Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk

INDEX.

Reading edition

Acorus verus, 58

Acus, Needlefish, 40, 41, 66

Adders, 55

Addercock, 66

Alcedo ispida, 21

Allis Shad, 42 (note)

Alni carptor, 76

Amber, 63, 88

Alosa, 42

Anas arctica, 17, 73

Anas macrolophos, 82, 88

Anas alis oculatis, 80

Anatula, 76, 79

Anglorum, Sand Eel, 44

Apiaster, 73

Aphia cobites, 42

Appendix A., 86

Appendix B., 90

Appendix C., 95

Appendix D., 96

Aquila Gesneri, 3, 67, 87

Ardea stellaris, 17

Arcuata, 23

Armed Bull-head, 41 (note), 62, 65, 87

Avicula Maialis, 19, 66

Ascidians, 50 (note)

Aselli, 43

Asprage, 45

Aspredo, 53, 83, 88

Astacus, 46, 57

Atherine?, 42 (note), 73

Auk, Little?, 79 (note)

Avis pugnax, 20

Avis trogloditica, 26

Avocet, 24, 67

Balani, 48

Banstickle, 44

Barbel, 53

Barker, 24, 67, 73, 76

Barnacle shell, 48

Barnacle Goose, 12

Bargander, 13, 73

Bass, 43

Bearded Tit, 26 (note)

Bee-bird, 73, 76

Betulæ Carptor, 29, 73, 76

Birdcatcher, 25

Birds found in Norfolk, 1

Birds number of species, 32

Bittern, 17

Black Grouse, 28

Black Heron, 21

Black-tailed Godwit, 24 (note)

Bleak, 43, 53, 78, 81

Bones, Fossil, 91

Boyle, Robert, 85

Bream, 52

Brent Goose, 12

Brill, Bret, 45

Brittle Stars, 49

Browne, Sir Thomas— Attitude towards witchcraft, xi. (note) Collection of Eggs, 10 (note) Correspondents, viii. Drawings lost, xxv. Editions of his Collected Works, xviii. Estimation in which he was held, xvii. Letters to Merrett, xxii., 57 Letters to Dugdale, 91 Notes on Certain Birds, xx., 1 Notes on Certain Fishes, xx., 31 Observations on Migration, xvi., 2 (note) Originality, xi., xvi. Purpose for which written, xxi., 2 State of Natural Science in his day, x., xiv.

Bull-head, Armed, 41 (note), 62, 65, 87

Burbot, 54

Bustard, 18

Butcher bird, 25

Butt, 45

Buzzard, Bald, 4, 56

Buzzard, Gray, 4

Canis (Dog-fish), 36

Canis carcharias, 37 (note), 61, 86

Caprimulgus, 26, 63, 66, 87

Cancellus, 48, 62

Carcinus mænas, 46

Carp, 55

Certhia, 80

Ceruna, 53, 88

Chad, 42

Chipper, 29, 73

Chock, 26

Chough, 27

Chub, 53

Churre, 19 (note), 20

Ciconia, 10, 64, 96

Cirripeds, 48

Clams, 47

Clangula, 83, 88

Coal-fish, 43

Coble bird, 25

Cockles, 47

Cods, 43

Conger, 44

Coot, 15

Corculum, 55, 56

Cormorant, 11

Cormorant, Rock, 11

Corallines, 80

Cotta Anglorum, 79, 81

Cottus scorpius, 42

Corvus marinus, 11

Crabs, 46

Crane, 5

Crawfish, 53

Crossbill, 25

Crow, 27

Crow, Hooded, 25

Cuckoo, 20

Cuckoo Mate, 22 (note)

Culex marinus, 99

Curlew, 23

Curlew, Stone, 24

Cuttle fish, 45, 62

Cyclas, 55 (note)

Dab, 45 (note)

Dabchick, 13

Dace, 52

Dentalia, 47, 73, 77

Divers, 8 (note)

Dog-fish, 37

Dog-Whelk, 47 (note)

Dolphin, 34

Dorhawk, 26, 63, 66, 87

Dory, 41

Dotterel, Land, 19

Dotterel, Sea, 19, 73, 76, 80

Draco minor, 42 (note), 73

Dragon fly, 55 (note)

