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Primitive & Mediaeval Japanese Texts

MANYÔSHIU TEXT TRANSLITERATED (continued 3)

Reading edition

5 seko is Yakamochi.

14 ta-dzukuri = tabi-dsukuri.

31, 32 to express myself in words were a dread thing = kakemaku mo, &c.

34 ta-muke no kami, the god to whom offerings are made. The shrine would be at the top of a pass, hence ta-muke also signified the summit of a pass or hill.

2 waga se is Yakamochi.

5 asanasa = asa ni asa ni.

For awoniyoshi, amazakaru, wakakusano, muratorino, asagirino see List m. k.

225

Soraseru taka wo shinubi ime ni mite yorokobi yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1 toho no mikado to mi yuki furu Koshi to na ni oheru amazakaru 5 hina nishi areba yama-dakami kaha tohoshiroshi nu wo hiromi kusa koso shigeshi 10 ayu hashiru natsu no sakari to shima tsu tori u-kahi ga tomo ha yuku kaha no 15 kiyoki se goto ni kagari sashi nadzusahi noboru tsuyu shimo no aki ni itareba 20 nu mo saha ni tori sudakeri to masurawono tomo izanahite taka ha shi mo 25 amata aredomo yakata-wo no aga ohokuro ni shira-nuri no suzu tori-tsukete 30 asa-gari ni iho tsu tori tate yufu-gari ni chidori fumitate ofu goto ni 35 yusuru koto naku ta-banare mo wochi mo kayasuki kore wo okite mata ha ari-gatashi 40 sa-naraberu taka ha nakemu to kokoro ni ha omohi hokorite wemahitsutsu 45 wataru ahida ni taburetaru shiko tsu okina no koto dani mo are ni ha tsugezu 50 tonogumori ame no furu hi wo to-gari su to na nomi wo norite Mishima-nu wo 55 sogahi ni mitsutsu Futa-kami no yama tobi-koyete kumo-gakuri kakeri iniki to 60 kaheri-kite shiha-bure tsugure woku yoshi no soko ni nakereba ifu sube no 65 tadoki wo shirani kokoro ni ha hi sahe moyetsutsu omohi kohi iki-dzuki amari 70 kedashiku mo afu koto ari ya to ashihikino wote-mo kono-mo ni to-nami hari 75 moribe wo suwete chihayaburu kami no yashiro ni teru kagami shitsu ni tori-sohe 80 kohi-nomite aga matsu toki ni wotomera ga ime ni tsuguraku naga kofuru 85 sono hotsu taka ha Matsudaye no hama yuki-gurashi tsunashi toru Himi no ye sugite 90 Tako no shima tobi-tamotohori ashi-gamo no sudaku Furuye ni wototsu hi mo 95 kinofu mo aritsu chikaku araba ima futsuka dami tohoku araba nanuka no uchi ha 100 sugime ya mo kinamu waga seko nemokoro ni na kohi so yo to so ime ni tsugetsuru. 105

The glossary and notes to the translation sufficiently explain the text of this lay.

98 dami seems to = bakari.

For amazakaru, masurawono, ashihikino, chihayaburu see List m. k.

Maki XVIII, Kami

226

Agehari no uchi ni hitori wite hototogisu no ne wo kikite yomeru uta.

Takamikura 1 ama no hitsugi to Sumerogi no ami no mikoto no kikoshiwosu 5 kuni no mahora ni yama wo shi mo saha ni ohomi to momo tori no ki-wite naku koye 10 haru sareba kiki no kanashi mo idzure wo ka wakite shinubamu u no hana no 15 saku tsuki tateba medzurashiku naku hototogisu ayame-gusa tama nuku made ni 20 hiru kurashi yo watashi kikedo kiku goto ni kokoro ugokite uchi nageki 25 ahare no tori to ihanu toki nashi. (3) Hototogisu 1 ito netakeku ha tachibana no hana chiru toki ni ki-naki toyomuru. 5

1 A sort of m. k. of ama no hitsugi.

13, 14 of all the birds the most delightsome.

For takamikura see List m. k.

227

Michinoku no kuni yori kugane wo idaseru mikotonori wo kotohoku uta.

Ashihara no 1 Midzuho no kuni wo ama kudari shirashimeshikeru sumerogi no 5 kami no mikoto no mi yo kasane ama no hitsugi to shirashikuru kimi no miyo miyo 10 shikimaseru yo mo no kuni ni ha yama kaha wo hiromi atsumi to tatematsuru 15 mi tsuki takara ha kazoheyezu tsukushi mo kanetsu shikaredomo waga ohokimi no 20 moro hito wo izanahi tamahi yoki koto wo hazhime tamahite kukane ka mo 25 tanoshikeku aramu to omohoshite shita nayamasu ni toriganaku Adzuma no kuni no so 30 Michinoku no Woda naru yama ni kugane ari to maushitamahere mi kokoro wo 35 akirame tamahi ame tsuchi no kami ahi-udzunahi sumerogi no mi tama tasukete 40 tohoki yo ni nakarishi koto wo waga mi yo ni arahashite areba wosu kuni ha 45 sakayemu mono to kamu nagara omohoshimeshite mononofuno ya so tomo no wo wo 50 matsurobe no muke no manimani oi-hito mo me no waraha ko mo shi ga negafu 55 kokoro-darahi ni nade-tamahi wosame-tamaheba koko wo shi mo aya ni tafutomi 60 ureshikeku iyo-yo omohite Ohotomo no tohotsu kamu oya no sono na wo ba 65 Ohokume nushi to ohi-mochite tsukaheshi tsukasa umi yukaba midzuku kabane 70 yama yukaba kusamusu kabane ohokimi no he ni koso shiname kaheri-mi ha 75 sezhi to kotodate masurawono kiyoki sono na wo inishihe no ima no wotsutsu ni 80 nagasaheru oya no kodomo so Ohotomo no Saheki no uji ha hito no ’ya no 85 tatsuru kotodate hito no ko ha oya no na tatazu ohokimi ni matsurofu mono to 90 ihi-tsugeru koto no tsukasa so adzusa yumi te ni tori-mochite tsurugi tachi 95 koshi ni tori-haki asa mamori yufu no mamori ni ohokimi no Mikado no mamori 100 ware wo okite mata hito ha arazhi to iya-tate omohishi masaru ohokimi no 105 mikoto no saki no kikeba tafutomi.

vv. 1-18 describe Yamato, its line of rulers, its features and wealth; 18-28 the object of the Mikado’s desire for gold; yoki koto, desirable thing; 21-24 see below; 29-50 his gratitude on hearing of the discovery of gold in Michinoku; 51 to end, the panegyric by Yakamochi of the Otomo clan to which he belongs. 101 and 102 are plagiarized from Lay 67.

52 = iyo-yo = iyo-iyo.

103 to iya-tate, so, more and more raise (kotodate).

107 Read kikeba after tafutomi.

For kazoheyezu, toriganaku, mononofuno, masurawono see List m. k.

Maki XVIII, Shimo

228

Yoshino no totsumiya ni idemasamu toki no tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

Takamikura 1 ama no hitsugi to ame no shita shirashimeshikeru sumerogi no 5 kami no mikoto no kashikoku mo hazhime tamahite tafutoku mo sadametamaheru 10 Mi Yoshinu no kono ohomiya ni ari-gayohi meshitamafurashi mononofuno 15 yasotomo no wo mo ono ga oheru ono ga na [ohi] na ohi ohokimi no make no manimani 20 kono kaha no tayuru koto naku kono yama no iya tsugi-tsugi ni kaku shi koso 25 tsukahematsurame iya toho naga ni.

5 sumerogi is the Mikado Ojin (270-310).

13, 14 refer to the reigning Mikado Shômu (724-48).

20 Read in connexion with 26.

For takamikura, mononofuno see List m. k.

229

Miyako no ihe ni okuramu ga tame ni shiratama wo horisuru uta.

Susu no ama no 1 okitsu mi kami ni i-watarite kadzuki tori to ifu ahabi tama 5 ihochi mo ga mo hashikiyoshi tsuma no mikoto no koromodeno wakareshi toki yo 10 nubatamano yo toko kata sari asa-ne-gami kaki mo kedzurazu idete koshi 15 tsuki-hi yomitsutsu nagekuramu kokoro nagusa ni hototogisu ki naku sa-tsuki no 20 ayame-gusa hana tachibana ni nuki mazhihe kadzura ni seyo to tsutsumite yaramu. 25

2 mi kami, great god, here = wilds of ocean (great sea-god’s realm).

6 i-ho-chi = i ho tsu, compare hatachi.

10 yo = yori.

12 yo = yoru, night; kata sari, where one has gone and left the other of a pair.

13 asa ne kami, hair disordered in morning on awaking from sleep.

14 kakazu mo, kedzurazu mo.

19 hototogisu ki naku is epithetical of sa-tsuki (fifth month).

230

Fumibito Wohari no Woguhi wo satosu uta.

Ohonamuji 1 Sukunabikona no kami-yo yori ihitsugikeraku chichi haha wo 5 mireba tafutoku me ko mireba kanashiku megushi utsusemino yo no kotowari to 10 kaku sama ni ihikeru mono wo yo no hito no tatsuru koto-date chisa no hana 15 sakeru sakari ni hashikeyoshi sono tsuma no ko to asa yohi ni yemimi yemazu mo 20 uchi-nageki katarikemaku ha tokoshihe ni kaku shi mo arame ya ame tsuchi no 25 kami kotoyosete haruhanano sakari mo aramu to matashikemu toki no sakari wo 30 sakari-wite nagekasu to imo ga itsushika mo tsukahi mo komu to matasuramu 35 kokoro sabushiku minami fuki yuki ke hafurite Imidzu kaha ukabu mi nawa mo 40 yoru he nami Saburu sono ko ni himo no wo no i-tsugari ahite nihodori no 45 futari narabi-wi Nago no umi no oki wo fukamete sadohaseru kimi ga kokoro wo 50 sube mo subenasa!

4 = ihitsugikeru.

6, 8 To tafutoku and kanashiku (also to sabushiku, v. 36), add nari.

15 chisa = chisha, lettuce. Wild salads of all kinds were much esteemed in ancient Japan.

15-36 describe the anxiety of the wife.

18 ko = lady.

20 smiling or not, in all moods.

25, 26 her reliance on the gods.

31 This line is doubtful—sense is possible only by reading sakari as = hanare or hanachi.

37 minami [kaze].

37-41 introductory to Saburu.

38 yuki, snow. ke = kihe, disappear, melt.

44 i-tsugari = tsunagu, tsunagaru.

For utsusemino, haruhanano see List m. k.

231

Kakemaku mo 1 aya ni kashikoshi sumerogi no kami no oho mi yo ni Tazhima Mori 5 Tokoyo ni watari ya hoko mochi mawide koshi tofu tokizhiku no kagu no ko no mi wo 10 kashikoku mo nokoshitamahere kuni mo se ni ohi-tachi sakaye haru sareba 15 hikoye moitsutsu hototogisu naku sa-tsuki ni ha hatsu hana wo yeda ni taworite 20 wotomera ni tsuto ni mo yarimi shirotaheno sode ni mo kokire ka-guhashimi 25 okite karashimi ayuru mi ha tama ni nukitsutsu te ni makite miredomo akazu 30 aki-dzukeba shigure no amefuri ashihikino yama no konure ha kurenawi ni 35 nihohi chiredomo tachibana no nareru sono mi ha hitateri ni iya migahoshiku 40 mi yuki furu fuyu ni itareba shimo okedomo sono ha mo karezu tokihanasu 45 iya sakahaye ni shikare koso kami no mi yo yori yoroshi-nabe kono tachibana wo 50 tokizhiku no kaku no ko no mi to nadzukekerashi mo!

8 mawide = mawiri-ide. koshi is past of kuru used as auxiliary.

13 se = semaku. se ni, closely = abundantly.

6 hiko-ye, twigs, lit. descendant-branches.

22 tsuto, tsutsumi to, bound or arranged as a gift.

24 kokire, koki-ire, lit. strip-put-in. The value here is somewhat uncertain, perhaps to strip off the flowers and set them on the sleeve in some way.

26 karashi, caus. of karu wither. mi here, as in 22, has an iterative force.

39 hita-teri, right dazzling.

52 kaku, thus, i.e. weathering all the seasons, but kaku may be read kagu, fragrant, i.e. pleasing all the year through, hence by a word-play the appropriateness of the term ka-guhashimi (25).

For shirotaheno, ashihikino, tokihanasu see List m. k.

232

Niha no hana wo mite yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1 toho no Mikado to makitamafu tsukasa no manima mi yuki furu 5 Koshi ni kudariki aratamano toshi no itsu tose shikitaheno ta-makura makazu 10 himo tokazu marone wo sureba ifusemi to kokoro nagusa ni nadeshiko wo 15 yado ni maki-ohoshi natsu no no no sa-yuri hiki uwete saku hana wo idemiru goto ni 20 nadeshiko ga sono hana-dzuma ni sa yuri-bana yuri mo ahamu to nagusamura 25 kokoro shinakuba amazakaru hina ni hito hi mo arubeku mo aru ya! Nadeshiko ga 1 hana miru goto ni wotomera ga yemahi no nihohi omohoyuru ka mo? 5

2 to = nite.

3, 4 in execution of service imposed upon me.

8 tose = toshi he, passage of years.

9 must be read as m. k. of makura.

2 maro-ne = hitori-ne.

13 to, supply naru.

14 nagusamu.

16 maki-ohoshi = sow or plant, let grow.

17 no no no, the second no = nu, moor.

18 sa-yuri, the sa of sa tsuki—vigorously growing (sa nahe), lily of the fifth month.

24 Here yuri = yori = nochi.

For aratamano, shikitaheno, amazakaru see List m. k.

233

Ohokimi no 1 maki no manimani tori-mochite tsukafuru kuni no toshi no uchi no 5 koto katane mochi tamahokono michi ni ide-tachi ihane fumi yama koye nu yuki 10 miyako he mawishi waga se wo aratamano toshi yuki-kaheri tsuki kasane 15 minu hi sa-manemi kofuru sora yasuku shi araneba hototogisu ki naku sa-dzuki no 20 ayame-gusa yomogi kadzura ki saka mi-dzuki asobi naguredo Imidzu kaha 25 yuki ke afurite yuku midzu no iya mashi ni nomi tadzu ga naku Nagoye no suge no 30 nemokoro ni omohi musuhore nageki tsutsu aga matsu kimi ga koto wohari 35 kaheri makarite natsu no nu no sa yuri no hana no hana wemi ni nifubu ni wemite 40 ahashitaru kefu wo hazhimete kagaminasu kaku shi tsune mimu omokaharisezu. 45

6 katane, katanu is to settle, arrange, conclude, &c.

10 The syntax here is obscure.

13, 14, 15 lit. fresh years came and went—the months summed up.…

19 hototogisu ki naku is epithetical of sa-tsuki.

22 Error for yanagi?

25-30 are introductory to nemokoro.

41 = ahi-tamahi.

44 kaku shi tsune = just as now so always.

45 omokahari sezu, without change of face, i.e. keeping health and youth.

For tamahokono, aratamano, kagaminasu see List m. k.

234

Amage no kumo wo mite yomeru uta.

Sumerogi no 1 shikimasu kuni no ame no shita yo mo no michi ni ha uma no tsume 5 i-tsukusu kihami funa no he no i-hatsuru made ni inishihe yo ima no wotsutsu ni 10 yorodzu tsuki matsuru tsukasa to tsukuritaru sono nari-hahi wo ame furazu 15 hi no kasanareba uwe shita mo makishi hatake mo asa goto ni shibomi kare-yuku 20 so wo mireba kokoro wo itami midori-ko no chi kofu ga gotoku amatsumidzu 25 afugite so matsu ashihikino yama no tawori ni kono miyuru ama no shira kumo 30 watatsumi no okitsu miya he ni tachi-watari tonogumori ahite ame mo tamahane. 35

4 yo mo, four faces or quarters, everywhere.

10 wotsutsu = utsutsu.

11 tsuki = tribute, tax.

28 tawori, summit.

For amatsumidzu (used here in double sense), ashihikino see List m. k.

235

Tanabata no uta.

Amaterasu 1 kami no mi yo yori Yasu no kaha naga ni hedatete shika hitachi 5 sode furi kahashi iki no wo ni nagekasu kora watari mori fune mo maukezu 10 hashi dani mo watashite araba sono he yu mo i-yuki watarashi tadzusahari 15 unagakeri-wite omohoshiki koto mo katarahi nagusamuru kokoro ha aramu wo 20 nani shi ka mo aki nishi araneba kototohi no tomoshikikora utsusemi no 25 yo no hito ware mo koko wo shi mo aya ni kusushimi yuki kaharu toshi no ha goto ni 30 ama no hara furi-sake mitsutsu ihi-tsugi ni sure.

8 kora is an honour-plural, the Webster woman.

13 sono he yu = sono uhe yori, here = from that side, the other side where the Herdman is.

26 I take ware to refer to Yakamochi.

33 sure for koso sure.

Maki XIX, Kami

236

Ma-shirafu no taka wo yomeru uta.

Ashihikino 1 yama saka koyete yuki kaharu toshi no wo nagaku shinazakaru 5 Koshi ni shi sumeba ohokimi no shikimasu kuni ha miyako wo mo koko mo oyazhi to 10 kokoro ni ha omofu mono kara katari-sake misakuru hito me tomoshimi to 15 omohi shi shigeshi soko yuwe ni kokoro nagu ya to aki-dzukeba hagi saki-nihofu 20 Ihase nu ni uma tagi-yukite wochi kochi ni tori fumi-tate shiranuri no 25 wo-suzu mo yura ni ahase-yari furi-sake mitsutsu ikitohoru kokoro no uchi wo 30 omohi-nobe ureshibi nagara makuradzuku tsuma ya no uchi ni to-gura yuhi 35 suwete so aga kafu mashirafu no taka!

13 katari-sake, utter, give expression to conversation; misake, send forth glance, i.e. look at, perceive.

22 uma tagi-yukite, tagu (taguru) is to draw (rope, cord, &c.).

27 ahase-yari is taken as referring to wo-suzu.

29 See N. I. 241, the uta.

37 ma-shirafu, shining, white-mottled.

For makuradzuku see List m. k.

237

U tsu kafu uta.

Aratamano 1 toshi yuki kahari haru sareba hana saki nihofu ashihikino 5 yama shita doyomi ochi tagichi nagaru Sakita no kaha no se ni ayu ko sa-bashiri 10 shima tsu tori u-kahi tomo nabe kagari sashi nadzusahi yukeba wagimoko ga 15 katami gatera to kurenawi no ya shiho ni somete okosetaru koromo no suso mo 20 tohorite nurenu.

13 kagari sashi, place torch-holders = prepare or light decoy-flares.

14 nami-tsu[mori]-safu.

16 gatera to = here, by way of parting gift or souvenir.

For aratamano, ashihikino see List m. k.

238

Yo no tsune no naki koto no uta.

Ame tsuchi no 1 tohoki hazhime yo yo no naka ha tsune naki mono to katari tsuki 5 nagarahe kitari ama no hara furi-sake mireba teru tsuki mo michi kakeshikeri 10 ashihikino yama no konure mo haru sareba hana saki nihohi aki tsukeba 15 tsuyu shimo ohite kaze mazhiri momiji chirikeri utsusemi mo kaku nomi narashi 20 kurenawi no iro mo utsurohi nubatamano kuro kami kahari asa no wemi 25 yufube kaharahi fuku kaze no miyenu ga gotoku yuku midzu no tomaranu gotoku 30 tsune mo naku utsurofu mireba nihatadzumi nagaruru namida todome kanetsu mo. 35

16 ohite = be or lie on.

31 impermanent.

For ashihikino, nubatamano see List m. k.

239

Masurawo no na wo furufu wo shitafu uta.

Chichinomino 1 chichi no mikoto hahasobano haha no mikoto ohoroka ni 5 kokoro tsukushite omofuramu sono ko nare ya mo masurawo ya munashiku arubeki 10 adzusa yumi suwe-furi-okoshi nagu ya mochi chi hiro i-watashi tsurugi-tachi 15 koshi ni tori-haki ashihikino yatsuwo fumi-koye sashi makuru kokoro sayarazu 20 nochi no yo no katari-tsugibeku na wo tatsubeshi mo.

furufu, lit. to brandish, here to display.

1 The line is a sort of phonetic m. k. of chichi, father; chichi no mi is the fruit of Ginkgo biloba (the maiden-hair tree). So hahaso-ba (leaf of Quercus dentata) is a phonetic m. k. of haha.

8 nare = koso nare, ya = ya ha (= Lat. num).

10 Read as munaskiku arubeki ya.

19 = ninzeraruru.

20 sayarazu = sawarazu (not stopped from executing duty).

For ashihikino see List m. k.

240

Hototogisu mata toki no hana wo yomeru uta.

Toki goto ni 1 iya medzurashiku yachi kusa ni kusa ki hana saki naku tori no 5 kowe mo kaharafu mimi ni kiki me ni miru goto ni uchi-nageki shinaye urabure 10 shinubitsutsu arikuru hashi ni ko no kure no u tsuki shi tateba yo-gomori ni 15 naku hototogisu inishihe yo katari tsugitsuru uguhisu no utsushi ma-ko ka mo 20 ayame-gusa hana tachibana wo wotomera ga tama nuku made ni akanesasu 25 hiru ha shimerani ashihikino yatsu wo tobikoye nubatamano yoru ha sugara ni 30 akatoki no tsuki ni mukahite yuki-kaheri naki toyomuredo ikade akitaramu! 35

3 ya chi, 8,000—i.e. all kinds of.

9, 10, 11, 12 … seem to mean sighing, yielding, reflecting (or melancholy), and pensive while vying … but I prefer the whole sense as given in my translation—reading arisofu for arikuru, of which I can make nothing.

20 ma-ko, true child, progeny; or mi-ko, fair progeny.

28 yatsu wo, see 239.

31 akatoki = akatsuki.

For akanesasu, ashihikino, nubatamano see List m. k.

241

Me ga Miyako ni imasu haha no mikoto ni okuramu tame ni atsuraherayete yomeru uta.

Hototogisu 1 ki-naku sa-tsuki ni saki-nihofu hana tachibana no ka-guhashiki 5 oya no mikoto asa yohi ni kikanu hi maneku amazakaru hina ni shi woreba 10 ashihikino yama no tawori ni tatsu kumo wo yoso nomi mitsutsu nageku sora 15 yasukeku naku ni omofu sora kurushiki mono wo Nago no ama no kadzukitoru chifu 20 shiratamano migahoshi mi omowa tada mukahi mimu toki made ha matsu kahe no 25 sakaye imasane tafutoki aga kimi.

1-4 are epithetical of 5.

25 kahe, an old word for a species of live oak, some say Japanese yew, Torreya nucifera.

For amazakaru, ashihikino, shiratamano see List m. k.

242

U tsuki no mika no hi Yechizen Hangwan Ohotomo no Sukune Ikenushi ni okureru hototogisu no uta kankyu no omohi ni tahezute omohi wo noburu hito uta.

Waga seko to 1 te tadzusaharite ake kureba ide tachi mukahi yufu sareba 5 furi sake mitsutsu omohi-nobe mi-nagishi yama yatsu wo ni ha kasumi tanabiki 10 tani he ni ha tsubaki hana saki ura-kanashi haru no sugureba hototogisu 15 iya shiki nakinu hitori nomi kikeba sabushi mo kimi to are hedatete kofuru 20 Tonami yama tobi koye-yukite ake tataba matsu no sayeda ni yufu saraba 25 tsuki ni mukahite ayame-gusa tama nuku made ni naki-doyome yasu-i shi nasazu 30 kimi wo nayamase.

1 seko is Ikenushi.

8 = mi nagusamishi.

18 ura-kanashi, deeply kanashi, i.e. deeply moved here to joy, not grief.

19 kimi is Ikenushi.

20 The sentence ends with kofuru. The next sentence ends with nayamase (31), of which the logical subject is, hototogisu, understood.

243

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Haru sugite 1 natsu ki-mukaheba ashihikino yama yobi-doyome sayo naka ni 5 naku hototogisu hatsu kowe wo kikeba natsukashi ayame-gusa hana tachibana wo 10 nuki mazhihe kadzuraku made ni sato-toyome naki-wataredomo naho shi shinubayu. 15

15 shinubayu = shinubayuru.

244

Yamabuki wo yomeru uta.

Utsusemi ha 1 kohi wo shigemi to haru makete omohi-shigekuba hiki-yojite 5 wori mo worazu mo miru goto ni kokoro nagimu to shige yama no tani he ni ofuru 10 yamabuki wo yado ni hiki-uwete asa tsuyu ni nihoheru hana wo miru goto ni 15 omohi ha yamazu kohi shi shigeshi mo.

8 nagimu (nagu) = nagusamamu.

16 [love] thoughts.

245

Fuse no midzu-umi ni asobite yomeru uta.

Omofu dochi 1 masurawo no ko no konokureno shigeki omohi wo mi akirame 5 kokoro yaramu to Fuse no umi ni wo-bune tsuraname ma-kai kake i-yuki megureba 10 Wofu no ura ni kasumi tanabiki Taruhime ni fujinami sakite hama kiyoku 15 shiranami sawaki shikushiku ni kohi ha masaredo kefu nomi ni akitarame ya mo 20 kaku shi koso iya toshi no ha ni haruhanano shigeki sakari ni aki no ha no 25 nihoheru toki ni ari-gayohi mitsutsu shinubame kono Fuse no umi wo.

8 Epithetical of shigeki.

28 shinubame, we will surely take pleasure in, supply koso.

For konokureno, haruhanano see List m. k.

246

Yechizen Hanguwan … Ikenushi ni u wo okureru uta.

Amazakaru 1 hina to shi areba soko koko mo oyazhi kokoro so ihezakari 5 toshi no henureba utsusemi ha mono ’mohi shigeshi soko yuwe ni. kokoro nagusa ni 10 hototogisu naku hatsu kowe wo tachibana no tama ni ahenuki kadsurakite 15 asobaku yoshi mo masurawo wo tomonahe tachite Shikura kaha nadzusahi nobori 20 hirase ni ha sade sashi-watashi hayase ni ha u wo kadzuketsutsu tsuki ni hi ni 25 shika shi asobane hashiki waga seko.

3 soko koko, there or here, everywhere.

17 to end refer more particularly to Ikenushi.

26 Note the precative ne.

27 waga seko is Ikenushi.

For amazakaru see List m. k.

247

Hototogisu mata fuji no hana wo yomeru uta.

Momo no hana 1 kurenawi iro ni nihohitaru omowa no uchi ni awo-yagi no 5 kuhashi mayone wo wemi magari asa kage mitsutsu wotomera ga te ni tori-motaru 10 masokagami Futagami yama ni konokureno shigeki tani he wo yobi-toyome 15 asa tobi-watari yufu dzuku-yo kasokeki nu he ni harobaro ni naku hototogisu 20 tachi-kuku to ha furi ni chirasu fujinami no hana natsukashimi hiki yojite 25 sode ni kokiretsu shimaba shimu to mo.

1 momo, peach.

1-11 are introductory to futa of Futakami. From futa backwards to momo a literal translation would be good English—a capital instance of the way in which the order of words in Japanese permits of a telling climax.

5 awo yanagi.

6 mayone = mayu, eyebrow.

7 wemi magari, smile-arch, smile-curve.

13 ko is ki, tree, bush; kure, shadow or gloom.

17 yufudzuku-yo, evening-moonlight-night.

18 kasokeki, shadowy, dim.

19 harobaro, at a distance, far.

21 tachi-kuku, dart in and out.

22 ha furi, wing-shake.

26 kokire = mushiri-ire, take off (the blossoms) and put in.

27 shimaba shimu = somaba somu.

248

Hironaha ni okureru hototogisu no urami no uta.

Koko ni shite 1 sogahi ni miyuru waga seko ga kaki tsu no tani ni ake sareba 5 hari no sa-yeda ni yufu sareba fuji no shigemi ni harobaro ni naku hototogisu 10 waga yado no uwe ki tachibana hana ni chiru toki wo matashimi ki nakanaku 15 soko ha uramizu shikaredomo tani kata-dzukite ihe-woreru kimi ga kikitsutsu 20 tsuge naku mo ushi!

14 I read matashimi as = imadashi.

21 tsuge I take as referring to the cuckoo who does not with his song herald the approach of summer for the poet.

249

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Tani chikaku 1 ihe ha woredomo ko-dakakute sato ha aredomo hototogisu 5 imada ki nakazu naku kowe wo kikamakuhori to ashita ni ha kado ni idetachi 10 yufube ni ha tani wo mi-watashi kofuredomo hito kowe dani mo imada kikoyezu. 15

Maki XIX, Naka

250

Wotome haka no uta ni ohite nazorafu uta.

Inishihe no 1 arikeru waza wo kusuhashiki koto to ihitsugu Chinu wotoko 5 Unahi wotoko no utsusemino na wo arasofu to tamakiharu inochi wo sutete 10 ahi tomo ni tsuma-dohi shikeru wotomera ga kikeba kanashisa haruhanano 15 nihohe sakayete akinohano nihohi ni tereru atara mi no sakari wo sura ni 20 masurawo no koto itohoshimi chichi haha ni mawoshi wakarete ihe-zakari 25 umi he ni detachi asa yohi ni michi kuru shiho no yahe nami ni nabiku tamamo no 30 fushi no ma no woshiki inochi wo tsuyushimono sugimashi ni kere okutsuki wo 35 koko to sadamete nochi no yo no kiki tsugu hito mo iya toho ni shinubi ni seyo to 40 tsuge wo-kushi shi ga sashikerashi ohite nabikeru.

3 kusuhashiki = kusushi.

1-12 relate to the wooers; 13, 14 are interjectional, expressing pity for the girl’s fate.

13, 14 wotomera ga [koto wo] kikeba.

15-20 describe her beauty, &c. 19, 20 though in the flower of her age; 21-34 her despair and death; 35 to end, her choice of a tomb-place, and the miraculous growth from the comb wherewith she marked the spot, that her memory might endure.

For utsusemino, tamakiharu, haruhanano, akinohano, tsuyushimono see List m. k.

251

Kanashimi uta.

Ametsuchi no 1 hazhime no toki yo utsusomino yaso tomo no wo ha ohokimi ni 5 matsurofu mono to sadametaru tsukasa nishi areba ohokimi no mikoto kashikomi 10 hina-zakaru kuni wo osamu to ashihikino yama kaha henari kaze kumo ni 15 koto ha kayohedo tada ni ahanu hi no kasanareba omohi kohi ikidzuki woru ni 20 tamahokono michi kuru hito no tsute koto ni are ni kataraku hashikiyoshi 25 kimi ha konogoro urasabite nagekahi imasu yo no naka no ukeku tsurakeku 30 saku hana mo toki ni utsurofu utsusemi mo tsune naku arikeri tarachineno 35 mi haha no mikoto nani shi ka mo toki shi ha aramu wo masokagami miredomo akazu 40 tamanowono woshiki sakari ni tatsukirino usenuru gotoku tamamonasu 45 nabiki koi-fushi yuku midzu no todome kaneki to taha-koto ya hito no ihitsuru 50 oyodzure ka hito no tsugetsuru adzusayumi tsuma[biku] yo ’to toho ’to ni mo 55 kikeba kanashimi niha tadzumi nagaruru namida todome kanetsu mo! Yo no naka no 1 tsune naki koto ha shiruramu wo kokoro tsukusuna masurawo ni shite! 5

1-10 in praise of the Mikado; 11-24 the poet’s seclusion in his frontier government.

15 kaze kumo, wind and clouds, regarded as bearers of tidings.

25-43 the tidings from City-Royal; 39, 40 see note 2, translation; 49 to end, his grief. The envoy is an exhortation to bear the ills of this fleeting world as a leal man should.

For utsusomino, ashihikino, tamahokono, tarachineno, masokagami, tamanowono, tatsukirino, tamamonasu see List m. k.

252

Miyako yori okoseru uta.

Hatatsumi no 1 kami no mikoto no mi kushige ni takuhahi okite itsuku tofu 5 tama ni masarite omoherishi aga ko ni ha aredo utsusemino yo no kotowari to 10 masurawono hiki no manimani shinazakaru Koshi ji wo sashite hafutsutano 15 wakare nishi yori okitsunami towomu mayo-biki ohobuneno yukura yukura ni 20 omokage ni motona miyetsutsu kaku kohiba oi-dzuku aga mi kedashi ahemu ka mo! 25

17-20 must be read with omokage, somewhat thus—ohobune no | yukura yukura ni | okitsu nami | towomu mayobiki | omokage ni |—the syntax is loose: towomu = tawamu, the m. k. okitsunami applies to towomu.

25 kedashi is here almost ‘doubtfully’; ahemu = tahemu.

For utsusemino, shinazakaru, okitsunami, ohobuneno see List m. k.

253

Ametsuchi no 1 kami ha nakare ya utsukushiki aga tsuma sakaru hikaru-kami 5 Narihata wotome te tadzusahi tomo ni aramu to omohishi ni kokoro tagahinu 10 ihamu sube semu sube shirani yufu tasuki kata ni tori-kake shitsu nusa wo 15 te ni tori-mochite na sake so to ware ha nomeredo makite neshi imo ga tamoto ha 20 kumo ni tanabiku.

2 nakare, supply koso (naku are).

5 m. k. of nari (Narihata).

9 omohishi: here, as often, the relative form is used instead of the predicative.

18 nomeredo = nomedo (inoru).

254

Tempyô itsutose to ifu toshi Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi ni okureru uta.

Soramitsu 1 Yamato no kuni awoniyoshi Nara no miyako yu oshiteru 5 Naniha ni kudari Suminoye no mi tsu ni funa nori tada watari hi no iru kuni ni 10 tsukahasaru waga se no kimi wo kakemaku no yuyushiki kashikoki Suminoye no 15 aga oho mi kami funa no he ni ushi-haki imashi funa domo ni mi tatashi-mashite 20 sashi-yoramu iso no saki-zaki kogi-hatemu tomari tomari ni araki kaze 25 nami ni ahasezu tahirakeku wite kaherimase moto no mikado ni.

For soramitsu, awoniyoshi, oshiteru see List m. k.

255

Miyako ni mawi-noboru michi nite koto ni tsuke arakazhime yomeru toyo no agari ni haberite mikotonorite uketamaharu uta.

Akitsushima 1 Yamato no kuni wo ama kumo ni iha fune ukabe tomo ni he ni 5 ma-kai shizhi nuki i-kogitsutsu kuni-mi shi seshite amori-mashi harahi tahirage 10 chiyo kasane iya tsugitsugi ni shirashikuru ama no hitsugi to kamu nagara 15 waga ohokimi no ame no shita wosame tamaheba mononofuno yaso tomo no wo wo 20 nade-tamahi totonohe-tamahi wosu kuni no yomo no hito wo mo abusahazu 25 megumi-tamaheba inishihe yo nakarishi shirushi tabi maneku mawoshi-tamahinu 30 te udakite kotonaki mi yo to ametsuchi tsuki to tomo ni yorodzu yo ni 35 shirushi tsukamu so yasumishishi waga ohokimi aki no hana shi ga iroiro ni 40 meshi-tamahi akirame-tamahi saka mi-dzuki sakayeru kefu no aya ni tafutosa. 45

39 I take aki no hana to refer to the season merely.

For akitsushima, mononofuno, yasumishishi see List m. k.

