Plan of Chicago

INDEX

Reading edition

Advertising, regulation of, 127, 131, 132, 140.

Algonquin, 40.

Alvord, John W., his paper on good roads, 39 (note);

his report on Chicago pavements, 83.

American cities, centers of industry and traffic, 4.

Annapolis, Md., laid out on lines similar to those proposed by Wren for London, 29.

Ancient civilization, decay of, 13.

Antwerp, 100;

the influence of the Rubens collection on, 116;

treatment of the river banks in, 116.

Apartment houses, 33, 34.

Arc de Triomphe de l’Etoile, Paris, begun by Napoleon I, finished by Louis Phillippe, 17.

Arc du Carrousel, Paris, 17.

Architects, present plans for World’s Columbian Exposition, 6, (note);

should work together in street building, 86.

Architectural Record, quoted, 18.

Armour Institute of Technology, 120.

Arnold, Bion J., estimates increase in the population of Chicago, 33.

Art, a source of wealth and moral influence, 116.

Art Institute, the Lake Front improvements presented at, 6;

students at, 109;

new building for, 114;

cost of, 120, 121.

Art Schools, 34.

Ashland Avenue, 117.

Atlantic Monthly Magazine, quoted, 19.

Athens, works of Pericles in, 11;

characteristics of architecture in, 11;

the Acropolis, 117.

Athletic Field, proposed location on the lake front, 116.

Aurora, 40.

Austria, finds new strength in union with Hungary, 19.

Automobiles, damage to roads by, 39;

promote suburban life, 42, 46.

Avenue, the, character of, 82;

division of traffic on, 84;

use of the ellipse in, 90.

Babylon, the greatest commercial city of ancient times, 10;

description of, 10.

Baltic, the, yachtmen of, 52.

Baltimore, improvements in, 28.

Baguio, summer capital of the Philippines, plan for, 29.

Batavia, 40.

Baths, in Rome, accommodations of, 13.

Baumeister, German city-builder, 21, (note).

Baxter, Sylvester, secretary of Metropolitan Improvement Commission, Boston, 20.

Beauty, Greek passion for, 11;

commercial advantages of, 110.

Berlin, rapid growth of, 1;

physical conditions in, 14;

parks of, 49, 80;

building restrictions in, 107.

Bill-boards, 41, 131, 140.

Blue Island, 40, 41.

Board of Local Improvements, powers of, 133.

Boating facilities, need of increased, 115.

Bois de Boulogne, 48.

Bois de Vincennes, 48.

Bond issues for improvements, 151.

Boston, defenses of, 9;

cost of park system, 27;

metropolitan sewage and park commissions, 38;

extension of streets, 38;

extent of park system, 49;

apartment houses in, 88;

improvements in Back Bay district, 108, 110.

Boulevard, character of, 82.

Boulevards of Chicago, 84, 93, 120.

British Museum, 110.

Brown, Glenn, Secretary American Institute of Architects, 21, (note).

Brussels, boulevards in, 20, 90.

Budapest, commercial progress of, 19;

treatment of the Danube in, 116.

Buildings, regulation of the height of, 141.

Building lines, 127.

Burnham, Daniel H., 6 (note);

plan for San Francisco, 28.

Burns, John, town-planning scheme of, 22, 128.

Bushy Park, London, 48.

Chicago, rapid growth of population, 1;

realizes that a city plan is necessary, 1;

the plan presented the result of experience, 2;

justification of the plan, 4;

legal aspects of plan, 127-156;

Chicago a center of industry and traffic, 4;

future greatness, 4;

public spirit, 4;

understands the necessity of experts, 4;

results of the World’s Fair, 6;

plans for improvement of the Lake front, 6;

Merchants Club begins plan, 7;

prosperity the result of comprehensive plan, 8;

the Spirit of Chicago, 8;

a typical example of a palisaded town, 9;

surroundings similar to those of Paris, London and Berlin, 14;

opportunity for systematic improvement, 15;

population greater than that of Paris when Haussmann’s work began, 18;

nature of the Chicago problem, 30;

the metropolis of the Middle West, 31;

extent of city’s influence, 32, 34;

probable growth, 32, 33;

size of the city not the first consideration, 32;

lack of foresight after the fire of 1871, 32;

