Front matter (continued 5)

lugareño -a, of a village, village —.

lúgubre, dismal, lugubrious.

Luis, -isa, m. and f. (prop. noun), Lewis, Louise.

lujosamente, luxuriously.

luminoso -a, bright, luminous.

luna, f., moon.

Lunero -a, moony, "luny."

lunes, m., Monday.

luz, f., light; luces, f. plur., lights, "bright lights."

Ll

llama, f., flame.

llamamiento, m., call.

llamar, to call, call upon, ring (a door-bell); se llama, his (or her) name is; ¿cómo se llama? what is his name?; llamar la atención (á), to attract the attention (of).

llano, m., plain.

llanto, m., weeping, tears.

llanura, f., plain.

llave, f., key.

llegada, f., arrival.

llegar, to arrive, come, come up, succeed; llegarse, to come near to.

llegue, -es, -e, etc.: see llegar.

llenar (de), to fill (with).

lleno -a, full, filled.

llevar, to carry, bear, take (away), wear, keep, spend or pass (time); llevarse, to take away, carry away; llevar á cabo, to carry out, complete.

llorar, to weep, cry, mourn; llorar de, to weep with.

lloroso -a, tearful, sorrowful.

llover (ue), to rain; llover á mares, to rain in floods (or buckets-full).

lluvia, f., rain, shower.

M

maceta, f., flower-pot.

machacar, to pound up.

macho, male, masculine.

machón, m., pillar (that supports the main part of a large structure).

madera, f., wood, timber; puerta de madera, wooden door; maderas, plur., woodwork, wooden door.

madre, f., mother.

madreselva, f., honeysuckle.

Madrid (prop. noun), Madrid (the capital of Spain; in New Castile; population, about 550,000); Madrid del Sur, Southern Madrid.

madriguera, f., burrow.

madrileño -a, of Madrid, one in Madrid; los madrileños, the people of Madrid.

madrina, f., god-mother, foster-mother, patroness.

madroño, m., strawberry-tree (a tree with leaves resembling those of the laurel, and with red flowers).

madrugada, f., early morning, dawn; de madrugada, at break of day.

madurez, f., ripeness, maturity.

mae, f., used colloquially for madre.

maestría, f., skill.

magnate, m., magnate.

magnífico -a, splendid, magnificent.

mahometano -a, Mohammedan.

majestad, f., majesty.

majestuosamente, majestically.

majestuoso -a, majestic, solemn.

mal, m., evil, trouble, illness.

mal: see malo.

mal, badly, poorly, incorrectly.

maldito -a (irreg. past part. of maldecir), cursed.

malhechor, -ora, m. and f., evil doer, criminal.

malicia, f., wrong, wickedness.

malicioso -a, suspicious, malicious.

mal(o) -a, bad, ill; estar malo, to be ill; ponerse malo, to become (or fall) ill.

mamá, f., mamma.

mancha, f., stain, spot.

mandamiento, m., commandment.

mandar, to command, order, send; mandar á buscar, to send for; mandar hacer (traer) alguna cosa, to have something made (brought).

mandíbula, f., jaw.

manera, f., manner; de esta manera, in this way; de todas maneras, in any case; á (de) manera que, so that.

manía, f., whim, mania.

manifestar (ie), to show.

maniobra, f., trick, manœuvre.

manjar, m., viand.

mano, f., hand, fore-foot (of beast); á mano, at hand, present.

manojo, m., bundle, bunch.

Manolita, f. (dim. of Manuela), Emma.

Manresa, f. (prop. noun), Manresa (a station on the railway from Madrid to Barcelona).

manso -a, gentle.

manta, f., blanket.

mantel, m., cloth, table-cloth.

mantener, to maintain, support, hold up.

manto, m., cloak; manto de nieve, coat of snow.

Manuel, -ela, m. and f. (prop. noun), Emanuel, Emma.

manzana, f., apple.

Manzanares (prop. noun), Manzanares (the river that flows through Madrid).

mañana, f., morning; por la mañana, in the morning.

mañana, tomorrow.

mañanita, f. (dim. of mañana), early morning.

máquina, f., machine.

maquinalmente, mechanically.

mar, m. or f., sea; llover á mares, to rain in floods, rain buckets-full.

maraña, f., jungle.

maravilla, f., wonder, marvel; á las mil maravillas, wonderfully.

Maravillas, f. plur. (prop. noun: lit., miracles).

maravilloso -a, wonderful, marvelous.

marcar, to mark, stamp.

marco, m., frame; marco de la puerta, doorway.

marcha, f., march; ponerse en marcha, to start; sobre la marcha, on the spot.

marchar, to move away, go, walk; marcharse, to go (away).

marchitar, to wither, blight, mar.

marea, f., tide.

Margot, f. (prop. noun), Marget.

María, f., (prop. noun), Mary; María del Pilar, Mary of the Pillar (an appellation of the Virgin Mary).

marido, m., husband.

marinero, m., sailor.

mariposa, f., butterfly.

Mariquilla, f. (dim. of Marica, which is, in turn, a dim. of María), May, Molly.

Mariquita, f., (dim. of Marica, which is, in turn, a dim. of María), May, Molly.

mármol, m., marble.

marmota, f., marmot (the common European marmot is about the size of a rabbit. The American woodchuck and prairie dog belong to the marmot family: the marmot hibernates).

marqués, -esa, m. and f., marquis, marchioness.

martes, m., Tuesday.

Martínez (prop. noun).

mártir, m. and f., martyr.

martirio, m., martyrdom; martirios, plur., martyrdom.

marzo, m., March.

mas, but; mas que no sea, even if it be not.

más (comp. of mucho), more (or most), other, longer; á poco más, a little more and, almost; á más y mejor, more and more; á más no poder, to the utmost; más bien que, rather than; no más ... que, only, except; por más que, although; sin más que, without, except; sobre poco más ó menos, very nearly.

mastín, m., mastiff.

mata, f., plant, bush, shrubbery.

matar, to kill.

mate, dull, lustreless; plata mate, frosted silver.

materialmente, bodily.

materno -a, maternal.

matorrales, m. plur., thicket.

matrimonio, m., marriage, matrimony.

maullido, m., mewing.

mayo, m., May.

mayor (comp. of grande), larger, largest; older, oldest; of age, chief; mayores, ancestors; altar mayor, high altar.

mayorcito -a (dim. of mayor), somewhat older (or oldest).

mayoría, f., majority; ser de la mayoría parlamentaria, to be a member of the ruling party in parliament.

mazmorra, f., underground prison.

me, me, to me; myself.

mecer(se), to stir, rock.

mecha, f., wick.

media, f., stocking.

mediano -a, moderate.

mediar, to be half gone, lie between.

médico, m., physician.

medida, f., measure; á medida que, in proportion as, while.

medio, m., middle, means; por medio de, by means of; en medio, in the middle, in the midst.

medio -a, half a, a half; las siete y media, half-past seven; media noche, midnight.

medir (i), to measure, size up.

meditar, to meditate, muse, plan; meditar en, to think of, plan.

medroso -a, timid, fearful.

mejilla, f., cheek.

mejor (comp. of bueno), better, best; ¡mejor! so much the better; á más y mejor, more and more; mejor dicho, or rather; en lo mejor, in the best part.

melancolía, f., melancholy; melancolías, plur., melancholy thoughts.

melancólicamente, sadly, in a melancholy way.

melancólico -a, melancholy; paseo de los Melancólicos, Melancólicos Boulevard, or Boulevard of the Melancholy.

melena, f., hair; melenas, plur., mane.

Melgarejo, m. (prop. noun).

melodioso -a, melodious.

mella, f., nick, gap.

memoria, f., memory; memorias, plur., regards, compliments; de memoria, by memory, by heart.

mendigo -a, m. and f., beggar.

menear, to shake.

menester, m., necessity; es menester, it is necessary.

menor (comp. of pequeño), smaller, smallest; younger, youngest.

menos (comp. of poco), less, least; (á) lo menos, por lo menos, at least; á menos que, unless; echar de menos, to miss; menos de, less than; no podía (or pudo) menos de, he could not help.

menosprecio, m., scorn, contempt.

mentalmente, mentally.

mente, f., mind.

menudo -a, small, minute; á menudo, often.

mercado, m., market.

mercantil, commercial.

merced, f., mercy; su merced, you, sir; Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, Our Lady of Mercy (a title or attribute of the Virgin Mary).

merecer, to deserve.

merino -a, merino (a variety of sheep, usually driven in flocks from one part of Spain to another for pasturage).

mérito, m., merit, worth.

mes, m., month.

mesa, f., table, table-land.

mesilla, f. (dim. of mesa), little table.

mesita, f. (dim. of mesa), little table; mesita de escribir, small writing-table.

metal, m., metal.

metálico -a, metallic.

meter, to put, place, keep; meterse á, to begin to, set one's self up as; meterse en, to get into.

metódico -a, regular, methodical.

metro, m., meter (=3 feet 3-3/8 inches).

mezcla, f., mixture, mortar.

mezclar, to mingle, mix; mezclar entre, to mingle in, join.

mezquino -a, contemptible, mean.

mi, my.

mí, me, myself.

miedo, m., fear; tener miedo, to be afraid.

mientras (que), while, as long as; mientras más, the more; mientras más tarde, mejor, the later, the better; mientras tanto, in the meanwhile.

miércoles, m., Wednesday.

mies, f., crop, harvest.

miga, f., crumb, fried bread.

