings, and by far the largest and finest part of the city, are without the walls, particularly Queen Square, in the midst of which is a garden, with gravel walks, and an obelisk in the centre; but a principal ornament is the Circus, the houses of which are built on a uniform plan, with three openings at equal distances, leading into as many streets. The fronts of the houses are adorned with three rows of columns, in pairs, of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, and the frieze embellished with sculpture. In the centre is a reservoir of water, filled from springs rising in the neighbouring hills. On the north and south sides of the town are the north and south parades, paved with hewn stone, raised upon arches, having an elegant row of houses on one side, and a stone balustrade opposite. Among the late improvements of Bath, the Royal Crescent forms a striking feature, standing upon an eminence. Behind the crescent is St. James’s Square, which, with Landsdown Crescent, Catherine Place, Rivers Street, &c. enjoys every advantage of air, prospect, and scenery. Orange Grove, between the Abbey Church and the lower rooms, is a beautiful open area, planted with rows of elms, &c. The Guildhall is situated in the high street. Here is a noble infirmary, or general hospital, for the sick and lame from all parts of the kingdom. It is 100 feet in front, and 90 in depth, capable of containing 150 patients. It was built in 1738, by William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath. The monastery here, of which the cathedral was the church, was a truly venerable pile; the other churches are St. James, St. Michael, the Abbey Church, or St. Peter and St. Paul, Walcot, and Christ’s Church. There are several chapels and meeting houses, as well as hospitals, almshouses, and charity schools. Bath is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, twenty common council, and a town clerk; sends two members to parliament; and, joined with Wells, forms a bishoprick, called the diocese of Bath and Wells. The number of aldermen, out of which the mayor and two justices are chosen, is not to exceed ten, or be less than four: and out of the common council are yearly elected two bailiffs, or sheriffs, and two constables. The senior of the common council is always the chamberlain. The markets are here principally on Wednesday and Saturday, and are plentifully supplied with all kinds of provision: excellent mutton is produced from the feed on Lansdown, one of the highest hills which overlooks the city, about three miles in extent, on which is annually held, on the 10th of August, a fair for horses, cheese, and all kinds of merchandise. The fish market, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, far excels that of any inland town in the kingdom. Bath contains 4279 houses, and 31,496 inhabitants, exclusive of the out parishes of Bath Hampton, Bathwick, Bathford, and Batheaston, which contain 670 houses, and 4514 inhabitants.

104 Batheaston, Somerset, 187, 201. (For Population see Bath)

103 Bathford, Somerset, 186, 201. A Roman pavement was discovered here, in the seventeenth century, in digging a cellar. (for Population see Bath)

104 Bath Hampton, Somerset, 187, 201. (for Population see Bath)

154 Bath Pool, Somerset, 193.

106 Bathwick, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. (For Population, see Bath.)

5 Battersea Rise, Surrey, 23.

56 Battle, Sussex, 22. A market town and parish. The old name of this place, was Epiton, but it took its present appellation from the famous battle of Hastings, gained by William the Conqueror over Harold, in 1066; the Conqueror having first landed near Pevensey, a few miles distant. In memory of this victory, William founded here a celebrated abbey, called Battle Abbey; one of those religious houses which had, anciently, the privilege of sanctuary. From its remains, it appears to have been very magnificent, being near a mile in circumference; its abbot was mitred. The gate-house is entire and is now converted into a place for holding the sessions, and other public meetings. On one part of the site of the abbey stands a mansion, belonging to Sir Godfrey Webster, called the Abbey. (See Index of Seats) The town stands in a valley, and is reckoned rather unhealthy from its situation. Near this town is Beacon Hill, formerly called Standard Hill, where the standard of the Conqueror was first planted. There are several powder mills in the neighbourhood; and the town has been long famous for the best gunpowder in Europe. The weekly market is on Thursday, which, till 1600, was held on Sunday; it has also a very large market on the second Tuesday in every month. It contains 291 houses, and 2040 inhabitants.

142 Bawdrip, Somerset, 192. A parish containing 51 houses, and 244 inhabitants.

106 Bayford, Somerset, 165.

233 Beacon Hill, Cornwall, 155.

75 Beacon Hill, Wilts, 160.

166 Beam Bridge, Somerset, 194.

197 Bearah, Devon, 120.

28 Bear Green, Surrey, 63.

45 Bears In Gate, Sussex, 66.

81 Beckhampton, Wilts, 184, 198. A tything to the parish of Avebury, containing 18 houses, and 99 inhabitants.

Beckington, Somerset, 205. This village contains several streets, and was formerly of considerable importance, particularly in the manufacture of woollens; some of which are still made here. The houses are built of stone, in number 247, containing 1469 inhabitants.

13 Bedfont, Middlesex, 70. A parish containing 82 houses, and 456 inhabitants.

Bedhampton, Hants, 214. A parish containing 52 houses, and 305 inhabitants.

87 Bedhampton, Wilts, 162, 207.

Bedhampton, Little, Wilts, 207.

68 Bedwin, Little, Wilts, 182. A parish containing 81 houses, and 428 inhabitants.

194 Beer Bridge, Devon, 149.

200 Beggars Bush, Devon, 120.

276 Belle Vue, Cornwall, 130.

240 Belovely, Cornwall, 156.

82 Bemerton, Wilts, 136, 208, (Population included with Fugglestone)

Bemont, Wilts, 209.

57 Benges Wood, Sussex, 39, 42.

42 Bentley, Hants, 81. Here is an extensive hop plantation, and the hamlet contains 94 houses, and 504 inhabitants.

42 Bentley Green, Hants, 81.

62 Bere Forest, Hants, 31.

233 Berry Tower, Cornwall, 155.

68 Bersted, South, Sussex, 41, 42. This village contains 94 houses, and 737 inhabitants.

84 Berwick Down, Wilts, 161.

93 Berwick, St. Leonard’s, Wilts, 163. A parish containing only 8 houses, and 36 inhabitants.

11 Bexley Heath, Kent, 2.

188 Bickington, Devon, 119. A hamlet and chapelry to the parish of Ashburton, containing 40 houses, and 243 inhabitants.

202 Bidlake, Great, Devon, 151.

202 Bidlake, Little, Devon, 151.

123 Bincomb Down, Dorset, 171.

57 Binderton, Sussex, 36. A hamlet containing 4 houses, and 53 inhabitants.

Birch Wood, Hants, 210.

16 Birch Wood, Surrey, 47.

86 Bishops Cannings, Wilts, 198. A parish containing 212 houses, and 1108 inhabitants.

93 Bishops Fonthill, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 39 houses, and 194 inhabitants.

158 Bishops Hull, Somerset, 194. A parish containing 96 houses, and 683 inhabitants.

56 Bishops Sutton, Hants, 83. A village containing 60 houses, and 379 inhabitants.

202 Bittaford Bridge, Devon, 121.

117 Black Castle, Somerset, 203.

Black Dog, Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 205.

111 Blackford, Somerset, 165. A village, containing 26 houses, and 159 inhabitants.

5 Black Heath, Kent, 1. Situated on the South side of Greenwich; a most beautiful spot, commanding extensive prospects over the adjacent country and the river Thames, having a full view of the Ranger’s house in the park, Greenwich hospital, the new docks at Poplar, a multitude of shipping, and a distant view of the metropolis; it was on this plain that the Kentish rebel, Wat Tyler, mustered 100,000 men. In the park is the Royal Observatory for the King’s astronomers, to which there is a steep ascent on all sides except one, and it has a deep dry well for observations in the day time. On the right stands Morden College, built by Sir John Morden, for decayed Turkey merchants; and in the neighbourhood are many beautiful villas In 1780, a cavern was discovered on the side of the ascent to Blackheath by the Dover road, consisting of seven large rooms, from 12 to 36 feet wide; the whole range having a communication by arched avenues: some of these apartments have large conical domes, 36 feet high, supported by a column of chalk, 43 yards in circumference; the bottom of the cavern is 50 feet from the entrance, and at the extremities 160 feet, the descent to which is by a flight of steps; the sides and roofs are also rocks of chalk, and the bottom a fine dry sand. 170 feet under ground is a well of clear water, 27 feet deep.

187 Blackpool, Devon, 118.

103 Blackstone, Dorset, 139.

30 Blackwater, Hants, 73.

104 Blandford, Dorset, 107. A market town and parish, pleasantly situated on the river Stour, near the Downs; its principal manufactures consist of thread, and shirt buttons. The town is very ancient, and appears to have been a settlement of the Britons long before the arrival of the Romans. It gave the title of Marquis to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, which has still descended in the family; and formerly sent members to parliament. The church is a neat structure, in the Grecian style. The streets are handsome, and the houses in general well built of brick. It has suffered more by fires than any other town in England. Blandford contains 405 houses, and 2326 inhabitants; and has a market on Saturday, which is well supplied.