B. J. Arnold’s estimates of growth of population, 33;

James J. Hill’s prophecy as to growth, 33;

circulation of Chicago newspapers, 33;

bank reserves, 33;

commercial influence, 34;

political headquarters, 34;

responsibilities of the city, 34;

Commission to lay out territory adjoining the city, 34;

provision should be made for public buildings and playgrounds, 35;

churches, 36;

suburbs, 36;

need of highways into surrounding country, 38;

building of good roads, 39;

highways surrounding the city, 40, 41;

streets of Chicago, 43;

beginnings of park system, 43;

park area second to that of Philadelphia, 44;

park extension begins, 44;

small parks, 44, 54;

proposed arrangement of new parks, 44;

park area relative to population, 44;

park circuits, 45;

recommendations of Special Park Commission, 46;

development of suburban railway service, 46;

need for outlying parks, 47;

compared with London, 48;

opportunities for large parks, 50;

development of Lake front, 50;

yachting, 52;

Chicago made largely by the railroads, 61;

problem of freight traffic, 61;

necessity for revising transportation facilities, 62;

only goods to be consumed in city should enter therein, 63;

a traffic clearing-house proposed, 64;

railway and water traffic compared, 64;

relief from congestion of traffic, 65;

harbors, 65;

tunnel system, 65;

a loop system, 66;

excursion piers, 68;

circuits for freight and passenger traffic, 68;

passenger stations, 70, 71;

locations of passenger stations, 72, 112;

street-car loop system, 73;

extension of business area, 74;

suburban passenger traffic, 74;

mail service, 76;

ideal nature of proposed transportation system, 78;

natural features of Chicago, 79;

how effective results may be obtained, 80;

needs of the growing city, 80;

adequate circulation and sufficient park area essential, 80;

cost of postponing improvements in circulation system, 81;

report on street paving, 83;

existing diagonals, 84;

location of the city, 89;

advantages of rectilinear street system, 89;

circular avenues, 90;

necessity for platting outlying district, 91;

preserving width of existing avenues, 92;

circuit arteries suggested, 92;

avenues paralleling railways, 94;

diversion of traffic from the business center, 95;

proposed circuits, 95-96;

encroachments on the river, 97;

treatment of river banks, 97, 112;

widening of streets, 97;

requisites for area outside the business center, 98;

the heart of Chicago, 99;

spread of population, 99;

disposition of traffic within the business center, 99;

Michigan Avenue the base line of the city, 100;

width of streets, 100;

bridge at Michigan Avenue, 105;

expenditures for permanent improvements, 107;

the improvement of Halsted Street, 107; slums of the city, 108;

Berlin an example for housing conditions, 109;

opportunity for comprehensive treatment of the central portion of the city, 110;

development of Grant Park, 110;

economy and effectiveness of group-plan for Grant Park, 111;

a yacht harbor, 111;

gifts by citizens should be encouraged, 112;

Congress Street as the grand axis, 113;

reasons for choice of Congress Street for grand axis, 113, 114;

the civic center, 115;

buildings composing civic center, 115, 116;

dome of civic center, 116, 118;

Federal group of buildings, 117;

increase in real estate values, 119;

raising street levels, 120;

creation of the park system, 120;

purification of Lake Michigan, 120;

cost of World’s Fair, 120;

cultivation of the fine arts, 120;

influence of the universities, 120;

taxing powers, 153.

City-planning, begins in Paris, 13;

in Europe, 19;

French and German theories, 20.

Civic Center of Chicago, buildings comprising, 115;

location of, 115;

architecture of, 117;

dome of, 118;

cost of, 123;

power of park commissioners to acquire land for, 134.

Civil Law, unifying force of, 31.

Cleanliness, a necessity for the city, 82.

Cleveland, Ohio, group-plan for, 27;

cost of improvements in, 27.

Club houses for the people, 44.

Colbert, one of the Paris planners, 15, 20.