Miguel, m. (prop. noun), Michael (the archangel Michael was the traditional chief of the heavenly host, that cast the Devil out of Heaven).

mil, (one) thousand.

militar, military; m., officer.

millón, m., million.

millonario -a, m. and f., millionaire.

mimbral, m., osier thicket (the mimbre, "osier," is a kind of willow used for making baskets).

ministerio, m., government, ministry.

minúsculo, m., minute, small.

minuto, m., minute.

mío -a, my, mine.

mirada, f., gaze, look, glance.

mirador, m., lookout (on a city wall, bridge, etc.), projecting balcony.

mirar, to look, look at, look in, watch, consider; ¡mira! look! see here!

misa, f., mass; misa de requiem, requiem mass (said, or sung, for the repose of a departed soul).

miserable, wretched, miserable; esos miserables, those wretches.

misericordia, f., mercy.

mísero -a, wretched, miserable.

misión, f., mission, duty.

mismo -a, same, self, himself, (herself, etc.), very, own; lo mismo que (or de), the same (thing) as; un mismo, a single, one and the same; aquí mismo, right here.

misterio, m., mystery; con misterio, mysteriously.

misterioso -a, mysterious.

misticismo, m., mysticism.

mitra, f., miter.

modestamente, modestly.

modesto -a, modest.

modificación, f., modification.

modo, m., mode, way; á modo de, like; de modo que, so that; de este modo, in this way; ¿de qué modo? how?

mofarse de, to mock.

mojadura, f., wetting.

mojar, to wet; mojar las polainas: see polaina.

moler (ue), to grind, wear out.

molestar, to trouble.

molestia, f., trouble, annoyance.

molino, m., mill.

momento, m., moment.

monarca, m., monarch.

monje -a, m. and f., monk, nun.

mono -a, m. and f., monkey.

monótono -a, monotonous.

montaña, f., mountain, upland, mountainous country.

montar, to mount, ride; montar á caballo, to mount (a horse), ride horseback.

monte, m., hill, wooded upland.

monumento, m., monument.

morada, f., dwelling, abode.

morador, -ora, m. and f., inmate, inhabitant.

morder (ue), to bite.

morenito -a (dim. of moreno), rather dark(-complexioned).

moreno -a, brown, dark; una morena, a brunette.

moribundo -a, dying.

morir (ue), to die; morirse, to die, be dying; morir de viejo, to die of old age.

morisco -a, Moorish.

Moro -a, m. and f., Moor.

mortífero -a, death-dealing, deadly.

mortificación, f., mortification; con gran mortificación de, to the great mortification of.

mortuorio -a, mortuary (of or pertaining to the dead).

moruno -a, Moorish.

mosca, f., fly.

moscón, m. (aug. of mosca), gad-fly.

mosquito, m., gnat, mosquito.

Móstoles (prop. noun).

mostrador, m., counter.

mostrar (ue), to show.

mover (ue), to move, stir, stir up; moverse, to move, move about.

movible, moving, movable.

movimiento, m., movement.

mozo -a, m. and f., youth, maid; servant, waiter, porter.

muchacho -a, m. and f., boy, girl; muchachos, m. plur., boys and girls, children.

muchedumbre, f., multitude, throng.

muchísimo -a (from mucho), very much.

mucho -a, much (plur., many), abundant.

mucho (adv.), much, very, very well, greatly.

mudo -a, mute.

mueblaje, m., furnishings, furniture.

mueca, f., grimace, contortion of the face; hacer muecas, to make faces.

muelle, m., wharf, dock.

muerdo, -es, -e, etc.: see morder.

muero, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of morir.

muerte, f., death.

muerto -a (past part. of morir), dead, idle (hours).

mujer, f., woman, wife.

muleta, f., crutch.

mulo -a, m. and f., mule.

multitud, f., large number, multitude.

mullido -a, soft.

mundano -a, worldly, mundane.

mundo, m., world; todo el mundo, everybody.

muñeca, f., wrist, doll.

muralla, f., wall.

muriendo, pres. part. of morir.

murió, pret. ind., 3d pers. sing., of morir.

murmullo, m., murmur; murmullos, plur., murmuring.

murmurar, to murmur.

muro, m., wall.

música, f., music.

músico, m., musician; músico mayor, leader (or director) of a band of music.

musulmán, -ana, Mussulman, Mohammedan.

mutilar, to mutilate.

muy, very, very well, very much, very great.

N

nacer, to be born, grow (as light).

nacimiento, m., birth; Nacimiento, representation of Christ's Nativity (scene representing a part of Bethlehem, with images of those present at Christ's Nativity. These Nacimientos are made for children at Christmas).

nación, f., nation.

nacional, national.

nada, nothing; no... nada, not ... anything.

nada (adv.), not at all, by no means, by all means.

nadar, to swim.

nadie, no one, nobody.

nana, f., mother, lullaby.

naranja, f., orange.

Narciso, m. (prop. noun), Narcissus.

nariz, f., nose; narices, nostrils, nose.

narrar, to narrate, relate.

natal, native.

natural, natural.

naturaleza, f., nature.

naufragar, to be wrecked.

navaja, f., clasp-knife; navaja de afeitar, razor.

nave, f., nave (body of a church, extending from the choir to the principal entrance. By extension, nave may designate the smaller lateral spaces parallel to the principal nave, and also the body of the transept).

navegante, m., sailor, navigator.

navegar, to sail, navigate.

Navidad, f., Christmas.

nazareno -a, Nazarene, Christian.

neblina, f., mist.

necesario -a, necessary.

necesidad, f., necessity.

necesitar, to need; necesitar de, to lack, need.

necio -a, foolish.

negar (ie), to deny, refuse; negarse á, to refuse to.

negocio, m., business, deal.

negro -a, black, dark.

nervioso -a, energetic, nervous.

nevado -a (past part. of nevar), covered with snow, snowy.

nevar (ie), to snow.

ni, neither, nor, (not) even; ni... ni, neither ... nor.

nido, m., nest.

niebla, f., haze, mist.

nieto -a, m. and f., grandson, granddaughter; grandchild.

nieve, f., snow.

ninguno -a, no, none, no one: no... ninguno, not ... any.

niñera, f., nursemaid.

niñez, f., childhood.

niño -a, m. and f., child, little boy, little girl; niña del ojo, pupil of the eye.

nivel, m., level.

no, no, not.

noble, noble.

nocturno, m., nocturne, evening song.

noche, f., night; de noche, por la noche, at night; esta noche, tonight; media noche, midnight; ser de noche, to be night; todas las noches, every night.

nombre, m., name, sake; de nombre, by name.

norte, m., north; del norte, northern.

nos, us, to us; ourselves.

nosotros -as, we; us.

nota, f., note, tone.

notar, to note, notice.

noticia, f., news, piece of news; noticias, news.

notificar, to notify (of).

novedad, f., something new.

novela, f., novel.

novelería, f., fondness for news, love of novelty.

noviembre, m., November.

novio -a, m. and f., betrothed.

nube, f., cloud.

nublado -a (past part. of nublar), cloudy.

nuca, f., back of the neck, nape of the neck.

nudo, m., knot, lump.

nuestro -a, our, ours.

nueva, f., news.

nuevamente, again.

nueve, nine.

nuevo -a, new, other; de nuevo, again, anew.

número, m., number.

numeroso -a, numerous.

nunca, never; no ... nunca, not ... ever; sin ... nunca, without ... ever.

Núñez (prop. noun).

