APPENDICES

APPENDIX I.

The Rulers and Ministers of the Great Powers of Europe, 1789–1815.

(Capitals indicate Rulers; small capitals, Chief Ministers; and italics, Foreign Ministers.

Holy Roman Empire; after 1805, Austria. Great Britain. France. Prussia. Russia. Spain.

1789. JOSEPH II. (Emperor since 1765; ruler of Austria since 1780). Kaunitz (since 1756). Philip Cobenzl (since 1780). GEORGE III. (since 1760). William Pitt (since Dec. 1783). Duke of Leeds (since Dec. 1783). LOUIS XVI. (since 1774). Comte de Montmorin (since 1787). FREDERICK WILLIAM II. (since 1786). Hertzberg (since 1756). CATHERINE II. (since 1762). Ostermann (since 1775). CHARLES IV. (since Dec. 1788). Florida Blanca (since 1773). 1789.

1790. LEOPOLD II. (Feb.). 1790.

1791. Lord Grenville (June). A. de Valdec de Lessart (Nov.). Schulemburg (May). 1791.

1792. FRANCIS II. (March). REPUBLIC (Sept.) Dumouriez (March). Chambonas (June). Bigot de Ste. Croix (Aug.) Lebrun Tondu (Aug.) Haugwitz (Oct.) Aranda (July). Godoy (Nov.). 1792.

1793. Deforgues (June). 1793.

1794. Colloredo Thugut (June). (Ministry abolished—April ’94-Oct. ’95). 1794.

1795. DIRECTORY (Oct.) Delacroix (Nov.) 1795.

1796. PAUL I. (Nov.) Ostermann. Panine. 1796.

1797. Louis Cobenzl (April). Talleyrand (July). FREDERICK WILLIAM III. (Nov.) 1797.

1798. Saavedra (March). Urquijo (August). 1798.

1799. Thugut (Jan.) Lehrbach (Oct.) CONSULATE (Nov.) Reinhardt (July). Talleyrand (Nov.) 1799.

1800. Godoy (Dec.) 1800.

1801. Louis Cobenzl Henry Addington (March). Lord Hawkesbury (March). ALEXANDER I. (Mar.) Panine. Kotchoubey. 1801.

1802. Voronzov. 1802.

1803. 1803.

1804. William Pitt (May). Lord Harrowby 〃 Hardenberg (Aug.) Adam Czartoryski (May). 1804.

1805. Lord Mulgrave (Jan.) NAPOLEON, Emperor. 1805.

1806. Philip Stadion Lord Grenville (Feb.) Charles James Fox (Feb.) Viscount Howick (Sept.) Haugwitz (Feb.) Hardenberg (Nov.) Baron Budberg (Aug.) 1806.

1807. Duke of Portland (March). George Canning (March). Champagny (Aug.) Stein (July). Goltz (July). Roumianzov (Sept.) 1807.

1808. JOSEPH BONAPARTE. Azanza. 1808.

1809. Metternich Spencer Perceval (Dec.) Lord Bathurst (Oct.) Lord Wellesley (Dec.) 1809.

1810. Hardenberg (July). Roumianzov. Nesselrode. 1810.

1811. Maret (April). 1811.

1812. Lord Castlereagh (March). Earl of Liverpool (June). 1812.

1813. Caulaincourt (Nov.) 1813.

1814. LOUIS XVIII. Talleyrand (April). FERDINAND VII. 1814.

APPENDIX II.

The Rulers of the Second-rate Powers of Europe, 1789–1815.

Sweden. Denmark. Turkey. Portugal. Sardinia. The Two Sicilies. Bavaria. Würtemburg.

