Spain, Cuba, Porto Rico, etc.

By the terms of the New Patent Law of Spain, which has lately gone into operation, the citizens of the United States may obtain Spanish Patents on very favorable conditions.

The Spanish Patent covers SPAIN, and all the Spanish Colonies, including CUBA, Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands, etc. Total cost of obtaining the Patent, $100. Duration of the Patent, 20 years, 10 years, and 5 years, as follows:

The Spanish Patent, if applied for by the original inventor before his American patent is actually issued, will run for 20 years. Total cost of the patent, $100. It covers Spain, Cuba, etc. The Spanish Patent, if applied for by the original inventor not more than two years after the American patent has been issued, will run for 10 years. Total cost of patent, $100. Covers Spain, Cuba, etc.

A Spanish Patent of Introduction, good for 5 years, can be taken by any person, whether inventor or merely introducer. Cost of such patent, $100. Covers Spain, Cuba, and all the Spanish dominions.

In order to facilitate the transaction of our business in obtaining Spanish Patents, we have established a special agency at No. 4 Soldado, Madrid.

Further particulars, with Synopsis of Foreign Patents, Costs, etc., furnished gratis.

MUNN & CO., Solicitors of American and Foreign Patents, Proprietors of the Scientific American, 37 PARK ROW, NEW YORK.

WATER SUPPLY FOR TOWNS AND VILLAGES. —By Clarence Delafield, C.E. A concise and valuable report, showing the costs and merits of the various systems—Discussion of the Holly system, its merits and defects—The reservoir system, with pumps, cost, and advantages—Results obtained and economy of use of various systems in different towns, with names and duty realized—Facts and figures to enable town committees to judge for themselves as to the system best suited for their wants—The best sources of water supply—Water-bearing rocks—Artesian wells, their feasibility, excellence, and cost of boring—Importance of pure water—How surface water is rendered impure—Cost of water pipes, from 2 to 12 inches diameter, for towns, including laying, all labor, materials, gates, joints, etc. Estimates of income, water-rates for supply of 1,000 buildings. Contained in Supplement 27. Price 10 cents.

ICE BOATS—THEIR CONSTRUCTION and management. With working drawings, details, and directions in full. Four engravings, showing mode of construction. Views of the two fastest ice-sailing boats used on the Hudson river in winter. By H. A. Horsfall, M.E. Supplement 1. The same number also contains the rules and regulations for the formation of ice-boat clubs, the sailing and management of ice-boats, etc. Price 10 cents.

ICE AND ICE-HOUSES—HOW TO MAKE ice ponds; amount of ice required, etc., and full directions for building ice-house, with illustrated plan. Supplement 55. Price 10 cents.

CAVEATS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, ETC.

Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the Scientific American, continue to examine Improvements, and to act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.

In this line of business they have had over thirty years' experience, and now have unequaled facilities for the preparation of Patent Drawings, Specifications, and the Prosecution of Applications for Patents in the United States. Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs. Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Trade Mark Regulations, Copyrights for Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness, on very moderate terms.

We send free of charge, on application, a pamphlet containing further information about Patents and how to procure them; directions concerning Trade Marks, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of Patents, etc.

Foreign Patents.—We also send, free of charge, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world. American inventors should bear in mind that, as a general rule, any invention that is valuable to the patentee in this country is worth equally as much in England and some other foreign countries. Five patents—embracing Canadian, English, German, French, and Belgian—will secure to an inventor the exclusive monopoly to his discovery among about one hundred and fifty millions of the most intelligent people in the world. The facilities of business and steam communication are such that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home. The expense to apply for an English patent is $75; German, $100; French, $100; Belgian, $100; Canadian, $50.

Copies of Patents.—Persons desiring any patent issued from 1836 to November 26, 1867, can be supplied with official copies at reasonable cost, the price depending upon the extent of drawings and length of specifications.

Any patent issued since November 27, 1867, at which time the Patent Office commenced printing the drawings and specifications, may be had by remitting to this office $1.

A copy of the claims of any patent issued since 1836 will be furnished for $1.

When ordering copies, please to remit for the same as above, and state name of patentee, title of invention, and date of patent.