101 Blandford Race Course, Dorset, 107.

250 Blazey, St., Cornwall, 127. A township to the parish of St. Austle, situated upon an inlet from the Sea, and containing 87 houses, and 467 inhabitants.

222 Blerack, Cornwall, 123.

24 Blindley Heath, Surrey, 56.

74 Blockhouse, Hants, 98.

44 Bloom End, Berks, 178.

Bodenham, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 50 houses, and 221 inhabitants.

233 Bodmin, Cornwall, 155. A borough and market town, standing almost in the centre of the county, between two hills. This place appears to have been very considerable some centuries past; having a bishop’s see erected here by King Edward, in 905: but, during the Danish wars, translated to St. Germain’s, and afterwards to Kirton in Devonshire, and thence to Exeter, where it remains. It sends two members to parliament, which it has done ever since the reign of Edward the First. The town consists chiefly of one long street, running east and west for nearly a mile; the church is an ancient fabric, but the spire was destroyed in 1699 by lightning. The summer Assizes, and Michaelmas Quarter Sessions are held here, and the new county gaol and bridewell, form a handsome building, well situated for the health of the prisoners, and built after the Howardian plan. There is a remarkable well near the town, the water of which is heavier than most others; and will keep pure the greater part of a year. In the neighbourhood are some monumental stones, called the Hurlers, supposed to be the remains of a Druid’s temple, they stand on a down in three circles. This place is noted in history for being the head quarters of Perkin Warbeck, who styled himself the son of Edward the Fourth; and here Humphrey Arundel, governor of St. Michael’s Mount, in the reign of Edward the Sixth, collected an army of 10,000 men. It has a good market on Saturday, well supplied with corn and all kinds of provisions. Bodmin contains 325 houses, and 2299 inhabitants.

234 Bodmin Down, Cornwall, 155.

223 Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, 154.

235 Bodwanic, Cornwall, 155.

70 Bognor, Sussex, 41, 42. This village is much frequented in the summer season for sea bathing. It is an extensive assemblage of modern brick buildings, without any regular plan; which originated with the speculation of the proprietor, the late Sir Richard Hotham. It has a new assembly room near the sea, and a very neat modern chapel.

88 Bolbury, or Bilbury Rings, Wilts, 162. This encampment occupies a point of Down, projecting from the great ridge, and is supposed to be of British origin. It is defended on the east by double, and on the west by triple entrenchments; the outward one being very broad and flat. The exterior vallum is 990 yards in circuit, and the ramparts 20 feet high, including an area of seventeen acres and a quarter; within which is another work of an irregular form. Many British and Roman antiquities have been here discovered. It has several entrances, some of which appear to be of modern formation.

Boreham, Wilts, 206. (Population included with Warminster.)

252 Boscovean, Cornwall, 127.

50 Bosenden Wood, Kent, 7.

Bosham, Sussex, 215. This village stands on the east point of land at the entrance of Bosham Creek. The only thing worthy of notice in this place is the church, a spacious Gothic building, erected at the expence of the bishop of Exeter, in 1119, in the reign of Henry the First. It was made collegiate for a dean and prebendary, and enjoyed many privileges till the general dissolution, when it was made parochial. The stalls are still standing, over which are some curious ancient carving,

Bosham Creek, Sussex, 215.

Bosham Pound, Sussex, 215.

Botley, Hants, 212. A parish containing 98 houses, and 614 inhabitants.

49 Boughton, Kent, 7. A parish containing 174 houses, and 884 inhabitants. The church has two aisles, and contains several very ancient monuments; it has also a very good stone tower, the spire of which fell down about the close of the sixteenth century. It has two charity schools, in which one hundred children are educated. In 1716, a complete human skeleton was dug up, near the road side, with a hanger, and a brass coin of Antoninus Pius. Adjoining was anciently Blean Forest, which abounded with boars, wolves, and other animals of chase.

50 Boughton Hill, Kent, 7. This hill commands a most extensive and beautiful prospect.

104 Bourton, Dorset, 164. A hamlet containing 112 houses, and 637 inhabitants.

103 Bourton Bridge, Dorset, 164.

185 Bovey Heath, Devon, 118.

108 Bow Bridge, Somerset, 139.

94 Bower, Wilts, 199.

94 Bower Island, Wilts, 199.

178 Bowhill, Devon, 196.

101 Box, Wilts, 186. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1165 inhabitants.

Boxgrove, Sussex, 216. A parish containing 131 houses, and 682 inhabitants.

21 Box Hill, Surrey, 63. This hill derives its name from the number of box trees growing on it, planted by the Earl of Arundel in the reign of Charles the First. These groves are interspersed with a number of small open spaces and agreeable walks; from whence, on a clear day, the prospect is beautifully varied and extensive, the immediate vicinity of the hill being greatly enlivened by the windings of the river Mole. A few years ago, an eccentric man, requested to be buried on the summit of this hill, in an erect posture; and, at his decease, this singular request was complied with. In the neighbourhood are a number of gentlemen’s seats.

Boyton, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 41 houses, and 248 inhabitants.

122 Bradford Down, Dorset, 110.

123 Bradford Heath, Dorset, 110.

239 Bradock Common, Cornwall, 125.

178 Bradninch, Devon, 196. This town is nearly a mile in length consisting chiefly of one large irregular street, and the houses but indifferently built. Its principal manufacture is paper. It formerly sent members to parliament till the reign of Henry the Seventh, but on a complaint that the inhabitants were not able to pay them their wages, 2s. per day, they were excused on the payment of five marks. The church is an ancient Gothic building. It contains 247 houses, and 1187 inhabitants, and has a trifling market on Tuesday.

199 Brent Bridge, Devon, 120.

7 Brentford, Middlesex, 69, a market town. It is divided into New and Old Brentford, and is named from the small river Brent, over which it had a ford, and which here empties itself into the Thames. The church was originally built in the reign of Edward the First, being a chapel of ease to Great Ealing, and was rebuilt, except the tower, in 1654. This place affords employment to its numerous poor, having a flour mill on the same construction as the late Albion Mills, formerly situated at the foot of Blackfriars Bridge; a large pottery, extensive brick fields, and a very large malt distillery. At the extremity of New Brentford, towards London, on the opposite side of the Thames, is Kew Palace, formerly the occasional residence of His Majesty; near which, on the banks of the Thames, His Majesty has erected a magnificent Gothic building, said to have been intended as a residence for the Queen. The members of parliament for the county are here chosen, and the market on Tuesday is well supplied with all kinds of provision, corn, cattle, &c. Brentford contains 304 houses, and 1733 inhabitants.

197 Brent Harberton Ford, Devon, 120.

199 Brent, South, Devon, 120. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1032 inhabitants.

97 Brickers, Wilts, 186.

200 Bridestow, Devon, 150. A parish containing 91 houses, and 581 inhabitants.

230 Bridge, Cornwall, 124.

58 Bridge, Kent, 8. This village is situated in a valley, by the side of the river Stour; and contains 42 houses, and 325 inhabitants.

126 Bridge, Somerset, 168.

245 Bridge End, Cornwall, 126.

105 Bridge, High, Dorset, 139.

75 Bridge, Mary, Hants, 98.

212 Bridge, New, Devon, 122.

96 Bridge, New, Dorset, 89.

109 Bridge, New, Somerset, 201.

102 Bridge, New, 186.

145 Bridgewater, Somerset, 192. A borough and market town, seated on the river Parret, over which is a stone bridge; here the tide rises at high water 6 fathoms, and sometimes flows in with such impetuosity, that it rises near two fathoms deep at a time; which often occasions considerable damage to the shipping, driving them foul of each other, and oversetting the small craft. It is termed the boar, and is frequent in the rivers of the channel, particularly the Severn. The church is a handsome spacious structure, containing a fine altar piece of our Saviour taken from the Cross, by Guido, and the spire is the loftiest in the county. Near the church is a handsome free school, built of stone; the town hall is a large building, beneath which is a cistern, whence the inhabitants are supplied with water. It was first incorporated as a borough by King John, who built a castle here, and it was one of the first towns seized by the barons in the reign of Henry the Third, being then considered of great importance. The Duke of Monmouth was here proclaimed king, and lodged sometime in the castle; but being betrayed by Lord Gray, and his army consisting chiefly of raw countrymen, he was defeated by the royal army, on a moor near Weston, 3 miles distant; when 1000 were killed, and 1500 taken prisoners; and here Judge Jefferies and Colonel Kirk had most of the survivors executed. The houses in general are irregular, but the streets are wide, and well paved. It sends two members to parliament, and has a market on Tuesday and Saturday; at the former, cattle of all kind are sold, and cheese in great quantities, and provisions of all sorts, are plentiful. The midsummer county sessions are held here, and the assizes every other year. Through the convenience of its navigation it has also a very good coasting-trade, and a number of coal ships are constantly employed. Bridgewater contains 916 houses, and 4911 inhabitants.