Commerce, governing motive in location of cities, 9;

beginning of in Europe, 13;

expansion of, 19;

makes art creations possible, 22.

Commercial Club, undertakes plan of Chicago, 1;

designs for Lake Front improvement presented to, 6;

consolidates with Merchants’ Club, 7;

carries on work for plan of Chicago, 7;

meetings of, 7;

discussion of good roads, 39 (note).

Condemnation, limitations on the right of, 128;

congested areas, power to open, 151.

Congress of the Confederation, 31.

Congress Street, should be developed as central axis of city, 113;

width of, 114;

its relation to Grant Park, 115.

Cook County, creates outer belt Commission, 44;

County building part of the civic center group, 116;

attempt to organize a forest-preserve district, 132;

limited powers of, 134;

taxation in, 152.

Courtland, 40.

Courts, building for, 116.

Crerar, John, endows Crerar Library, 109.

Crerar Library, 108, 114, 120.

Crown Point, 40.

Calumet Feeder, 55.

Calumet River, importance of harbor, 57.

Canal Street, location of railway stations on, 107;

widening of, 113.

Cathedral, the, embodied the highest expression of civic art, 13.

Cedar Lake, 40.

Cemeteries, Roman, 12;

characteristics of modern, 36.

Century Magazine, quoted, 21, (note).

Charles River, Mass., improvement of, 49.

Charleston, 9.

Chicago Avenue, traffic on, 116, 117.

Chicago Heights, 40.

Chicago Ridge, 41.

Chicago River, forests along, 56;

improvement of, 97;

treatment of the banks, 116.

Chicago University, 51, 120, 121.

China, opening of, 33.

Christianity, unifying force of, 31.

Churches, usually not architecturally important, 36.

City, the, formless growth of neither economical nor satisfactory, 1;

overcrowding and congestion of traffic paralyzes vital functions of, 1;

complicated problems of not beyond control of public sentiment, 1;

efforts to bring about best conditions of life in, 1;

parks the lungs of, 12;

strain of life in, 32;

opportunities for the ambitious, 33;

needs adequate circulation and sufficient park area, 80;

needs created by increase in population, 81;

reasons for growth of population, 81;

general character of, 82, 87.

Danube, the, 110, 116.

Darmstadt, 20.

Defense, governing motive in location of cities, 9.

De Kalb, 40, 47.

Department of State, facilitates work on plan of Chicago, 7.

Des Plaines River, scenery along, 40;

beauty of, 55, 90, 91.

Der Stadteban, magazine, 21, (note).

Dewey, Stoddard, on foreign money spent in Paris, 19.

Diagonals necessity for, 84;

function of, 91;

those proposed for Chicago, 92.

Diodorus, his description of Babylon, 10.

District of Columbia, L’Enfant plan extended over the entire District, 25;

plan of, 91.

(See also Washington, D. C.)

Douglas Park, 44.

Drainage Canal, 55;

cost of, 120.

Dresden, 20, 110, 116.

Driveways, extent of proposed, 58.

Dundee, 40.

Du Page County, 55.

Du Page River, 40.

Eagle Lake, 40.

Education, unifying force of in the Northwest, 32.

Edwards, Percy J., his history of London street improvements, 21, (note).

Egypt, defended by deserts, 10;

pyramids and temples of, 10.

Electric railways bind outlying towns to central city, 42;

promote neighborliness, 42.

Elgin, 40.

Eliot, President, Charles W., quoted, 123.

Ellis Park, 43.

Elmhurst, 40.

Eminent domain, exercise of power of, 129, 140, 141, 142;

right to take more than necessary lands, 144, 151.

England, beginning of national life in, 13;

growth of commerce, 19;

housing schemes, 21, 128;

town planning, 21, 22, 34;

holds Northwestern posts after the Revolution, 31;

roads, 39;

regulation of advertising, 127.

Epping Forest, 48.

Evanston, 40, 50.

Evergreen Park, 56.

Euphrates River, tunnel under, 10.

Europe, national life begins in, 13;

changes in cities, 19, 22.

Federal Building in Chicago, 117.

Ferguson Monument Fund, 121.

Field, Marshall, gives Field Museum of Natural History to Chicago, 108.

Field Museum, the importance of, 108, 114;

new building for, 114;

location of, 121.

Fischer, Prof. Theodore, German city-builder, 21, (note).

Flag Creek, 55.

Florence, beauty and power of, 13, 20.

Folleston, 40.

Fontainebleau, Forest of, 48.

Foreign peoples in Chicago, 1.

Forest parks, 53, 131, 136.

Fort Dearborn, 115.

Fortifications, in relation to cities, 9;

changed into boulevards, 90.

Fountains, location of, 86.

Fox River, 40.

France, beginning of national life in, 13;

leads the world in art and taste, 19;

improvement of cities, 19;

roads, 39.

Franco-Prussian war, improvements in European cities since, 19.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, 20.

Franklin, Benjamin, his connection with the Northwest, 31.

Ganges River, 10.

Garfield Park, 44.

Gary, 40, 58.

Geneva, 40.

Genoa, 40.

German city improvements, nature of, 20;

modification of French system, 20;

aim of to produce variety and interest, 20;

in Frankfort-on-the-Main, 20;

advertising regulations, 127.

Germany, beginning of National Life in, 13.

Germany, effect of peace on, 19;

magnitude of the city-planning movement in, 21 (note);

municipal expositions, 21, (note).

Gibbs Woods, 54.

Gifts by public-spirited citizens, advantage of to a city, 110, 116.

Glencoe, entrance to park system at, 54, 55.

Glenview Golf Club, 55.

Good Roads, economic effects of, 42.

(See also highways.)

Governor of Illinois inspects work on plan of Chicago, 7.

Government, enlarged participation of people in, 1.

Grade crossings of railroads, 71.

Grant Park, improvement of, 6, 44, 52;

proposed treatment of, 108;

grouping of buildings in, 109, 114, 115;

intellectual center of Chicago, 116.

Grant, Gen. U. S., embodiment of the spirit of the Middle West, 32.

Great Lakes, 32.

Griffith, 40.

Gurlitt, Cornelius, as to German city-planning, 20, 21.

Hainault Forest, London, 48.

Hall of Records, 116.

Halsted Street, longest business street in the world, 106;

treatment of, 106;

known as the king of streets, 106, 117.

Hamburg, 20.

Hammond, 40.

Hampton Court, England, 48.

Harbors, in Chicago, 65, 68.

Harlem, 55.

Hartford, improvement of, 29.

Harvard Medical School, location of, 115.

Harvey, 40.

Haussmann, George Eugene, becomes prefect of the Seine, 17;

his place as a city builder, 18;

builds on the foundations laid by Louis XIV., 18;

character of his work, 18;

cost of his improvements, 19;

imitation of, 19.

Heart of Chicago, the, 99, 110 (see also Business Center).

Henley, regattas at, 48.

Highways, necessity for adequate, 38;

commercial advantages of, 38;

along railways, 41, 94;

drainage of, 41;

proposed system of, 121;

cost of creating, 121 (see also Roads).

Hill, James J., predicts future population of Chicago, 33;

on improvement of railway terminals, 62.

Hinsdale, 40.

Hobart, 40.

Holidays, necessity of caring for crowds on, 88.

Housing conditions in England, 21;

in Chicago, 113, 141.

Hudson Palisades, improvement of, 38.

Humboldt Park, 44.

Hungary, 19.

Hunt, Richard M., presents plan for Administration building at World’s Fair, 6 (note).

Illinois, good roads in, 39;

park legislation, 44, 127;

tendency toward city life in, 47;

constitutional limitations on improvements, 128.

Illinois Central Railway, 52.

India, 10.

Indian country of North America, settlement of, 9.

Indiana, coöperation of, 130.

Indians in the Northwest, 31.

Irrigation of western lands, 33.

Italy, 13, 19.

Jackson Park, site of World’s Columbian Exposition, 6, 44, 53.

Japan, opening of, 33.

Jay, John, pertinacity of on behalf of the Northwest, 31.

Jefferson Park, 43.

Jefferson, Thomas, aids L’Enfant in planning Washington, 23, 25.

Joliet, 40.

Johnson, A. N., Illinois State Highway Commissioner, as to good roads, 39 (note).

Juniper, suitable for lake shore planting, 38.

Kankakee, 40.

Kankakee River, 40.

Kansas City, improvement of, 29.

Kenilworth, 130.

Kenosha, 39, 40, 47.

Kew Gardens, 48.

La Crosse, 40.

Lagoons, along Lake Front, 52.

Lake Calumet, 55;

park reservations near, 57.

Lake Forest University, 120.

Lake Front, improvement of suggested by World’s Columbian Exposition, 6;

testimony as to advantages of to Chicago, 6;

progress of plan for, 6;

favored by press, 7;

of right belongs to the people, 50;

to be made from city waste, 50, 122;

improvement of, 122;

legislation for improvements, 137, 138.

Lake Michigan, driveway along shore of, 38;

beauty of, 50;

boating on, 51;

treatment of shores, 53.

Lake Zurich, 40, 60.

Lanciani, L., his description of ancient Rome, 13.

La Porte, 40.

La Salle Street, improvement of, 107, 113.

L’Enfant, Peter Charles, makes plan of Washington, 23, 49, 91.

Le Nôtre, plans of for Paris, 15.

Libertyville, 40.

Lincoln Park, 43, 44, 135, 136.

Lincoln, Abraham, embodiment of the spirit of the Middle West, 34;

Saint-Gaudens’ statue of, 112.

Little Calumet River, 55.

London, physical conditions in, 14;

street changes, 20;

cost of delaying improvements in, 21;

opportunities offered by the Great Fire of 1666, 21;

Sir Christopher Wren’s plan of, 21;

cost of recent improvements in, 21;

cost of proposed new thoroughfares, 21;

suburbs, 34;

police jurisdiction, 37;

rehousing of working people, 37, 107, 128;

recreation grounds, 48;

monuments, 80;

housing conditions, 113;

treatment of Thames, 116;

influence of National Gallery and British Museum, 116.

London Traffic Commission, plan for diminishing congestion, 21.

Louisburg, Cape Breton, a fortified city, 9.

Louis XIV., of France, plan of Paris, 14;

his plan a model in Europe, 19, 22, 87, 91.

Louis Phillippe, finished Arc de Triomphe, 17.

Los Angeles, Cal., expenditure for roads, 39 (note).

Lutetia, original name of Paris, 14.

Mackinac, defenses of, 9.

Mail service of Chicago, 76.

Manhattan, 40.

Manila, improvement of, 29.

Manufacturers, buildings for, 86.

Marengo, 40.

Massachusetts, good roads in, 39 (note);

metropolitan park commission, 131.

Maysville, 40.

McHenry, 40.

Media, 10.

Merchants’ Club, Lake Front Improvements presented to, 7;

arranges for complete plan of Chicago, 7;

consolidates with Commercial Club, 7.

Metropolitan Art Museum, New York, 115.

Michigan Avenue, the base line of Chicago, 100;

traffic on, 100; proposed improvement of, 100;

grades of, 102;

elevation of, 103;

necessity for open spaces, 115, 117;

the city has power to improve, 136.

Michigan City, 40, 47.

Middle Ages, conditions prevailing among European cities, 19, 31.

Middle West, limits of, 31;

Chicago the metropolis of, 31;

its distinct history, 31;

extent of, 32;

navigable waters of, 32;

phenomenal growth of, 32;

meaning of term, 33.

Milan, 20, 90.

Miller, John S., on maintenance and repair of Chicago streets, 83.

Millington, 40.

Milwaukee, 38.

Minneapolis, improvement of, 28.

Mississippi Valley, development of, 33.

Mobile, 9.

Momence, 40.

Monee, 40.

Morgan, J. Pierpont, president of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, gift of, 38 (note).

Morris, 40.

Mt. Forest, 55.

Music in Chicago, 34, 120.

Nantasket Beach, Boston, bathing at, 38.

Naperville, good roads in, 39.