O

ó, or, either; ó sea, or rather.

obedecer (á), to obey.

obediencia, f., obedience.

obediente, obedient.

obeso -a, stout, fat.

objeto, m., object.

obligación, f., duty, obligation.

obligar, to oblige, compel.

obra, f., work; poner por obra, to carry out, execute.

obscurecer(se), to darken, grow dark.

obscuridad, f., darkness, obscurity.

obscuro -a, dark.

obsequiar, to treat, present, regale; obsequiar con regalos, to make presents.

obsequio, m., gift; en obsequio de, for the sake of.

observar, to observe.

obstante: no obstante, nevertheless.

obstinado -a (past part. of obstinar), obstinate.

obstinarse, to persist.

obtener, to get, obtain.

obtuve, -iste, -o, etc., pret. ind. of obtener.

ocasión, f., occasion, opportunity.

octava, f., octave (an eight-day celebration of a religious festival).

octubre, m., October.

ocultar, to hide.

oculto -a, hidden.

ocupación, f., occupation, business affair.

ocupado -a (past part. of ocupar), busy.

ocupar, to occupy, hold; ocuparse de, to busy one's self with.

ocurrir (se), to occur, take place.

ochavo, m., half-farthing (lit., a half-cuarto).

ocho, eight; ocho días, a week.

odio, m., hate, hatred; odios, plur., hatred.

oeste, m., west.

ofender, to offend.

oficiar, to officiate.

oficina, f., office.

ofrecer, to offer; ¿qué se le ofrece á usted? what do you wish, sir?

ofrenda, f., offering.

oído, m., hearing, ear (lit., inner ear).

oiga, oigas, etc., pres. subj. of oir.

oigo, oyes, oye, etc., pres. ind. of oir.

oir, to hear; oir hablar de, to hear of (about); ¡oye! ¡oiga! listen!

ojalá, would that, God grant.

ojiva, f., Gothic (or pointed) window.

ojo, m., eye.

ola, f., wave.

oler (hue-), to smell.

olita, f. (dim. of ola), little wave.

olivar, m., olive grove.

olivo, m., olive-tree.

olor, m., smell, odor; olor á, smell of.

oloroso -a, fragrant, odorous.

olvidar, to forget, neglect; se me olvidó, I forgot.

olvido, m., oblivion, forgetfulness.

olla, f., pot.

omitir, to omit.

omnipotencia, f., omnipotence.

once, eleven.

ópera, f., opera.

opinión, f., opinion.

oponerse á, to oppose.

oportunidad, f., opportuneness.

oportuno -a, proper, opportune.

oprimir, to press, oppress.

opuesto -a (past part. of oponer), opposed, opposite; lo opuesto, opposites, that which is opposite.

opulento -a, wealthy, opulent, splendid.

ora, now.

oración, f., prayer, sentence; Oración, Angelus (the evening prayer, which is said at the ringing of the church bell).

orbe, m., orb, sphere, world.

orden, m., order.

oreja, f., ear.

Orellana (prop. noun).

organista, m. and f., organist.

organizar, to organize.

órgano, m., organ.

orgullo, m., pride.

orgulloso -a, proud.

orilla, f., bank, shore, beach; á orillas de, on the bank of.

oro, m., gold.

os, you, to you; yourselves.

osadía, f., boldness.

oscilar, to sway, oscillate.

oso -a, m. and f., bear.

ostentar, to display, boast of.

otoño, m., autumn.

otro -a, other, next; al otro día, the next day; otro tanto, so much (many); uno y otro, each, both.

oveja, f., sheep, ewe.

oye, pres. ind., or imperat. sing., of oir.

oyente, m. and f., hearer, listener.

oyeron, pret. ind., 3^d pers. plur., of oir.

oyó, pret. ind., 3^d pers. sing. of oir.

P

Pablo, m. (prop. noun), Paul.

pacer, to pasture, graze.

paciencia, f., patience.

pacientemente, patiently.

pacífico -a, peaceful.

Paco, m. (prop. noun: colloquial form of Francisco, "Francis"), Frank.

padecer, to suffer.

padre, m., father; padres, plur., parents; Padre Nuestro, Lord's Prayer.

pae, m. (used colloquially for padre), papa, dad.

pagar, to pay (for), reward.

país, m., country.

paja, f., straw.

pajarero, m., bird-seller.

pajarillo -a, m. and f. (dim. of pájaro), little bird.

pajarito -a, m. and f. (dim. of pájaro), little bird.

pájaro -a, m. and f., bird.

paje, m., page.

pajuela, f., "light-straw" (lit., piece of straw, string, etc., dipped in sulphur, which was lighted with the aid of flint and steel).

palabra, f., word, speech; dirigir la palabra, to say a word; mojar la palabra, to wet one's throat.

palacio, m., palace.

paladar, m., palate.

palidecer, to turn pale.

pálido -a, pale.

paliza, f., beating (with a "stick," palo), caning.

palma, f., palm.

palmada: dar palmadas, to clap one's hands.

palmatoria, f., candlestick.

palmera, f., palm-tree.

palmito, m., palmetto, dwarf palm.

palmo, m., span, a quarter of a yard; abrir un palmo de boca, to open one's mouth a quarter of a yard wide.

palo, m., stick, blow with a stick; emprender á palos, to come to blows.

Palomar: El Palomar (prop. noun: lit., the dovecot).

palomita, f. (dim. of paloma), small butterfly.

palpar, to feel, touch.

pan, m., bread, loaf (of bread).

panecillo, m. (dim. of pan), small loaf of bread, roll.

pantalón, m., (pair of) trousers.

paño, m., cloth.

pañuelo, m., handkerchief.

papá, m., papa.

papel, m., paper.

Paquito, m. (dim. of Paco, a colloquial form of Francisco), Frank.

par, m., pair.

par, equal, alike; á la par, at once, all together; de par en par, wide, wide open.

para, for, in order to; decir para sí, to say to one's self; para que, in order that; ¿para qué? why?

parábola, f., parable.

paraguas, m., umbrella.

paraíso, m., paradise.

paraje, m., place.

paralizar, to paralyze.

parar, to stop, parry; pararse, to stop; parar la atención, to fix one's attention, notice.

parcial, m., follower, partisan.

pardo -a, dark brown.

parecer, to seem, appear, look like; parecerse á, to seem, resemble; al parecer, apparently.

parecido -a (past part, of parecer), similar, like; ni cosa parecida, nor anything like it.

pared, f., wall.

pareja, f., couple.

pariente -a, m. and f., relative.

París (prop. noun), Paris.

parlamentario -a, of Parliament, parliamentary.

paroxismo, m., paroxysm.

párpado, m., eyelid.

parra, f., grape vine.

párroco, m., parish priest.

parroquia, f., parish church.

parroquial, parish, parochial.

parroquiano -a, m. and f., customer.

parte, f., part; á (en) todas partes, everywhere; de parte de, on the part of, in behalf of; de parte á parte, through and through; por ninguna parte, nowhere; por otra parte, on the other hand.

particular, especial, particular.

partir, to divide, share, leave, start, set out, rise.

pasado -a (past part. of pasar), past, last; lo pasado, the past (time).

pasajero -a, m. and f., passenger, passer-by.

pasajero -a, momentary.

pasar, to pass, run through, happen, undergo, suffer, be the matter (with); pasarse, to pass; pasar(se) de, to exceed; pasar por, to pass by (or over); ¿qué te pasa? what is the matter with you?

pasear, to walk (for pleasure), walk to and fro, pass, take; pasearse, to walk (to and fro); ir á pasear, to go walking.

paseo, m., walk, drive, boulevard, "paseo" (=park or avenue, where one walks or drives for pleasure); dar paseos, to take walks.

pasión, f., passion.

pasmo, m., astonishment, amazement.

paso, m., pace, step, pass, way; cerrar el paso, impedir el paso, to block the way; dar pasos, to take steps; dejar paso, to let pass; salir al paso, to come out to meet.

pastar, to feed.

pastor, -ora, m. and f., shepherd, shepherdess.

Pastrana, f. (prop. noun).

pata, f., paw, claw, foot (the pata is, to be exact, the foot and lower leg of beast or bird).

patada, f., stamp.

patente, patent; ejemplo patente, good example.

paternal, paternal.

paterno -a, paternal.

patio, m., court-yard (the patio of a house is usually in the center of the building, with verandas and rooms about it).

patita, f., (dim. of pata): poner de patitas en la calle, to push some one out (into the street) with one's foot, put out forcibly.

pato -a, m. and f., drake, duck.

patraña, f., fable, "fake."

patriarca, m., patriarch.

patrio -a, native, paternal.

patrona, f., patron saint, landlady.

pausadamente, slowly, quietly.

pavimiento, m., pavement.

paz, f., peace.

pecador, -ora, m. and f., sinner.

pececillo, m. (dim. of pez), little fish.

pecuniario -a, pecuniary, financial.

pecho, m., breast, lung; de pechos á, leaning against.

pedazo, m., piece.

pedir (i), to ask (for); pedir á, to ask of; pedir por, to intercede for; pedir prestado, to borrow.

pedrería, f., precious stones.