A pamphlet, containing full directions for obtaining United States patents sent free. A handsomely bound Reference Book, gilt edges, contains 140 pages and many engravings and tables important to every patentee and mechanic, and is a useful hand book of reference for everybody. Price 25 cents, mailed free.

Address

MUNN & CO., Publishers SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 37 Park Row, N. Y.

BRANCH OFFICE—Corner of F and 7th Streets, Washington, D. C.

Inside Page, each insertion - - - 75 cents a line. Back Page, each insertion - - - - $1.00 a line. (About eight words to a line.)

Engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line, by measurement, as the letter press. Advertisements must be received at publication office as early as Thursday morning to appear in next issue.

BAIRD'S CATALOGUES OF BOOKS Our new and enlarged Catalogue of Practical and Scientific Books, 96 pages, 8vo; a Catalogue of Books on Dyeing, Calico Printing, Weaving, Cotton and Woolen Manufacture, 4to; Catalogue of a choice collection of Practical, Scientific, and Economic Books, 4to; List of Books on Steam and the Steam Engine, Mechanics, Machinery, and Engineering, 4to; List of Important Books on Metallurgy, Metals, Strength of Materials, Chemical Analysis, Assaying, etc., 4to; two Catalogues of Books and Pamphlets on Social Science, Political Economy, Banks, Population, Pauperism, and kindred subjects sent free to any one who will forward his address. HENRY CAREY BAIRD & CO., Industrial Publishers, Booksellers, and Importers, 810 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. An engine that works without Boiler. Always ready to be started and to give at once full power. SAFETY, ECONOMY, CONVENIENCE. Burns common Gas and Air. No steam, no coal, no ashes, no fires, no danger, no extra insurance. Almost no attendance. THE NEW OTTO SILENT GAS ENGINE. Useful for all work of small stationary steam engine. Offered in sizes of 2, 4, and 7 H. P. Send for illustrated circular. SCHLEICHER, SCHUMM & CO., Phila., Pa. A GOOD PLAN The most profitable plan for operating in stocks is by uniting capital of various sums in combining or pooling orders of thousands of customers and using them as one mighty whole, which is done so successfully by Messrs. Lawrence & Co., Bankers, 57 Exchange Place, N. Y. City. By this cooperative system each investor is placed on an equal footing with the largest operator and profits divided pro rata among shareholders every 30 days. $10 invested makes $50 or 5 per cent. on the stock during the month—$50 returns $350 or 7 per cent., $100 pays $1,000, or 10 per cent., and so on according to the market. The firm's new circular (copyrighted and free) contains "Two unerring rules for success in stock operations," and explains everything. All kinds of Stocks and Bonds wanted. New Government Loan supplied. LAWRENCE & CO., Bankers and Brokers, 57 Exchange Place, N. Y. City. Portable Grain Mills. For Mill and Farm. Built on the durable and scientific principles. Warranted fully equal to any in the market. Mills for grinding all substances. We have made mill building a specialty for 13 years. WALKER BROS. & CO., Engineers, Founders & Machinists, 23d and Wood St., Phila., Pa. ON THE CARE OF HORSES. BY PROF. Pritchard, R.V.S. Showing the Proper Construction of Stables. Best Floor. Lighting and Ventilation. Hay-racks. Watering and Feeding. Grooming and Exercise. Cracked Heels; Lice; Colic; Mud Fever; Wind Galls. Also, in same number, facts about improved Cow Stables. How to keep Cows clean and maintain Pure Air in Stables. Increased Cleanliness and Convenience with Less Labor. Contained in Scientific American Supplement. No. 123. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. MINING MACHINERY. Engines, Boilers, Pumps, Coal and Ore Jigs, Dust Burning Appliances. Drawings and advice free to customers. Jeanesville Iron Works (J. C. Haydon & Co.). Address HOWELL GREEN, Supt., Jeanesville, Luzerne Co., Pa. Straub's Scientific Grain Mill, 12, 20, and 30 inch MILL STONES, For Farm and Merchant work. Warranted the full equal of any mill built in America. Before purchasing elsewhere send for our circular and price list. A. W. STRAUB & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. USE WILHIDE'S NOISELESS, SELF-Setting Rat and Mouse Traps. Caught 19 rats one hour; 46 one night. Ask your storekeeper for them. State right for sale. Circulars, etc., free. J. T. WILHIDE & BRO., York Road, Carroll Co., Md. AGENTS and SALESMEN wanted in every city and town to introduce a new Work, the "COMPLETE BUSINESS REGISTER" to dealers. Great inducements. Don't fail to write for particulars. W. H. Pamphilon, Pub., 30 Bond St., N. Y. L ADIES can make $5 a day in their own city or town. Address ELLIS M'F'G CO., Waltham, Mass. The "Bijou" Microscope. With mounted objects, 50c. A complete little instrument for examining minute objects. Has adjustable lens-cap, object slides and diaphragm, and magnifies 10,000 times. A marvel of perfection, cheapness, simplicity and compactness. Of pretty design and nicely finished in brass. Price, with an assortment of interesting mounted microscopic objects, 50c. Sent post paid on receipt of price to Gem Microscope Co., 156 Fulton St., N. Y. XMAS "WONDER BOX." Contains 12 Sheets Paper, 12 Envelopes, 3 Sheets Colored Paper, 1 Lead Pencil, 3 Pens, 1 Text, 12 Comic Cards, 40 Silhouettes, 36 Mottoes, 85 Patterns for Fancy Work, 112 Decalcomanie, 131 Embossed Pictures, 50 Fancy Ornaments, 1 Penholder, 2 Book Marks, 5 Black Tablets, 5 Picture Cards, 30 Scrap-Book Pictures, 1 Xmas Banner, 1 Game Age Cards, 2 Xmas Cards, 1 Toy Parasol. Price, 42 cts.; by mail. 53 cts. Retail value, $1.45. Postage stamps taken. J. JAY GOULD, 10 Broomfield st., Boston, Mass. Gold, Silver, and Nickel Plating. A trade easily learned. Costs little to start. The Electro Plater's Guide, a 72 page book, sent for 3 stamps. Scientific instruments and books loaned to any one. Price list free. F. LOWEY, 90 11th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Shaped or Crude, furnished and set for Boring Rocks, Dressing Mill Burrs, Emery Wheels, Grindstones, Hardened Steel, Calender Rollers, and for Sawing, Turning, or Working Stone and other hard substances; also Glaziers' Diamonds. J. DICKINSON, 64 Nassau St., N. Y. IMPORTANT FOR ALL CORPORATIONS AND MANF'G CONCERNS.—Buerk's Watchman's Time Detector, capable of accurately controlling the motion of a watchman or patrolman at the different stations of his beat. Send for circular. J. E. BUERK, P.O. BOX 979, Boston, Mass N. B.—The suit against Imhaeuser & Co., of New York, was decided in my favor, June 10, 1874. A fine was assessed against them Nov. 11, 1876, for selling contrary to the order of the court. Persons buying or using clocks infringing on my patent will be dealt with according to law. The George Place Machinery Agency Machinery of Every Description. 121 Chambers and 103 Reade Streets, New York. THE FORSTER-FIRMIN GOLD AND SILVER AMALGAMATING COMP'Y of Norristown, Pa., will grant state rights or licenses on easy terms. This system works up to assay, and recovers the mercury rapidly. Apply as above. THE DRIVEN WELL. Town and County privileges for making Driven Wells and selling Licenses under the established American Driven Well Patent, leased by the year to responsible parties, by WM. D. ANDREWS & BRO., NEW YORK. SPARE THE CROTON AND SAVE THE COST. Driven or Tube Wells furnished to large consumers of Croton and Ridgewood Water. WM. D. ANDREWS & BRO., 414 Water St., N. Y., who control the patent for Green's American Driven Well. STEAM AND HYDRAULIC Passenger and Freight Elevators, STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, WHITTIER MACHINE CO., Boston, Mass. Portable Steam Engines With Automatic Cut-off. No Commissions to Agents. Bottom Prices to Purchasers. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. Armington & Sims A. & S. were lately with THE J. C. HOADLEY COMP. STEAM PUMPS. HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, 239 Broadway, N. Y. 83 Water St., Boston. The Worthington Duplex Pumping Engines for Water Works—Compound, Condensing or Non-Condensing. Used in over 100 Water-Works Stations. Steam Pumps—Duplex and Single Cylinder. Water Meters. Oil Meters. Prices Largely Reduced. PATENTS at AUCTION. Regular Monthly Sales by George W. Keeler, Auctioneer. For terms, address NEW YORK PATENT EXCHANGE, 67 Liberty Street, New York. 50 Perfumed Chromo and Motto Cards, 10c. Name in Gold and Jet. Seavy Bros., Northford, Ct.