1789 Gustavus III. (Since 1771.) Christian vii. (Since 1766.) Abdul Hamid. (Since 1774.) Selim iii. (April.) Maria i. (Since 1777.) Victor Amadeus iii. (Since 1773.) Ferdinand iv. (Since 1759.) Charles Theodore. (Since 1777.) Charles Eugène. (Since 1735.) 1789

1790 1790

1791 Gustavus iv. (March.) 1791

1792 1792

1793 1793

1794 1794

1795 Frederick Eugène. (Oct.) 1795

1796 Charles Emmanuel iv. (Oct.) 1796

1797 Frederick i. (Dec.) 1797

1798 1798

1799 Prince John, Regent. Maximilian Joseph. 1799

1800 1800

1801 1801

1802 Victor Emmanuel i. (June.) 1802

1803 1803

1804 Naples. 1804

1805 1805

1806 Joseph Bonaparte. (March.) 1806

1807 Mustapha iv. (May.) 1807

1808 Frederick vi. (March.) Mahmoud ii. (July.) Joachim Murat. (August.) 1808

1809 Charles xiii. (May.) 1809

1810 Bernadotte, Prince Royal (Aug.) 1810

1811 1811

1812 1812

1813 1813

1814 Ferdinand iv. 1814

1815 1815

APPENDIX III.

The Family of Napoleon.

[See larger version]

APPENDIX IV.

Napoleon’s Marshals.

Names. Born. General of Brigade. General of Division. Marshal. Titles. Notes.

Berthier Louis Alexandre. 20 Nov. 1753 22 May 1792 (Maréchal de Camp) 13 June 1795 19 May 1804 Prince-Duke of Neufchâtel 15 March 1806; Prince of Wagram 31 Dec. 1809. Peer of France 1814; committed suicide or was murdered at Bamberg 1 June 1815.

Murat, Joachim. 25 March 1767 10 May 1796 25 July 1799 〃 Prince 1 Feb. 1805; Grand Duke of Berg 15 March 1806; King of Naples 1 Aug. 1808. Shot at Pizzo in Italy 13 Oct. 1815.

Moncey, Bon Adrien Jeannot. 31 July 1754 18 Feb. 1794 9 June 1794 〃 Duke of Conegliano 2 July 1808. Governor of the Hôtel des Invalides 1833–42; died at Paris 20 April 1842.

Jourdan, Jean Baptiste. 29 April 1762 27 May 1793 30 July 1793 〃 Count 1 March 1808. Peer of France 1814 and 1819; Governor of the Hôtel des Invalides 1830–33; died at Paris 23 Nov. 1833.

Masséna, André. 6 May 1756 22 Aug. 1793 20 Dec. 1793 〃 Duke of Rivoli 24 April 1808; of Essling 31 Jan. 1810. Died at Paris 4 April 1817.

Augereau, Charles Pierre François. 21 Oct. 1757 .. 25 Dec. 1793 〃 Duke of Castiglione 26 April 1808. Peer of France 1814; died at La Houssaye 12 June 1816.

Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules. 26 Jan. 1763 26 June 1794 22 Oct. 1794 〃 Prince of Ponte Corvo 5 June 1806; Crown Prince of Sweden 21 Aug. 1810. King of Sweden 5 Feb. 1818; died at Stockholm 8 March 1844.

Soult, Jean de Dieu Nicolas. 29 March 1769 11 Oct. 1794 21 April 1799 〃 Duke of Dalmatia 29 June 1808. Minister for War Dec. 1814-March 1815; Peer of France June 1815; exiled 1815–19; Peer of France 1827; Minister for War 1830–34, 1840–45; Marshal-General 1847; died at Saint Amans 26 Nov. 1851.

Brune, Guillaume Marie Anne. 13 May 1763 .. 17 Aug. 1797 〃 Count 1 March 1808. Peer of France 2 June 1815; murdered at Avignon 2 Aug. 1815.

Lannes, Jean. 11 April 1769 17 March 1797 10 May 1799 〃 Duke of Montebello 15 June 1808. Mortally wounded at the battle of Aspern; died at Vienna 31 May 1809.