Pedro, m. (prop. noun), Peter.

pedrusco, m., big stone.

pedúnculo, m., stem, peduncle.

pegar, to attach, stick, strike, give (a blow, slap, etc.); pegar el tiro á, to shoot.

pegue, -es, etc., pres. subj. of pegar.

pegué, pret., 1st pers. sing., of pegar.

pelear, to fight.

peligro, m., danger, peril.

peligroso -a (para), dangerous (to), perilous (to).

pelo, m., hair.

pelota, f., ball; jugar á la pelota, to play ball.

pena, f., punishment, sorrow, trouble.

pendón, m., standard.

penetrar, to enter, penetrate; penetrar por, to pass through.

penitencia, f., penance.

penitente, penitent.

penosamente, painfully.

penoso -a, laborious, difficult.

pensamiento, m., thought.

pensar (ie), to think, plan; pensar en, to think of.

pensativo -a, in thought, pensive.

peña, f., rock.

peñasco, m., rock, crag, rocky ledge.

peor (comp. of malo), worse, worst.

Pepa, f. (prop. noun: a colloquial form of Josefa, "Josephine"), Josie.

Pepilla, f. (dim. of Pepa), (little) Josie.

pepita, f., seed.

Pepita, f. (dim. of Pepa), (little) Josie.

Pepito, m. (prop. noun: a dim. of Pepe, which is, in turn, a colloquial form of José, "Joseph"), (little) Joe.

pequeñito -a (dim. of pequeño), very small, very little.

pequeño -a, little, small.

pequeñuelo -a (dim. of pequeño), little, little fellow.

pera, f., pear.

peral, m., pear-tree.

percibir, to receive, perceive.

perder (ie), to lose; perder de vista, to lose sight of.

pérdida, f., loss.

perdón, m., pardon; ¡perdón! forgive me!

perdonar, to pardon, forgive.

peregrinación, f., journey, pilgrimage.

peregrino -a, m. and f., pilgrim.

peregrino -a, wandering.

Pérez (prop. noun).

perezoso -a, indolent, idle.

perfección, f., perfection; á la perfección, to perfection.

perfectamente, perfectly.

perfecto -a, perfect.

perfil, m., profile.

perfumar, to perfume.

perfume, m., perfume.

pergamino, m., parchment (made of pig-skin, and used for important documents on account of its durability).

periódico, m., newspaper.

perjuro -a, false, perjurer.

perla, f., pearl.

permanecer, to remain.

permiso, m., permission.

permitir, to permit; ¡no lo permita Dios! God forbid!

pero, but.

perro -a, m. and f., dog; "perro chico," copper coin=5 céntimos; "perro grande"=10 céntimos.

perruno -a, canine.

perseguir (i), to pursue, run after.

persistencia, f., persistence; con persistencia, persistently.

persona, f., person; personas, plur., persons, men and women.

personaje, m., character, person.

personal, personal.

personificación, f., personification.

pertenecer, to belong.

Perú, m. (prop. noun), Peru.

pervertir (ie), to pervert.

pesado -a (past part. of pesar), heavy, tedious; lo pesado de una faena, the tediousness of a task.

pesar: á pesar de, in spite of; á pesar mío, in spite of myself.

pesar, to weigh, cause regret.

pesaroso -a, sorrowful.

pesca, f., fishing, catch (of fish); pueblo de pesca, village of fishermen.

pescador, m., fisherman; pescador de caña, one who fishes with a rod.

pescar, to fish, catch.

pesebre, m., manger, stall.

peseta, f., silver coin worth about twenty American cents (1 peseta = 100 céntimos. The peseta is the monetary unit of value in Spain).

peso, m., weight, dollar.

pestillo, m., door (or window) latch.

pez, m., fish.

¡pí, pí! peep, peep!

piadoso -a, pious.

piano, m., piano.

picacho, m. (aug. of pico), lofty peak.

picar, to bite.

picardía, f., knavery, offensive term.

picaresco -a, roguish.

pícaro -a, m. and f., rascal.

pícaro -a, sly, rascally.

pico, m., peak, beak, mouth (of birds); callar su pico, to cease their twittering.

pido, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of pedir.

pie, m., foot; á los pies de, at the foot of; ponerse de (or en) pie, to stand up.

piedad, f., pity.

piedra, f., stone.

piel, f., skin, leather, fur.

pienso, m., feed (of horses and mules).

pierdo, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of perder.

pierna, f., leg; dormir á pierna suelta, to sleep soundly.

pieza, f., piece, room; piezas de canto, snatches of song.

pilar, m., pillar.

Pilonga, f. (prop. noun).

pillar, to catch.

pim, pam, pum, bang, bang.

pimienta, f., pepper.

pintar, to paint, describe.

pintorescamente, picturesquely.

pintoresco -a, picturesque.

piqueta, f., pickaxe.

pirámide, f., pyramid.

pisada, f., footstep, tread, stamping, sound of hoofs.

pisar, to tread (on), step upon, walk on.

piso, m., ground, floor, story; piso bajo, ground (or first) floor; primer piso, second floor (or story).

placer, m., pleasure.

plan, m., plan.

plana, f., page; enmendar la plana, to correct.

planta, f., plant; echar plantas, to boast.

plantar, to plant, leave in the lurch; plantarse, to take a position, reach.

plata, f., silver.

platicar, to chat, talk.

plato, m., plate.

playa, f., shore.

plaza, f., central square (or "plaza"), market-place, place.

plazo, m., time, term.

plegaria, f., prayer.

pluma, f., feather, pen.

población, f., town, city.

poblar (ue), to people; poblarse, to fill up (with people), people.

pobre, poor.

pobreza, f., poverty.

poco -a, little, (plur.) few; adv., little, a little, not very; á poco, in a little while, soon afterward; á poco más, a little more and, almost; poco á poco, little by little, slowly.

podenco -a, m. and f., hound.

poder, m., power.

poder, to be able, can, may; á más no poder, to the utmost, exceedingly; no podía (pudo) menos de, he could not help; como puede, as best he (she, it) can.

poderoso -a, mighty, powerful, able.

podría, etc., cond. ind. of poder.

poema, m., poem.

poesía, f., poetry, poem, verse.

poeta, m., poet.

poético -a, poetic.

polaina, f., legging; calzar polainas, to be rustic (lit., to wear leggings); mojársele las polainas al Santo, to rain (lit., to wet the Saint's leggings).

policía, f., policing, police supervision.

político -a, political.

polizonte, m., policeman.

polvo, m., dust.

pollo -a, m. and f., chick, chicken.

polluelo -a, m. and f. (dim. of pollo), little bird, chick.

pompa, f., pomp.

pon, imperat. sing. of poner.

ponderar, to enlarge upon, emphasize.

pondré, pondrás, etc., fut. ind. of poner.

poner, to put, set, set up, lay (eggs), make; ponerse, to put on, set (as the sun), become, turn; ponerse á, to set one's self at, begin to; poner á que, to bet that; ponerse á (or de) pie, to stand up.

ponga, pongas, etc., pres. subj. of poner.

pongo, pones, etc., pres. ind. of poner.

popa, f., stern (of a ship); de popa, astern.

popular, popular.

poquillo -a (dim. of poco), little, very little.

por, for, by, through, to, over, on account of, with regard to, as a; por ... que, however; ¿por qué? why?; por ahí (or allí), over there; por más que, although; por si, lest, for fear that.

porción, f., portion, number.

porfía, f., insistence, persistence; á porfía, in rivalry; meterse en porfías, to argue.

pórfido, m., porphyry.

porque, because, so that.

portal, m., doorway.

portamonedas, m., pocketbook.

portero, m., janitor, gatekeeper.

portezuela, f. (dim. of puerta), door (of a railway coach), carriage door.

portillo, m. (dim. of puerto), gate (small gate in the wall of a city).

porvenir: lo porvenir, the future (lit., the to-come).

pos: en pos de, after.

posada, f., inn.

posar(se), to rest, light, alight.

poseer, to possess.

posesión, f., possession.

posible, possible.

posición, f., position, situation.

positivo -a, positive.

poste, m., post.

postres, m. plur., dessert; varios postres, several kinds of dessert.

postura, f., position, posture.

potencia, f., power, faculty.

potente, powerful, strong.

práctico -a, practical, practicable.

pradera, f., meadow.

praderita, f. (dim. of pradera), little meadow.