Napoleon Bonaparte, his belief in and work for Paris, 15, 17;

suggests improvements for London, 21.

Napoleon III., transformation of Paris under, 17.

Natural forces applied to industry, effects of, 19.

Natural scenery, desirability of for city workers, 53.

Newberry Library, 120.

New Orleans, 9.

New York, rapid growth of, 1;

defenses of, 9;

civic improvement in, 27;

railway congestion at, 62;

Riverside Drive, 116;

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 109, 116;

sudden expansion of, and waste of money in, 153.

Newspapers of Chicago, 34.

Nile, the, 10.

Niles, 40.

Noises, 74.

North Western University, 51, 120.

Norton, Prof. Charles Eliot, his characterization of Venice, 13.

Nuisances, 141.

O’Day, Edward, editor of plan for San Francisco, 28 (note).

Ohio River, 32.

O’Meara, Dr. Barry E., his talks with Napoleon, 21.

Ordinance of 1787, 31.

Orient, rapid growth of cities in the, 1.

Outer belt of parks, scheme for, 7;

Commission for, 41, 52, 121;

cost of, 123;

legislation for, 130, 133.

Pacific Coast, commercial development of, 33.

Palisades of the Hudson, commission for, 38.

Palisades of the Potomac, 49.

Palos, 56.

Panama Canal, influence of on growth of Chicago, 33.

Parks, economic effects of 51;

character of, 54.

Paris, first modern city, 14;

has reached the highest state of civic development, 14;

origin of, 14;

growth the result of commerce, 14;

plans of Louis XIV., 14;

new portions of laid out in vacant places, 14, 23;

congestion of population, 15;

grows according to a well-considered plan, 15;

improvements of Napoleon I., 15;

a center of commerce, 17;

first sidewalks in, 17;

the quays, 17;

commemorative monuments, 17;

plans of Napoleon III., 17;

transformations wrought by Haussmann, 17;

grouping of railway stations, 18;

compared with Chicago, 18;

cost of Haussmann’s improvements, 19;

civic pride, 19;

amount of foreign money spent in, 19;

Wren anticipates features of Paris plan, 21, 54;

parks, 48, 54, 87, 90, 91, 94, 108;

treatment of Seine, 116;

influence of the Louvre, 116;

commercial advantages of improvements, 124;

condemnation of land in, 128.

Paving, report of Commercial Club Committee on street paving in Chicago, 83.

Peace, results of in Europe since 1872, 19.

Pennsylvania Railroad, improvement of station buildings, 77.

People, increased participation of in government, 1;

determination to secure better conditions of life, 2.

Pericles, character of his work, 11.

Perkins, Dwight Heald, compiles report of the Special Park Commission, 44.

Persia, 10.

Peterson Woods, 54.

Philadelphia, improvements in, 28;

park system, 44.

Philippine Islands, plans for summer capital in, 29.

Pittsburg, railway congestion at, 62.

Place de la Concorde, Paris, 15.

Place de l’Etoile, Paris, 15.

Place Vendôme, Paris, 15, 87.

Plainfield, 40.

Plan of the City, necessity for, 1;

impossibility of perfection in, 2;

real test of is in its application, 2;

not an expense but a measure of economy, 4;

insures orderly growth, 4.

Planting, for Lake Shore drive, 38;

winter effects should be studied, 78.

Play grounds, need of, 35, 45;

on Lake Front, 51.

Pleasant Prairie, 40.

Plutarch, his description of the works of Pericles, 11.

Poles, disfigurement of streets by, 84.

Police Headquarters, part of the civic center group, 116.

Police power, extent of, 128, 140.

Population, density of in Chicago, 48, 115.

Post-office, 68, 76;

new building for, 117.

Potomac Park, Washington, 49.

Potomac, treatment of banks of, 110.

President’s House, (White House) the, 23.

Providence, R. I., improvement of, 28.

Public Health Department, 116.

Public Libraries, 35.

Public Library, possible location for in Grant Park, 114.

Public Schools, 35.

Public service plans for heating, lighting and power, 76.

Public Works, department of, 115.

Pullman, 58.

Pyramids of Gizeh, 10.