Mortier, Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph. 13 Feb. 1768 23 Feb. 1799 25 Sept. 1799 〃 Duke of Treviso 2 July 1808. Peer of France 1814 and 1819; Ambassador to Russia 1830–31; Chancellor of the Legion of Honour 1831; Minister for War 1834–35; killed by the explosion of an infernal machine at Paris 28 July 1835.

10 Ney, Michel.Jan. 1769 1 Aug. 1796 28 March 1799 〃 Duke of Elchingen, 5 May 1808; Prince of the Moskowa 25 March 1813. Peer of France 1814; shot at Paris 7 Dec. 1815.

Davout, Louis Nicolas. 10 May 1770 24 Sept. 1794 3 July 1800 〃 Duke of Auerstädt 2 July 1808; Prince of Eckmühl 28 Nov. 1809. Minister for War 1815; Peer of France at Paris 1 June 1823.

Bessières, Jean Baptiste. 6 Aug. 1768 18 July 1800 13 Sept. 1802 〃 Duke of Istria 28 May 1809. Killed at Lutzen 1 May 1813.

Kellermann, François Christophe. 28 May 1735 9 March 1788 (Maréchal de Camp) 19 March 1792 (Lieut.-General) 〃 Count 1 March 1808; Duke of Valmy 2 May 1808. Peer of France 1814; died at Paris 13 Sept. 1820.

Lefebvre, François Joseph. 15 Oct. 1755 2 Dec. 1793 10 Jan. 1794 〃 Count 1 March 1808; Duke of Dantzic 10 Sept. 1808. Peer of France 1814 and 1819; died at Paris 14 Sept. 1820.

Pérignon, Dominique Catherine de. 31 May 1754 .. 25 Dec. 1793 〃 Count 6 Sept. 1811. Peer of France 1814; created a Marquis 1817; died at Paris 25 Dec. 1818.

Sérurier, Jean Mathieu Philibert. 8 Dec. 1742 22 Aug. 1793 13 June 1795 〃 Count 1 March 1808. Governor of the Hôtel des Invalides, 1804–15; Peer of France 1814; died at Paris 21 Dec. 1819.

Victor, Victor Claude Perrin, called. 7 Dec. 1764 20 Dec. 1793 10 March 1797 13 July 1807 Duke of Belluno 10 Sept. 1808. Peer of France 1815; Minister of War 1821–23; died at Paris 1 March 1841.

Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre. 17 Nov. 1765 26 Aug. 1793 28 Nov. 1794 12 July 1809 Duke of Taranto 9 Dec. 1809. Peer of France 1814; Chancellor of the Legion of Honour 1815–31; died at Courcelles 7 Sept. 1840.

Oudinot, Nicolas Charles. 25 April 1767 14 June 1794 12 April 1799 〃 Count 2 July 1808; Duke of Reggio 14 April 1810. Peer of France 1814; Chancellor of the Legion of Honour 1839–47; Governor of the Hôtel des Invalides 1842–47; died at Paris 13 Sept 1847.

Marmont, Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de. 20 July 1774 10 June 1798 9 Sept. 1800 〃 Duke of Ragusa 28 June 1808. Peer of France 1814; Ambassador to Russia 1826–28; died at Venice 22 July 1852.

Suchet, Louis Gabriel. 2 March 1770 23 March 1798 10 July 1799 8 July 1811 Count 24 June 1808; Duke of Albufera 3 Jan. 1813. Peer of France 1814 and 1819; died near Marseilles 3 Jan. 1826.

Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Laurent. 13 April 1764 10 June 1794 2 Sept. 1794 27 Aug. 1812 Count 3 May 1808. Peer of France 1814; Minister for War July-Sept. 1815, 1817–19; created a Marquis 1819; died at Hyères 17 March 1830.

Poniatowski, Joseph, Prince. 7 May 1762 .. .. Oct. 1813 .... Drowned in the Elster at the battle of Leipzig 19 Oct. 1813

Grouchy, Emmanuel de. 23 Oct. 1766 7 Sept. 1792 13 June 1795 17 Apr. 1815 Count 28 Jan. 1809. Exiled 1815–20; restored as Marshal 1831; died 29 May 1847.

APPENDIX V.

Napoleon’s Ministers during the Consulate and Empire 1799–1814.

Foreign Affairs. Interior. Finances. War. Marine. Justice. Police. Public Worship.

1799. 9 Nov. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. (Prince of Benevento 5 June 1806.) 12 Nov. Pierre Simon Laplace. (Count 24 April 1808.) 10 Nov. Martin Michel Charles Gaudin. (Count 26 April 1808; Duke of Gaeta 15 Aug. 1809.) 10 Nov. Louis Alexandre Berthier. 24 Nov. Pierre Alexandre Laurent Forfait. 19 July. Jean Jacques Régis Cambacéres. (Duke of Parma 24 April 1808.) 20 July. Joseph Fouché. 1799.

〃 〃 25 Dec. Lucien Bonaparte. 〃 〃 25 Dec. André Joseph Abrial. (Count 26 April 1808.) 〃

1800. 〃 〃 〃 12 April. Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. 〃 1800.

〃 〃 6 Nov. Jean Antoine Chaptal. (Count 26 April 1808; Count of Chanteloup 25 March 1810.) 〃 8 Oct. Louis Alexandre Berthier. (Prince of Neufchâtel 13 March 1806; Prince of Wagram 31 Dec. 1809.) 〃 〃

1801. 〃 〃 〃 〃 1 Oct. Denis Decrès (Count June 1808; Duke 28 April 1813.) 1801.

1802. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 15 Sept. Claude Ambroise Regnier. (Count 24 April 1808; Duke of Massa 15 Aug. 1809.) 15 Sept. (Ministry abolished.) 1802.

1803. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1803.

1804. 〃 1 Aug. Jean Baptiste Nompère de Champagny. 〃 〃 〃 〃 10 July. Joseph Fouché. (Count 24 April 1808; Duke of Otranto 15 Aug. 1809.) July. Jean Étienne Marie Portalis. 1804.

1805. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1805.

1806. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1806.

1807. 8 Aug. Jean Baptiste Nompère de Champagny. (Count 24 April 1808; Duke of Cadore 15 Aug. 1809.) 9 Aug. Emmanuel Cretet. (Count of Champmol 26 April 1808.) 〃 9 Aug. Henrí Jacques Guillaume Clarke. (Count of Hunebourg 24 April 1808; Duke of Feltre 15 Aug. 1809.) 〃 〃 〃 Aug. Félix Julíen Jean Bigot de Préameneu. (Count 24 April 1808.) 1807.

1808. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1808.

1809. 〃 1 Oct. Jean Pierre Bachasson de Montalivet. (Comte 27 Nov. 1808.) 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1809.

1810. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 June 8. Anne Jean Marie René Savary. (Duke of Rovigo 1808.) 〃 1810.

1811. 17 April. Hugues Bernard Maret. (Count 3 May 1809; Duke of Bassano 15 Aug. 1809.) 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1811.

1812. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1812.

1813. 20 Nov. Armand Augustin Louis Caulaincourt. (Duke of Vicenza 7 June 1808.) 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1813.

1814. 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃 1814.

APPENDIX VI.

Concordance of the Republican and Gregorian Calendars.

(Extracted from Stephens’ History of the French Revolution, vol. ii. (Longmans and Co.))

Year II. 1793–1794. Year III. 1794–1795. Year IV. 1795–1796. Year V. 1796–1797. Year VI. 1797–1798. Year VII. 1798–1799. Year VIII. 1799–1800.

1 Vendémiaire, 22 September 1793. 22 September 1794. 23 September 1795. 22 September 1796. 22 September 1797. 22 September 1798. 23 September 1799.

11 〃 2 October. 2 October. 3 October. 2 October. 2 October. 2 October. 3 October.

21 〃 12 October. 12 October. 13 October. 12 October. 12 October. 12 October. 13 October.

