THE TRUTH ABOUT TREE PLANTING WITH DYNAMITE.

[Note by the Secretary.—As planting with dynamite has been especially recommended for nut trees, on account of their long tap roots which have the habit of growing down until they reach permanent water; as there has been some difference of opinion among horticulturists as to the merits of tree planting, in general, with dynamite; and in order that nut growers may know how to use this method as advised by the dynamite makers, in case they may wish to try it in setting their trees, the following description of the method advised, from the pen of Mr. George Frank Lord of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company, is here printed.]

During the past two years there has been considerable discussion in the agricultural press on the merits of dynamite in tree planting. The majority of orchardists who have tried the new method are enthusiastic over the results, but now and then we hear someone condemning the practice, and stating that they have tried it with poor results. It would appear from investigation that the theory of the use of dynamite in tree planting is a good one, but that the practice is sometimes incorrect, and hence fails to produce the desired results.

Purpose of Dynamiting for Tree Planting:

In the first place, to secure successful results it is necessary to understand clearly what the dynamiting is to accomplish. Some orchardists and farmers have the idea that the purpose of the dynamite is to excavate the hole for the tree and save them the trouble of shoveling out the soil. This is a wrong theory.

The object of dynamiting for tree planting is to break up the subsoil at a depth of from three to five feet so as to create a soil sponge or water-absorbing area twelve or twenty feet in diameter around and underneath the spot where the tree is to stand, so that the heavy rainfalls and melting snow of spring may be conserved in the subsoil to take care of the tree during the long dry summer.

If the force of the dynamite is used merely to blow out the soil and make digging unnecessary, it is unreasonable to expect the dynamite to do this underground work. On the other hand, when the charge is properly placed at a depth of about three feet and tamped in just enough to confine most of the force of the explosion in the subsoil, the blast will not only crack and pulverize the subsoil, but will also break up the ground around the bore hole clear to the surface, and throw it into the air, possibly a foot. It is then a very easy matter to excavate the hole for planting.

Necessary Soil Conditions:

There is no economy nor advantage in using dynamite in a soil that is loose and sandy to a depth of three or four feet. The weakness of this soil is that it allows water to percolate through it too rapidly, hence dynamite would be harmful rather than helpful under such conditions, but no matter how loose the top soil or plowed soil may be, if it is underlaid by more or less impervious clay, or even a heavy loam, dynamiting under proper conditions will certainly increase its water-storing capacity, and also make it easier for the roots to grow downward and deep.

The proper conditions referred to are that the blasting must be done when the subsoil is relatively dry, otherwise it will not crack or pulverize. Every farmer knows the disadvantage of plowing wet top soil. It is equally disadvantageous to blast a wet subsoil. Of course, some subsoils are always in a more or less damp condition and never get thoroughly dried out, but they may be safely and advantageously blasted when they are in their dryest condition.

Water-logged soil should never be blasted except for the purpose of ditching it or tiling it so as to get it into a proper condition for blasting. The ditching may be done economically and quickly with dynamite, and in many cases this will answer just as well as the more expensive tiling. When the ditching or tiling has drained this subsoil, it may then be safely blasted.

Filling the Pot-Holes:

In any heavy soil the explosion of the dynamite tends to form a cavity in the immediate vicinity of the cartridge, varying from one to two feet in diameter. The heavier or the wetter the subsoil, the larger this cavity is likely to be. After the blast the top soil should be shoveled out and laid to one side; next shovel out the subsoil and lay it on the other side of the hole; continue this excavation until the pot-hole is reached, then be careful to fill this hole reasonably tight with subsoil, the object being to prevent the possibility of soil falling away from the roots of a tree after planting, and leaving it suspended in the air. This is the cause of the death of trees planted in dynamited holes which some unsuccessful experimenters report. It takes a little time to fill this pot-hole, but the many advantages of planting trees properly in dynamited holes more than offset this extra time and trouble required to properly prepare the hole.

