Roumania Past and Present
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Table of contents
1. Front matter2. JAMES SAMUELSON3. PREFACE.4. Introductory material5. ROUMANIA, TO-DAY.6. CHAPTER I.7. CHAPTER II.8. CHAPTER III.9. CHAPTER IV.10. CHAPTER V.11. CHAPTER VI.12. CHAPTER VII.13. CHAPTER VIII.14. The jurisprudence of the Constitution—Roumanian courts—The Code Napoléon—Complaints of patronage—The penal system—Capital punishment abolished—History and effect of the abolition—Statistics—The prison system—Abuses—Enumeration of prisons—Employment of convicts—Ornamental art amongst them—Objects made by them—Absence of educational measures—Criminal statistics (and note)—Visit to the 'intermediate' prison of Vakareschti—An old monastery—Description of the prison—Scene in the court-yard—Untried prisoners in fetters—Promiscuous intercourse of prisoners—Mischievous effects—Views of a 'juge d'instruction' concerning the system—Various classes of prisoners—Lenient treatment of them—Partial employment—Safeguards against mutiny—Visit to the penal salt mine of Doftana (or Telega)—Former treatment of prisoners—A lingering death—Present treatment—Conditions of penal servitude—Compared with work of our colliers—Abuses—Descent into the mine—Its condition—Unearthly sounds and sights—Enormous salt cave—Floor of the cave—Convicts at work in chains—Mode of excavating and raising salt—Lighting the mine for visitors—Return to the surface—Visit to the penitentiary—Its discreditable condition—Alleged frauds upon convicts—General mild treatment of criminals in Roumania—Utilisation of convict labour—Comparison of cost and results of systems in Roumania and England—Favourable to Roumania.15. HISTORICAL.16. CHAPTER IX.17. CHAPTER X.18. CHAPTER XI.19. CHAPTER XII.20. CHAPTER XIII.21. CHAPTER XIV.22. CHAPTER XV.23. APPENDIX I.24. APPENDIX II.25. APPENDIX III.26. APPENDIX IV.27. APPENDIX V.28. INDEX.29. GENERAL LISTS OF WORKS30. HISTORY, POLITICS, HISTORICAL MEMOIRS, &c.31. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS.32. MENTAL and POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.33. MISCELLANEOUS & CRITICAL WORKS.34. DICTIONARIES and OTHER BOOKS of REFERENCE.35. ASTRONOMY and METEOROLOGY.36. NATURAL HISTORY and PHYSICAL SCIENCE.37. CHEMISTRY and PHYSIOLOGY.38. The FINE ARTS and ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS.39. The USEFUL ARTS, MANUFACTURES, &c.40. RELIGIOUS and MORAL WORKS.41. TRAVELS, VOYAGES, &c.42. WORKS of FICTION.43. POETRY and THE DRAMA.44. RURAL SPORTS, HORSE and CATTLE MANAGEMENT, &c.45. WORKS of UTILITY and GENERAL INFORMATION.46. INDEX.