BOOK II. (Chapters XIV. to XXXII.)
Reading edition
observed changes in the inorganic world now in progress: first, the effects of aqueous causes, such as rivers, springs, glaciers, waves, tides, and currents; secondly, of igneous causes, or subterranean heat, as exhibited in the volcano and the earthquake.
CHAPTER XIV.
Aqueous causes—Excavating and transporting power of rivers 198
CHAPTER XV
Carrying power of river-ice—Glaciers and Icebergs 219
CHAPTER XVI.
Phenomena of springs 232
CHAPTER XVII
Reproductive effects of rivers—Deltas of lakes and inland seas 251
CHAPTER XVIII.
Deltas of the Mississippi, Ganges, and other rivers exposed to tidal action 263
CHAPTERS XIX. XX. XXI.
Denuding, transporting, and depositing agency of the waves, tides, and currents—Waste of sea-cliffs on the coast of England—Delta of the Rhine—Deposition of sediment under the influence of marine currents 290, 321, 337
CHAPTER XXII.
Observed effects of igneous causes—Regions of active volcanoes 344
CHAPTERS XXIII. XXIV.
History of the volcanic eruptions of the district round Naples—Structure of Vesuvius—Herculaneum and Pompeii 360, 375
CHAPTER XXV.
Etna—Its eruptions—Structure and antiquity of the cone 396
CHAPTER XXVI.
Volcanoes of Iceland, Mexico, the Canaries, and Grecian Archipelago—Mud volcanoes 424
CHAPTER XXVII.
Earthquakes and the permanent changes attending them 451
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Earthquake of 1783 in Calabria 471
CHAPTER XXIX.
Elevation and subsidence of dry land, and of the bed of the sea during earthquakes—Evidence of the same afforded by the Temple of Serapis near Naples 493
CHAPTER XXX.
Elevation and subsidence of land in regions free from volcanoes and earthquakes—Rising of land in Sweden 519
CHAPTERS XXXI. XXXII.
Causes of earthquakes and volcanoes—Theory of central fluidity of the earth—Chemical theory of volcanoes—Causes of permanent upheaval and depression of land 533, 545