Draw Water, 28

Ducks, Wild, 13, 13 (note), 88

Duck, Golden-eye, 83

Duck, Tufted, 82

Dunlin, 19

Eagles, 3, 67, 78, 87

Echinus, 48

Eels, 54

Eels, Conger, 44

Eels, Sand, 44

Eelpout, 54

Elke, 7, 78, 80, 83, 88

Erythropus, 19

Faber marinus, 41

Fanago, 51, 74

Father Lasher, 42 (note)

Fen Cricket, 55 (note), 56

Fibula marina, 50, 61, 86

Finches, 29

Fishing Frog, 38, 64

Fishes found in Norfolk, 31

Fishes number of species, 32

Flat-fish, 45

Flies, 67, 71, 97

Fly-catcher, 73 (note), 76

Forficula, 55 (note), 56

Fucus marinus, 71, 75

Fulica Cotta, 14

Fungi, various, 60, 61, 86

Funduli fluviatiles, 54

Funduli marini, 42

Gallinula aquatica, 15

Gannet, 7, 13

Gammarus, 53

Garfish, 40, 66

Garrulus Bohemicus, 68

Garrulus Argentoratensis, 30, 63, 67, 87

Geese, 12, 13

Gladius, 36, 64, 88

Glot, Eel, 54

Gnatts or Knots, 19

Goatsucker, 26, 63, 66, 87

Gobies, 42 (note)

Godwit, 19, 24

Gold-crested Wren, 29 (note), 76

Golden Eagle, 3 (note), 67

Golden-eye Duck, 84 (note), 88

Goldfinch, 29

Goosander, 13, 72, 83 (note)

Goodyer, John, 59

Grampus, 33, 92

Great Northern Diver, 8

Green Plover, 19 (note), 20

Grey Plover, 20

Grebe, G. Crested, 13

Grebe, Little, 13

Grouse, Black, 28

Gryllotalpa, 55 (note), 56

Gudgeon, 54

Guillemot, 84 (note), 88

Gulls, 8, 9, 10

Gurnards, 39

Gurney, Anna, xx.

Haddock, 43

Hard-worm, 55, 56

Harriers, 4, 5 (note)

Hawfinch, 25

Hermit Crabs, 48

Herons, 17

Heron, Black, 22

Heron, Purple, 22 (note)

Heathpoult, 28

Herring, 39

Hippolyte varians, 53

Hirundo marina, Sea Swallow, 10

Hirudines marini, Sea Leeches, 50

Horse-leeches, 55 (note), 56

Horse Mackerel, 39

Hobby, 78

Hobby-bird, 22

Hoopoe, 23, 67

Hooded Crow, 26

How, Dr. William, 59 (note)

Hydrocantharus, 55 (note), 56

Hydrozoa, 70

Jackdaw, 27

Jelly-fish, 50, 61, 78

Jet, 63 (note), 64, 85

Junco, 72

Kingfisher, 22

Kite, 4, 15, 27

Knots, 19

Lampern, 54

Lamprey, 54

Lanius, 25

Lapwing, 20

Lari, many sorts of, 8, 9

Larks, 28

Larus minor, 9, 73

Leeches, 50

Lesser Butcher Bird, 26 (note)

Letters to Dugdale, 91

Letters to Merrett, 57

Letters from Merrett, 86

Limpets, 47

Lingula, 45

Little Auk?, 79 (note)

Littorina, 47

Lizard, 55

Loach, 54

Lobster, 46

Lolego, 46, 62, 86

Loon, 13

Loxia, 25

Lug Worm, 50 (note)

Lump-fish, 39

Lupus marinus, 38, 61, 86

Mackerel, 43, 74

Mackerel, Horse, 39

Marine Worms, 50

May-chit, 19, 63, 66, 87

Medusae, 49 (note)

Merganser, 13, 72

Mergus acutirostris, 13

Mergus cristatus, 82, 88

Mergus major, 8, 57

Mergus minor, 13

Mergus mustelaris, 77

Mergus serratus, 18, 83

Mergulus, 77, 79

Merlin, 78

Merrett, Christopher, xxii., 57

Mistletoe, 70

Migration, xvi., 2 (note)

Miller's Thumb, 54

Minnow, 53

Mole Cricket, 55 (note), 56

Moon-fish (Mola), 38, 64

Moor Hen, 15

Morinellus, 19, 73, 76, 80

Musca tuliparum, 67, 74

Mullet, 40, 65

Mullet, Red, 40, 62, 65, 87

Mussels, 47

Musk Beetle, 58

Mustela fluviatilis, 54

Mustela marina, 39

Mustela variegata, 14

Needle-fish, 40 (note), 41, 66

Nerites, 47, 73, 77

Night-jar, 26, 63, 66, 87

Norway Lobster, 46 (note)