$12 WATCHES For Only $3 Each. A BANKRUPT STOCK OF WATCHES, Warranted for One Year. This bankrupt stock of Watches must be closed out in 90 days. The former price of these Watches was $12.00 each. They are silvered case and open face, all one style, and of French manufacture, the movements of which being well known the world over for their fine finish. They are used on railroads and steamboats, where accurate time is required, and give good satisfaction. Think of it, a $12.00 Watch for only $3.00, and warranted one year for time. Cincinnati. O., October 1st, 1878. The Walters Importing Co. is an old established and very reliable house, and we cheerfully recommend them. Cincinnati Post. After the closure of sale of this bankrupt stock of Watches, which will continue 90 days from date of this paper, no order will be filled at less than $12.00 each; so please send your order at once. With each Watch we furnish our special warrantee for one year for accurate time. We will forward the Watch promptly on receipt of $3.00, or will send C.O.D. if customers desire and remit $1.00 on account. Address all orders to Walters Importing Co., 180 Elm Street, Cincinnati, O. TO WATCH SPECULATORS: We call particular I attention to these Watches, as they sell readily at from $12.00 to $20.00 each. Cut this Advertisement Out.

$10 to $1000 Invested in Wall St. Stocks makes fortunes every month. Books sent free explaining everything. Address BAXTER & CO., Bankers, 17 Wall St., N. Y. Patent Portable Chuck Jaws. Improved Solid Emery Wheels, for grinding Iron and Brass Castings. Tools, etc. Manufactured by AM. TWIST DRILL CO., Woonsocket, R. I. Lathes, Planers, Shapers Drills, Bolt and Gear Cutters, Milling Machines. Special Machinery. E. GOULD & EBERHARDT, Newark, N. J. U. S. P IANO CO., 163 BLEECKER ST., N. Y., Manufacturers of strictly first-class Pianos. We sell direct to Families from our own Factory at lowest wholesale price. Beautiful new 7 1-3 Octave, Rosewood Pianos. Sent on trial. Thousands in use. Heavy Discount to cash buyers. DON'T buy until you read our Catalogue. It will interest you—Mailed free. Mowry Car & Wheel Works, manufacturers of CARS AND CAR WHEELS of all descriptions, Wheels and Axles, Chilled Tires, Engine, Car and Bridge Castings, of any pattern, furnished to order at short notice. Also Street Car Turn Tables. Wheels of all sizes constantly on hand. Office, 27 1-2 W. Third St., CINCINNATI, O. Works, Eastern Avenue and Lewis Street. C. W. LE COUNT, SOUTH NORWALK, CONN., Mfr. of Lathe Dogs, Iron and Steel Expanding Mandrels of all sizes. A specialty made of Amateurs' Mandrels and Dogs. B ARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. 13 Different machines with which Builders, Cabinet Makers, Wagon Makers, and Jobbers in miscellaneous work can compete as to Quality and Price with steam power manufacturing; also Amateurs' supplies. Machines sent on trial. Say where you read this, and send for catalogue and prices. W. F. & JOHN BARNES, Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill. AMERICAN NOVELTIES wanted for English trade. 1,000 Sewing Machines to be sold cheap. Apply BRITANNIA COMPANY, Colchester, England.

Retail 9 Cents Per Pound. Warranted of the hardest temper, and never to settle. ESTABLISHED 1843 Steel Horn, warranted not to break and Face of Best Cast Steel.

Better than any English make, and only one that is fully

!! WARRENTED !!

50 sizes, from 1-2 lb. to 800 lbs.

Catalogues furnished on application.

A VALUABLE WORK. THE STEAM ENGINE The Relative Proportions of the Steam Engine. A course of Lectures on the Steam Engine delivered to the students of Dynamical Engineering in the University of Pennsylvania. By Wm. D. Marks, Whitney Professor of Dynamical Engineering. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Flexible cloth. $1.50. "A valuable addition to the literature of the Steam Engine, and one which will be appreciated by engineers in practice as well as by students."—Pittsburgh American Manufacturer. "A valuable work, and one which will meet with a favorable reception. * * * There is much need and much room for a rational and practical method for proportioning the various parts of the steam engine, and in this respect your work is very welcome."—Augustus Jay Du Bois, Ph.D., Yale College. * * * For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. SHEPARD'S CELEBRATED $50 Screw Cutting Foot Lathe. Foot and Power Lathes, Drill Presses, Scrolls, Circular and Band Saws, Saw Attachments, Chucks, Mandrils, Twist Drills, Dogs, Calipers, etc. Send for catalogue of outfits for amateurs or artisans. H. L. SHEPARD & CO., 331, 333, 335, & 337 West Front Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

TEL EPHO 25 per cent. Discount. NES.

Special Offer. OUR NEW IMPROVED DOUBLE COILED METALIC TELEPHONE is the finest in the world, and the only completely satisfactory low priced instrument, with Spring Call Attachment, made by practical machinists on scientific principles; warranted to work one mile, unaffected by changes in the weather. We will send to one address one sample set, comprising two Telephones, two walnut holders, six copper bound insulators and 200 feet heavy wire, at 25 per cent. discount from regular rates, which is $3.00 for the $4.00 instruments. This offer will not hold good after Jan. 15, 1879, as our goods will then be sufficiently well known to sell through the trade, and we shall be obliged to strictly maintain the retail price. Any person of ordinary intelligence can put them up by following directions sent with each pair. We have sold during the last three months nearly 1000 of these instruments, and have hundreds of testimonials from all parts of the country. We guarantee all instruments sold. For any Telephone that fails to work, we will refund the money and pay all charges. Ask any Commercial Agency, and you will find we are good for all we agree to do.

Name this paper when you write.

Kent, Woodman & Co., 25 Congress St., Boston, Mass.