Planting the Trees:

After the pot-hole has been filled, continue to shovel in subsoil until the proper height is reached for planting the tree, then throw in half the top soil and spread the roots on that in their natural positions, then throw in the remainder of the top soil, next get in the hole and walk around the tree several times, tramping the top soil down tight around the roots so as to remove all large air spaces that surround the roots, then fill the hole to the surface with subsoil. Planting a tree in this way costs a few cents more per tree than the old way, but since the tree can only be planted once and the comparative records as to loss of trees the first year after planting, show an average advantage of 30 per cent. in favor of dynamited trees, namely, the loss is cut down from three to five trees per hundred, a dynamited tree grows so much more vigorously and produces fruit from one to two years earlier, therefore it pays to take the extra trouble and do the job right.

The editor of Successful Farming was at one time skeptical as to the use of dynamite in tree planting, but has been convinced from personal observation of its use in large commercial orchards, and from letters from various subscribers, that it is an important and valuable innovation in horticulture, provided it is used with proper care and discretion.

CORRESPONDENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN NUT CULTURE

ALABAMA Carver, George W., Director Department Research, Tuskegee Institute ARIZONA Karns, H. G., Karns Bros., Inc., Nogales ARKANSAS Shadle, E. A., England Watkins, J. A., Warren Hamilton, Ed., Wynne Meek, W. H., Hot Springs Jones, Herbert A., Plumerville St. John M., Wrightsville CALIFORNIA Payne, George C., Campbell Fitzgerald, Dr. W. W., Stockton Thornberry, Lordsburg Fuller, L. E., 1643 Sunset Blvd., San Diego Tribble Brothers Nursery Co., Elk Grove CANADA Griffith, H. K., Grimsby Berge, Miss Alice, 251 Queenston Street, St. Catherines Neller, Louisa, Grimbsy Book, Beverly, Grimsby East Fee, J. J., Niagara Street, St. Catherines Solvyne, F. D., Carlton Street, St. Catherines Titherington, James, Carlton Street, St. Catherines COLORADO Coryell, P. C., Newcastle CONNECTICUT Moore, R. D., Colchester Osborn, George S., Bristol White, T. P., Wilton Clingan, Una A., Robertsville Rockwell, F. P., Rockfall Bradley, John T., 180 Prospect Street, Bristol Bradley, Capt. Ralph, 459 W. Main Street, Meriden Martin, William, Hull Street, Bristol Brown, Ronald K., Colchester Hull, George W., Bristol Sage, Hollister, Waterbury DELAWARE Rumford, Dr., Wilmington Reed, E. B. & J. M., Frederica Tisdale, J. B., Magnolia Ellis, G. L., Millsboro Marks, Walter L., Smyrna Matthews, W. C, Room 563, duPont Bldg., Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Burkholder, 1820 M Street N. W., Washington Fales, Dr. W. D., 78 T Street N. W., Washington FLORIDA Cuzner, A. T., Gilmore GEORGIA Fows, J. William, Adjutant Professor of Horticultural, State College of Agriculture, Athens Hardman, Dr. L. G., Commerce IDAHO Gehman, S. A., Boise Coventry, Neil S., Box 95, Coeur d'Alene Temple, C. E., Agricultural Experimental Station, Moscow Cattermole, Dr. P. F., Lewiston DeHaven, James, Probate Judge, Grangeville Reed, P. O. Box 587, Weiser Konrad, Henry, P. O. Box 136, Boise ILLINOIS Burg, F. W., Dallas City King, Thomas H., 113 North Hazel Street, Danville Krause, John O., 1341 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago McCready, James, 1533 Portland Avenue, Chicago Heights Ricks, R. L., Staunton Roth, C. L., R. F. D. 3, Chenoa Newell, Jesse W., Country Life Club, Drawer 418, Girard Knapp, William, 854 No. Paulina Street, Chicago Hoffman, Frank H., 712 Federal Street, Chicago Voight, H. R., Bonfield Wells, Oscar, Farina Bunker, Gerald L., 408 So. Spring Avenue, La Grange Ernest, Otto M., 4238 Randolph Street, Chicago Reeves, C. H., Jr., 6453 Iowa Street, Oak Park Dupont, 2911 W. 39th Street, Chicago Fletcher, Joe, Zion City Lunak, Dr. Karel, 1662 Blue Island Avenue, Chicago Miller, C. Lester, Monmouth Yost, Z. F., 109½ W. Madison Street, Pontiac Poll, Carl J., 1009 Maple Street, Danville Warren, Ezra T., R. F. D. I, Atlanta Holmes, T. H., 2816 Logan Bldg., Chicago INDIANA Payatte, Charles, Columbus Pershing, Henry A., South Bend Fife, Earl H., Franklin Fisher, J. T., Franklin Stevens, S., New Ross Officer, William, Madison Sage, Thomas V., Greencastle Bone, Mrs. C. W., 140 No. Grant Street, W. Lafayette Mathers, Frank C, Indiana University, Bloomington Comstock, C. H., 1605 Talbott Avenue, Indianapolis (Interior Hardwood Co.) McNamee, H. H., Honeywell Heating Specialty Co., Wabash Waltermire, Guy, Whisler Block, Marion Cherry, William, Jr., Clinton, R. F. D. 3, Box 3, Clinton Shilts, J. H., Columbia City McGregor, D. R., Marion Summers, W. R., Georgetown IOWA Wilhelm, Roy E., Osage Haas, Alfred L., Suite 306, Utica Bldg., Des Moines Garrett, Charles O., Willow Hill Farm, R. F. D. 1, Mitchellville Rose, Morton L., Box 633, Colfax Stoddard, Dr. Charles, Boone KENTUCKY Ragland, Colby B., Frankford Pyrne, P. P., 530 Center Street, Henderson Aspinwall, F. E., Cedar Springs Farm, La Grange MAINE Wentworth, Herbert, Skowhegan Paine, G. S., Winslow MARYLAND Onion, J. L., Sharon Beall, Olin, P. O. Box 19, Frostburg Landwehr, F. W., Gambrills Strickland, C. W., Berlin Myer, E. H., Keedysville Wooden, Ernest E., 1029 Calvert Bldg., Baltimore Cox, Mrs. Annie D., Glen Morris Lankford, Mrs. Ida M., Princess Anne Bowman, W. E., Snow Hill Hudson, P. O., Harold Franklin Davis Nurseries, Baltimore Evans, H. Cecil, 126 W. 25th Street, Baltimore Kerr, Dr. Eugene, Monkton MASSACHUSETTS Chase, J. S., Maiden Pressey, C. Park, 8 Beacon Street, Boston Bridges, Herbert C., Box 246, North Cohasset Marlborough, James, Topsfield, care of T. E. Proctor Estate Stevens, Abel T., Wellesley Smith, Fred A., Director Independent Agricultural School, Hathorne Wallis, Fred H., 27 Conant Street, Beverly Schultz, Mrs. Fritz, 335 Cornell Street, Roslindale Knight, C. F., Rowley Jenks, Albert R., Hampden County Improvement League, Springfield Thrasher, Miss Mertia P., Sharon Crowell, Elkanah, Hyannis Mason, H. R., Falmouth Kimball, G. N., 10 Whitlowe Road, West Newton Graves, Louise B., 8 Chestnut Street, Boston Jones, Dr. L. A., Falmouth Bingham, Dr. Russell, Fitchburg Robbins, A. N., Puritan Fruit Co., 13 Faneuil Hall, Boston MICHIGAN Carter, Bert, Middleville Rhodes, W. E., Maple Street, Albion Wiegand, Frank J., 970 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit Foote, Mrs. W. K., Milford Miller, Orville I., Augusta Veith, Alfred C, 56 