Notonacton, 55 (note), 56, 71

Nuthatch, 21

Oak Galls, 69, 70, 75

Octopus?, 46 (note), 86

Oldenburg, Henry, 82

Onocrotalus, 16, 64

Ophidian, 65

Osprey, 4, 78

Otters, 56

Oysters, 46

Oyster Catcher, 8 (note)

Parrot Jay, 30, 63, 67, 87

Partridge, 27

Partridge, Red-legged, 28

Pectines, 47

Pediculus marinus, 49

Pelican, 16, 64

Perch, 52

Periwinkle, 47, 55 (note), 56

Peter-fish, 41

Physalus, 49, 65

Pica marina, 8

Picus martius, 21

Pigs, Solid-footed, 77, 80, 81

Pike, 52

Pilchard, 44, 81

Pinax, 57, 87

Pintail Duck, 14, 77, 80

Piscis octangularis, 41, 62, 65, 87

Pisidium?, 55 (note)

Place, 45

Plot, Dr. Robert, xxiv. (note)

Plover, Green, 19 (note), 20

Plover, Grey, 20

Plover, Ring, 23

Pogge, 41 (note)

Polypus, 46, 86

Porbeagle, 57 (note), 61, 86

Porpoise, 34

Porci solidi pedes, 77, 80, 81

Primmes, 42, 73

Pristis serra, 36, 83, 88

Puets, 10

Puffin, 17, 73

Pungitius, 44, 58

Quail, 28

Quercus Galls, 69, 70

Quercus marinus, 75

Querquedula, 14, 83

Rail, Land, 28

Rail, Water, 15, 79, 81

Rana piscatrix, 38, 64

Raven, 27

Rays, 45

Razor shells, 47

Red-backed Shrike, 25 (note)

Red-legged Partridge, 28

Red Mullet, 40, 62, 65, 87

Redshank, 19

Reed-chock, 72

Reseda, 59

Ringlestones, 23

Ring Plover, 23

Roach, 52

Rochet, 39

Rock Cormorant, 11

Rockling, 39 (note)

Roller, 30, 63, 67, 87

Roman Nettle, 59, 68

Rook, 27

Rudd, Roud, 52, 82

Ruff (fish), 53, 83, 88

Ruff (Reeve), 20

Rubelliones, 39

Rutilus, 82, 88

Salmon, 51, 62, 87

Sand Eel, 44

Sanderling, 19 (note), 63, 66, 87

Saurus, 40, 66

Sawfish, 36, 83, 88

Sandpiper, Common, 79

Scad, 39

Scallop, 47

Scarabæus, 58

Scarburgh, Sir C., 3 (note)

Scolopax, 41

Scolopendra, 35

Scombri, 43, 74

Scorpius, 42, 67

Scotch Goose, 12

Sea Buttons, 50, 61

Sea Dotterel, 19, 73, 76, 80

Sea Dugge, 50 (note), 51

Sea Gudgeon, 42

Sea Leach, 50

Sea Loach, 42

Sea Louse, 49

Sea Miller's Thumb, 42

Sea Mouse, 49, 65

Sea Perriwig, 70

Sea Pheasant, 14, 77

Sea Pie, 8

Sea Stars, 49, 57

Sea Trout, 62, 86

Sea Wolf, 38, 61, 86

Sea Woodcock, 40

Seal, 35, 64

Seaweeds, 70

Sepia, 45, 86

Sesamoides, 59

Shad, 42 (note)

Shag, 11

Shagreen Ray, 45

Shearwater, 12, 72

Sheld-drake, 12 (note), 13, 73

Shoeing-horn, 24

Shore Crab, 46 (note)

Shovelard, 10

Shoveller Duck, 14

Shrike, 25

Shrimp, Freshwater, 55 (note)

Silerella, 26 (note)

Siskin, 29 (note), 73, 76

Skate, 45

Skipper (Saury), 40 (note)

Skua, 8, 58

Smelt, 42

Smew, 14, 77

Snakes, 55

Sole, 45

Solens, 47

Solid-footed Swine, 77, 80, 81

Sperm Whale, 32, 65, 75, 80, 91, 98

Spermologous, 27

Spoonbill, 10

Sported Flycatcher, 73, 76

Sported Ray, 45

Sprat, 43

Squalders, 49, 50 (note), 61

Squid, 45 (note)

Squllæ, 56

Starling, 28

Stella marina, 49, 57

Stern, 10, 73

Sting-fish, 42, 65

Sting Ray, 45

Stint, 19 (note), 20

Stickleback, 44 (note), 58

Stone Curlew, 24, 67

Stork, 10, 64, 96

Sturgeon, 37

Succinum, 63

Sun-fish, 38, 64

Surmullet, 40

Swan, Wild, 7, 78, 80, 83, 88

Sweet Flag, 57

Swift, 55

Sword Fish, 36, 64, 88

Teal, 14, 83, 88

Tench, 52

Tenison, Archbishop, ix.

Terns, 10, 73

Tethya, 50 (note), 51

Thornback, 45

Tope, 37 (note)

Trachurus, 39, 58

Trout, 53

Trout, Sea, 66, 82

Tufted Duck, 82

Tunny?, 43 (note), 74

Turbines, 47

Turbot, 45

Upupa, 23, 67

Urtica marina, 49, 61, 78, 86

Urtica mas, 68

Urtica pilulifera, 59 (note)

Urtica Romana, 59

Vermes marinus, 50, 62, 66, 87

Vermes setacei, 56

Vesicaria, 50 (note), 51, 74, 79, 85, 89

Vipers, 55

Vitulus marinus, 35, 64

Water Beetle, 55 (note), 56

Water Boatman, 55 (note), 56

Water Hen, 15

Water Rail, 15, 79, 81

Waxwing, 68

Weasel Cray, 84

Weasel ling, 39, 82, 88

Weever-fish, 42 (note), 65, 67

Wesell, 14, 77

Whale, Sperm, 32, 65, 75, 90, 91, 98

Wheatear, 26 (note)

Whelk, 47

White-tailed Eagle, 3

Whiting, 43

Whinne Bird, 29, 76

Wild Duck, 14

Wild Goose, 12, 13

Wild Swan, 7, 78, 80, 83, 88

Wilkin, Simon, xviii. (note)

Willick, 84, 88

Wolf-fish, 38, 61, 86

Woodcock (fish), 41

Woodpecker, 21

Wren, Dr. Christopher, xx.

Wren, Gold-crested, 29, 76

Wryneck, 22 (note)