THE DEFIANCE METALLIC PLANES TRADE MARK "THE BATTLE AXE." ARE THE BEST WORLD. Send for a full descriptive circular and price list to the manufacturers, the BAILEY WRINGING MACHINE CO., 99 Chambers St., New York. BEST AND CHEAPEST FOOT POWER SCREW CUTTING GOODNOW & WIGHTMAN 176 WASHINGTON ST BOSTON MASS. The Only Grand Prize for Sewing Machines, at the Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1878, was awarded, over 80 competitors, to Wheeler & Wilson Mfg. Co. New York City, and Bridgeport, Conn. American Standard Gauge and Tool Works. 22d and WOOD STS., PHILADELPHIA. Standard Gauges and Measuring Implements, Hardened Steel Turning Mandrels, Adjustable Blade Reamers, Patent Tool Holders, Lathe Drivers, etc. JOHN RICHARDS & CO., WARRANTED THE BEST. 1 H. P. Boiler & Engine, $150. 2 H. P., $175. 3 H. P., $200. Tested to 200 lbs. Steam. LOVEGROVE & CO., 152 N. 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa., Builders of Engines and Boilers, 1 to 100 horse power. Send for circulars and prices, and state size and style you want. Wood-Working Machinery, Such as Woodworth Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Machines, Daniel's Planers. Richardson's Patent Improved Tenon Machines, Mortising, Moulding, and Re-Saw Machines, and Wood-Working Machinery generally. Manufactured by WITHERBY, RUGG & RICHARDSON, 26 Salisbury Street, Worcester, Mass. (Shop formerly occupied by R. BALL & CO.) LAP WELDED CHARCOAL IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam Pipe, Light and Heavy Forgings, Engines, Boilers, Cotton Presses, Rolling Mill and Blast Furnace Work. READING IRON WORKS, 261 South Fourth St., Phila. PERRY & CO.'S STEEL PENS. A sample box, for trial, containing our leading styles, including the famous "U" and "Falcon" Pens, mailed on receipt of 25 cts. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., Sole Agents for U. S., New York. EAGLE TUBE CO., 614 to 626 W. 24th St., New York. BOILER FLUES of all the Regular Sizes, Of Best Material and Warranted. ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED. No Payment Required till Tubes are Fully Tested and Satisfactory. Cigar Box Lumber, MANUFACTURED by our NEW PATENT PROCESS. The Best in the World. SPANISH CEDAR, MAHOGANY, POPLAR. Also thin lumber of all other kinds, ⅛ to ½ in., at corresponding prices. All qualities. Equal in all respects to any made, and at prices much under any to be obtained outside of our establishment. Send for price list. GEO W. READ & CO., 186 to 200 Lewis Street, N. Y. Partner Wanted To introduce my IMPROVED PROTRACTOR. Splendid chance for a person with small capital. Address or call on O. M. DAYTON, Utica, N. Y. Calvin Wells, Prest.Jas. K. Verner, Secy. Pittsburgh Forge & Iron Co., IRON and HAMMERED CAR AXLES. Also manufacture as a specialty Wrought Iron Bridge Bolts & Bolt Ends, With Plain and Upset Ends, To any required tensile strength, from one to three and one-half inches, with thread and nuts. Orders for which are respectfully solicited. Office, 10th Street, near Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. J. LLOYD HAIGH, Manufacturer of Of every description, for Railroad and Mining Use. Elevators, Derricks, Rope Tramways, Transmission of Power, etc. No. 81 John St., N. Y. Send for price list. Plans and Estimates furnished for Suspension Bridges. Mill Stones and Corn Mills We make Burr Millstones, Portable Mills, Smut Machines, Packers, Mill Picks, Water Wheels, Pulleys, and Gearing, specially adapted to Flour Mills. Send for Catalogue. J. T. NOYE & SON, Buffalo, N. Y. MACHINISTS' TOOLS. New and Improved Patterns. Send for new illustrated catalogue. Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c. NEW HAVEN MANUFACTURING CO., New Haven, Conn. HYDRAULIC CEMENT Of the very highest order and quality made any and everywhere from Refuse or Decomposed Limestone, Marble, Shells, Chalk and Clay, and River Deposit as per Letters Patent. Address JOHN DIMELOW, Laboratorian, Austin, Texas. PARIS EXHIBITION PRIZES. FULL Official List of the Awards in the American Department, enumerating Exhibits and Names and Addresses of Exhibitors, with kind of Prize awarded in each case. Supplements 149, 150. Price 10 cents each. T HE UNION IRON MILLS, Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of improved wrought iron Beams and Girders (patented). The great fall which has taken place in the prices of Iron, and especially in Beams used in the construction of FIRE PROOF BUILDINGS, induces us to call the special attention of Engineers, Architects, and Builders to the undoubted advantages of now erecting Fire Proof structures; and by reference to pages 52 & 54 of our Book of Sections—which will be sent on application to those contemplating the erection of fire proof buildings—THE COST CAN BE ACCURATELY CALCULATED, the cost of Insurance avoided, and the serious losses and interruption to business caused by fire; these and like considerations fully justify any additional first cost. It is believed, that, were owners fully aware of the small difference which now exists between the use of Wood and Iron, in many cases the latter would be adopted. We shall be pleased to furnish estimates for all the Beams complete, for any specific structure, so that the difference in cost may at once be ascertained. Address CARNEGIE, BROS. & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. $7 A DAY to Agents canvassing for the Fireside Visitor. Terms and Outfit Free. Address P. O. VICKERY, Augusta, Maine. B. W. Payne & Sons, Corning, N. Y. Established in 1840. Eureka Safety Power. h.p. cyl. ht. space wt. price. 2 3⅛ x 4 48 in. 40 x 25 900 $150 4 4 x 6 56 46 x 30 1600 250 6 5 x 7 72 72 x 42 2700 400 Also, SPARK ARRESTING PORTABLES, and Stationary Engines for Plantations. Send for Circulars. PERFECT NEWSPAPER FILE The Koch Patent File, for preserving newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, has been recently improved and price reduced. Subscribers to the Scientific American and Scientific American Supplement can be supplied for the low price of $1.50 by mail, or $1.25 at the office of this paper. Heavy board sides; inscription "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN," in gilt. Necessary for every one who wishes to preserve the paper. Address MUNN & CO., Publishers Scientific American.