134 Bridport, Dorset, 111. A borough and market town, situated between two branches of the river Brit, which joins below the town, and falls into the sea, having once had a convenient harbour, but which now is choaked up with sand. The town consists of three good spacious streets, some of the houses being built of stone, and some of brick. The East, West, and South streets, are in the form of a T, having several back lanes or passages. In the centre of the town has been erected a very handsome market house. It is a very ancient corporation, and has sent members to parliament ever since the 23d of Edward the First. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a large neat building, near the centre of the town, in the form of a cross, with a tower in the middle, 72 feet high. Its chief manufacture is in twine, sail-cloth, and hats. Bridport contains 520 houses, and 3567 inhabitants, and has two market days, Wednesday and Saturday, both of which are well supplied with fresh meat.

54 Brighton, or Brighthelmstone, Sussex, 51, 60, 219. A sea-port and market town of some antiquity. It was once fortified, and some traces of the walls are still left. Queen Elizabeth erected here four gates. A flint wall, three feet thick towards the sea, and a block house, had been built before in the reign of Henry the Eighth. The town was of little or no consequence, being chiefly inhabited by fishermen, and has only risen to its present state, as a fashionable resort for sea-bathing, within these few years; being now enlarged with many new streets, elegant buildings, &c. The houses of the new streets, particularly the Steyne and the Crescent, are elegantly built, and chiefly lodging houses. North-street, furnishes handsome shops of every description, and there is a neat little theatre. There are also two elegant assembly rooms, with suits of card, tea, and supper rooms; those at the Castle Tavern are open every night during the season, as are also those at the Old Ship, which are little inferior. The Steyne is a fine lawn, on the eastern part of the town, which is the general parade for the company. On the Steyne are the North and South Parades, Blue and Buff Parade, Steyne-place, or South and Steyne Row; besides this, there are two other Steynes, but both inferior to the preceding. One is called the New Steyne, and is situated in the east of the town leading to Rottingdean; the other, the North Steyne, but more commonly the Level, both having many handsome buildings. The promenade commences after the heat of the day, and continues till dark; a choice band of music playing all the while. The Prince Regent has an elegant mansion here, called the Pavilion. (see Index of Seats.) There are two public libraries on the Steyne, furnished with all the newspapers, periodical publications, &c. This is the morning lounge for every vehicle of news There are also a suite of hot, cold, vapour and salt-water baths, for those who may not, or do not choose to plunge into the ocean. There are also air-pump water baths, for the relief of persons afflicted with the gout, or violent scorbutic affections; the ingenious invention of Mr. Nathan Smith, of Artillery-place. The baths are situated near the Steyne, and were first erected in 1789. On one side of a handsome vestibule are six cold-baths, and on the other side, the hot baths. The streets nearly intersect each other at right angles, and are very clean and neat. Among the recent improvements, the handsome row of uniform houses, called Dorset Garden, deserves to be noticed; in front, is an extensive well planned garden, while two octagon temples ornament the pleasure ground. The road is composed of chalk and sea beach, with a spacious foot pavement of bricks on each side, which is entirely dry, almost immediately after the most heavy rains. The town is also well lighted, and from its vicinity to the metropolis, and accommodation of every kind, it may justly rank as the first watering place in the kingdom. The church stands on a hill near the town, and has a square tower, which may be seen a considerable distance at sea, having the figure of a dolphin for a vane. From its increase of population, a Chapel Royal has been erected within these few years, which is sufficiently spacious to contain 1000 persons. About half a mile west of the church is a chalybeate spring, much frequented; it has been found serviceable in several cases of debility, indigestion, &c. The proprietors have erected a neat lodge over the spring, and near it a very handsome mansion. Although the town itself is not observable, it lying so low that in several bombardments by the enemy, the balls have gone over it without doing any damage, it is now flanked with some strong batteries. The town is not incorporated, but an act was passed about 30 years ago, vesting a power in 36 inhabitants, as commissioners, to erect a market, pave, light, and cleanse the streets, and to execute all necessary matters for the good order of the place. Brighton contains 1282 houses, and 7339 inhabitants. At this place Charles the Second embarked for France, in 1651, after the battle of Worcester. The only manufacture here, (if it may be termed one) is the making of part of the nets for the use of the fishery, the materials coming from Bridport. The fishery employs about 100 boats, carrying some three, four, and five men each. The mackarel season commences in April, and that for herrings in October. Independent of these almost every kind of fish are also found in plenty, and to be purchased every day. To the fishery, and the numerous visitants during the bathing season, the inhabitants look up for support. But what has particularly enlivened the town of late years, during the war, has been the encampment of several regiments of regulars and militia, on the levels to the west of the town, between Brighton and Hove; and it is now much benefited by the numerous travellers to France, embarking from hence to Dieppe, and also from its being the favourite country residence of the Prince Regent. The principal market day is on Thursday; but it is open every day except Sunday, and well stored with every kind of provision. The mutton of this place, being chiefly fed on the South Downs, is particularly admired for its fine flavour. The Downs afford most delightful rides, and pleasing land and sea views. The race-ground, which is fenced in, and properly attended to, is justly admired. The races, which last four or five days, are usually the first week in August, when it is esteemed the fullest part of the season.

57 Brighton Race Ground, Sussex, 60.

129 Brimpit, Somerset, 190.

239 Brin, Cornwall, 156.

117 Brislington, Somerset, 203. A parish containing 136 houses, and 776 inhabitants.

119 BRISTOL, 203. This city may justly rank as the second in the British dominions for trade, wealth, and population, though much of its commerce with the West Indies and America have passed to Liverpool. It properly lies in two counties, Somerset and Gloucester, but in the reign of Edward the Third it was erected into a county of itself. This metropolis of the west of England gradually rose to eminence in the Anglo Saxon period, but its origin is uncertain. It contains 10,403 houses, and 63,645 inhabitants, and is situated on the rivers Avon and Frome. The bridge over the former was first built above 500 years ago, and rebuilt in 1768. It consists of three wide and lofty arches, with a neat stone ballustrade. The river here is deep and very rapid, and flows to the height of 40 feet, so as to bring a vessel of 1000 tons up to the bridge. The internal streets of this city are high and irregular, with projecting buildings, mostly built of wood and plaster, which render it close; but many of the streets have been lately much widened, particularly the avenues to the bridges. The suburbs and external parts of the city are elegant and spacious buildings, principally inhabited by gentry, merchants, and retired tradesmen, or let as lodging-houses. The sides of the streets have smooth pavements, and the whole is well lighted. It is supplied with excellent water, both from pumps and conduits; that in Temple Street has a noble statue upon it, representing Neptune. The common sewers which run through the streets, render the whole city remarkably clean. Carts are not admitted in the streets, for fear of damaging the arches of the vaults and gutters that are made under ground, for conveying the soil into the rivers; on this account every thing is conveyed by sledges, to the no small danger of the foot passengers. In King Street there is a very elegant and convenient theatre, and the city library is a handsome stone building, with literary emblems in front, which contains a very good collection of books, and a clergyman is always appointed the librarian. Above the river, Redcliff Parade is a handsome range of houses, whence is a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. Over the river Frome is a draw-bridge, which has also two arches of stone, and an octagon building at each end. The quay is above a mile in length, reaching from St. Giles’s to Bristol Bridge, and is all the way embanked by a firm wall, coped with hewn stone; the whole is not impeded by the buildings, which lie a considerable way back, so that it is one continued quay, although under different names; that from Bristol Bridge to the bend of the river opposite Redcliff Parade, is called The Back, and from thence downwards is called The Grove. Here is a dock which will contain 10 sail of large vessels, and further on there is another, where a building is erected on 14 pillars of cast iron, being a crane, a curious piece of mechanism for loading and unloading ships; from which, to the mouth of the river Frome, the quay is called The Gibb. The Avon being joined by the Frome, passes on by the Hot-well through the rocks of St. Vincent, in a winding course of about eight miles, and discharges itself into the Bristol Channel; on the banks are several dock yards, and the merchants’ floating dock is extremely large. The cathedral church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was founded in the reign of King Stephen, in 1140; it is 175 feet long; the tower is 130 feet high, square, and ornamented with four pinnacles: the church, though not large, has many gothic beauties within, and a good organ; it is adorned with painted windows, and several handsome monuments, particularly that of Mrs. Draper, the celebrated Eliza of Sterne. Behind the church is a cloister, in which are the entrances to the library and bishop’s palace. To the west of the church is a most beautiful gothic gateway, ornamented with statues. Bristol contains 17 parish churches, and five chapels. The church of St. Mark, opposite the cathedral, was formerly collegiate: now it is the mayor’s chapel. All the churches are neat, beautifully decorated, and most of them have many handsome monuments: that of St. Mary’s, Redcliff, is one of the finest in the kingdom, containing two beautiful monumental statues of its founder, William Canninge, who had been five times mayor of the city; in one appearing habited as a magistrate, and in the other as a priest, he having in his latter days taken holy orders: there is also another of Sir William Penn, father of the famous Quaker. Here are also many hospitals and charitable institutions. On College Green is a stately high cross, with the statues of several kings round it. There are 13 city companies, several of whom have elegant halls, particularly the Merchant’s Hall, in Princes Street, a capacious stone structure, enclosed by an iron pallisade, with a very curious front. The Cooper’s Hall, in King Street, has a superb front, with four Corinthian columns. There are also several handsome squares: Queen Square has a spacious walk, shaded with trees; in the centre is a fine equestrian statue of William the Third, by Rysbrack. The government of the city is administered by a mayor, 12 aldermen, all justices of the peace, two sheriffs, 28 common council, town clerk, and deputy town clerk, chamberlain, vice-chamberlain, under-sheriff, &c. besides a city marshal, and other inferior officers. A mile below the city, close by the river, is the Hot-well, the waters of which are reckoned specific for the diabetes, phthisical, scorbutic, and inflammatory disorders. It is a great resort for invalids during the summer, for whose accommodation and entertainment there are a pump-room, ball-room, coffee-house, taverns, and elegant lodging-houses, both below, on a level with the well, and above, in the delightful village of Clifton, situated on the brow of a hill, the prospect from which is beautifully romantic, and from the purity of its air and its situation, it has generally been termed the Montpelier of England. Clifton is at all times preferable to any place of residence in or about Bristol; for it is not only convenient for the wells, but is so happily situated with respect to Durdham Downs, that, without fatigue, valetudinarians are in a few minutes conveyed to them, and thereby enjoy an advantage equal, if not superior in effect, to that of the waters. Indeed this the physicians themselves acknowledge, and therefore the sick drive hither for health, and the unailing for amusement. The Bristol and Matlock waters are of the same quality, their mineral contents being chalk, lapis calcareous, and calaminaris, without any impregnation of iron. In the rocks above the well are found beautiful crystals; and the rivers afford salmon, eels, plaice, flounders, dabs, and vast quantities of elvers, and higher up trout, roach, and dace. In the markets of Bristol there is an astonishing plenty and variety of provisions, fruit, and vegetables. The city gives the title of Earl to the family of Hervey, and here the famous Thomas Chatterton was born, his father being sexton of St. Mary’s Redcliff. In 1777, an incendiary, called Jack the Painter, set fire to different parts of this city, and occasioned considerable damage.