Xiphias, 36

Yarwhelp, 24, 73, 76

Notes in this chapter

Note 2 · There was one form of ancient authority before which Browne bowed down with absolute and unquestioning submission—the authority of the Scrip Note 4 · Simon Wilkin (1790-1862), the able editor of Sir Thomas Browne's collected works, was born at Costessey near Norwich, in the year 1790. He c Note 6 · Dr. Robert Plot (1640-1696) was born at Sutton Barne, Kent, in 1640; he graduated M.A. in 1664, and D.C.L. at Oxford in 1671. He was chiefly Note 4 · Browne seems to have had on the whole a fairly correct idea with regard to the migratory movements of the birds on the Norfolk coast where p Note 5 · The "Aquila" of Gesner here referred to is evidently the Golden Eagle, which species Browne is careful to mention that he had not met with i Note 7 · [6] It seems likely that Browne here refers to two species of Harrier, the Grey Buzzard being the male of the Hen Harrier (including of cour Note 13 · The bird here mentioned is doubtless the Great Northern Diver, Colymbus glacialis. In another place Browne again refers to it as Mergus maxi Note 14 · The Oyster Catcher, or Sea Pie, is found in greater numbers on the north-west portion of the County of Norfolk than on the eastern shore; it Note 16 · Although it has been met with in Norfolk, more frequently than perhaps in any other part of England, the Stork was never other than a rare s Note 20 · Barnacle and Brent Geese as we know them, the first by no means common here; the Wild Goose, probably Anser cinereus; the Scotch Goose (see Note 21 · This evidently refers to the Goosander, which as he says in another place most answers to the Merganser.Note 31 · Mr. Stevenson, "Birds of Norfolk," ii., p. 233, gives his reasons for coming to the conclusion that the Sanderling (Calidris arenaria) is he Note 35 · This passage is not part of the original MS., but is written on a separate slip of paper and pasted on the left-hand side of the opening (p.Note 36 · This is evidently the Wryneck, which we now call the "Cuckoo's Mate," probably for the same reason that Browne associates it with the Hobby.Note 42 · This paragraph is written on the back of fol. 16. The Yarwhelp is the name by which the Black-tailed Godwit, a species which formerly nested Note 44 · This paragraph is written on the back of fol. 16. The Red-backed Shrike, Lanius collurio, is the only species of Lanius mentioned by Browne;Note 46 · The Wheatear is here referred to; the name trogloditica would seem to be more appropriate in this country, having reference to its habits of Note 51 · In his fifth letter to Merrett Browne says, "I confess for such little birds I am much unsatisfied on the names given to many by countrymen Note 7 · Various species of Dog-fish are frequent off the Norfolk coast as elsewhere. The name "Sweet William" is applied to the larger fish of this Note 11 · Some member of the family Gadidæ is here referred to, probably the five-bearded Rockling, Motella mustela, or Brown Whistle-fish of Pennant,Note 15 · The Saurus of Rondeletius appears to be the Skipper or Saury-pike (Scombresox saurus) of modern authors. Acus major is the Gar-fish or Green Note 18 · Doubtless the Armed Bull-head, or Pogge, Agonus cataphractus. A MS. note in Berkenhout says it was called at Lowestoft a Beetle-head (1769).Note 20 · Cottus scorpius, Father Lasher, commonly taken by the shrimpers.Note 21 · Probably from its size the Lesser Weever, Trachinus vipera, as also the Draco minor of Jonstoni. A common fish in our waters. Large numbers Note 22 · One of the Gobies. Day, "Brit. Fishes," i., p. 169, supposes the Aphya cobites of Rondeletius (p. 20) to be the White Goby, A. pellucida; Pe Note 24 · The Smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, is abundant in the shallow waters and estuaries on the Norfolk coast in spring, ascending the fresh-water rive Note 26 · The latter part of this paragraph, beginning, "Sometimes they are of a very large size," is written on the left-hand side of the opening, an Note 27 · [90] Mr. E. T. Browne, of the Zoological Laboratory of University College, London, has kindly furnished me with the following notes on this Note 28 · The smallest of the genus Gasterosteus, or Stanstickles, is G. pungitius, the ten-spined Stickleback, but this fish is two inches long when Note 33 · The "asprage" (or it may be "a sprage") may possibly be the Dab, Pleuranectes limanda, which Rondeletius calls Passer asper. I do not find t Note 34 · Of the various species of the Cephalopoda, Sepia officinalis, is more often represented by its calcareous dorsal plate than by the entire an Note 36 · Probably Nephrops norvegicus, the Norway Lobster, called at Lowestoft a Crayfish or Prawn. They are sometimes brought in in large numbers by Note 37 · Carsinus mænas, the Shore-crab, a very common species on the Norfolk coast is here intended.Note 38 · Mussels and Cockles are very abundant all along the shallow shores of North-west Norfolk, as well as Clams, Mya arenaria. "Scallops of the l Note 45 · It is difficult to determine the species of marine Annelids referred to by Browne; the Sea Leech is probably Pontobdella lævis. The "large w Note 52 · Both Vipers (or Adders) and Snakes, the latter in particular, are, I imagine, much less abundant than formerly, but the few species of Lizar Note 7 · William How, 1620-1656, was the author of "Phytologia Britannica," Lond., 1650, "the earliest work on botany restricted to the plants of thi Note 9 · Urtica Romana, which is again referred to as U. mas near the end of the third letter and as being found at Gorleston, is the Roman Nettle, U Note 13 · Amber, writes Mr. Clement Reid, in a paper contributed by him to the "Trans. Norf. and Nor. Nat. Soc." (iii., p. 601), "is found on the Norf Note 21 · Probably the Spotted Flycatcher is here referred to, the prefix not being used in a technical sense; it is known here as the Beam-bird, eith Note 23 · The "draught" of this bird sent to Merrett is not forthcoming. Professor Newton has been kind enough to send me the following note on this p Note 29 · Professor Newton suggests that Browne intended to write Mergus cirratus. Aldrovandus figures the head, iii., p. 283, and that of M. longiros Note 32 · Aldrovandus's figure of "Clangula" (head only, iii., p. 224) is too indefinite for determination. He says the feet are yellow, but Jonston, Note 1 · The Greenland of those days was Spitsbergen, where they would be met with by the Whalers, but in that case the bird would be Brünnich's Guil