prado, m., meadow; el Prado, a broad, central avenue in Madrid.

precaución, f., precaution.

preceder (á), to precede.

precepto, m., precept.

precio, m., value, price; subido precio, high price.

precioso -a, beautiful, precious.

precipitadamente, hastily, precipitously.

precisar, to oblige.

preciso -a, necessary; lo preciso para, only what was necessary in order.

precursor, m., precursor, herald.

predestinar, to predestine.

predicador, m., preacher, (one) who preaches (subirse á predicar is used figuratively in the sense of subirse á la cabeza, "to go to one's head,"—as wine,—probably because the preacher goes to the head of the church, or because wine makes one talk).

predicar, to preach.

preferencia, f., preference.

preferir (ie), to prefer.

prefijar, to appoint, designate.

pregón, m., public proclamation.

pregonar, to proclaim, call out.

pregunta, f., question; hacer una pregunta, to ask a question.

preguntar (á), to ask (of).

premio, m., prize; premio gordo, first prize.

prenda, f., treasure, pledge; en prenda, as security.

prender, to arrest.

preocupar en, to preoccupy with; preocuparse de, to worry about.

preparar, to make ready, prepare.

presa, f., catch, prey; hacer presa en, to take hold of, seize.

presagio, m., omen, presage; mal presagio, evil omen.

presea, f., jewel.

presencia, f., presence.

presenciar, to witness.

presentar, to present, offer.

presente, m., present.

presentimiento, m., presentiment.

preservar, to save, preserve.

prestar, to lend; prestar oído, to listen attentively; pedir prestado, to borrow.

presumido -a (past part. of presumir), vain, presumptuous.

presunto -a, alleged.

pretender, to pretend, claim, attempt.

pretendiente (á), m., suitor (for).

pretensión, f., pretension.

pretextar, to give as a pretext, pretend.

pretil, m., balustrade.

prevención, f., police station.

prevenido -a (past part. of prevenir), prepared, cautious.

primavera, f., spring.

primaveral, of spring.

primer(o) -a, first.

primo -a, m. and f., cousin.

primogénito -a, first-born.

primor, m., skill, beauty; primores, plur., beautiful things, exquisite creations.

primoroso -a, exquisite, dexterous.

princesa, f., princess.

principal, important, principal; lo principal, the important thing.

príncipe, m., prince.

principiar, to begin.

principio, m., beginning; al principio, at first.

prisa, f., haste; á prisa, de prisa, fast; tener prisa, to be in a hurry.

prisión, f., prison.

privar, to deprive.

privilegio, m., privilege.

probable, probable.

probar (ue), to try, prove, taste; probar de, to try, sample.

procedente (de), coming (from), gotten (from).

proceder, to proceed, come.

procurar, to try, procure.

prodigioso -a, marvelous, prodigious.

producir, to yield, cause, produce.

produje, -iste, -o, etc., pret. ind. of producir.

profeta, m., prophet.

profundamente, deeply, profoundly.

profundidad, f., depth.

profundo -a, deep, profound.

prolongar, to protract, prolong.

prometer, to promise.

prometido -a, m. and f., betrothed.

pronóstico, m., prediction.

pronto, quickly, soon; al pronto, at first; de pronto, suddenly.

pronunciar, to utter, pronounce.

propiedad, f., property.

propio -a, m. and f., servant, one of his men (or women).

propio -a, own, self, very; amor propio, self-love, conceit.

proponer(se), to propose.

proporción, f., proportion; á proporción, in proportion.

proposición, f., proposition.

propósito, m., purpose, intention; á propósito, fit, suitable; de propósito, on purpose.

propuse, -iste, -o, etc., pret. ind. of proponer.

prorrumpir, to break forth.

proseguir (i), to continue.

prosperar, to prosper.

protector, -ora, m. and f., protector.

protestar, to protest.

providencia, f., providence.

provincia, f., province.

provisión, f., provision.

próximo -a, near, close, neighboring; próximo á, about to, on the point of.

proyectar, to plan.

prudente, prudent, cautious.

prueba, f., proof; en prueba, as a proof.

público -a, public.

pude, pudiste, pudo, etc., pret. ind. of poder.

pudrir(se), to rot.

Puebla: La Puebla, f. (prop. noun).

pueblecito, m. (dim. of pueblo), small town, village.

pueblo, m., people, small town (or large village).

puedo, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of poder; pueda, -as, -a, etc., pres. subj.

puente, m., bridge, draw-bridge.

pueril, childish.

puerta, f., door, gate; tomar la puerta, to pass through the gate.

puerto, m., port, refuge.

pues, for, since, then, well.

puesto, m., post, position, shop, stand, cab-stand.

puesto -a (past part. of poner), put, placed, on (as clothes), in place (as a key); puesto que, since.

pulcritud, f., neatness.

pulgada, f., inch.

pulir, to polish.

pulmón, m., lung.

pulular, to swarm.

punta, f., point, corner (of a handkerchief), small flock (of sheep); sobre la punta de los pies, on tiptoe.

puntiagudo -a, sharp, pointed.

puntilla, f. (dim. of punta), small point; de puntillas, on tiptoe.

punto, m., point; á punto de, on the point of, about to; al punto, immediately; en punto, exactly; en punto de, in point of, with regard to; hasta tal punto, to such an extent; coche de punto, cab; subir de punto, to increase greatly.

puntual, prompt, punctual.

puñado, m. (from puño, "fist"), handful.

puñetazo, m., blow (with the puño).

puño, m., fist, hilt.

pupila, f., pupil (of the eye), eye.

pupilo -a, m. and f., boarder; de pupilo, as a boarder.

pureza, f., purity, pureness.

purificar, to purify.

puro, m., cigar (=pure Havana).

puro -a, pure.

puse, pusiste, puso, etc., pret. ind. of poner.

Q

que, who, whom, which, that; el que, la que, etc., who, or he who, she who, etc., the one that, etc.; lo que, what, (adv.) how, as; por lo que, wherefore, therefore; lo que es á, as for.

¿qué? what, which; ¿para qué? ¿por qué? why?

¡qué! what, what a, how, how many.

que, that, for, than, how; á que (=apuesto á que), I bet that.

quebrar (ie), to break.

quedar(se), to remain, be; quedarse con, to keep.

quedo, softly, in a low voice.

queja, f., complaint, lamentation.

quejarse, to complain.

quejumbroso -a, complaining.

quemar, to burn; quemar á uno la sangre, to set one's blood on fire, exasperate.

querer, to wish, will, expect, try; querer á, to like, love; querer decir, to mean; yo quisiera, I should like to; quieras no quieras, willing or unwilling.

querré, querrás, etc., fut. ind. of querer.

queso, m., cheese.

quien, (plur.) quienes (interrog., quién, quiénes), who, whom, (the) one who, any one who.

quiero, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of querer.

quimera, f., chimera.

quimérico -a, chimerical, fantastic.

quince, fifteen; quince días, a fortnight, two weeks.

quinto -a, fifth.

quise, quisiste, quiso, etc., pret. ind. of querer.

quisiera: see querer.

quitar (á), to take away (from or off), deprive of; quitarse, to take off.

quitasol, m., sun-shade, parasol.

quizá, perhaps.

R

rabia, f., hydrophobia, rabies.

rabiar, to be mad; rabiar por, to long eagerly to, be in a rage to.

rabo, m., tail, handle.

rabón, -ona, bob-tailed.

racimo, m., cluster (of grapes), bunch.

radiar, to radiate, flash forth.

radical, radical.

Rafael, m., (prop. noun), Raphael.

raíz, f., root.

raja, f., slice.

rama, f., branch, limb.

rana, f., frog.

rancio -a, faded and musty.

rápidamente, quickly, rapidly.

raquero, m., wrecker.

raro -a, rare.

rasguear, to thrum.

rastrero -a, crawling.

rastro, m., track, trace.

ratero -a, m. and f., thief, pickpocket.

rato, m., while, time; á (or al) poco rato, in a little while; un buen rato, a good while, for some time.

ratoncillo, m. (dim. of ratón), little mouse.

raudal, m., stream, abundance; raudales, plur., volume.

raudamente, rapidly.

raudo -a, rapid.

raya, f., line, dash; sacar la raya, to part one's hair.

rayo, m., ray (of light), flash (of lightning); rayos de colores, rays of colored light; ¡rayo de Dios! thunder and lightning!

raza, f., race, breed.

razón, f., reason; tener razón, to be right; ponerse en razón, to be reasonable.

real, m., coin worth 25 céntimos (=about 5 cents. This is the real de vellón. The old silver real was worth 10 or 12-1/2 cents. In Mexico a real=12-1/2 cents).

real, royal, real.

realce, m., raised work, relief.

realidad, f., reality.

realizar, to accomplish, realize.

realmente, really.

reanudar, to resume; reanudar el sueño, to fall asleep again.

rebajar, to throw off, reduce the price.

rebaño, m., flock, herd.

rebonito -a (intensive form of bonito), very pretty.

rebosar, to overflow with, sparkle with.

rebuznar, to bray.

rebuzno, m., bray; rebuznos, plur., braying.

recado, m., message.

recapacitar, to reflect.

recatar, to conceal; recatarse de, to beware of.

recaudador, m., tax-collector.

recelo, m., misgiving, suspicion.

receloso -a, suspicious.

recibir, to receive.

recibo, m., receipt.

recién, newly, recently.

reciente, recent, fresh.

recientemente, recently.

recinto, m., enclosure, precincts.

recio -a, strong, heavy.

recitar, to recite, say.

recobrar, to regain, recover.

recodo, m., bend, turn.

recoger, to collect, gather, take up again, pick up, retire.

recogido -a (past part. of recoger), retired.