Britford, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 125 houses, and 675 inhabitants.

Britford Bridge, Wilts, 209.

4 Brixton Causeway, Surrey, 52.

5 Brixton Hill, Surrey, 52.

Broadbridge Mill, Sussex, 215.

9 Broad Green, Surrey, 53.

122 Broadleaze, Somerset, 167.

55 Broadwater, Sussex, 67, 218. A parish containing 183 houses, and 1018 inhabitants.

125 Broadway, Dorset, 171. A parish containing 42 houses, and 210 inhabitants.

134 Broadway, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 57 houses, and 328 inhabitants.

225 Brocka Barrow, Cornwall, 154.

87 Brockenhurst, Hants, 93. This hamlet contains 127 houses and 632 inhabitants, and is one of those sequestered retreats where the lovers of rural life would find their highest gratification. It lies at an agreeable distance both from Lymington and Southampton, and the environs are studded with seats, among which that belonging to Edward Moraunt, Esq. occupies one of the most delightful and select situations in the whole forest.

10 Bromley, Kent, 16. A market town and parish, seated on the river Ravensbourne. Near the town is a palace of the Bishops of Rochester, where there is a mineral spring, of similar quality to that at Tunbridge; and the manor of this place was granted to the bishop by king Edgar, in the year 700. The church is a very old structure. There is still standing a college, erected by Bishop Warner in the reign of Charles the Second, for 20 poor clergymen’s widows, with an allowance of £20, together with £50 per annum to the chaplain. This was the first endowment of the kind established in England. The allowance has since been augmented to £30 per annum, and £60 to the chaplain, through the munificence of the Rev. Mr. Hetherington and Bishop Pearce, the former of whom left £2000, and the latter £5000. Bromley contains 419 houses, and 2965 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.

12 Bromley Common, Kent, 16.

9 Bromley Hill, Kent, 16.

38 Brook Green, Surrey, 33.

96 Brook Water, Wilts, 138.

Broomfield, Hants, 212.

Broomfield, Wilts, 205.

109 Bruton, Somerset, 173. A market town and parish, deriving its name from its situation on the river Brue, over which it has a stone bridge. It is a well-built town, composed chiefly of three streets, at the meeting of which is a very convenient market place, built by a subscription of the farmers. The church is a handsome building, and has two quadrangular towers, one at the west, and the other at the north aisle. The Quarter Sessions for the eastern division of the county is sometimes held here, and it has a small manufacture of stockings, and inferior kinds of woollen goods. It contains 317 houses, and 1631 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday.

123 Brympton, Somerset, 141. A parish containing 21 houses, and 133 inhabitants.

231 Buckapit, Cornwall, 124.

230 Buckaton, Cornwall, 124.

194 Buckfastleigh, Devon, 119. A parish containing 260 houses, and 1525 inhabitants. The remains of a Cistercian monastery are here visible.

Buckingham, Sussex, 219.

70 Buckland, Kent, 10. A parish containing 71 houses, and 346 inhabitants.

138 Buckland St. Mary, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 81 houses, and 418 inhabitants.

Bull Moor, Wilts, 206.

111 Bullstake Hill, Somerset, 140.

86 Burcomb, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 54 houses, and 254 inhabitants.

22 Burfoot Bridge, Surrey, 63.

Bursledon, Hants, 221. A small port, where vessels are employed in the flour, timber, and hop trade; containing 73 houses, and 522 inhabitants.

Bursledon Bridge, Hants, 221.

99 Burton, Wilts, 164.

56 Bury, Sussex, 43. A parish containing 62 houses, and 361 inhabitants.

57 Bury Hill, Sussex, 43.

60 Bury Hill Camp, Hants, 101.

15 Bury Mead, Middlesex, 174.

12 Butcher’s Grove, Middlesex, 174.

56 Butser Hill, Hants, 30. From the summit of this hill, on a clear day, Salisbury Cathedral is visible at the distance of forty miles.

50 Byworth Street, Sussex, 43.

C.

113 Cadbury Castle, or Camalet, Somerset, 166. The ruins of this place proclaim it one of the most stupendous fortifications in the kingdom. It is described to have been, in the year 1612, a hill of a mile in compass at the top, having four trenches, and betwixt every one an earthen wall, encircling an area within of about twenty acres, full of ruins and relics of old buildings: great number of Roman coins have been found here, and other works of antiquity, among which a silver horse-shoe is mentioned by Stow. A part of these ruins is denominated King Arthur’s Palace. The rampart is made of large stones, covered with earth, with only one entrance facing the east, guarded by several ditches. Various opinions are entertained by different writers as to the origin of this place; but the most probable conjecture appears to be that of attributing it to the Romans.

112 Cadbury, North, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 173 houses, and 810 inhabitants.

113 Cadbury, South, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 37 houses, and 214 inhabitants.

8 Cadet Barracks, Kent, 1.

205 Cadleigh, Devon, 121. A parish containing 38 houses, and 226 inhabitants.

80 Cadnam, Hants, 87.

66 Cake Wood, Wilts, 182.

42 Calcot, Berks, 178.

42 Calcot Green, Berks, 178.

270 Calenick, Cornwall, 129.

254 Callerick, Cornwall, 158.

87 Calne, Wilts, 184. A borough and market town of considerable antiquity, supposed to have risen out of the ruins of an old Roman colony on the other side of the river Calne, near Studley, where many Roman coins have been found. Here was one of the palaces of the West Saxon kings; and it also had a castle, but there are now no traces thereof left. The town is well built, and the church is a large structure, with a handsome square tower. This town has of late years experienced many improvements, through the patronage of the Marquis of Lansdown. It stands on the river Marden, whence it has a good supply of water, and by the side of which are many fulling and corn mills. Calne contains 775 houses, and 3767 inhabitants; its chief manufactory is cloth; and it has a market on Tuesday.

89 Cain Hill, Wilts, 199.

71 Cambreach, Wilts, 182.

115 Camel Hill, Somerset, 166.

116 Camel West, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 38 houses, and 224 inhabitants.

Cams, East, Hants, 222.