1 Brumaire, 22 October. 22 October. 23 October. 22 October. 22 October. 22 October. 23 October.

11 〃 1 November. 1 November. 2 November. 1 November. 1 November. 1 November. 2 November.

21 〃 11 November. 11 November. 12 November. 11 November. 11 November. 11 November. 12 November.

1 Frimaire, 21 November. 21 November. 22 November. 21 November. 21 November. 21 November. 22 November.

11 〃 1 December. 1 December. 2 December. 1 December. 1 December. 1 December. 2 December.

21 〃 11 December. 11 December. 12 December. 11 December. 11 December. 11 December. 12 December.

1 Nivôse, 21 December. 21 December. 22 December. 21 December. 21 December. 21 December. 22 December.

11 〃 31 December. 31 December. 1 January 1796. 31 December. 31 December. 31 December. 1 January 1800.

21 〃 10 January 1794. 10 January 1795. 11 January. 10 January 1797. 10 January 1798. 10 January 1799. 11 January.

1 Pluviôse, 20 January. 20 January. 21 January. 20 January. 20 January. 20 January. 21 January.

11 〃 30 January. 30 January. 31 January. 30 January. 30 January. 30 January. 31 January.

21 〃 9 February. 9 February. 10 February. 9 February. 9 February. 9 February. 10 February.

1 Ventôse, 19 February. 19 February. 20 February. 19 February. 19 February. 19 February. 20 February.

11 〃 1 March. 1 March. 1 March. 1 March. 1 March. 1 March. 1 March.

21 〃 11 March. 11 March. 11 March. 11 March. 11 March. 11 March. 11 March.

1 Germinal, 21 March. 21 March. 21 March. 21 March. 21 March. 21 March. 21 March.

11 〃 31 March. 31 March. 31 March. 31 March. 31 March. 31 March. 31 March.

21 〃 10 April. 10 April. 10 April. 10 April. 10 April. 10 April. 10 April.

1 Floréal, 20 April. 20 April. 20 April. 20 April. 20 April. 20 April. 20 April.

11 〃 30 April. 30 April. 30 April. 30 April. 30 April. 30 April. 30 April.

21 〃 10 May. 10 May. 10 May. 10 May. 10 May. 10 May. 10 May.

1 Prairial, 20 May. 20 May. 20 May. 20 May. 20 May. 20 May. 20 May.

11 〃 30 May. 30 May. 30 May. 30 May. 30 May. 30 May. 30 May.

21 〃 9 June. 9 June. 9 June. 9 June. 9 June. 9 June. 9 June.

1 Messidor, 19 June. 19 June. 19 June. 19 June. 19 June. 19 June. 19 June.

11 〃 29 June. 29 June. 29 June. 29 June. 29 June. 29 June. 29 June.

21 〃 9 July. 9 July. 9 July. 9 July. 9 July. 9 July. 9 July.

1 Thermidor, 19 July. 19 July. 19 July. 19 July. 19 July. 19 July. 19 July.

11 〃 29 July. 29 July. 29 July. 29 July. 29 July. 29 July. 29 July.

21 〃 8 August. 8 August. 8 August. 8 August. 8 August. 8 August. 8 August.

1 Fructidor, 18 August. 18 August. 18 August. 18 August. 18 August. 18 August. 18 August.

11 〃 28 August. 28 August. 28 August. 28 August. 28 August. 28 August. 28 August.

21 〃 7 September. 7 September. 7 September. 7 September. 7 September. 7 September. 7 September.

1st Complementary Day, or ‘Sans-Culottide,’ 17 September. 17 September. 17 September. 17 September. 17 September. 17 September. 17 September.

5th Complementary Day, or ‘Sans-Culottide,’ 21 September. 21 September. 21 September. 21 September. 21 September. 21 September. 21 September.

6th Complementary Day, or ‘Sans-Culottide.’ .. 22 September. .. .. .. 22 September. ..

Note.Each month in the Republican Calendar consisted of thirty days.