Recoletos (prop. noun: lit., Recollect or Recollet, a friar of the Strict Observance,—an order of Franciscans).

reconciliar, to reconcile; reconciliarse con, to become reconciled to; reconciliar el sueño, to succeed in falling asleep.

reconocer, to recognize, examine.

recontar (ue), to recount, retell.

recordar (ue), to recall, remember.

recorrer, to run through, travel through.

recrear, to amuse, brighten.

recuerdo, m., recollection.

recuperar, to recover.

rechazar, to repel, reject.

rechinar, to creak.

red, f., net.

redondel, m., round piece.

redondo -a, round, rounded.

reducir, to reduce, limit.

refacción, f., repast.

referencia, f., reference; por referencias, by hearsay, indirectly.

referir (ie), to relate, tell.

reflector, m., reflector.

reflejar, to reflect.

reflejo, m., reflection.

reflexionar, to consider, reflect.

refrenar, to check.

refrescar, to refresh.

refugiarse, to take refuge.

refunfuñar (de), to grumble (at), snarl (at).

regalar, to present.

regalo, m., present, gift; regalo de despedida, farewell gift.

regar (ie), to water, irrigate.

regidor, m., magistrate, alderman.

regimiento, m., regiment.

región, f., región.

regir (i), to rule, govern.

registro, m., record, register.

regla, f., rule; en regla, regular.

regocijarse (de), to rejoice (at).

regocijo, m., rejoicing, joy.

regodeo, m., joy, merriment; hacer regodeos, to make merry.

regresar, to return.

regular, fairly good, usual, regular; más de lo regular, more than usual.

reina, f., queen.

reinado, m., reign.

reino, m., kingdom.

reir, to laugh; reirse (de), to laugh (at).

reiterar, to repeat, reiterate.

relación, f., relation.

relamer, to lick again; relamerse, to lick one's lips.

relámpago, m., lightning.

relatar, to relate.

relato, m., account, story, relation.

religión, f., religion.

religiosa, f., nun.

religioso -a, religious.

reloj, m., clock, watch; reloj de bolsillo, watch.

relucir, to shine forth.

relleno -a (intensive form of lleno), stuffed.

remanso, m., dead water, pool.

remedar, to imitate.

remediar, to help, remedy.

remedio, m., help, remedy; no hay más remedio, it can not be helped.

remembranza, f., remembrance, memory.

remendar (ie), to mend, patch.

remo, m., oar.

remontar, to raise; remontarse, to rise (again); remontar el vuelo, to fly up.

remordimiento, m., remorse; remordimientos, plur., feelings of remorse.

remoto -a, remote.

remover (ue), to move, disturb.

rendija, f., crack.

rendirse (i), to yield, surrender.

renglón, m., line; á renglón seguido, straightway.

renovación, f., renewal.

renovar (ue), to renew.

renunciar (á), to forego, give up, renounce.

reojo: de reojo, askance, out of the corner of one's eye.

reparar (en), to observe, notice.

repente: de repente, suddenly.

repentinamente, quickly, suddenly.

repetido -a (past part. of repetir), repeated; repetidas veces, time and time again.

repetir (i), to repeat, relate.

repisa, f., ledge, bracket-shelf.

replicar, to reply.

reponer, to replace, recover, reply.

reposo, m., repose, rest.

representar, to represent, present.

reprimir, to suppress.

reproducir, to reproduce.

reptil, m., reptile.

república, f., republic.

repuesto -a, past part. of reponer.

repulsivo -a, repulsive.

repuse, -iste, -o, etc., pret. ind. of reponer.

requerir (ie), to require.

requiebro, m., compliment, loving words.

requiem: see misa.

resaltar, to hop about.

resbalar, to slip; resbalar por, to run down (as tears).

rescatar, to recover.

reservar, to reserve.

resguardar, to protect.

resignar, to resign.

resistir (á), to resist, refuse.

resolución, f., decision, resolution.

resolver (ue), to resolve; resolverse á, to decide upon, resolve to.

resonar (ue), to resound.

resoplido, m., snort.

respectivo -a, respective.

respetable, respected, considerable.

respetar, to respect.

respetuosamente, respectfully.

respirar, to breathe, breathe forth.

resplandecer, to shine, glow.

resplandor, m., light; resplandores, plur., light, radiance.

responder, to answer, respond.

respuesta, f., reply, response.

restablecer, to re-establish, recover; restablecerse, to recover, get well.

restante, remaining.

restar, to remain.

restregar, to rub.

resuelto -a (past part. of resolver), resolved, resolute.

resultar, to result, be found, become.

resumen: en resumen, in short.

resumido -a (past part. of resumir), abridged; en resumidas cuentas, after all.

retama, f.; retama macho, (Spanish) broom.

retardar, to delay, retard.

retener, to keep, retain.

retirada, f., retreat, withdrawal.

retirarse, to withdraw, retire.

retorcerse (ue), to twist, wind.

retratar, to picture, depict.

retrato, m., likeness, picture.

retribuir, to remunerate; retribuido con, with a salary of.

retroceder, to draw back, fall back, recede.

reunir, to assemble, gather, pile up (a fortune); reunirse, to gather; reunirse con (or á), to join.

revelar, to disclose, reveal.

revendedor, -ora, m. and f., dealer.

reventar (ie), to burst, exhaust.

revestir (i), to clothe, cover.

revolcadura, f., place where an animal has rolled (or wallowed).

revolcarse (ue), to wallow, roll about (or over).

revolotear, to fly about, flutter, hover.

revólver, m., revolver.

revolver (ue), to turn about.

revoque, m., (coat of) plaster.

rey, m., king.

rezar, to pray.

ría, rías, ría, etc., pres. subj. of reir.

riada, f., flood, freshet.

ribazo, m., cliff.

rico -a, rich.

ridículo -a, ridiculous.

riendo, pres. part. of reir.

riesgo, m., risk, danger; con riesgo de, to the risk of.

rijo, riges, -e, etc., pres. ind. of regir.

rima, f., rhyme (or rime).

rincón, m., corner.

rindo, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of rendir.

río, m., river; río abajo, down the river; río arriba, up the river.

río, ríes, ríe, etc., pres. ind. of reir.

rió, pret., 3^d pers. sing., of reir.

risa, f., laughter.

risueño -a, smiling.

Rita, f. (prop. noun: a colloquial form of Margarita, "Margaret"), Maggie.

rizar, to curl, ruffle.

ro: ¡á la ro, ro! rock-a-by!

robar (á), to steal (from), rob (of).

robo, m., robbery, theft.

robusto -a, strong, robust.

roca, f., rock.

roce, m., rustling.

rocío, m., dew.

rodar (ue), to roll, wander about; hacer rodar, to roll.

rodear, to surround, move about; rodear de, to surround by.

rodilla, f., knee; de rodillas, on one's knees.

rogar (ue), to ask, beg.

rojizo -a (from rojo), reddish.

rojo -a, red.

Roma, f. (prop. noun), Rome.

romance, m., ballad.

romanza, f., romance, song.

romper, to break, tear; romper á sollozar, to burst out sobbing.

roncar, to snore.

ronco -a, hoarse.