HOWE SCALE CO., Rutland, Vt. Paris 1878 Were awarded the GOLD MEDAL The highest award for Scales; also several Special Medals of Gold, Silver, and Bronze. In addition to the above the

HOWE SCALE CO.

have been awarded the "First Premium" at Twelve different State Fairs held during the Fall of the present year.

Principal Agencies:

PRIEST, PAGE & CO., 325 Broadway, New York.PRIEST, PAGE & CO., 145 Franklin St., Boston.

A. M. GILBERT & CO., 97 to 101 Lake St., Chicago.J. FRED DENNIS, European Manager, Bremen, Germany.

The Columbia Bicycle, Made by THE POPE M'F'G CO., 89 Summer Street, Boston. A practical road machine, easy to learn to ride, and when mastered one can beat the best horse in a day's run over an ordinary road. Send 3c. stamp for catalogue. BIG PAY.—With Stencil Outfits. What costs 4 cts. sells rapidly for 50 cts. Catalogue free. S. M. SPENCER, 112 Wash'n St., Boston, Mass. 65 MIXED CARDS with name, 10c. and stamp. Agent's Outfit, 10c. L. C. COE & Co., Bristol, Ct. YALE VERTICAL MILL Iron Frame; French Burr; Self-oiling; Self-feeding; Long Bearings; Adjustable-balanced; best arranged, made and finished, cheapest, and for quality and quantity ground no superior in the world. Also the Yale Vertical and Horizontal Steam Engines and Boilers. Send for Circular. YALE IRON WORKS, New Haven, Conn. Working Models And Experimental Machinery, Metal or Wood, made to order by J. F. WERNER, 62 Centre St., N. Y.

BOILER COVERINGS.

Are the most Effective and Economical Non-conducting Coverings in the World. Ready for use and can be easily applied by any one. Be sure and get the Genuine, which are Manufactured only by

H. W. JOHNS MANUFACTURING CO., 87 Maiden Lane. New York,

Sole Manufacturers of Genuine Asbestos Roofing, Liquid Paints, Cements, etc. Send for Price Lists, etc.

Pyrometers, For showing heat of Ovens, Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues, Superheated Steam, Oil Stills, etc. HENRY W. BULKLEY, Sole Manufacturer, 149 Broadway, N. Y. CAMERON Steam Pumps For Mines, Blast Furnaces, Rolling Mills, Oil Refineries, Boiler Feeders, &c. For Illustrated Catalogue and Reduced Price List send to Works, Foot East 23d St., New York. Address JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS, Manufacturers, Trenton, N. J., or 117 Liberty Street, New York. Wheels and Rope for conveying power long distances. Send for circular. ICE AT $1.00 PER TON. The PICTET ARTIFICIAL ICE CO., LIMITED, Room 51, Coal and Iron Exchange, P.O. BOX 3083, N. Y. ROOTS' ROTARY HYDRAULIC ENGINE. FOR BLOWING ORGANS AND RUNNING LIGHT MACHINERY OPERATED BY HYDRANT PRESSURE, GIVES GREATEST USEFUL EFFECT OF WATER. IS A POSITIVE PRESSURE ENGINE. P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manuf'rs, CONNERSVILLE, IND. S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen'l Ag't, 6 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK. Woodward Steam Pumps and Fire Engines, G. M. WOODWARD, 76 and 78 Centre Street, New York. Send for catalogue and price list. 60 Chromo and Perfumed Cards [no 3 alike], Name in Gold and Jet, 10c. Clinton Bros., Clintonville, Ct. The only Machines giving a solid core showing exact nature of rocks passed through. Every Man His Own Printer! $3 PRESS Prints labels, cards etc. (Self-inker $5) 9 Larger sizes For business, pleasure, young or old. Catalogue of Presses, Type, Etc., for 2 stamps. KELSEY & Co. Meriden, Conn. M ICROSCOPES, Opera Glasses, Spectacles, at greatly reduced prices. Send three stamps for Illustrated Catalogue. R. & J. BECK, Philadelphia, Pa. F OR ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY—Apply to S. C. HILLS, 78 Chambers St., New York. DAMPER REGULATORS BEST AND WEIGHTED GAUGE COCKS. MURRILL & KEIZER, 44 HOLLIDAY ST., BALTIMORE.