Maki XIX, Shimo

256

Hiroki yotsu no kurawi kamitsu shina (jiushii jô) Koma no Asomi Fukushima ni mikotonorishite Naniha ni tsukahashi ohomiki sakana wo Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi Fujihara no Asomi Kiyokaha-ra ni tamaheru ohomi-uta.

Soramitsu 1 Yamato no kuni ha midzu no he ha tsuchi yuku gotoku funa no he ha 5 toko ni woru goto ohokami no ihaheru kuni so yotsu no fune funa no he narabe 10 tahirakeku haya watarite kite kaheri koto mawosamu hi ni ahi nomamu ki so kono toyomiki ha. 15

3 midzu no he, midzu no uhe, i.e. on the sea.

5 funa no he, funa no uhe, i.e. on shipboard.

10 funa no he, prow.

15 toyo-mi-ki = rich-royal-sakè.

For soramitsu see List m. k.

257

Mikotonori wo uketamaharu ga tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

Ashihikino 1 yatsuwo no uhe no tsuganokino iya tsugitsugi ni matsuganeno 5 tayuru koto naku awoniyoshi Nara no miyako ni yorodzu yo ni kuni shirasamu to 10 yasumishishi waga ohokimi no kamu nagara omohoshimeshite toyo no agari 15 mesu kefu no hi ha mononofuno yasotomo no wo no Shima yama ni akaru tachibana 20 udzu ni sashi himo toki sakete chitose hoki hosaki-toyomoshi werawera ni 25 tsukahematsuru wo miru ga tafutosa.

1-13 Praise of the Mikado. 14 to end, appeal to the loyalty of those invited to the Presence.

23, 24 hoki, hosaki (hogi, hosagi) = ihafu.

For ashihikino, tsuganokino, matsuganeno, awoniyoshi, yasumishishi, mononofuno see List m. k.

Maki XX, Kami

258

[Tempyô shôhô shichi nen] kisaragi nanuka no hi Sagamu no kuni no Sakimori Kotori tsukahi kami hiroki itsutsu no kurawi no shimotsu shina Fujihara no Asomi Sukunamaro ga tatematsureru uta no kadzu yatsu tada tsutanaki uta itsutsu ha kore wo agezu.

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo itamite yomeru uta.

Sumerogi no 1 toho no mikado to shiranuhi Tsukushi no kuni ha ata mamoru 5 osahe no ki so to kikoshiwosu yomo no kuni ni ha hito saha ni michi ni ha aredo 10 toriganaku Adzuma wonoko ha ide mukahi kaheri-misezute isamitaru 15 takeki ikusa to negitamahi make no manimani tarachineno haha ga mekarete 20 wakakusano tsuma wo makazu aratamano tsuki hi yomitsutsu ashigachiru 25 Naniha no mi tsu ni ohobune ni ma-kai shizhi nuki asa nagi ni kako totonohe 30 yufu shiho ni kaji hiki wori adomohite kogi yuku kimi ha nami no ma wo 35 i-yuki sa-kukumi masakiku mo hayaku itarite ohokimi no mikoto no manima 40 masurawono kokoro wo mochite ari-meguri koto shi woharaba tsutsumahazu 45 kaheri-kimasu to ihahihe wo toko he ni suwete shirotaheno sode wori-kaheshi 50 nubatamano kurokami shikite nagaki ke wo machi ka mo kohimu hashiki tsumara ha. 55

Argument (dai), sakamori (sakahi mamori), garrison soldier or warrior, frontier defence.

6 osahe no ki, defensive fort = garrison, military post.

13 go forth to meet, i.e. the enemy.

17 negi = negirafu, seems to mean to thank, recompense, reward.

25 A sort of m. k. of Naniha.

53 nagaki ki-he.

For toriganaku, tarachineno, wakakusano, aratamano, ashigachiru, masurawono, shirotaheno, nubatamano see List m. k.

259

Omohi wo noburu uta.

Sumerogi no 1 tohoki mi yo ni mo oshiteru Naniha no kuni ni ame no shita 5 shirashimeshiki to ima no yo ni tayezu ihitsutsu kakemaku mo aya ni kashikoshi 10 kamu nagara wago ohokimi no uchinabiku haru no hazhime ha yachi kusa ni 15 hana saki nihohi yama mireba mi no tomoshiku kaha mireba mi no sayakeku 20 mono goto ni sakayuru toki to meshi tamahi akirame-tamahi shikimaseru 25 Naniha no miya ha kikoshimesu yomo no kuni yori tatematsuru mi-tsuki no fune ha 30 Horiye yori miwo-biki shi-tsutsu asa nagi ni kaji hiki nobori yufu shiho ni 35 sawo sashi-kudari ajimura no sawaki kihohite hama ni idete una-hara mireba 40 shiranami no yahe woru ga uhe ni ama wo-bune harara ni ukite oho-mi-ke 45 tsukahematsuru to wochi-kochi ni isari-tsurikeri sokidaku mo ogironaki ka mo 50 kokibaku mo yutakeki ka mo koko mireba ubeshi kami yo yu hazhimekerashi wo. 55

50 ogironaki, a doubtful word—vast, boundless.

52 yutakeki, abundant, prosperous.

For oshiteru see List m. k.

260

Ashigara no 1 mi saka tamahari kaheri-mizu are ha kuye-yuku arashi-wo mo 5 tashi ya habakaru Fuha no seki kuyete wa ha yuku muma no tsume Tsukushi no saki ni 10 chimari wite are ha ihahamu moromoro ha sakeku to mawosu kaheri-ku made ni. 15

2 ta-mahari, ta is intensitive (as in ta-motohori). This lay is in the dialect affected by officials in the Adzuma (Eastland).