Ronda, f. (prop. noun).

ronquido, m., snoring.

ropa, f., clothing, clothes.

ropaje, m., drapery.

ropero, m., clothes-press.

ropón, m., gown.

rosa, f., rose.

rosal, m., rose-bush.

rosario, m., rosary (a rosary consists of 5 "decades," or groups of beads. Each "decade" contains 10 small beads and one large bead. For each small bead the prayer beginning Ave María ["Hail Mary"] is said, and for each large bead the Padre Nuestro [which contains danos hoy nuestro pan...]).

rostro, m., face, countenance.

roto -a (irreg. past part. of romper), broken, torn.

rozar, to scrape, tickle.

rubicundo -a, ruddy.

rubio -a, fair.

rudo -a, rough, rude.

rueda, f., wheel.

ruego, m., request, entreaty.

rugido, m., roar.

rugir, to roar.

ruido, m., noise; sin ruido, noiselessly.

ruin, vile.

ruiseñor, m., nightingale.

rumor, m., sound.

rústico -a, rustic, unpolished.

S

sábado, m., Saturday, Sabbath.

sábana, f., sheet.

saber, to know, know how to, understand, learn, find out; á saber, to-wit, namely.

sabiduría, f., wisdom.

sable, m., sabre.

sabor, m., taste, flavor.

saborear, to relish, enjoy.

sabré, sabrás, etc., fut. ind. of saber.

sacar, to take out, pull out, bring out, ask (to dance), get, get back, hatch (eggs); sáqueme, bring out for me, show me.

sacerdote, m., priest.

saco, m., sack; saco de noche, traveling bag.

sacre, m., falcon.

sacrificar, to sacrifice.

sacrificio, m., sacrifice.

sacudida, f., jerk.

sacudir, to shake, give (a blow with a whip).

sagrado -a, sacred.

sagrario, m., sacrarium or innermost sanctuary (where things of especial sacredness or great value are kept).

sal, f., salt.

sala, f., reception-room, hall (=large public room).

Salamanca, f. (prop. noun).

salario, m., salary.

salchichón, m., large (Bologna) sausage.

saldré, saldrás, etc., fut. ind. of salir.

salga, salgas, etc., pres. subj. of salir.

salgo, sales, etc., pres. ind. of salir.

salida, f., exit, way out.

salir, to come out (or forth), go out, get out, start, rise (of the sun, etc.); salir á la calle, to go out on the street; salir al paso, to come out to meet; salir de, to come (or go) out of, leave.

Salitre, m. (prop. noun: lit., saltpeter).

salón, m., (large) room, drawing-room, reception room; salón del Prado, a part of the Prado avenue (where there are many benches and chairs, and where one may watch the fountains play or listen to the music).

salpicar, to spatter, sprinkle; salpicar sus palabras con fuertes interjecciones, to intersperse strong interjections in one's words.

saltadero, m., coop.

saltar, to leap (over), jump, hop.

salto, m., jump, leap; de dos saltos, with two leaps.

salud, f., health.

saludar, to salute.

salutación, f., salutation.

salvación, f., salvation, cure.

salvador, m., savior.

Salvador, m. (a proper noun).

salvaje, savage.

salvajemente, savagely.

salvar, to save, pass over.

salvo -a, safe.

San: see santo.

sangre, f., blood; sangre fría, composure, coolness.

San Juan de Alfarache, m. (prop. noun), Saint John of Alfarache.

sano -a, sound, healthy; sano y salvo, safe and sound.

Santiago, m. (prop. noun: lit., Saint James), James.

santo -a, holy, blessed, saint.

santuario, m., sanctuary (that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed).

saque, -es, etc., pres. subj. of sacar.

saqueo, m., pillage, plunder.

sarmiento, m., runner, shoot.

sarraceno -a, Saracen, Mohammedan.

sarta, f., string (of beads, pearls, etc.).

sartén, f., frying-pan.

Satanás, m., Satan.

satisfacción, f., satisfaction.

satisfacer, to satisfy.

satisfecho -a (past part. of satisfacer), satisfied.

sauce, m., willow.

sazón, f., season; á la sazón, at that time.

se, himself, herself, itself, yourself; themselves, yourselves; to himself, to herself, etc.; each other, one another.

se = le or les, in se le, se la, se lo, se los, se las.

sé, imperat. of ser.

sé, sabes, etc., pres. ind. of saber.

sea, seas, etc., pres. subj. of ser.

secano -a, not irrigated, dry.

secar, to dry.

seco -a, dry.

secreto -a, secret.

secundar, to second, aid.

sed, f., thirst; tener sed, to be thirsty.

seda, f., silk.

sedería, f., silks.

sedoso -a, silken, glossy.

seducir, to seduce.

Segovia, f. (prop. noun).

seguida: en seguida, de seguida, immediately, next.

seguir (i), to follow, continue, go on, follow up, carry out; seguido de, followed by.

según, according to, as.

segundo, m., second.

segundo -a, second.

seguramente, certainly, surely.

seguridad, f., certainty, positiveness.

seguro -a, sure, secure, accurate; de seguro, surely, certainly.

seis, six.

selva, f., forest.

sello, m., seal, stamp, mark.

semana, f., week.

semblante, m., countenance, face.

semejante, like, such a; semejante á, like, similar to.

semilla, f., seed.

sencillez, f., simplicity.

sencillo -a, simple, plain.

seno, m., bosom, lap.

sensibilidad, f., feeling, sensitiveness.

sensible, sensitive, sensible.

sentado -a (past part. of sentar), seated, sitting.

sentar (ie), to set, seat, become, fit; sentarse, to sit, sit down, sit up.

sentencia, f., judgment, sentence.

sentido, m., sense; buen sentido, common sense.

sentir (ie), to feel, hear, regret.

seña, f., sign.

señal, f., sign.

señalar, to mark, point out.

señor, -ora, m. and f., lord, master, gentleman, sir, Mr.; lady, mistress, madam, Mrs.; los señores, the master and mistress, Mr. and Mrs.; el Señor, the Lord; Nuestra Señora, Our Lady (the Virgin Mary).

señorito -a, m, and f. (dim. of señor), young gentleman, Master; young lady, Miss.

seó, colloquial form of señor; seó guapo, my good fellow.

sepa, sepas, etc., pres. subj. of saber.

separar(se), to separate; separarse (de), to leave.

septiembre, m., September.

séptimo -a, seventh.

sepulcral, sepulchral.

sepulcro, m., grave, sepulchre.

sepultura, f., burial, grave; comprar sepultura, to buy a burial right (for a definite number of years, or in perpetuity).

seque, -es, -e, etc., pres. subj. of secar.

ser, m., being.

ser, to be; ¿qué será de mí? what will become of me?; soy de, I belong to; soy yo, yo soy, it is I; á no ser que, unless; ó sea, or rather.

Serafina, f. (prop. noun), Seraph.

sereno -a, serene, composed, clear.

serie, f., series.

serio -a, serious.

sermón, m., sermon.

serpiente, f., serpent.

servicio, m., (domestic) service.

servidor, -ora, m. and f., servant.

servir (i), to serve; servir de, to serve as; no sirve para nada, he is good for nothing.

sesenta, sixty.

Sevilla, f. (prop. noun), Seville (capital of the province of Seville, in Andalusia; on the Guadalquivir river, 75 miles below Cordova; population, about 150,000).

si, if, although, whether, indeed, why; sobre si, as to whether.

sí, himself, herself, itself, yourself; themselves, yourselves; each other, one another; de por sí, of its own accord.

sí, yes, indeed.

siempre, always, ever, still; como siempre, as usual; lo de siempre, the usual occurrence, the same thing; para siempre, for ever.

sien, f., temple.

siendo, pres. part. of ser.

siento, -as, -a, etc., pres. ind. of sentar.

siento, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of sentir.

sierra, f., saw, mountain range.

siete, seven.

sigilo, m., secrecy, stealth; con sigilo, stealthily, cautiously.

siglo, m., century, age.

significar, to mean, signify.

sigo, sigues, -e, etc., pres. ind. of seguir.

sigue, imperat., and pres. ind., 3^d pers. sing., of seguir.

siguiendo, pres. part. of seguir.

siguiente, following.

siguió, pret. ind., 3^d pers. sing., of seguir.

silbar, to whistle.

silbido, m., whistling, hissing, hooting.

silbo, m., hiss.

silencio, m., silence.

silencioso -a, quiet, silent.

silueta, f., form, outline, silhouette.

silla, f., chair, saddle.

sillería, f., hewn stones (placed one above the other).

simetría, f., symmetry.

Simón, m. (prop. noun), Simón.

simpatía, f., fellow-feeling, sympathy.

simpático -a, congenial, pleasing.

simple, simple.

sin, without; sin que, without, unless.

sinceridad, f., sincerity.