103 Canford Bottom, Dorset, 90.

101 Canford Bridge, Dorset, 90.

100 Cann, Dorset, 138. A parish containing 32 houses, and 203 inhabitants.

55 CANTERBURY, Kent, 8, 11. A city, and the metropolitan see of all England. It is situated in a pleasant valley, between hills of a moderate height and easy ascent, among which are several springs. The river Stour passes here, and dividing into several small streams, forms islands of various sizes, in one of which the western part of the city stands. It was the Durovernum of the Romans; and the Britons called it Caer Kent, that is, the city of Kent. It is mentioned as a city in Antonine’s Itinerary, and its ancient importance appears from the strong military causeways leading to Dover and Lymme through the city, as well as the many Roman vestiges and coins found in and about the neighbourhood; and its archiepiscopal and metropolitan dignity seems also to have been settled very early. This city was given entirely to the bishops by William Rufus; and it was held in particular veneration after the murder of Becket, in the reign of Henry the Second; to whose shrine, so great were the offerings, that Erasmus says, the whole church and chapel in which he was interred, glittered with jewels. The cathedral has been several times destroyed by fire: the present structure was built about the year 1174; but not entirely completed till the reign of Henry the Fifth: kings, princes, cardinals and Bishops, are buried in it. During the great rebellion it suffered much; Cromwell made a stable of it for his dragoons; but after the restoration it was repaired. The body of the church measures 178 feet from the western door to the choir steps; and the breadth, including the aisles, 71 feet, and the vaulted roof 80 feet. It was new paved with Portland stone, in 1788. The choir is the most spacious of any in the kingdom, being 180 feet in length from the western door to the altar. The altar piece was designed by Sir James Burrough, master of Caius College, Cambridge; and the great stained window is the most beautiful of the kind in England. In 1784, an elegant organ was put up, built in the Gothic style. Behind the altar is the beautiful chapel of the Holy Trinity, in the middle of which stood the shrine of St. Thomas à Becket; part of the flat is curiously inlaid with mosaic work, and contains the episcopal chair, composed of three pieces of grey marble. In the mint yard, within the precincts of this church, is a public grammar school, founded by Henry the Eighth. Christ’s-church gate is an elegant structure, built in 1517. From this gate you have a view of Oxford steeple, a tower 130 feet high, with four handsome pinnacles; and that stately tower called Bell Harry steeple, being 235 feet high; on its top hangs a small bell, called Bell Harry, which is tolled every day for prayers: but never rung, except on the death of a King, Queen, or Archbishop. The four principal streets are disposed in the form of a Cross, and divided into six wards. It is called the city, and county of the city of Canterbury, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, 12 aldermen, 24 common councilmen, with a sheriff and coroner, and 4 serjeants at mace. It has sent members to parliament ever since the reign of Edward the First. Great improvements have been made here lately; the streets, which were formerly paved with flints, are now smooth pavements; the old signs and projecting buildings are removed, the whole is well lighted with lamps, and a regular watch set at 10 o’clock. A slip of land, called Dungehill, of about six acres, having an artificial mount, is now converted into the City Mall; the sides are adorned with spiral walks to the top, the old towers with shrubberies, and the old ramparts are also converted into a beautiful terrace. The Guildhall, in High Street, is a handsome and lofty building, adorned with the portraits of the City benefactors. Over the Canterbury bank are some large and elegant assembly rooms. Its manufactures are of worsted, silk, and cotton; the former furnishes employment for several hundred persons, in the fabrication of what is called Canterbury muslins. The city is surrounded on all sides with extensive hop grounds, contains 16 parishes, 2018 houses, and 10,498 inhabitants, and is famed for its excellent brawn. The Archbishop of Canterbury is primate and metropolitan of all England, and is the first peer in the realm; and wherever the court may be, the King and Queen are his proper domestic parishioners. To the cathedral belongs 1 archbishop, 1 dean, 1 chancellor, 1 archdeacon, 12 prebends, 6 preachers, 6 minor canons, 6 substitutes, 12 lay clerks, 10 choristers, 2 masters, 50 scholars, and 12 almsmen.

29 Capel, Surrey, 64. A parish containing 99 houses, and 675 inhabitants. A singular phenomenon is recorded to have happened here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth: part of a hill was divided from the other part, and removed to some distance.

79 Carmor Common, Hants, 91.

223 Carneglos, Cornwall, 154.

112 Carnicot, Somerset, 188.

233 Cartuther, Cornwall, 124.

254 Carvath, Cornwall, 127.

261 Carvoza, Cornwall, 128.

260 Castle, Cornwall, 128.

100 Castle, Wilts, 164.

241 Castle Down, Cornwall, 156.

115 Castleton, Dorset, 140. (see Sherborne)

Catersfield, Hants, 222.

139 Catcott, Somerset, 191. A hamlet containing 66 houses, and 391 inhabitants.

30 Catherine Hill, Surrey, 27.

Catwater, Devon, 122. (See Plymouth.)

102 Causeway, Dorset, 139.

98 Chaddenwych Barn, Wilts, 164.

130 Chalice Hill, Somerset, 190.

23 Chalk, Kent, 4. A parish containing 62 houses, and 322 inhabitants.

24 Chalk Church, Kent, 4.

39 Chalkwell, Kent, 6.

69 Chandler’s Ford Bridge, Hants, 78.

113 Chapel Bridge, Somerset, 166.

44 Chapel, North, Sussex, 38. A parish containing 93 houses, and 621 inhabitants.

100 Chapel Plaste, Wilts, 200.

Chapmanslade Cross Roads, Wilts, 205.

138 Chard, Somerset, 143, 145. A market town and parish. The town consists chiefly of two streets, intersecting each other, composed of good commodious houses. The church is a low building, possessing nothing remarkable either in internal or external decorations. At the angle where the two streets meet, stands an ancient Gothic building, formerly a chapel, but now used as a town hall.

Chard contains 534 houses, and 2784 inhabitants. Several streams run through the town, and keep it clean. The assizes were held here formerly, and the town sent members to parliament; but it lost the privilege by negligence. At the west end of the town rises a very fine spring, conveyed by leaden pipes to four conduits, which supply the inhabitants with water. The market is held on Monday, and is abundantly supplied with corn.

136 Chard Common, Somerset, 143.

136 Chard Elm, Somerset, 143.

141 Chard, South, Somerset, 144.

253 Charlstown, Cornwall, 127.

107 Charlton Down, Dorset, 107.

141 Charmouth, Dorset, 112. This village derives its name from its situation near the mouth of the river Char. It stands at the foot of an amazing hill, no less than 1000 feet high, opposite to which is another 970 feet high. Here the Danes twice defeated the English; but, in 833, they were in turn completely routed, with the loss of nearly their whole fleet, consisting of 35 sail. It contains 64 houses, and 369 inhabitants.

Charterhouse Hinton, Somerset, 204.

30 Chatham, Kent, 4. This town is situated by the river Medway, and is joined to Rochester, to which it is a suburb. It was built by King Charles the Second after the Dutch war; but the dock was begun by Queen Elizabeth, and has been so much improved, that it is now the first arsenal in the world. The houses of the various officers are well built, and some of them even stately. The dock-yard, including the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in length, and some of the store rooms are near 700 feet long. Although the stores of the navy are so immense in these magazines, every thing is arranged in the greatest order. Here are upwards of 20 smiths’ forges constantly at work, and some of the anchors that are made weigh near five tons. The new rope-house is 1140 feet in length, in which cables are made 120 fathoms long, and 22 inches round. In the yard are four docks for repairing, and six slips for building, new ships. The ordnance wharf, which adjoins hereto, was the original dock, where the guns belonging to each ship are now arranged in tiers, with the names of the vessels they belonged to marked above them. In 1558 the Chest of Chatham was instituted by the seamen in the service of Queen Elizabeth, each paying a portion of his pay for the relief of the sufferers in the defeat of the Spanish Armada. There is also here an hospital for the relief of aged mariners or shipwrights. At the entrance of the town stands the victualling office, whence his Majesty’s ships at Chatham and Sheerness are supplied with provisions. Near it stands the chapel of ease to the parish church, it is a circular building, the walls of which are three feet thick, and appears of great antiquity, probably of Norman origin by the architecture. This chapel is 74 feet long and 20 wide, the west end and steeple having been added in 1743. Chatham is defended by the castles of Upnor and Gillingham; the first is almost opposite the dock on the west side of the river. Gillingham Castle is a very strong fortification, and has a complete command of the river. The church stands on a hill adjoining the ordnance office; it contains several elegant marble monuments, and the ordnance office has granted a piece of ground, a little distance therefrom, as a burial ground, where a ship is used as a church for the sailors. In 1667 the Dutch fleet proceeded up the Medway, took Sheerness, and did considerable damage to Chatham. The population of Chatham has of late years considerably increased; it contains 1715 houses, and 10,505 inhabitants, exclusive of Gillingham, which contains 715 houses, and 4135 inhabitants: and it has a market on Saturday.