Haynes Avenue, Detroit MINNESOTA Savage, L. H., Red Wing Guinotte, 653 Lincoln Avenue, St. Paul Ramer, W. A., 1542 Hillside Avenue, No. Minneapolis MISSOURI Cloden, Charles J., Kansas City James, William H., Lock Box 174, Mountain Grove Van Realte, C., General Delivery, Sedalia Black, J. W., Silica Kirkpatrick, J. H., Richmond McKinney, J. F., Bolivar Herter, O. F., 2757 Russell Avenue, St. Louis Rust, R. S., Hardin McCrary, Byron B., El Dorado Springs Stevenson, Marion, 2710 Pine Street, St. Louis Bennington, W. M., 118 Wabash Avenue, Kansas City NEBRASKA Bessey, Charles E., Department of Botany, University of Nebraska, Lincoln Kerr, Leslie, 830 S. 21st Street, Omaha Stewart, L. L. E., Brown Block, Omaha Bicknell, Miss Lula, Randolph NEVADA Van Derwerker, Jerome L., Washoe County, Bank Bldg., Reno NEW HAMPSHIRE Colby, Forest, Enfield NEW JERSEY Hervey, Orlanda, Verona Hale, H. E., Preston Clark, Herbert H., Crystal Lake Morris, B. L., 179 Orving Avenue, Bridgeton Anderson, S., 612 Mt. Prospect Avenue, Newark Hampton, George, Bridgeton Pettengill, George T., 25 Essex Avenue, Orange Stevens, C. W., Jr., 13 Kirkpatrick Street, New Brunswick Goodwin, A. T., Greenwick, Cumberland County Brarens, J. E., Martinsville Sked, N. S., Pennington NEW YORK Mulligan, F. I. L., Earlville Pickering Brothers, Fairport Warren, G. W., Ilion Hospital, Ilion Baker, A. A., Hoosick Falls Towner, A. B., Fillmore Kinney, H. C, McGraw Benton, F. M., Northville Nichols, S. S., Brockport Bailey, A. L., The Birkett Mills, Penn Yan Robbins, Mrs. Howard C, 209 Madison Avenue, New York City Wells, Mrs. J. Harrae, 105 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, L. I. Whitmore, B. F., 520 Park Avenue, Rochester Moore, William C. & Co., Newark Seeley, Col. Charles, Suite 618, 1472 Broadway, New York City Siddons, H. E., 214 Glenwood Avenue, Rochester Sleight, David B., Arlington Klamroth, Wilfred, 11½ W. 37th Street, New York City Bear, C. E., P. O. Box 192, Madison Square Station, New York City Champlin, C. A., Hammondsport Bingle, C. W., 214 Marion Street, Brooklyn Fiske, Haley, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City King, John H., P. O. Box 18, Middletown Curtis, H. D., Manlius Ireland, J. J., Clarkson Tack, E. C, Newark Hyde, Fred W., 201 Main Street, Jamestown NORTH CAROLINA. Williamson, I. W., Carthage Boyce, John P., Morven Morrison, G. W., Taylorsville Hanes, F. Francis, Greensboro Howard, P. Joe, Pomona Breece, J. S., R. F. D. 6, Fayetteville Hollingsworth, W. F., Glade Valley, North Carolina School Harbeck, Dr. E. V., Weaverville McCleod, John A., Carthage Pearson, P. M., Charlotte OHIO Wilson, W. H., North Oak Street, Marion Day, William H., Hedge Hill Farm, North Lima Smith, Fred, Lima Bancroft, Allen, Garrettsville Smith, Albert M., Flushing Cox, U. T., Proctorville Leonard, Levi, Middletown Kelch, L. R., Nelsonville Witte, O. M., Amherst Sowers, W. L., Cuyahoga Falls Kircher, Fred, 221 So. McDonough Street, Dayton Cruickshank, R. B., State University, Columbus Mann, George, New Burlington, Clinton County McEndree, A. A., Superintendent Public Schools, Canal Winchester Frye, R. W., Farmdale Paulin, W. H., Poland Meyers, A. E., 14 No. Forge Street, Akron Carson, R. B., Fruit Cliff Farm, Middleport Woodmansee, Dr. R. D., 51 E. State Street, Columbus