Outlines of Universal History, Designed as a Text-book and for Private ReadingPart 1 — CHAPTER IV.—RELATIONS WITH PERSIA: THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN HEGEMONYReading editionChapter navigation118 reading sectionsGo to chapterChoose a chapter…Front matterPREFACE.PART I. ANCIENT HISTORY.Chapter II · —INDIAChapter V · —THE PERSIANSChapter II · —THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATESChapter IV · —RELATIONS WITH PERSIA: THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN HEGEMONYChapter II · —THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDERChapter II · —ROME UNDER THE PATRICIANS (509-304 B.C.)Chapter II · —WAR WITH PYRRHUS AND UNION WITH ITALY (282-264 B.C.)Chapter II · —CONQUEST OF MACEDONIA: THE THIRD PUNIC WAR: THE DESTRUCTION OF CORINTH (202-146 B.C.)Chapter III · —POMPEIUS AND CAESAR: THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE.PART II. MEDIAEVAL HISTORY.Chapter IV · —MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE ARABIC CONQUESTSChapter III · —INVASIONS OF THE NORTHMEN AND OTHERS: THE FEUDAL SYSTEMChapter IV · —RISE OF THE BURGHER CLASS: SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF THE CRUSADESPART III. MODERN HISTORY.Chapter II · —INVENTION AND DISCOVERY: THE RENAISSANCEChapter X · —COLONIZATION IN AMERICA: ASIATIC NATIONS: CULTURE AND LITERATURE (1517-1648)Chapter VI · —LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND RELIGIONChapter VII · —LITERATURE, ART, AND SCIENCE (1789-1815)Chapter VIII · —DISCOVERY AND INVENTION: SCIENCE AND LITERATURE: PROGRESS OF HUMANE SENTIMENT: PROGRESS TOWARDS THE UNITY OF MANKINDUNIVERSAL HISTORY.PART III. Modern History, from 1453 until the present.PART I. ANCIENT HISTORY.DIVISION I.Chapter I · CHINA.Chapter II · INDIA.Chapter I · EGYPT.Chapter IIChapter III · THE PHOENICIANS AND CARTHAGINIANS.Chapter IV · THE HEBREWS.Chapter V · THE PERSIANS.DIVISION II. EUROPE.SECTION I. GRECIAN HISTORY.Chapter I · THE PREHISTORIC AGE.Chapter II · THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATES.Chapter I · THE PERSIAN WARS.Chapter II · THE ASCENDENCY OF ATHENS.Chapter III · THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR.Chapter IV · RELATIONS WITH PERSIA.—THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN HEGEMONY.Chapter I · PHILIP AND ALEXANDER.Chapter II · THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER.SECTION II. ROMAN HISTORY.Chapter I · ROME UNDER THE KINGS (753-509 B.C.).Chapter II · ROME UNDER THE PATRICIANS (509-304 B.C.).Chapter I · CONQUEST OF THE LATINS AND ITALIANS (304-282 B.C.).Chapter IIChapter I · THE FIRST AND SECOND PUNIC WABS (264-202 B.C.).Chapter II · CONQUEST OF MACEDONIA: THE THIRD PUNIC WAR: THE DESTRUCTION OF CORINTH (202-146 B.C.).Chapter I · THE GRACCHI: THE FIRST MITHRIDATIC WAR: MARIUS AND SULLA (146-78 B.C.).Chapter II · POMPEIUS AND THE EAST: TO THE DEATH OF CRASSUS (78-53 B.C.).Chapter III · POMPEIUS AND CAESAR: THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE.Chapter I · THE REIGN OF AUGUSTUS.THE CLAUDIAN IMPERIAL HOUSE.Chapter II · THE EMPERORS OF THE AUGUSTAN HOUSE.Chapter III · THE FLAVIANS AND THE ANTONINES.Chapter IV · THE EMPERORS MADE BY THE SOLDIERS: THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.PART II. MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.Chapter I · CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE: THE TEUTONIC CONFEDERACIES.Chapter II · THE TEUTONIC MIGRATIONS AND KINGDOMS.Chapter III · THE EASTERN EMPIRE.Chapter IV · MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE ARABIC CONQUESTS.Chapter I · THE CARLOVINGIAN EMPIRE TO THE DEATH OF CHARLEMAGNE (A.D. 814).Chapter II · DISSOLUTION OP CHARLEMAGNE'S EMPIRE: RISE OF THE KINGDOMS OF FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY.Chapter III · INVASIONS OF THE NORTHMEN AND OTHERS: THE FEUDAL SYSTEM.Chapter I · THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE: PREDOMINANCE OF THE EMPIRE: TO THE CRUSADES, A.D. 1096.Chapter II · THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE: PREDOMINANCE OF THE CHURCH: TO THE END OF THE CRUSADES, A.D. 1270.Chapter III · ENGLAND AND FRANCE: THE FIRST PERIOD OF THEIR RIVALSHIP (1066-1217).Chapter IV · RISE OF THE BURGHER CLASS: SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF THE CRUSADES.PERIOD IV. FROM THE END OF THE CRUSADES TO THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE. (A.D. 1270-1453.)Chapter I · ENGLAND AND FRANCE: SECOND PERIOD OP RIVALSHIP: THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (A.D. 1339-1453).THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE THREE NORTHERN KINGDOMS BEFORE THE UNION OF CALMAR.Chapter II · GERMANY: ITALY: SPAIN: THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES: POLAND AND RUSSIA: HUNGARY: OTTOMAN TURKS: THE GREEK EMPIRE.Chapter III · THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN ASIA.PART III. MODERN HISTORY.Chapter I · FRANCE: ENGLAND: SPAIN: GERMANY: ITALY: THE OTTOMAN TURKS: RUSSIA: THE INVASIONS OF ITALY.Chapter II · INVENTION AND DISCOVERY: THE RENAISSANCE.PERIOD II. THE ERA OF THE REFORMATION. (1517-1648)Chapter I · THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY, TO THE TREATY OF NUREMBERG (1517-1532).Chapter II · THE REFORMATION IN TEUTONIC COUNTRIES: SWITZERLAND, DENMARK, SWEDEN, ENGLAND.Chapter III · THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY, FROM THE PEACE OF NUREMBERG TO THE PEACE OF AUGSBURG (1532-1555).Chapter IV · CALVINISM IN GENEVA: BEGINNING OF THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION.Chapter V · PHILIP II., AND THE BEVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS.Chapter VI · THE CIVIL WARS IN FRANCE, TO THE DEATH OF HENRY IV. (1610).Chapter VII · THE THIRTY-YEARS' WAR, TO THE PEACE OP WESTPHALIA (1618-1648).FRANCE.—THE BOURBON KINGS.THIRD STAGE IN THE WAR (1632-1648).Chapter VIII · SECOND STAGE OF THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND: TO THE DEATH OF ELIZABETH (1547-1603).Chapter IX · THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION AND THE COMMONWEALTH (1603-1658).Chapter X · COLONIZATION IN AMERICA: ASIATIC NATIONS; CULTURE AND LITERATURE (1517-1648).ASIATIC NATIONS.Chapter I · THE PREPONDERANCE OF FRANCE: FIRST PART OF THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV. (TO THE PEACE OF RYSWICK, 1697): THE RESTORATION OF THE STUARTS: THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1688.Chapter II · WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION (TO THE PEACE OF UTRECHT, 1713); DECLINE OF THE POWER OF FRANCE: POWER AND MARITIME SUPREMACY OF ENGLAND.Chapter III · THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR: THE FALL OP SWEDEN: GROWTH OF THE POWER OF RUSSIA.Chapter IV · WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION; GROWTH OP THE POWER OF PRUSSIA: THE DESTRUCTION OF POLAND.Chapter V · CONTEST OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA: WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.Chapter VI · LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND RELIGION.PERIOD IV. THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. (1789-1815.)Chapter