48 Chawton, Hants, 82, 95. This parish contains 64 houses, and 372 inhabitants.

84 Cherhill, Wilts, 184. A hamlet in the parish of Calne, containing 60 houses, and 304 inhabitants.

183 Cheriton Cross, Devon, 148.

61 CHICHESTER, Sussex, 36, 40, 41, 216. A city and county of itself; containing nine parishes, 821 houses, and 4744 inhabitants. It is situated in a pleasant vale on the little river Lavant, which washes it on all sides, except the north, and is said to have been built by Cissa, the second king of the South Saxons, and named Cissan Caester. It consists of four principal streets, in the form of a cross, is surrounded with a stone wall, and had formerly four gates: the streets are broad, handsome, and well paved, and there are six parish churches within the walls. This city sends two members to parliament, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, and 38 common councilmen, 4 justices of the peace being chosen out of the aldermen. An ancient nunnery founded here, is now converted into an hospital which has a very neat chapel. The Guildhall, situated in an obscure part of the city, is a spacious ancient building, and the council chamber, which is over the market house, supported by pillars, is both neat and elegant, adjoining to which is a subscription assembly room, and there is a small theatre, situated at the bottom of South-street. The bishop’s palace, erected in 1727, has very commodious and well laid-out grounds. The cathedral, which is built in the form of a cross, on the site of St. Peter’s the Great, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is an elegant Gothic structure; the spire nearly 300 feet high. The choir of late has been neatly repaired, and has a well-furnished library. In the south aisle is painted the history of its foundation, and under it are the portraits of our kings, from William the Conqueror to Edward the Sixth, continued in the chapter house and library, to George the Second: on the east side are the bishops. The see was translated here from Selsea, in the reign of William the Conqueror. In a nich, near the east door of St. Peter’s the Great, which stands within the cathedral, is a statue of bishop Seiffrid, who built the church in 1199, together with the palace, cloisters, &c. In the centre of the town stands a neat cross, of an octagonal form, supported on 8 arches. Adjoining the fish shambles, in the South-street, is a large reservoir and conduit of excellent water, with the figure of an ancient Druid above. In 1727, a Roman pavement was discovered here, and on the brill, near the city, is a Roman camp of an oblong square, supposed to have been raised by Vespasian; and from the soil being a hard gravel, must have been a work of great labour. There are vestiges of another about a mile and a half west, called Gonshill. The inconvenient distance of the town from the sea, has been partly remedied by a canal to Brocklesham bay. The haven affords excellent lobsters, and every other Wednesday there is here one of the largest markets for sheep and black cattle in the county, which not only supplies the city, but sends vast quantities to Portsmouth and London.

94 Chicklade, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 25 houses, and 150 inhabitants.

93 Chicklade Bottom, Wilts, 163.

40 Chidingfold, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 162 houses, and 848 inhabitants.

137 Chidiock, Dorset, 112. A township and chapelry, containing 107 houses, and 578 inhabitants.

117 Chilcompton, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 74 houses, and 348 inhabitants.

Chilhampton, Wilts, 208.

134 Chillington Down, Somerset, 143.

162 Chilson, Somerset, 194.

162 Chilson Heathfield, Somerset, 194.

66 Chilton, Berks, 181. A parish containing 48 houses, and 244 inhabitants. This place gave birth to the Lord Chief Justice Crook.

140 Chilton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 53 houses, and 310 inhabitants.

88 Chilvester Hill, Wilts, 185.

Chilworth, Hants, 211. A parish containing 18 houses, and 132 inhabitants.

Chilworth Common, Hants, 211.

125 Chinnock, East, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 60 houses, and 505 inhabitants. This place is noted for a brackish spring, although 20 miles from the sea.

125 Chinnock Hutts, Somerset, 142.

93 Chippenham, Wilts, 185. A borough and market town, situated on the river Avon, over which it has a handsome bridge of 16 arches, and is mentioned to have been of considerable strength and importance in the time of Alfred the Great. The church is a venerable Gothic structure, supposed to have been built by the Hungerford family, whose arms are still to be seen upon its walls. The houses in general are neat and well built. It has a considerable manufacture of superfine woollen cloth; sends two members to parliament, and contains 667 houses, and 3366 inhabitants. The market on Saturday is well supplied with all kinds of provision, and great quantities of corn.

74 Cholderton, Wilts, 160. A parish containing 35 houses, and 127 inhabitants.

69 Cholderton, East, Hants, 159.

100 Christchurch, Hants, 94. A borough and market town, pleasantly situated at the conflux of the rivers Avon and Stour, which, about a mile and a half distant, falls into the sea at Christchurch bay. It derives its name from a collegiate church built here by the West Saxons, and was formerly called Christchurch Twynham, and had also a castle. The river Avon was made navigable from Salisbury in 1680, and is famous for its salmon fishery. A little to the east is Hordell Cliff, which runs for a mile along the shore, and is 150 feet above the level of the sea. Christchurch sends two members to parliament, contains 290 houses, and 1410 inhabitants, having a considerable trade in knit silk stockings and watch chains. Market on Monday.

181 Chudleigh, Devon, 118. A market town and parish, situated near the river Teign, having a considerable woollen manufactory. Here was formerly a Benedictine monastery, and a palace of the bishop of Exeter. It gives title of baron to the Clifford family; contains 360 houses, and 1786 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday.

183 Chudleigh Bridge, Devon, 118.

22 Cippenham Court, Bucks, 175.

96 City, The, Wilts, 200.

3 Clapham, Surrey, 45. This village consists chiefly of one long street, and a number of handsome houses surrounding a common, which is so well planted with various trees, that it has now the appearance of a park: though, formerly, it was little better than a morass. This improvement was chiefly effected by a subscription of the inhabitants. Near the road to Wandsworth is a reservoir of fine water, which supplies the parish. On the north-east corner of the common, a new church was erected in 1776, at the expence of £ll,000; but it has no cemetery. On the site of the old church a new chapel has been lately erected, in which the funeral service is performed when there are any interments. Clapham contains 480 houses, and 3864 inhabitants.

3 Clapham Common, Surrey, 45, (See Clapham.)

Clapham Common, Sussex, 218.

30 Clarks Green, Surrey, 64.

76 Clatford, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 26 houses, and 122 inhabitants.

Clay Street, Wilts, 210.

47 Clayton, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 55 houses, and 337 inhabitants.

50 Clerken Green, Hants, 99.

232 Clicker, Lower, Cornwall, 124.

231 Clicker Tor, Cornwall, 124.

51 Cliff, Sussex, 59. (See Lewes.)

120 Clifton, Gloucester, 203. (See Bristol.)

256 Clisey Hill, Cornwall, 127.

176 Clopton Bridge, Devon, 117.

77 Clorus’s Camp, Wilts, 103, 135. Clorus’s Camp, or Figbury Ring, is situated on a commanding eminence. This entrenchment is of a circular form, and comprehends an area of nearly fifteen acres within the outer vallum, which is forty-six feet in height, and 1078 yards in circumference. The principal entrance faces the east, and is defended by two outworks; there are also two other openings, one towards the south, and the other towards the west, and a deep ditch, excavated within the area, apparently the boundary of a lesser camp.

210 Coadron, Devon, 152.

102 Coal Cot, Wilts, 172.

Coates, Sussex, 218. A parish containing only 6 houses, and 30 inhabitants.

143 Coaxdon Common, Dorset, 144.

144 Coaxdon Mill, Dorset, 144.

144 Coaxdon, Lower, Dorset, 144.

19 Cobham Street, Surrey, 25. A parish pleasantly situated by the river Mole, over which are two neat brick bridges. It contains 208 houses, and 1200 inhabitants. Here are two medicinal springs, Cobham Wells, and the Spa; formerly much noted, but now in no repute. On the banks of the Mole there are several charming villas, and the river affords plenty of pike, trout, perch, eels, &c.

139 Cock Hill, Somerset, 191.

52 Cocking, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 49 houses, and 300 inhabitants.

51 Cocking Common, Sussex, 35.

Codford, St. Mary, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 31 houses, and 187 inhabitants.

Codford, St. Peter, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 71 houses, and 399 inhabitants.

107 Cogley Wood, Somerset, 173.

124 Coker Hill, Somerset, 142.

123 Coker, West, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 128 houses, and 758 inhabitants.

238 Coldrigen, Cornwall, 156.

176 Collumpton, Devon, 196. A market town, situated on the river Culm, which joins the Ex two miles above Exeter, and over which it has a bridge. Its principal trade is in woollen cloth, serges, and corduroys. It contains 615 houses, 3138 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday. The church is a large and curious structure in the Gothic style; and formerly contained the figure of St. Columb, which was much resorted to by pilgrims: the gilded roof of the church is still preserved.