Blackford, L., Akron, R. F. D. 25, Akron Hill, George F., R. F. D. 5, Columbus Compton, William V., Loveland Denny, Mark E., Middletown Cromer, F. Gillum, 1314 No. Main Street, Dayton Stevens, C. E., P. O. Box 60, Cleveland OKLAHOMA Howell, Mrs. O. E., Oktaha OREGON Lewis, C. I., Chief Division of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Experiment Station, Corvallis Prince, Thomas, Dundee Bond, T. J. PENNSYLVANIA Falkenstein, G. N., Elizabethtown Sellier, W. H., Pequea, Lancaster County Williams, J. S., Smithton Herr, Martin, Lancaster Smith, L. M., Carbondale Deisher, H. K., Kutztown Lutes, C. C., Noxen Scott & Hill, Erie Gray, Will H., R. F. D. 3, Amity McBurney, Canonsburg, Pa. Kocher, Dr. J. F., Walberts Homer, 6½ South Street, Warren Spangenberg, Edward, 337 W. 11th Street, Erie Degelman, William C, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh Scarborough, Henry W., 522 Walnut Street, Philadelphia Heim, H. G., 508 Pine Street, Williamsport Zeller, Edwin J. P., 1228 Buttonwood Street, Philadelphia Burket, Mrs. John W., Tyrone, R. F. D., Blair County Kleffman, F. T., 1114 Twelfth Street, Altoona Brinton, William, Glen Rose, Chester County Johnston, John H., New Wilmington Dollison, H. C, 210 Spring Street, Meadville Corbett, S. W., Department International Revenue, Pittsburgh, Box 51 Kraft, H., 758 E. 10th Street, Erie Treat, Frederick H., Jr., Wayne Hazel, Boyd E., Madisonburg Ballou, C. F., Halifax Barnes, R. G., 1312 Cherry Street, Philadelphia Lawson, J. H., Kittanning Smith, Adam, Columbia, Lancaster County, R. F. D. 1 RHODE ISLAND Warren, R. W., 69 Glenham Street, Providence SOUTH CAROLINA Wiggin, J. B., Holly Hill TENNESSEE Walker, Robert S., Chattanooga Miller, I. F., Morristown Millard, Sam T., Johnson City Rodcheaver, C. A., Newport Smith, A. I., Knoxville Rose, C. E., Nashville Glasgow, C. M., Gleason Davis, R. A., Springfield UTAH Mabee, C. R., Chief Chemist, Ogden Portland Cement Company, Brigham City VERMONT Lewis, Mrs. C. A., Grafton Ingraham, Mrs. J. P., Windsor Dutton, Ira Jay, Hilltop Farm, Wardsboro VIRGINIA Barr, J. W., Norfolk Flanagan, William H., "Waddington," Elma Grove Bailey Orchard Company, Fishersville Weiss, H. W., Emporia Shands, William, Courtland Smith, John M., Middleburg Hood, W. T., Richmond Bechtel, J. A., R. F. D. 2, Williamsburg Jones, J. B., Sec'y, The Peanut Growers Assistant of Virginia, Elberon Caroer, W. N., Cismont Nourse, H. O., Lyndehurst Duke, W. R., Charlottesville Long, A. R., Krise Bldg., Lynchburg Fletcher, Dr. S. W., Director Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg Clevenger, C. C., Stephenson Purdy, Mrs. R. S., 218 Willard Avenue, Phoebus Meschendorf, H. H., Piedmont Villa, Forest Depot Laing, Sam L., Shores WASHINGTON Kiesling, F. W., 409 Waverly Place, Spokane Quarnberg, A. A., District Horticultural Inspector, Vancouver Reynolds, F. Eliot, Irondale Beebe, Charles S., Jr., Beebe Corkery, Dr. John R., Co. Health Officer, 215 Hutton Bldg., Spokane Bailey, Dr. Edward, Mansfield, Douglas County Coupe, Mrs. Nora D., Coupeville WEST VIRGINIA Smoot, John Thurman, Smoot Stricklin, L., Cameron Dennison, William, Bristol Bacon, Nathaniel, Talcott Gary, J. R., Cairo WISCONSIN Richter, W. A., R. F. D. 9, Box 99, N. Milwaukee Shipman, Dr. K. W., 402 Jackman Block, Janesville