4 kuye = koye.

5 arashi-wo, vir ferox, fortis (masurawo).

5, 6 Descriptive of Fuha no seki.

8 = tachi yo, &c.

10 This line is epithetical of tsuku (stamp, as hoofs do); part of place-name, Tsukushi.

11 chimari = tomari.

Maki XX, Naka

261

Sakimori no kokoro ni narite omohi wo nobite yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1 mikoto kashikomi tsuma wakare kanashiku ha aredo masurawono 5 kokoro furi-okoshi tori-yosohi kado-de ha sureba tarachineno haha ha kaki-nade 10 wakakusano tsuma ha tori-tsuki tahirakeku ware ha ihahamu masakikute 15 haya kaheri-ko to ma-sode mochi namida wo nogohi musebitsutsu koto-dohi sureba 20 muratorino ide-tachi-kate ni todokohori kaheri-mishitsutsu iya toho ni 25 kuni wo ki-hanare iya taka ni yama wo koye-sugi ashigachiru Naniha ni ki-wite 30 yufu shiho ni fune wo ukesuwe asa-nagi ni he muke kogamu to samorafu 35 waga woru toki ni haru kasumi shima-mi ni tachite tadzuganeno kanashiku nakeba 40 haro-baro ni ihe wo omohi-de ohi so-ya no soyo to naru made nageki tsuru ga mo. 45

18 nogohi = nuguhi.

43 so-ya, war-arrows, as distinct from hunting-arrows.

44 soyo, noise of rustling—is there a quibble here?—soya, soyo, one fears there is.

For masurawono, tarachineno, wakakusano, muratorino, ashigachiru, tadzuganeno see List m. k.

262

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo noburu uta.

Ohokimi no 1 make no manimani saki-mori ni waga tachi-kureba hahasobano 5 haha no mikoto ha mi mo no suso tsumi-age kaki-nade chichinomino chichi no mikoto ha 10 takudzununo shirahige no uhe yu namida tari nageki notabaku kako zhi mono 15 tada hitori shite asa-to-de no kanashiki aga ko aratamano toshi no wo nagaku 20 ahi-mizu ha kohishiku arubeshi kefu dani mo koto-tohi semu to woshimitsutsu 25 kanashibi imase wakakusano tsuma mo kodomo mo wochi kochi ni saha ni kakumi wi 30 harutorino kowe no samayohi shirotaheno sode naki nurashi tadzusahari 35 wakare kate ni to hiki-todome shitahishi mono wo ohokimino mikoto kashikomi 40 tamahokono michi ni ide-tachi woka no saki i-tamuru goto ni yorodzu tabi 45 kaheri-mi shitsutsu harobaro ni wakare shi kureba omofu sora yasuku mo arazu 50 kofuru sora kurushiki mono wo utsusemino yo no hito nareba tamakiharu 55 inochi mo shirazu unahara no kashikoki michi wo shima-dzutahi i-kogi watarite 60 ari-meguri waga kuru made ni tahirakeku oya ha imasane tsutsumi-naku 65 tsuma ha matase to Suminoye no aga sume kami ni nusa matsuri inori maushite 70 Naniha tsu ni fune wo ukesuwe yaso ka nuki kako totonohete asabiraki 75 wa ha kogi-denu to ihe ni tsuge koso.

5, 6 sound-play, hahaso-ba, haha. hahaso = Quercus dentata.

9, 10 sound-play, chichi no mi, chichi no mi[koto]. chichi no ki = ichô = Ginkgo biloba (maiden-hair tree).

11 takudzunu is m. k. of shira[hige].

15 kako = shika (no) ko.

44 i-tamuru = i-tamotohoru.

73 ka = kaji.

For chichinomino, takudzununo, aratamano, wakakusano, harutorino, shirotaheno, ohokimino, tamahokono, utsusemino, tamakiharu see List m. k.

Maki XX, Shimo

263

Yagara wo satosu uta.

Hisakatano 1 ama no to hiraki; Takachiho no take ni amorishi Sumerogi no 5 kami no mi yo yori hazhi-yumi wo tanigiri motashi makagoya wo tabasami sohete 10 Ohokume no masuratake-wo wo saki ni tate yuki tori-ohose yama kaha wo 15 iha-ne sakumite fumi tohori kuni-magi shitsutsu chihayaburu kami wo kotomuke 20 matsurohanu hito wo mo yahashi haki-kiyome tsukahematsurite Akitsushima 25 Yamato no kuni no Kashibara no Unebi no miya ni miya-bashira futoshiritatete 30 ame no shita shirashimeshikeru Sumerogi no ama no hitsugi to tsugite kuru 35 kimi no miyo miyo kakusahanu akaki kokoro wo sumera he ni kihame tsukushite 40 tsukahekuru oya no tsukasa to kotodatete sadzuke-tamaheru umi no ko no 45 iya tsugitsugi ni miru hito no katari tsugitete kiku hito no kagami ni semu wo 50 atarashiki kiyoki sono na so ohoroka ni kokoro omohite muna koto no 55 oya no na tatsuna Ohotomo no uji to na ni oheru masurawo no tomo.

8 ta-nigiri, ta is emphatic.

18 kuni-magi appears to mean, opening the country.

20 kotomuke.

22 yahashi, quell.

39 he = kata.

45 umi no ko, progeny, descendants.

48 Note the rare form tsugitete (tsugitsutsu).

53 Seems to = ohohoshiku, with omofu, treat lightly.

55 muna koto = munashiki kotoba.

56 oya no na wo tatsuna = expose not the family name.

For hisakatano, chihayaburu, Akitsushima see List m. k.

264

Mi tose to ifu toshi mutsuki no tsukitachi no hi Inaba no kuni no matsurigoto-tono nite tsukasa hitora wo ahesuru no utage no uta hitotsu ohari no mizhika uta.

Aratashiki 1 toshi no hazhime no hatsu haru no kefu furu yuki no iya shige yogoto. 5

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