Sinforoso, m. (prop. noun).

singular, odd, peculiar, singular.

singularmente, unusually, singularly.

sino, but; no...sino, only.

sintió, pret. ind., 3^d pers. sing., of sentir.

siquiera, at least, even; ni siquiera, not even, nor even.

sirviente -a, m. and f., servant.

sirvo, -es, -e, etc., pres. ind. of servir.

sitio, m., place, room.

situación, f., situation.

situar, to situate.

soberano -a, sovereign.

soberbio -a, superb, splendid, arrogant.

sobrado -a (past part. of sobrar), too great.

sobre, upon, over, above, more than, concerning.

sobrehumano -a, superhuman.

sobrenatural, supernatural.

sobrenombre, m., nickname.

sobresalir, to excel.

sobrevenir (para), to fall (upon).

sobrino -a, m. and f., nephew, niece; sobrinos, m. plur., nephews and nieces.

socarrón, -ona, cunning, sly.

sociabilidad, f., sociableness.

socorro, m., help, relief, succor; casa de socorro, emergency hospital.

sofocante, suffocating, oppressive.

sofocar, to choke, suffocate; con sofocado acento, in a choked voice.

sol, m., sun; al sol, in the sun; con sol, sunny, bright.

solamente, only.

solazarse, to enjoy one's self, take solace.

soldada, f., wage.

soldado, m., soldier.

soledad, f., solitude, loneliness.

solemnemente, solemnly.

solemnizar, to solemnize, celebrate.

soler (ue), to be accustomed (or used) to; suele hacerlo, he usually does so.

solícito -a, diligent, solicitous.

solitario -a, alone, lonely, solitary.

solo -a, alone, single, deserted; á solas, alone, when alone.

sólo, only, merely.

soltar (ue), to let go (of), throw down, drop, utter; soltarse, to get away.

sollozar, to sob; romper á sollozar, to break out sobbing.

sollozo, m., sob, cry.

sombra, f., shade, shadow; á la sombra, in the shade.

sombrerera, f., hat box.

sombrerillo, m. (dim. of sombrero), little hat.

sombrero, m., hat; sombrero de paja, straw hat.

sombrío -a, gloomy, sombre, dark.

someterse, to submit.

son, m., sound; en son de, as a sign of.

sonar (ue), to sound, ring.

sonido, m., sound.

sonreir(se), to smile.

sonriendo, pres. part. of sonreir.

sonrió, pret. ind., 3^d pers. sing., of sonreir.

sonrisa, f., smile.

soñar (ue), to dream, dream of; soñar con (or en), to dream of.

soñoliento -a, sleepy.

sopa, f., soup; sopas de ajo, garlic soup (a soup flavored with garlic fried in olive oil).

soplo, m., breath, wave.

soportar, to endure, support.

sordo -a, deaf, low (voice).

sorna, f., slyness, malice; con sorna, slyly, maliciously.

sorprendente, surprising.

sorprender, to take by surprise, surprise.

sorpresa, f., surprise.

sorpresita, f. (dim. of sorpresa), little surprise, little gift.

sorteo, m., drawing.

sospechar, to suspect; sospechar si, to suspect that, wonder whether.

sostén, m., mainstay, support.

sostener, to support, maintain, keep.

soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son, pres. ind. of ser.

su, his, her, its, their, your.

suave, soft, gentle.

suavemente, softly, dimly.

suavizar, to soften.

subido -a (past part. of subir), raised, high; subido precio, high price.

subir, to rise, go up, get up, increase, bring up, carry up; subirse, to go up, get up; subirse á la cabeza, to go to one's head; subir(se) á un coche, to get into a carriage; subir de punto, to increase greatly.

sublevarse, to become excited, rebel.

sublime, sublime.

substancia, f., substance.

substancioso -a, substantial.

substantivo, m., substantive, noun.

suceder, to happen, result.

suceso, m., happening, occurrence, event.

sucio -a, dirty.

sucursal, f., branch (shop, store, etc.).

sudario, m., winding sheet.

sudor, m., sweat, perspiration.

suelo, m., ground, floor; por el suelo, on the ground.

suelto -a, loose, single; dormir á pierna suelta, to sleep soundly.

suelto, -as, -a, etc., pres. ind. of soltar.

sueño, m., sleep, sleepiness, dream; tener sueño, to be sleepy.

suerte, f., luck, lot, fate; de esta suerte, in this way; de tal suerte, to such an extent; de (tal) suerte que, so that.

suficiente, sufficient, enough.

sufrir, to suffer, endure.

sujetar, to hold fast, fasten.

sujeto -a, fastened, fixed.

sumamente, exceedingly.

sumergir, to sink, submerge.

sumir, to sink, plunge.

sumo -a, exceeding, very great.

suntuosamente, sumptuously.

suntuoso -a, luxurious, sumptious.

supe, supiste, supo, etc., pret. ind. of saber.

superficie, f., surface.

superior, upper, superior.

supersticioso -a, supersticious.

súplica, f., petition, supplication.

suplicante, supplicating, entreating.

suplicar, to beg, entreat, supplicate.

suponer, to suppose.

supradicho -a, aforesaid, above.

supremo -a, highest, supreme.

supuesto -a (past part. of suponer), supposed; por supuesto, of course; supuesto que, granting that, since.

sur, m., south.

surcar, to furrow, travel on; surcado -a, much-traveled.

suspender, to stop, suspend.

suspirar, to sigh.

suspiro, m., sigh.

sustento, m., food, sustenance.

susto, m., fright, scare; dar un susto, to scare, frighten.

susurrar, to whisper, rustle.

suyo -a, his; her, hers; its; their, theirs; your, yours; los suyos, his (or her, etc.) men.

T

taberna, f., tavern; poner taberna, to set up a tavern.

tabernáculo, m., tabernacle (sanctuary or chapel in which some holy or precious thing is kept).

tabernero -a, m. and f., tavern-keeper.

tabique, m., partition-wall (sometimes rising only part way to the ceiling).

taco, m., plug, piece.

tajada, f., slice (of meat, or other solid food); alguna tajada, some solid food.

Tajo, m. (prop. noun), Tagus (the largest river of the Spanish peninsula; it rises east of Madrid, and flows in a southwesterly direction through Spain and Portugal).

tal, such, such a, this; el tal, the said; un tal, a certain; con tal que, con tal de que, provided that; tal vez, perhaps.

talante, m., humor.

talonario: libro talonario, stub-book (book containing the stubs of checks, receipts, etc.).

tallar, to carve.

talle, m., waist.

tallo, m., stem.

tamaño, m., size.

también, also.

tampoco, neither, nor; no ... tampoco, not ... either; ni ... tampoco, nor ... either; tampoco yo, nor I either.

tan, so, as, such.

tanto -a, as much (many), so much (many); un tanto, somewhat; entre tanto, mientras tanto, in the meanwhile; en tanto que, while; por lo tanto, wherefore, therefore.

tañedor, -ora, m. and f., player.

tañido, m., sound (of bell or musical instrument).

tapa, f., cover; tapa de piano, piano top.

tapar, to cover, protect.

tapia, f., wall (the tapia is a wall of dried mud or clay, about a garden or yard).

tapicería, f., tapestry.

tapiz, m., tapestry, hangings.

tapizar de, to cover with (as with tapestry).

taquilla, f., ticket-office.

tararear, to hum.

tardar, to delay; no tardará en hacerlo, it will not be long before he does it.

tarde, f., afternoon, early evening; por la tarde, in the afternoon.

tarde, late.

tarea, f., task.

taza, f., cup.

te, you, thee; to you, to thee; yourself, thyself.

teatro, m., theater.

tecla, f., (piano) key.

teclado, m., keyboard.

techado, m., roof.

techo, m., ceiling, roof.

teja, f., tile.

tela, f., cloth.

telegrama, m., telegram.

temblar (ie), to tremble.

temblón, -ona, trembling, tremulous, shaking.

temblor, m., trembling.

tembloroso -a, tremulous, trembling.

temer, to fear.

temeroso -a, fearful.

temible, dreadful, terrible.

temor, m., fear.

temperatura, f., temperature.

tempestad, f., storm, tempest.

templo, m., temple, cathedral.

temporada, f., space of time; una temporada, for some time.

temprano, early; mañana temprano, tomorrow morning; temprano y con sol, bright and early.

ten, imperat. sing. of tener.

tenaz, persistent, tenacious.

tenazmente, persistently, tenaciously.

tender (ie), to stretch out, hold out, spread, direct.

tendré, -ás, -á, etc., fut. ind. of tener.

tenedor, m., fork.

tener, to have, hold, keep; tenerse, to hold, stop; tener por, to consider; tener razón, to be right; tener frío (calor), to be cold (warm); tengo que hacerlo, I have to do it, I must do it; ¿qué tienes? what is the matter with you?