AUTHORITIES AND SPECIAL CORRESPONDENTS

The following list is made up of the names of authorities or correspondents whose special knowledge of local conditions enables them to give information or advice of special value. With some of them arrangements have been made to take charge of inquiries and other local nut matters. Some of them are connected with state or government experiment or educational institutions and will answer any inquiries.

The United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., will always respond to requests for information, referring them to the best authority available, many of whom are to be found in the various bureaus.

The secretary of this Association is always glad to do his best when no better authority is to be found. He intends in the future to refer many inquiries to those who have a better knowledge of local conditions.

Alabama Theodore Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Mississippi Arizona Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah C. R. Biederman, Garces, Cochise County Robert A. Rogers, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Canille Arkansas S. H. James, Mound, Louisiana J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pennsylvania United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. California Ralph E. Smith, Superintendent of Experiment Station, Berkeley George C. Payne, Campbell Frank Leib, San José Dr. W. W. Fitzgerald, Stockton Harry P. Stabler, Yuba City C. W. Beers, Santa Barbara J. B. Neff, Anaheim Canada Enquire of the Secretary of the Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown, Connecticut Colorado Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. For west of the Rocky Mountains. Connecticut Dr. Robert T. Morris, Stamford Dr. W. C. Deming, Secretary Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown Delaware J. W. Killen, Felton C. A. McCue, Professor of Horticulture, Newark United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Florida H. Harold Hume, Glen Saint Mary W. W. Carroll, Monticello Georgia Col. C. A. Van Duzee, President National Nut Growers Association, Cairo J. B. Wight, Secretary National Nut Growers Association, Cairo J. W. Firor, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Athens H. W. Smithwick, Americus Idaho C. C. Vincent,. Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Moscow Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist, State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. for southern part of Idaho. Illinois E. A. Riehl. Alton Norman W. Casper, New Burnside Indiana T. P. Littlepage, President Northern Nut Growers Association, Boonville C. G. Woodbury, Chief in Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette W. C. Reed, Vincennes Mason J. Niblack, Vincennes R. L. McCoy, Lake Iowa Dr. A. B. Dennis, Cedar Rapids Kansas United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Kentucky C. W. Matthews, Horticulturist, State Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington Louisiana H. E. Van Deman, Ferriday S. H. James, Mound J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pa. Maine D. H. Knowlton, Farmington Maryland F. S. Holmes, M. S., Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Massachusetts Secretary Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown, Ct. Michigan F. A. Wilken, Associate Editor Michigan Farmer, Detroit Minnesota Col. C. A. Van Duzee, President National Nut Growers Association, Commercial Club, St. Paul A. W. Latham, Secretary State Horticultural Society, 207 Kasota Building, Minneapolis Mississippi Charles E. Pabst, Ocean Springs Theodore Bechtel, Ocean Springs Missouri W. L. Howard, Assistant Horticulturist, Columbia Montana M. L. Dean, Horticulturist, Missoula Nebraska United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Nevada Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah New Hampshire United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. New Jersey J. T. Lovett, Little Silver New Mexico Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah New York Robert T. Morris, 616 Madison Ave. New York City For Long Island Henry Hicks, Westbury Station H. B. Fullerton, Director Long Island Railroad Agricultural Station, Medford North Carolina W. N. Hutt, State Horticulturist, Raleigh North Dakota United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Ohio See Indiana Oklahoma N. O. Booth, Horticulturist, Stillwell Oregon C. I. Lewis, Agricultural College Experiment Station, Corvallis V. R. Gardner, Associate Professor of Horticulture, Corvallis J. C. Cooper, Chief Yamhill Walnut Experiment Station, McMinnville Pennsylvania J. G. Rush, West Willow J. F. Jones, Lancaster F. N. Fagan, Department of Horticulture, State College Rhode Island United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. South Carolina W. N. Hutt, State Horticulturist, Raleigh, North Carolina South Dakota United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Tennessee United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Texas A. Caswell Ellis, State University, Austin E. J. Kyle, Professor of Horticulture, College Station Charles L. Edwards, Dallas, Station A F. T. Ramsey, Austin E. W. Kirkpatrick, McKinney R. E. Blair, United States Experiment Farm, San Antonio J. W. Canada, Houston Utah Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan Vermont United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Virginia W. N. Roper, Petersburg J. Russell Smith, Roundhill Washington A. A. Quarnberg, District Horticultural Inspector, Vancouver West Virginia E. D. Sanderson, Director State Experiment Station, Morgantown Wisconsin James G. Moore, Horticulturist, Madison Wyoming United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

THE CHESTNUT BLIGHT AND IMMUNE HYBRIDS.

To persons who are interested in growing chestnuts, the following papers are of importance. They are published in the Journal of Heredity for January, 1914, Paul B. Popenoe, Editor, 511 Eleventh St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"The Chestnut Bark Disease," by Haven Metcalf, United States Department of Agriculture.

"Chestnut Breeding Experience," by Walter Van Fleet, United States Department of Agriculture.

"Chestnut Blight Resistance," by Dr. Robert T. Morris, New York City.

The following important publications are not listed in Circular No. 3:

Walnut Culture in California. Walnut Blight. Bulletin 231, Agricultural Experiment Station Berkeley, California, August, 1912.

The Persian Walnut Industry in the United States. By E. R. Lake. Bulletin 254, Bureau Plant Industry United States Department of Agriculture, February, 1913.

Bulletin No. 1. Yamhill Walnut Experiment Station, McMinnville, Oregon, January 2, 1914.