Quebec, a fortified city, 9.

Railway stations, treatment of, 36, 42;

in Europe, 70;

embellishment of, 77;

grouping of on Canal and Twelfth Streets, 110, 116.

Railways, dependence of Chicago on, 61;

congestion of traffic, 62;

necessity for improved terminals, 62;

necessity of combination among to secure Chicago terminals, 62, 121;

electrification of, 106; cost of scheme for terminals, 122

(see also Transportation).

Real Estate Board of Chicago, report of on Michigan Avenue, 101.

Recreation piers, 68, 115.

Residence streets, 83, 91.

Revere Beach, bathing at, 38, 49.

Richmond Park, near London, 48.

Ringstrasse, the, Vienna, 20.

River Forest, 55.

Riverside, 40, 55.

Riverside Drive, New York, 110.

Rivers, transformation of banks of, 116.

Riviera, the, 51.

Roads, John Alvord’s paper on, 39 (note);

in Buena Park, 39;

from Versailles to Chartier, 39;

English and French roads, 39;

value of good roads to the community, 39;

in Los Angeles, 39;

in Illinois, 39;

an adjunct of Chicago life, 40.

Roanoke, Va., improvement of, 29.

Robey, 41.

Rogers Park, 130.

Roman Law, unifying force of, 13.

Rome, growth of, 1;

possessed elements that characterize the modern city, 11;

parks and gardens of, 12;

rejuvenation of, 13;

baths, 13;

the Forum, 13, 117, 20;

suburbs, 34;

aqueducts, 72;

railway stations, 87.

Royal British Institute of Architects, 21 (note).

Rouen, 90.

Rue de la Paix, Paris, 15.

Rue de Rivoli, Paris, opened by Napoleon, 15.

Sag Valley, 56.

Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, opinion of architect’s meeting for the World’s Fair, 6 (note);

statue of Lincoln, 112.

Salt Creek, 55.

Sandwich, 40.

San Francisco, comprehensive plan for, 28.

Scheldt, the, 110.

Schools, location of on highways, 39, 98.

Seattle, improvement of, 29.

Seine, the, 51, 110.

Senate Park Commission, the, (Daniel H. Burnham, Charles Follin McKim, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Frederick Law Olmstead, Jr.) makes plan for park system of the District of Columbia, 25;

opposition to plan of, 25;

members of the commission also planners of World’s Columbian Exposition, 25.

Semiramis, queen of Babylon, the first city builder, 10.

Shaw, Albert, as to cost of delays in London planning, 21.

Shade, advantages of in city, 84.

Shelby, 40.

Sherman Farm, 56.

Sheridan Road, 39 (note), 57.

Sidewalks, first in Paris built by Napoleon I., 17.

Sienna, beauty and power of, 13.

Sistine Madonna, 112.

Slavery excluded from the North West territory, 31.

Slums of Chicago, 106, 129.

Smith, Edward R., on the transformation of Paris, 18.

Smoke, 71, 77, 112.

Sorbonne, the, Paris, 114.

South Chicago, 51, 52, 53.

South Park Commissioners suggest improvement of Lake Front, 6;

meeting of on Lake Front improvements, 6;

arrangement for Grant park, 114, 134.

South Parks, expansion of, 7, 44.

Special Park Commission, plan of Metropolitan Park system, 7, 44;

report of, 46.

Spirit of Chicago, the, 8.

Sport Park at Stockholm, 52.

Spring Forest, 55.

Square of the Innocents, Paris, transformation of, 93.

St. Charles, 40.

St. Louis, plan for improvement of, 28.

St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, 21.

St. Paul, Minn., improvement of, 28.

St. Peter’s Cathedral, Rome, 116.

Statues, location of, 86.

Stëubben, German city-builder, 21 (note).

Stockholm, yachting at, 52.

Stony Creek, 55.

Street plan of Chicago, cost of, 123.

Streets, the desirable width of, 83;

regulation of traffic on, 88.

Submerged lands granted for park purposes, 44.

Suburban highways, commission for, 39.