249 Colly Green, Cornwall, 126.

17 Colnbrook, 174. A market town situated on the river Coln; part of it is in Middlesex, and part in Bucks. It consists chiefly of one street, in the middle of which stands the chapel of ease, with a market house under it, where a market is held on Thursday.

46 Colthook Common, Sussex, 38.

202 Combe, Devon, 151.

132 Combe, Somerset, 143.

84 Combe Bisset, Wilts, 104.

86 Combe Common, Wilts, 104.

98 Combe Cross, Wilts, 138.

Comb Down, Somerset, 204.

10 Combe Wood, Surrey, 24.

143 Common, South, Dorset, 144.

65 Compton, Hants, 78. A parish containing 34 houses, and 225 inhabitants.

85 Compton Basset, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 71 houses, and 366 inhabitants.

90 Compton Chamberlain, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 48 houses, and 283 inhabitants.

112 Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 30 houses, and 207 inhabitants.

Copperas Gap, Sussex, 219.

62 Corhampton, Hants, 96. This village contains 18 houses, and 130 inhabitants.

97 Corsham, Wilts, 186. A market town and parish, consisting chiefly of one street; which is neat and well built, with a handsome market house: the church is an ancient building. It is a pleasant and healthy place, but standing on a dry stoney soil is not fertile, and its chief support is the woollen manufacture. The fields in the neighbourhood are in general inclosed with stone walls instead of hedges. It contains 458 houses, and 2402 inhabitants. Market on Wednesday.

67 Cosham, Hants, 32, 214, 223.

141 Cossington, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 49 houses, and 237 inhabitants.

111 Coston, Somerset, 202.

Cotley Hill, Wilts, 206.

108 Cottage Crescent, Somerset, 187.

230 Council Barrow, Cornwall, 155.

64 Court Week, Sussex, 44.

88 Cowden Down, Wilts, 105.

249 Cowland, Cornwall, 157.

Cowsfield Green, Wilts, 210.

127 Coxley, Somerset, 190.

127 Coxley Pound, Somerset, 190.

212 Crab Tree, Devon, 122.

181 Crab Tree, Devon, 196.

113 Crackment Hill, Somerset, 140.

223 Crafthole, Cornwall, 123.

143 Crandon Bridge, Somerset, 192.

12 Cranford Bridge, Middlesex, 174.

30 Crawley, Sussex, 49. A parish containing 26 houses, and 210 inhabitants.

13 Crayford, Kent, 2. The name is derived from an ancient ford over the river Cray, or Crouch; which, a little below this town, falls into the Darent. Here are some considerable callico printing grounds, and a manufactory for slitting iron and rolling it into hoops. In this and the adjoining parishes are a number of deep caverns, artificially cut out of the chalk pits; concerning the origin of which various conjectures have been formed. The church stands on an eminence, and is ornamented with a beautiful altar-piece. The river produces excellent trout. It contains 187 houses, and 1210 inhabitants.

182 Crediton Lane End, Devon, 148.

130 Crewkerne, Somerset, 142. A market town and parish, lying in a pleasant valley on the branches of the rivers Parret and Axe, and consists of five principal streets; the church is an elegant Gothic structure, richly ornamented. The market-house is roomy, and stands in the centre of the town; it is well supplied on Saturdays with provisions, corn, &c. It contains 489 houses, and 2576 inhabitants.

93 Cribbage Hutt, Wilts, 137.

136 Cricket Wood, Somerset, 143.

138 Crim Chard, Somerset, 145.

Crockerhill, Sussex, 216.

184 Crockernwell, Devon, 148.

63 Croix, St., Hants, 78, 84.

77 Cromlech, The Devil’s Den, Wilts, 183. This ancient monument is formed of two upright stones, supporting a vast flat one as an impost; and, from the great breadth of the supporters, it has the appearance of a cave. Near it are two other stones lying on the ground, one in contact with the western upright. These monuments, many of which are extant, both here and in Scotland and Ireland, are generally supposed to be of Druidical origin.

Crooks Gate, Hants, 213.

69 Cross Ford, Wilts, 182.

102 Cross, High, Wilts, 164.

201 Cross Lanes, Devon, 151.

4 Cross, New, Surrey, 1, 15.

10 Croydon, Surrey, 53. A market town and parish. The town is in general well built, and pleasantly situated on the edge of Banstead Downs, containing 1474 houses, and 7801 inhabitants. Its chief manufactures are paper and printed cottons; and its church is a handsome Gothic structure, containing several fine monuments, particularly of the archbishops of Canterbury, and formerly had a chantery. The manor has belonged to the archbishop of Canterbury from the days of William the Conqueror; but the archbishops’ palace is now converted into a manufactory. Vast quantities of charcoal are made here, with wood brought from the neighbouring hills, and it has a market on Saturday, which is well supplied with all kinds of provision, particularly fowl, oats, and oatmeal.

39 Cuckfield, Sussex, 50. A market town and parish, situated on a rising ground, having a spacious and handsome church, and a free grammar school, founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It has a small market on Friday.

275 Cuckold’s Corner, Cornwall, 130.

89 Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 185.

201 Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 200.

Curbridge Common, Hants, 213.

80 Cursus, The, Wilts, 161. (See Amesbury.)

183 Cutton, Devon, 197.

D.

151 Dalwood Down, Dorset, 114.

194 Dart Bridge, Devon, 119.

15 Dartford, Kent, 2. A market town, deriving its name from an ancient ford over the river Darent. Here are to be seen the remains of a magnificent nunnery, founded by Edward the Third, (of which Bridget, the daughter of Edward the Fourth was prioress;) which at the Reformation was converted into a royal mansion. A branch of the old Roman Watling-street passes through this town. The parish church is situated in the main street, which is wide and commodious, with several handsome shops, and a good bridge over the Darent. The assizes were formerly held here. In the neighbourhood are some gunpowder mills, much esteemed for their produce. This town is remarkable for having been the place where the rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, first broke out, occasioned by the indecent behaviour of a tax gatherer towards the daughter of Tyler, who killed the offender with a pole-axe. The market is on Saturday, and it is well supplied with provisions, corn, cattle, &c. Dartford contains 535 houses, and 3177 inhabitants.

16 Dartford Brent, Kent, 3.

20 Datchet, Bucks, 175. This village is pleasantly situated opposite Windsor Little Park, by the side of the Thames, over which it has a bridge. It contains 102 houses, and 857 inhabitants.

51 Dean, Hants, 99.

195 Dean Prior, Devon, 120. A parish containing 93 houses, and 495 inhabitants.

56 Dean, West, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 103 houses, and 510 inhabitants.

64 Denford, Lower, Berks, 181.

Dennis’s, St., Abbey, Hants, 221.

4 Deptford, Kent, 1. This town is divided into Upper and Lower Deptford, and contains 3068 houses, and 17,548 inhabitants; it has a commodious stone bridge over the small river Ravensbourn, near its fall into the Thames, at which place was anciently a very deep ford, whence the name of the town. The old church of St. Nicholas consists of a chancel, nave, and two aisles, and was rebuilt, excepting the tower, in 1697. The new church of St. Paul, which is a handsome stone structure, with a chancel, nave, and two aisles, supported by pillars of the Corinthian order, was erected in 1730, as one of the 50 new churches within the bills of mortality; when, by act of parliament, it was made a distinct parish. The Royal Dock Yard was first erected in the reign of Henry the Eighth. The storehouses, which form a square, have had several additional buildings; the whole yard covers 31 acres of ground, containing two wet docks, one single the other double, three slips, a bason, and two ponds for masts, with the various manufactories for anchors, cables, masts, blocks, &c. and apartments for the numerous officers employed. Here the royal yachts are generally kept. There are also several private docks in the neighbourhood for the building and repair of merchants’ vessels. The Red House, a little to the north-west of Deptford, is the grand store for provisions, &c. for the royal navy. On the site where St. Nicholas’ workhouse now stands, was the manor house of Say’s Court, which was the residence of the Czar, Peter the Great, when he worked as a shipwright in this yard. Here the Society of the Trinity House was first formed in the reign of Henry the Eighth, and incorporated under the title of Master, Warden, and Assistants of the Guild of the Most Glorious and Undivided Trinity; the object of which institution is, for the increase and encouragement of navigation, and the good government of mariners, shipping, &c.

87 Deptford, Wilts, 162, 207.

90 Derry Hill, Wilts, 185.

111 Deverel Down, Dorset, 108.

187 Devicourt Devon, 149.

41 Devil’s Punch Bowl, Surrey, 28.

88 Devizes, Wilts, 199. A borough and market town, comprising three parishes, and containing 890 houses, and 4851 inhabitants; its manufactures chiefly consist of druggets, serges, kerseymeres, and malting. It has two churches and a chapel. The houses are old, and mostly built of timber. The Romans enclosed it with a vallum and ditch, in which there is now a road almost round the town; and on a small hill within the town are to be seen the remains of its strong castle. It is well fortified by nature, and was made almost impregnable by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury. Brass figures of household gods, coins, bricks, and urns, evidently Roman, have been dug up here. Near the castle rises a rivulet, which falls into the Avon near Bramham; and the town is greatly improved by the Kennet and Avon Canal, which here presents a beautiful appearance. The new Gaol, at the western extremity of the town, is also worthy of notice. This borough was incorporated by Charles the First, and sends two members to parliament. The markets are on Monday for butchers’ meat, and on Thursday for horses, cattle, corn, wool, provisions, poultry, &c.