GET THE BEST

PIPE AND BOILER COVERING

ASBESTOS-LINED HAIR FELT.

Lightest covering and best non-conductor. Asbestos lining prevents any charring of the hair felt. Easily applied and removed.

For prices, etc., address THE ASBESTOS PACKING CO., 25 State St., Boston, Mass.

THE TANITE CO., STROUDSBURG, PA. EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS. GEO. PLACE, 131 Chambers St., New York Agent. Established 1844. JOSEPH C. TODD, Engineer and Machinist. Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum and Bagging Machinery, Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. I also manufacture Baxter's New Portable Engine of 1877. Can be seen in operation at my store. A one horse-power portable engine, complete, $125; two horse-power, $225; two and a half horse-power, $250; three horse-power, $275. Manufactured exclusively by J. C. TODD, 10 Barclay St., New York, or Paterson, N. J. BAXTER $100 1 HORSE ENGINE OF 1877. For State Rights to manufacture above, apply to A. VAN WINKLE, Newark, N. J. TO ADVERTISERS! We fill orders for the insertion of advertisements in the newspapers of the United States and Dominion of Canada. To furnish advertisers with reliable information concerning newspapers and their rates, and thus enable the most inexperienced to select intelligently the mediums best adapted to any particular purpose, WE ISSUE SEMI-ANNUAL EDITIONS OF AYER & SON'S MANUAL FOR ADVERTISERS. 164 8vo. pp. Gives the names, circulation, and advertising rates of several thousand newspapers in the United States and Canada, and contains more information of value to an advertiser than can be found in any other publication. All lists carefully revised in each edition, and where practicable prices reduced. The special offers are numerous and unusually advantageous. It will pay you to examine it before spending any money in newspaper advertising. The last edition will be sent postpaid to any address on receipt of 25 cents by N. W. AYER & SON, Advertising Agents, Times Building, Philadelphia. Pond's Tools, Engine Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c. DAVID W. POND, Worcester, Mass. Can I Obtain a Patent? This is the first inquiry that naturally occurs to every author or discoverer of a new idea or improvement. The quickest and best way to obtain a satisfactory answer, without expense, is to write to us (Munn & Co.), describing the invention, with a small sketch. All we need is to get the idea. Do not use pale ink. Be brief. Send stamps for postage. We will immediately answer and inform you whether or not your improvement is probably patentable; and if so, give you the necessary instructions for further procedure. Our long experience enables us to decide quickly. For this advice we make no charge. All persons who desire to consult us in regard to obtaining patents are cordially invited to do so. We shall be happy to see them in person at our office, or to advise them by letter. In all cases, they may expect from us a careful consideration of their plans, an honest opinion, and a prompt reply. What Security Have I that my communication to Munn & Co. will be faithfully guarded and remain confidential? Answer.—You have none except our well-known integrity in this respect, based upon a most extensive practice of thirty years' standing. Our clients are numbered by hundreds of thousands. They are to be found in every town and city in the Union. Please to make inquiry about us. Such a thing as the betrayal of a client's interests, when committed to our professional care, never has occurred, and is not likely to occur. All business and communications intrusted to us are kept secret and confidential. Address MUNN & CO., Publishers of the Scientific American, 37 Park Row New York. T HE "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 59 Gold St., New York.

Transcriber's Note Some archaic (Early American) spellings have been retained. Damaged or missing punctuation has been repaired. Errata (Corrections are also indicated, in the text, by a dotted line underneath the correction. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear.) 'irridescent' corrected to 'iridescent'. "Glass, iridescent" (Contents) 'monoply' corrected to 'monopoly'. "The cry of monopoly in this case is altogether unfounded,..." (Article 4) 'analagous' corrected to 'analogous'. A very simple method of reducing nitrate of silver, analogous to that some years ago mentioned by the late Mr. Hadow (Article 42) 'possesing' corrected to 'possessing'. "... possessing in every way the original form of the wood." (Article 42) Return to Top