Suburbs, apt to be ugly and squalid, 35;

when attractive, 34;

connections among, 38;

residents of concerned with city communication, 41;

railway stations in, 77.

Summit, 55.

Sweden, yachting of, 52.

Swimming, exhibition of at Stockholm, 52.

Sycamore, 40.

Taxation, limitations on power of, 129, 151.

Terminal railway passenger stations in Chicago, 68.

Territory Northwest of the Ohio River, conquered by Virginia troops, 31;

retained as first territorial acquisition, 31;

diplomacy, 31;

endowed with freedom and popular education, 31.

Thames, the, London, the embankment a part of Wren’s plan, 21 (note);

use of the river on Sunday, 48, 51;

treatment of the banks, 110.

Thatchers Park, 55.

Thoroughfares, improvement of, 37.

Tigris River, 10.

Town-planning in England, 21, 34, 128.

Townships, powers of in suburban development, 130.

Trajan’s Forum in Rome, cost of, 13.

Transportation system for Chicago, suggested, 61-76;

legislation necessary for, 139.

Treaty of 1783, secures the Northwest, 31.

Trees along streets, 84.

Tuileries, gardens of the, 15.

Twelfth Street, widening of, 110, 116, 117.

Union Park, 43.

United States, consuls furnish reports on civic improvements, 7;

offices in Chicago, 117;

constitutional limitations on city planning, 127.

Valparaiso, 40.

Venice, a commercial city, 13;

canals of, 15;

St. Mark’s Square, 117.

Vernon Park, 43.

Versailles, 39;

fountains, 49.

Vicksburg, 9.

Vienna as a center of activity, 19;

follows example of Paris in planning, 20;

parks, 49, 80, 90;

boulevards, 94;

treatment of the Danube, 116.

Virginia troops conquer the Northwest, 31.

Walled towns, 9.

Washington, D. C., planned as National Capital, 22;

L’Enfant’s plan, 23;

city regarded as a unit, 23;

comprehensive character of the original plan, 23;

plan ridiculed, 23;

effect of Civil War on the city, 23;

extension of L’Enfant’s plan, 23;

plan of the Senate Park Commission, 23;

Union Station, 71, 87;

apartment houses, 88;

ownership of front yards, 92;

Potomac Quay, 116;

influence of Library of Congress, 112.

Washington, George, directs L’Enfant in planning the Federal City, 23-25.

Washington Park, 44.

Washington Square, 43.

Waterhouse, Paul, observations on London improvements, 21 (note).

Waukegan, 38, 40.

Wealth, rapid increase of in modern times, 1, 19.

Wellsboro, 40.

West Park Commissioners, project for improvement of Lake Front presented to, 6, 134.

Wheaton, connected with Chicago by good road, 39.

White House, the, 29.

Williamsburg, Va., suggests features of plan of Washington, 29.

Wilmette, 38, 53, 130.

Wilmington, 40.

Wilmot, 40.

Windsor Great Park, 48.

Winnetka, 40, 122, 130.

Winter Sports, 52.

Wisconsin, coöperation of, 130.

Women’s Club, Lake Front Improvement presented to, 6.

Woodstock, 40.

World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, origin of plan of Chicago traced to, 4;

the beginning of orderly arrangements of public buildings and grounds, 4;

results of, 6;

suggests improvements of Lake Front, 6;

spirit in which conceived, 6;

architects present plans for, 6 (note);

reasons for success of, 6;

effect of on Washington plans, 25;

impressiveness of Peristyle, 109;

cost of, 120;

indicated appreciation of good order and municipal beauty, 120.

Working classes, English schemes for housing, 21.

Wren, Sir Christopher, his plan of London anticipates certain features of Paris designs, 21;

plan of Annapolis, similar to his plan of London, 29.

Yacht harbor, on lake front, 52, 109, 115.

Yachting on Lake Michigan, 52.

Zoological Park, Washington, 49.

ENGRAVED AND PRINTED FOR THE COMMERCIAL CLUB OF CHICAGO, IN THE YEAR NINETEEN HUNDRED AND NINE, BY R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY, AT THE LAKESIDE PRESS, CHICAGO