143 Devon Gate, Devon, 170.

44 Dial Post, Sussex, 66.

Ditchampton, Wilts, 208. (Population included with Wilton)

14 Ditton Common, Surrey, 25.

13 Ditton Marsh, Surrey, 24.

237 Dobwalls, Cornwall, 125.

71 Dock Yard, Portsmouth, Hants, 32. (see Portsmouth)

54 Dog Kennel, Sussex, 39.

120 Dorchester, Dorset, 109, 171. A borough, market, and county town, standing on an elevation on the river Frome, comprising three parishes, 364 houses, and 2546 inhabitants. Its principal manufactures are serge and broad cloth. Its ancient name was Durnovaria, signifying the passage of the river, and it was strongly fortified, having four gates and a deep ditch; and in the time of the Saxons two mints were established here. The town is built in the direction of the four cardinal points, and the buildings are good. The foundation of the Roman wall appears quite round the town; but to the east there is a street built upon it, and the ditch is filled up. On the south-west side of the wall there is an agreeable walk between a row of trees; but the winding of the river to the north spoils the square of the town that way. It has a newly erected town hall and market place, and a commodious county gaol, built after Mr. Howard’s plan, on the site of an ancient castle. The streets are neatly paved, and the houses in general built regularly of stone. Dorchester sends two members to parliament, and the assizes for the county are held here. Several Roman antiquities, and the remains of military ways, have been discovered in this town, particularly a Mosaic pavement, four feet under the surface of the ground. St. Peter’s is the only church that can be called handsome. In the neighbourhood are extensive meadows, and a down on which vast flocks of sheep are fed. This place is noted for the excellence of its ale, which is sent to all parts of the kingdom. It has a good market on Wednesday and Saturday.

23 Dorking, Surrey, 63. A market town and parish. The town stands on a rock of soft sandy stone, in the angle of two fine vallies, surrounded by beautiful hills. The church is collegiate, and has a square tower near the centre, with eight bells, and a set of chimes. The streets are wide, well paved, and very clean. A great traffic is carried on in lime, which is accounted superior to any other made in the country: the town also supports a considerable trade in meal. Dorking is noted for its breed of poultry, which is remarkably large and fine, and singular for the birds having five toes in each claw. Capons bred here about Christmas, often weigh seven or eight pounds out of the feathers. In the suburbs are many elegant seats. The custom of Borough English prevails in this manor, by which the youngest son is heir to a copyhold estate. It contains 607 houses, and 3259 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.

71 Dover, Kent, 10. A sea port and market town, and one of the cinque ports, containing 3068 houses, and 13,418 inhabitants. This town lies in a valley, encompassed by a semicircle of hills, and was formerly surrounded by a wall which had 10 gates, and appears to have been in a very flourishing state in the reign of Edward the Confessor, who incorporated it by the style of a mayor and commonalty. The town consists of two parts, connected by a long narrow street, called Snaresgate Street, from the lofty rocks that overhang it, and seem to threaten the passenger with instant death. The town hall stands in the market place, and is ornamented with several good portraits, and a curious print of the embarkation of Henry the Eighth for France. It has also a neat assembly room, a theatre, and two circulating libraries. Here were formerly seven churches, but five of them have long since been demolished; those remaining are dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, and St. James: the former was built by the prior and convent of St. Martin’s, for the use of the inhabitants, and the foundation of its tower was built upon the remains of an ancient Roman bath. The church of St. James anciently belonged to the castle, and in it the Courts of Chancery and Admiralty for the Cinque Ports are still occasionally held. In the reign of Henry the Third a large religious house was founded by Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, at the end of this town, called the Maison Dieu; but at the time of the reformation it was converted into a victualling office, for which purpose it is still used. Dover is celebrated in history as a place of the greatest importance ever since the Norman Conquest. Its ancient castle is supposed to have been built by Julius Cæsar. Henry the Second, about the year 1153, is said to have enclosed it with a new wall. The present entrance is on the south side of the main tower, by a grand flight of steps round the eastern side to the third story, or the governor’s apartments. These steps were secured by three strong gates, at each of which was a chamber or guard room, and a dungeon for prisoners, in which several persons of distinction have been confined at different times, but now used only for disorderly soldiers. These entrances, before the use of gunpowder, were impregnable, the walls being 18 feet thick. Without the Duke of Suffolk’s gate are commodious barracks, and wells which supply the garrison with water, being about 370 feet deep. After this castle was surrendered to William the Conqueror, it was considerably strengthened, and made more secure by the erection of two exterior walls from the Saxon fortification to the very edge of the perpendicular cliff and additional towers. In the exterior wall of the castle are 17 towers, most of them named from the persons under whom they were erected. In the reign of Charles I. this strong fortress was taken by surprise by a few men in the night. One Drake, a zealous republican, formed a plan to seize the garrison; and, accompanied by 10 or 12 men, at midnight, by the assistance of ropes and scaling ladders, he reached the top of the high cliff undiscovered. Having dispatched the sentinel, they threw open the gates, and the garrison, who were few in number, in the confusion supposing themselves to be attacked by superior numbers, surrendered up the castle to this handful of desperadoes. Under the castle to the north of the town, Captain Smith, the father of the gallant Sir Sidney Smith, has erected a pleasant though whimsical residence, called The Cave; it is hewn out of the solid rock. Near the edge of the cliff is a beautiful piece of brass ordnance, 24 feet long, cast at Utrecht, in 1544, called Queen Anne’s Pocket Pistol, finely ornamented with figures in bass-relief: it was a present from the States of Holland to the Queen, and is said to be capable of carrying a twelve pound shot to the distance of seven miles. In time of peace this town is a great thoroughfare for persons passing and re-passing to and from France, the channel here being only nine leagues across to Calais, and with a fair wind the voyage is often made in one tide. The harbour has been considerably improved of late years, but still will only admit vessels of moderate burthen. The piers which form the haven are very costly works, defended by some very strong batteries, which are now continued in a chain along the coast, with numerous martello towers, &c. The market days are on Wednesday and Saturday.

117 Downhead, Somerset, 166. A hamlet containing 43 houses, and 225 inhabitants.

59 Down Hurstbourn, Hants, 100.

106 Down, Little, Dorset, 107.

86 Down, Little, Wilts, 162.

122 Down, North, Dorset, 110.

127 Down, North, Somerset, 142.

45 Down Wood, Sussex, 20.

224 Dozmare Pool, Cornwall, 154.

Drayton, Hants, 214, 223.

90 Drove End, Wilts, 105.

64 Droxford, Hants, 97. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1199 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in a fine open country, having an extensive view over Portsdown. The church is a good building, of Saxon architecture.

80 Druidical Temple, Wilts, 183, 198. The ruins of this temple evidently manifest its having once been the most extensive in the kingdom of which at present we have any remains, though from its situation being low, and it having been encroached upon by a village being formed within its area, consequently obscuring it by the erection of houses, planting trees, hedges, &c. it has not become so much an object of attention as Stonehenge, and other relicks of the kind situated on more commanding and less cultivated districts. This is nevertheless more calculated to excite astonishment, if strictly investigated, than any one of the others, though, from the circumstances above stated, it is certainly less striking to the superficial observer. As a monument of the peculiar rights and customs of a people with whose history, manners, and establishments we are totally unacquainted, this stupendous ruin certainly claims particular attention, there being still remaining numerous objects to awaken curiosity, and excite research. In its perfect state, this immense temple must have presented an appearance at once solemn and impressive: at present, part of its site is occupied by the village of Avebury, with the high road passing through it, bounded by lofty hills, and the greater part encircled by a deep and wide ditch, and a lofty vallum, within which are several very large stones, some standing erect, and others lying on the ground; at some distance, south and west of the village, are other stones in similar situations. According to Stukely, this temple originally consisted of 650 stones, independent of a large cromlech about a mile to the north. The vast barrow, called Silbury Hill, and numerous others in the neighbourhood, are all apparently connected with the work.

186 Drum Bridge, Devon, 118.

223 Drywork, Cornwall, 154.

103 Duncliff, Dorset, 139.

110 Duncorn Hill, Somerset, 187.

53 Duncton, Sussex, 39. A parish containing 30 houses, and 205 inhabitants.

51 Duncton Common, Sussex, 39.