I · FROM THE ASSEMBLING OF THE STATES GENERAL TO THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. (1789-1793).Chapter II · FROM THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. TO THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE (JAN. 21, 1793-JULY 27, 1794).Chapter III · FROM THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE TO THE EMPIRE OF NAPOLEON (1794-1804).Chapter IV · FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE EMPIBE TO THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN (1804-1812).Chapter V · FROM THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN (1812) TO THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1814-15).Chapter VI · AMERICAN HISTORY IN THIS PERIOD (1789-1815).Chapter VII · LITERATURE, ART, AND SCIENCE (1789-1815).PERIOD V. FROM THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) TO THE PRESENT TIME.Chapter I · EUROPE, FROM THE CONGRESS OP VIENNA (1815) TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1830.Chapter II · EUROPE FROM THE REVOLUTION OF 1830 TO THE REVOLUTIONARY EPOCH OF 1848.Chapter III · EUROPE, FROM THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 TO THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1866).Chapter IV · EUROPE, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR TO THE END OF THE FRANCO-GERMAN WAR (1866-1871).Chapter V · EUROPE, THE THIRD FRENCH REPUBLIC, AND THE UNION OF ITALY (1871-).Chapter VI · THE UNITED STATES (1815-1890): MEXICO: SOUTH AMERICAN STATES: EASTERN ASIA.Chapter VII · THE LAST DECADE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.Chapter VIII · DISCOVERY AND INVENTION: SCIENCE AND LITERATURE: PROGRESS OF HUMANE SENTIMENT: PROGRESS TOWARD THE UNITY OF MANKIND.Previous chapter ←Part 1 — Chapter II · —THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATESNext chapter →Part 1 — Chapter II · —THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDERAll chapters and sections (118)Opening pagesFront matterOther sectionsPREFACE.Parts1Part 1 · Chapters252422223Parts2Part 2 · Chapters434Parts3Part 3 · Chapters210678Part 3 · Other sectionsUNIVERSAL HISTORY.Part 3 · Parts3Part 1 · Parts1Part 1 · Other sectionsDIVISION I.Part 1 · Chapters1212345Part 1 · Other sectionsDIVISION II. EUROPE.SECTION I. GRECIAN HISTORY.Part 1 · Chapters12123412Part 1 · Other sectionsSECTION II. ROMAN HISTORY.Part 1 · Chapters1212121231Part 1 · Other sectionsTHE CLAUDIAN IMPERIAL HOUSE.Part 1 · Chapters234Part 2 · Parts2Part 2 · Chapters12341231234Part 2 · Other sectionsPERIOD IV. FROM THE END OF THE CRUSADES TO THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE. (A.D. 1270-1453.)Part 2 · Chapters1Part 2 · Other sectionsTHE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR:THE THREE NORTHERN KINGDOMS BEFORE THE UNION OF CALMAR.Part 2 · Chapters23Part 3 · Parts3Part 3 · Chapters12Part 3 · Other sectionsPERIOD II. THE ERA OF THE REFORMATION. (1517-1648)Part 3 · Chapters1234567Part 3 · Other sectionsFRANCE.—THE BOURBON KINGS.THIRD STAGE IN THE WAR (1632-1648).Part 3 · Chapters8910Part 3 · Other sectionsASIATIC NATIONS.Part 3 · Chapters123456Part 3 · Other sectionsPERIOD IV. THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. (1789-1815.)Part 3 · Chapters1234567Part 3 · Other sectionsPERIOD V. FROM THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) TO THE PRESENT TIME.Part 3 · Chapters12345678PERIOD III. THE MACEDONIAN ERA.← CHAPTER II.—THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATESCHAPTER II.—THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER →