OLD TESTAMENT SITES (continued 3)
Reading edition
RAMAH (1), of Benjamin Josh. xviii. 25; Judg. iv. 5; xix. 13; 1 Sam. xxii. 6; 1 Kings xv. 17, 21; 2 Chr. xvi. 1; Ezra ii. 26; Neh. vii. 30; xi. 33; Is. x. 29; Jer. xxxi. 15; xl. 1; Hos. v. 8 er-Ram 14 Now the village er-Ram, 5 miles north of Jerusalem. It is uncertain whether these references point to one or more places. (Mem. III. 13; Sh. XVII.)
RAMAH (2) Josh. xix. 36 er Râmeh 6 Now the village ‘Râmeh,’ in Lower Galilee, west of Safed. (Mem. I. 205; Sh. IV.)
RAMAH (3) Josh. xix. 29 Râmia (?) 6 Now the village Râmia, east of the Ladder of Tyrus, in Upper Galilee. (Mem. I.; Sh. IV.)
RAMATH-LEHI Judg. xv. 17 Not identified —
RAMATH-MIZPEH Josh. xiii. 26 er Rimthe (??)* 11 Possibly the ruin ‘Rimthe,’ in the northern limits of Gad, and about midway between Bozrah and the Jordan (Conder’s Heth & Moab, 175).
RAMATH-NEGEB (R.V. RAMAH of the South) Josh. xix. 8; 1 Sam. xxx. 27 Not identified — Somewhere in the south of Judah. In Sam. xxx. 27 Ramoth.
RAMATHAIM-ZOPHIM or RAMAH 1 Sam. i. 1, 19; ii. 11; vii. 17; viii. 4; xv. 34; xvi. 13; xix. 18–23; xx. 1; xxv. 1; xxviii. 3 Not identified — Somewhere in Mount Ephraim. It does not appear to have been the same place as Ramah (1).
RAMATHEM 1 Macc. xi. 34 Not identified — Thought to be the same as last.
RAMESES RAAMSES RAMESSE Gen. xlvii. 11; Ex. i. 11; xii. 37; Num. xxxiii. 3, 5; Judith i. 9 Not identified — A city in Lower Egypt. Thought to be the same as Zoan; which see.
RAMOTH 1 Chr. vi. 73 er Râmeh* 10 Now the village Râmeh, south of the plain of Esdraelon. See Remeth. (Mem. II. 155; Sh. XI.)—Conder.
RAMOTH in Gilead Deut. iv. 43; Josh. xx. 8; xxi. 38; 1 Kings iv. 13; xxii. 3–24; 2 Kings viii. 28; ix. 1, 4, 14; 1 Chr. vi. 80; 2 Chr. xviii. 2–28; xxii. 5 Reimûn (?)* 11 One of the six cities of refuge. Fifteen Roman miles from Philadelphia (Onomasticon). The village Es-Salt is about this distance. In 2 Kings viii. 29, and Chr. xxii. 6, called Ramah. Probably Reimûn (Conder’s Heth and Moab, p. 175).
RAPHIA 3 Macc. i. 1 — Probably the same as Raphon.
RAPHON or RAPHANA 1 Macc. v. 37 Rafeh (?) 7 Placed at ‘Rafeh,’ 4 miles south-west of Edrei, by Dr. Merill (East of Jordan).
RECHAH (R.V. RECAH) 1 Chr. iv. 12 Not identified —
RED SEA Ex. x. 19; xiii. 18; xv. 4, 22; xxiii. 31; Num. xiv. 25; xxi. 4, 14; xxxiii. 10, 11; Deut. i. 1, 40; xi. 4; Josh. ii. 10; iv. 23; xxiv. 6; Judg. xi. 16; 1 Kings ix. 26; Neh. ix. 9; Ps. cvi. 5–9, 22; cxxxvi. 13, 15; Jer. xlix. 21; Judith v. 13; 1 Macc. iv. 9; Called ‘the Sea’ in Exodus xiv. 2, 9, 16, 21, 28; xv. 1, 4, 8, 10, 19; Josh. xxiv. 6, 7
REHOB (1) Num. xiii. 21; 2 Sam. x. 6, 8 Hunîn (??) 6 See Beth-rehob, near Banias, Laish, and Dan (Tell el Kâdy), a city in the valley that lieth by ‘Beth-rehob.’
REHOB (2) Josh. xix. 28; xxi. 31; 1 Chr. vi. 75 Not identified — Allotted to Asher.
REHOB (3) Josh. xix. 30; Judg. i. 31 Not identified — Allotted to Asher.
REHOBOTH Gen. xxvi. 22 Ruheibeh 20 To the south of Beersheba and Bered are a heap of ruins, and some wells called ‘er Ruheibeh.’ See Desert of Sinai, 316, by Dr. Bonar.
REHOBOTH, The City (R.V. REHOBOTH-IR) Gen. x. 11 Not identified 11 Usually placed near Nineveh on the south side. See the next.
REHOBOTH by the River Gen. xxxvi. 37; 1 Chr. i. 48 Rahabeh, or Rahabeh Melek (?) — ‘The name “Rahabeh” is applied to two places on the Euphrates, one 8 miles below the junction of the Khabûr, about 3 miles west of the river (Chesney, Euphrates, i. 119; ii. 610), the other 4 or 5 miles further down on the left bank, and called Rahabeh Melek.’
REKEM Josh. xviii. 27 Not identified — One of the towns of Benjamin. Named between Mozah (Beit Mizzeh) and Irpeel (Rafat?). ʾAin Karim has been proposed (Smith’s Bible Dictionary), but the name and position are alike unsatisfactory. Possibly the word should read Dekem, in which case Beit Dukku lies in a probable position.
REMETH Josh. xix. 21 er Râmeh (?)* 10 ? Ramoth of 1 Chr. vi. 73. Now the village er Râmeh, 5½ miles north of Samaria. (Mem. II. 155; Sh. XI.)—Conder.
REMMON (R.V. RIMMON) Josh. xix. 7 13 See En-rimmon (of Simeon).
REMMON METHOAR (R.V. RIMMON) Josh. xix. 13 Rummâneh 6 Now the village Rummâneh, on the edge of ‘Sahel el Buttauf,’ north of Nazareth and Seffurieh. (Mem. I. 363; Sh. VI.) Methoar means ‘which stretches.’
REPHAIM, The Valley of Josh. xv. 8; xviii. 16; 2 Sam. v. 18–22; xxiii. 13; 1 Chr. xi. 15; xiv. 9; Is. xvii. 5 el Bŭkeiʾa 14 Now called el Bŭkeiʾa, the plain south of Jerusalem, on the way to Bethlehem.
REPHIDIM Num. xxxiii. 14, 15 Not identified — One of the camping places of the Israelites in the desert between Alush and Sinai. Robinson places Rephidim in ‘Wady esh Sheikh.’ (Rob. i. 121.) Burckhardt (Syria and C. 488), Stanley (S. and P. 40–42), Ritter (xiv. 740, 741), in Wâdy Feiran.
RESEN Gen. x. 12 Not identified Between Nimrúd and Kuyunjik — One of the cities built by Asshur, ‘between Nineveh and Calah.’ The ruins of a town near the modern village of Selamiyeh would suit the situation, but they are not of any great importance. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
REUBEN, Tribe of Josh. xiii. 15–23; Josephus 9 Ant. viii. 1 — The eastern parts of the country beyond Jordan, which belonged to the Reubenites and Gadites and to the half tribes of Manasseh. (9 Ant. viii. 1.)
REZEPH 2 Kings xix. 12; Is. xxxvii. 12 Not identified Near Nisibin — There are several towns of this name in Mesopotamia. One west of the Euphrates on the road from Racca to Hŭms, the other east of the Euphrates near Bagdad; between these two rests the claim to the ancient site. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
RHODUS 1 Macc. xv. 23 Island of Rhodes — The Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean.
RIBLAH Num. xxxiv. 11; 2 Kings xxiii. 33; xxv. 6, 21; Jer. xxxix. 5, 6; lii. 9, 10, 27 Ribleh — Probably the same as in 2 Kings xxiii. 33. The present Ribleh, on east bank of the Orontes, 35 miles north-east of Baalbek. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible.)
RIMMON (1) (R.V. RIMMONO) 1 Chr. vi. 77 Rummâneh 6 A city of Zebulon = Remmon Methoar, (Mem. I. 363; Sh. VI.)
RIMMON (2) Josh. xv. 32; xix. 7; 1 Chr. iv. 32 Kh. Umm er Rŭmâmîn? 13 Now ‘Umm er Rŭmâmîn.’ See En-rimmon. Mem. III.; Sh. XXIV. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible.)
RIMMON PAREZ (R.V. RIMMON PEREZ) Num. xxxiii. 19, 20 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites in the Desert.
RIMMON The Rock Judg. xx. 45, 47; xxi. 13 Rŭmmôn 10 The rock on which the six hundred Benjamites took refuge. Now the rock and village Rŭmmon, east of Bethel. In Benjamin.
RISSAH Num. xxxiii. 25 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites. It has been considered (Winer s.v.) identical with Rasa in the Peuting. Itiner., 32 Roman miles from Ailah (ʾAkabeh) and 203 miles south of Jerusalem. No site has been found to suit this. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
RITHMAH Num. xxxiii. 18 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites next to Hazeroth.
RIVER OF EGYPT (R.V. BROOK OF EGYPT) Num. xxxiv. 5; Josh. xv. 4, 47; 1 Kings viii. 65; 2 Kings xxiv. 7; Is. xxvii. 12; Ezek. xlviii. 28; Judith i. 9 Wâdy el ʾArîsh 19 Generally believed to be ‘Wady el ʾArish’—the principal watercourse in the south country. It rises south of ‘Kŭlʾat en Nahl,’ and has a run of over 120 miles, receiving many branches on its way, before it enters the Mediterranean south of Gaza.
ROGELIM 2 Sam. xvii. 27; xix. 31 Not identified — Somewhere in Gad east of Jordan.
RUMAH 2 Kings xxiii. 36 Not identified — The position of this place is very doubtful; thought to be either the ruined village Rûmeh (Sh. V.) north of Nazareth, or el Ormeh (Sh. XV.) (ʾArumah, Judg. ix. 41), near Shechem.
ROME 1 Macc. i. 10; vii. 1; viii. 17, 19; xii. 1, 3; xiv. 16, 24; xv. 15; 2 Macc. iv. 11
SALCAH or SALCHAH (R.V. SALECAH) Deut. iii. 10; Josh. xii. 5; xiii. 11; 1 Chr. v. 11 Salkhad 12 A city in the extreme limits of Bashan. Now the present large town called Salkhad, east of Bashan. For various descriptions see Will. of Tyre, xvi. 8; Burckhardt (Syria, Nov. 22, 1810); Porter (Five Years in Damascus, ii. 176).
SALEM (1) Ps. lxxvi. 2 Jerusalem — Jerusalem.
SALEM (2) Gen. xiv. 18 Not identified — Jerusalem (Jewish Commentators, and Josephus, Ant. i. 10, 2; vii. 3, 2). According to the Samaritans the same as Shalem, which see. Jerome states it was a town near Scythopolis (Beisan), and known in his day as Salem. It is otherwise regarded not as a town but as a personal name.
SALEM, Valley Judith iv. 4 Not identified — Mentioned among the places that were fortified by the Jews on the approach of Holofernes (Judith iv. 4).
SALT, City of Josh. xv. 62 Tell el Milh (?)* 14 Probably ‘Tell el Milh,’ (‘salt mound’) east of ‘Beersheba’ (Conder). ‘Tell el Milh’ is generally identified with the Biblical Moladah (Josh. xv. 26); but there is an objection to this on account of the guttural, which is not likely to have replaced the dental. (Mem. III. 404, 415; Sh. XXV.)
SALT SEA, The Gen. xiv. 3; Num. xxxiv. 3, 12; Deut. iii. 17; Josh. iii. 16; xii. 3; xv. 2, 5; xviii. 19 Bahr Lût or Baheirat Lût 14 Now called ‘The Dead Sea,’ ‘Bahr Lût,’ 53 miles long by 8½ miles broad. In Deut. iv. 49; 2 Kings xiv. 25 Sea of the Plain—the Sea of Arabah (R.V.); Deut. iii. 17; Josh. iii. 16; xii. 3 Sea of the Plain—the Salt Sea (R.V.); Joel ii. 20; Ezek. xlvii. 18; Zech. xiv. 8 the East Sea—the East Sea (R.V.); Ezek. xlvii. 8 the Sea; 2 Esdr. v. 7 the Sodomitish Sea. (See Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
SALT, Valley of 2 Sam. viii. 13; 2 Kings xiv. 7; 1 Chr. xviii. 12; 2 Chr. xxv. 11 21 Very probably the northern part of ‘Wâdy Arabah,’ from where the valley suddenly dips 300 feet, and forms a plain reaching to the south end of the Salt Sea.
SAMARIA 1 Kings xiii. 32; xvi. 24, 28, 29, 32; xviii. 2; xx. 1, 10, 17, 34, 43; xxi. 1, 18; xxii. 10, 37, 38, 51; 2 Kings i. 2; ii. 25; iii. 1, 6; v. 3; vi. 19–25; vii. 1, 18; x. 1–36; xiii. 1–13; xiv. 14–23; xv. 8–27; xvii. 1–28; xviii. 9–34; xxi. 13; xxiii. 18, 19; 2 Chr. xviii. 2, 9; xxii. 9; xxv. 13, 24; xxviii. 8, 9, 15; Ezra iv. 10, 17; Neh. iv. 2; Is. vii. 9; viii. 4; ix. 9; x. 9–11; xxxvi. 19; Jer. xxiii. 13; xxxi. 5; xli. 5; Ezek. xvi. 46, 55; xxiii. 4, 33; Hos. vii. 1; viii. 5, 6; x. 5, 7; xiii. 16; Am. iii. 9, 12; iv. 1; vi. 1; viii. 14; Ob. 19; Mic. i. 1, 5, 6; 1 Esd. ii. 16, 25; Ecclus. l. 26; Judith i. 9; iv. 4; 1 Macc. iii. 10; v. 66; x. 30, 38; xi. 28, 34; 2 Macc. xv. 1 es Sebŭstiyeh 10 The present village and ruins Sebŭstieh, west of Shechem. (Mem. II. 211–214; Sh. XI. Robinson’s Bib. Res. ii. 127–133; Stanley’s Sinai and Palestine, 242–246; Smith’s Bible Dictionary.) Mountains of Samaria, Jer. xxxi. 5; Amos iii. 9; iv. 1; vi. 1; Ecclus. l. 26. The hill Samaria, 1 Kings xvi. 24.
SAMOS 1 Macc. xv. 23; Acts xx. 15 Samos — An island near Ephesus, off the west coast of Asia Minor.
SAMPSAMES 1 Macc. xv. 23 Samsûn (?) — Thought to be Samsûn, on the coast of the Black Sea, between Sinope and Trebizond.
SANSANNAH Josh. xv. 31 Not identified — Somewhere in the south of Judah. Comparing the parallel lists of Josh. xv. 31 with Josh. xix. 5, and 1 Chr. iv. 31. Hazar-susim or Susah takes the place of Sansannah. Simsim, near Gaza, has been proposed.
SAPHIR (R.V. SHAPHIR) Micah i. 11 es Sûâfîr 13 Described by Eusebius and Jerome as being ‘in the mountain district between Eleutheropolis and Ascalon.’ Probably one of the three villages Suâfir, near Ashdod. (Mem. II. 413; Sh. XVI.)
SARID Josh. xix. 10, 12 Tell Shadûd (?)* 10 A place mentioned on the boundary of Zebulon. The Syriac version reads ‘Asdod,’ and the LXX Seddouk. Probably ‘Tell Shadûd,’ on the north edge of the plain of Esdraelon, 4½ miles west of ‘Chisloth Tabor.’ (Mem. II. 70; Sh. VIII.)—Conder.
SCHEDIA 3 Macc. iv. 11 —
SCYTHOPOLIS Judith iii. 10; 2 Macc. xii. 29, 30 Beisân 10 Beth-shean, which see. Sh. IX.
SECACAH Josh. xv. 61 Kh. ed Dikkeh (?)* 14 Perhaps the ruin ed Dikkeh, also called Kh. es Sikkeh, ‘ruin of the path,’ 2 miles south of Bethany. Uncertain. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible.) Was one of the six cities of Judah in the Wilderness.
SECHU (R.V. SECU) 1 Sam. xix. 22 Kh. Shuweikeh* 14 Probably ‘Kh. Shuweikeh,’ immediately south of ‘Beeroth.’ (Mem. III. 52, 126; Sh. XVII.)—Conder.
SEIR, Mount (1) Gen. xiv. 6; xxxii. 3; xxxiii. 14, 16; xxxvi. 8, 9, 20, 30; Num. xxiv. 18; Deut. 1, 2, 44; ii. 1–29; xxxiii. 2; Josh. xi. 17; xii. 7; xxiv. 4; Judg. v. 4; 1 Chr. i. 38; iv. 42; 2 Chr. xx. 10–23; xxv. 11, 14; Isa. xxi. 11; Ezek. xxv. 8; xxxv. 2–15 21, 28 The mountainous range of Petra.
SEIR, Mount (2) Josh. xv. 10 14 Probably the ridge north of Kh. Erma (Kirjath-jearim). (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 259; Smith’s Dictionary to the Bible.)
SEIRATH (R.V. SEIRAH) Judg. iii. 26 Not identified — In Mount Ephraim.
SELA and SELAH (R.V. SELA or PETRA) 2 Kings xiv. 7; Isa. xvi. 1; Obd. 3 Petra 28 Judges i. 36, ‘The rock,’ LXX. reads Petra. Now Petra ‘in the midst of Mount Seir, in the neighbourhood of Mount Hor’ (Josephus Ant. iv. 4, 7).
SELA-HAMMAHLEKOTH 1 Sam. xxiii. 28 Wâdy Malâky* 14 A rock in the wilderness of Maon. Now ‘Wâdy Malâky,’ east of Maon. (Mem. III. 314; Sh. XXI.)—Conder.
SELEUCIA 1 Macc. xi. 8 es Suweidiyeh — The seaport of Antioch.
SENAAH Ez. ii. 35; Neh. vii. 38 Not identified — Eusebius and Jerome mention a Magdal-Senna, 7 miles north of Jericho (Onomasticon). Neh. iii. 3, Has-senaah.
SENEH, The Rock 1 Sam. xiv. 4 Wâdy Suweinît 14 The scene of Jonathan’s adventure on the south side of Wady Suweinît, in which word the name seems to survive.
SENIR 1 Chr. v. 23; Ezek. xxvii. 5 Mount Hermon — The Amorite name for Mount Hermon, which see.
SEPHARVAIM 2 Kings xvii. 24; xviii. 34; xix. 13; Is. xxxvi. 19; xxxvii. 13 Sippara — The town of Sippara, on the Euphrates above Babylon.
SEPHELA 1 Macc. xii. 38 — In Deut. i. 7; Josh. ix. 1; x. 40; xi. 2, 16; xii. 8; xv. 33; Judg. i. 9; 1 Kings x. 27; 1 Chr. xxvii. 28; 2 Chr. i. 15; ix. 27; xxvi. 10; xxviii. 18; Jer. xvii. 26; xxxii. 44, xxxiii. 13; Obad. 19; Zech. vii. 7, rendered ‘the vale,’ ‘the valley,’ ‘the plain,’ ‘the low plains,’ and ‘the low country.’ (Hash-Shefelâh). The lower hills between the high range and plain of Judah. See Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 302.
SHAALABBIN Josh. xix. 42 Selbît (?) 14 Mentioned with ‘Aijalon’ and ‘Beth-shemesh,’ allotted to Dan. Probably the present village ‘Selbît,’ south-east of Lydda, near ‘Aijalon.’ (Mem. III. 52; Sh. XVII.)
SHAALBIM Judg. i. 35; 1 Kings iv. 9 — See Shaalabbin. Another form of name.
SHAARAIM Josh. xv. 36; 1 Sam. xvii. 52; 1 Chr. iv. 31 Kh. Sʾaîreh (?) 14 Mentioned in the group of towns allotted to Judah as being in ‘the valley’ (Shefelah) along with ‘Adullam’ Socoh, etc. Probably the ruins ‘Sʾaîreh,’ west of Beit ʾAtâb (Etam). Josh. xv. 36 ‘Sharaim’ (R.V. ‘Shaaraim’). (Mem. III.; Sh. XVII.)
SHAHAZIMAH (R.V. SHAHAZUMAH) Josh. xix. 22 Not identified — One of the towns allotted to Issachar. Somewhere between Mount Tabor and the Jordan.
SHALEM Gen. xxxiii. 18 Sâlim 10 The village Sâlim, 4 miles east of Shechem. (Mem. II. 230; Sh. XII.) R.V. has ‘in peace’ for Shalem, which appears only in margin.
SHALIM, The Land of (R.V. SHAALIM) 1 Sam. ix. 4 Not identified — The district through which Saul passed in search of his father’s asses, i.e., ‘the land of caverns,’ thought to be identical with the land of Shual, which see.
SHALISHA, Land of (R.V. SHALISHAH) 1 Sam. ix. 4 Not identified — Next to the land of Shalim. See Baal-shalisha.
SHALLECHETH, The Gate 1 Chr. xxvi. 16 Not identified 14 Has been thought identical with the ‘Bab Silsileh’ in the west wall of the Haram area at Jerusalem, but the names have no connection.
SHAMIR (1) Josh. xv. 48 Kh. Sômerah (?)* 14 Mentioned in the group of ‘Jattir,’ ‘Socoh,’ ‘Debir,’ etc. Probably the ruin Sômerah, west of Debir. (Mem. III. 262; Sh. XX.)—Conder.
SHAMIR (2) Judg. x. 1, 2 Not identified — In Mount Ephraim.
SHAPHER, Mount Num. xxxiii. 23 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites in the desert.
SHARON 1 Chr. v. 16 Not identified — Either a town or a district in the neighbourhood of Gilead and Bashan, east of Jordan. Possibly a synonym for the Mishor. (Stanley, Sinai & P. App. § 7.)
SHARON, Plain of 1 Chr. xxvii. 29; Is. xxxiii. 9; xxxv. 2; lxv. 10; Cant. ii. 1 — The great and fertile plain extending from near Joppa on the south to Mount Carmel on the north, and bounded on the west by the Mediterranean, and on the east by the hills of Samaria, etc.
SHARUHEN Josh. xix. 6 Tell esh Sherîʾah (?)* 13 A town allotted to Simeon in the south. (?) Another name for ‘Shilhim’ of Josh. xv. 32, and Shaaraim of 1 Chr. iv. 31. Very probably the large ruin ‘Tell esh Sherîʾah,’ 12 miles north-west of Beersheba. (Mem. III. 399; Sh. XXIV.)
SHAVEH, Valley of (R.V. SHAVEH, Vale of, or ‘King’s Vale’) Gen. xiv. 17; 2 Sam. xviii. 18 Not identified — In the neighbourhood of Jerusalem.
SHAVEH KIRIATHAIM Gen. xiv. 5 Not identified — A valley or plain near Kiriathaim.
SHEARING-HOUSE, The 2 Kings x. 12, 14 — Beth-achath, which see.
SHEBA Josh. xix. 2 Tell es Sebʾa (?) 13 Allotted to Simeon, between Beer-sheba and Moladah. Very probably ‘Tell es Sebʾa,’ 2½ miles east of Bir es Sebʾa. (Mem. III.; Sh. XXIV.)—Conder.
SHEBAH (R.V. SHIBAH) Gen. xxvi. 33 — See Beer-sheba.
SHEBAM (R.V. SEBAM or SIBMAH) Num. xxxii. 3 — Mentioned between ‘Elealeh’ and ‘Nebo.’ Another form for ‘Shibmah’ and ‘Sibmah.’
SHEBARIM Josh. vii. 5 Not identified — In the neighbourhood of ‘Ai.’
SHECHEM Gen. xii. 6; xxxiii. 18; xxxv. 4; xxxvii. 12, 14; Josh. xvii. 7; xx. 7; xxi. 21; xxiv. 1, 25, 32; Judg. viii. 31; ix. 1–57; xxi. 19; 1 Kings xii. 1, 25; 1 Chr. vi. 67; vii. 28; 2 Chr. x. 1; Ps. lx. 6; cviii. 7; Jer. xli. 5 Nablûs 10 The present city Nablus, Neapolis, in the valley between Mounts Ebal and Gerizim. One of the six cities of refuge. (Mem. II. 293; Sh. XI.)
SHEEP GATE, The Neh. iii. 1, 32; xii. 39 Not identified — One of the gates of Jerusalem, rebuilt by Nehemiah.
SHEN 1 Sam. vii. 12 Not identified — Mentioned with Mizpah. ‘Between Mizpah and Shen’ the stone Eben-ezer was set up by Samuel, commemorating the rout of the Philistines. Three miles west of Jerusalem and 1½ miles north of ‘ʾAin Karim’ is Deir Yesin. This will not suit if the identification of Deir Aban with Eben-ezer be right; which see.
SHEMA Josh. xv. 26 Not identified — Named between ʾAmam and Moladah—in the south. Allotted to Judah. In Josh. xix. 2, Sheba takes the place of Shema.
SHENIR Deut. iii. 9; Cant. iv. 8 — Another form of Senir; which see.
SHEPHAM Num. xxxiv. 10, 11 Not identified — A place mentioned as on the eastern boundary of the Promised Land, between Hazor-enan and Riblah. Somewhere north of Riblah.
SHIBMAH (R.V. SIBMAH) Num. xxxii. 38 — = Sibmah, which see.
SHICRON (R.V. SHIKKERON) Josh. xv. 11 Not identified — Between Mount Baalah (not identified) and Ekron (Akir), (Sh. XVI.), in the north-west corner of Judah. (Mem. II. 417; Sh. XVI.)
SHIHON (R.V. SHION) Josh. xix. 19 ʾAyûn es Shʾaîn (?)* 6 ‘ʾAyûn es Shʾaîn,’ north of Tabor. This site appears to represent the Seon of the Onomasticon mentioned by Jerome as near Tabor, and identified by him with Shihon of Issachar, an identification possibly correct. In the Talmud Shihin is mentioned as near Sepphoris. (Mem. I. 370; Sh. VI.)—Conder.
SHIHOR OF EGYPT 1 Chr. xiii. 5; Num. xxxiv. 5; Josh. xiii. 3 W. el ʾArîsh — ‘The Brook of Egypt’ (R.V.) In Num. xxxiv. 5, River of Egypt (A.V.); Brook of Egypt (R.V.); Josh. xiii. 3, Sihor; Shihor (R.V.) Wâdy el ʾArîsh. See River of Egypt.
SHIHOR-LIBNATH Josh. xix. 26 Nahr Nʾamein? 6 One of the names on the boundary of Asher—rendered by some ‘River of Glass.’ Thought to be the Belus (Nahr Nʾamein S. of ʾAkka) from whose bed, according to tradition, the fine sand was obtained by the Phœnicians for the glass they first made. (Pliny, H. N., Book xxxvi. ch. 26). Mem. I. 268; Sh. V.
SHILHIM Josh. xv. 32 Not identified — One of the cities in the southern portion of Judah, named between Lebaoth and ʾAin. In the parallel lists of Josh. xix. 6 Sharuhen is given, and in 1 Chr. iv. 31 Shaaraim, which see.
SHILOAH, The Waters of Is. viii. 6; 2 Chr. xxxii. — Siloam and Siloah.
SHILOH Josh. xviii. 1–10; xix. 51; xxi. 2; xxii. 9, 12; Judg. xviii. 31; xxi. 12–21; 1 Sam. i. 3, 9, 24; ii. 14; iii. 21; iv. 3, 12; xiv. 3; 1 Kings ii. 27; xiv. 2–4; Ps. lxxviii. 60; Jer. vii. 12, 14; xxvi. 6, 9; xli. 5 Seilûn 10 Now a ruined town called Seilûn, about midway between Bethel and Mt. Girizim, near the ancient highway from Jerusalem to Shechem and the North. Mem. II. 367–370; Sh. XIV.
SHIMRON Josh. xi. 1; xix. 15 Semûnieh 6 Called in the Talmud (Jerus, Megillah, cap. 1) Semûnieh—now a small village 5 miles west of Nazareth. Mem. I. 339; Sh. V.
SHIMRON-MERON Josh. xii. 20 Not identified — Uncertain whether this name refers to the same place as Shimron (Semunieh). The old Jewish traveller Hap-Parchi fixes it at two hours east of En Gannim (Jenîn), south of Mount Gilboa, at a village called in his day ‘Dar Meron.’ (Asher’s Benjamin of Tudela, II. 434).
SHINAR (The Land of) Gen. x. 10; xi. 2; xiv. 1; Is. xi. 11; Dan. i. 2; Zech. v. 11 — ‘The ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea. The tract known in later times as Chaldea or Babylonia.’ Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
SHITTIM (R.V. VALLEY OF ACACIAS) Num. xxv. 1; Josh. ii. 1; iii. 1; Mich. vi. 5; Joel iii. 18 Ghor es Seisebân 14 = Abel-shittim, which see.
SHOCO 2 Chr. xi. 7 Kh. Shuweikeh — A variation of the name Socoh (1), which see.
SHOCHO 2 Chr. xxviii. 18 — See Socoh (1)
SHOCHOH 1 Sam. xvii. 1 — See Socoh (1)
SHOPHAN (R.V. ATROTH-SHOPHAN) Num. xxxii. 35 Not identified — One of the fortified towns on the East of Jordan.
SHUAL, The Land of 1 Sam. xiii. 17 Not identified — Near Ophrah (1), which see.
SHUNEM Josh. xix. 18; 1 Sam. xxviii. 4; 1 Kings i. 3, 15; ii. 17, 21, 22; 2 Kings iv. 8, 12, 25, 36 Sôlam 10 A city of Issachar, mentioned with Jezreel, Chesulloth, &c. Now the village Sôlam, north of Jezreel. Mem. II. 87; Sh. IX.
SHUR (Desert of) Gen. xvi. 7; xx. 1; xxv. 18; Ex. xv. 22; 1 Sam. xv. 7; xxvii. 8 — Between Egypt and Philistia.
SHUSHAN Esth. iii. 15; iv. 16; viii. 15; Dan. viii. 2 Susa — Susa, one of the chief cities of Persia. Now identified with the ruins of Susa on the River Shapur. Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
SIBMAH Josh. xiii. 19; Is. xvi. 8, 9; Jer. xlviii. 32 Sûmia (?)* 15 A town on the East of Jordan, also called Shibmah (Num. xxxii. 38) and Shebam (Num. xxxii. 3). Very probably the important site Sûmia, 2½ miles west of Heshbon. ‘Hardly 500 paces from Heshbon’ (Onomasticon). See Quarterly Statement, p. 9, 1882.—Conder’s Heth and Moab.
SIBRAIM Ezek. xlvii. 16 Not identified — Mentioned as being between Berothah and Hazar-hatticon, and as lying between the boundary of Damascus, and that of Hamath.
SICHEM (R.V. SHECHEM) Gen. xii. 6 — Shechem, which see.
SICYON 1 Macc. xv. 23 Vasilika — A city in the Gulf of Corinth.
SIDE 1 Macc. xv. 23 — In Pamphylia, on the sea coast east of Adalia.
SIDDIM, Vale of Gen. xiv. 3, 8, 10 — The Jordan Valley and Dead Sea.
SIDON = ZIDON (R.V. ZIDON) Gen. x. 15, 19; 2 Esd. i. 11; Judith ii. 28; 1 Macc. v. 15 Saida 2 The present town Saida on the coast between Beirut and Tyre. See Zidon.
SIHOR Josh. xiii. 3; Jer. ii. 18; Is. xxiii. 3 — See Shihor.
SILOAH, The Pool of (R.V. SHELAH OR SHILOAH) Neh. iii. 15; Is. viii. 6 Birket Silwan 14 = Siloam. One of the pools south of Jerusalem. Birket Silwan. (Jerusalem Vol.; Sh. XVII.)
SIMEON, Tribe of Josh. xix.; Josephus v. Ant. i. 22 — ‘The lot of Simeon included that part of Idumea which bordered upon Egypt and Arabia’ (5 Ant. i. 22.)
SIN, Wilderness of Num. xxxiii. 11–14; Exod. xvi. 1; xvii. 1 — Between Elim and Sinai.
SINAI, Mount Ex. xvi. 1; xix. 1–23; xxiv. 16; xxxi. 18; xxxiv. 2, 4, 29, 32; Lev. vii. 38; xxv. 1; xxvi. 46; xxvii. 34; Num. i. 1, 19; iii. 1, 4, 14; ix. 1, 5; x. 12; xxvi. 64; xxviii. 6; xxxiii. 15, 16; Deut. xxxiii. 2; Judg. v. 5; Neh. ix. 13; Ps. lxviii. 8, 17; 2 Esdr. iii. 17; xiv. 4; Judith v. 14; Eccles. xlviii. 7 Jebel Mûsa (Râs Sûfsâfeh) — Generally identified with Jebel Mûsa, the second highest granite peak in the Peninsula. See Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
SINAI, Desert of (R.V. SINAI, Wilderness of) Ex. xix. 1; Num. xxxiii. 16 — The desert round Jebel Mûsa.
SION 1 Esd. viii. 81, etc., very frequently mentioned in the Apocrypha — = Zion.
SION, Mount 2 Esd. xiii. 35; 1 Macc. iv. 37, 60, v. 54; vi. 48, 62; vii. 33; x. 11; xiv. 27 —
SION, Mount Deut. iv. 48; Ps. cxxxiii. 3 Jebel esh Sheikh — One of the names of Mount Hermon, thought to be a clerical error for Sirion; which see.
SIPHMOTH 1 Sam. xxx. 28 Not identified — In the south of Judah the resort of David.
SIRAH, The Well of (R.V. SIRAH, Well or Cistern of) 2 Sam. iii. 26 ʾAin Sârah 14 The present ʾAin Sârah, near Hebron. Mem. III. 314; Sh. XXI.
SIRION Deut. iii. 9; Ps. xxix. 6 3 The Zidonian name for Mount Hermon, which see.
SITNAH, Well of (R.V. ENMITY, Well of) Gen. xxvi. 21 Not identified 20 The second of the two wells dug by Isaac in the valley of Gerar.
SOCOH (1), In the Valley Josh. xv. 35 Kh. Shuweikeh 14 Sochoh (1 Kings iv. 10), Shochoh (1 Sam. xvii. 1), Shoco (2 Chr. xi. 7), Shocho (2 Chr. xxviii. 18). Now represented by ‘Kh. Shuweikeh,’ on the brink of the ‘Valley of Elah.’ (Mem. III. 53; Sh. XVII.) Robinson (B. R. ii. 21.)
SOCOH (2), In the Mountains Josh. xv. 48 Kh. Shuweikeh 14 Named in the group ‘in the mountains,’ with ʾAttir (Yuttah), Debir (edh Dhaherîyeh), etc. Now the ruins Shuweikeh, south-west of Yutta. (Mem. III. 404, 410; Sh. XXV.) Robinson (B. R. i. 494.)
SODOM Gen. x. 19; xiii. 10–13; xiv. 2–22; xviii. 16–26; xix. 1, 4, 24, 28; Deut. xxix. 23; xxxii. 32; Is. i. 9, 10; iii. 9; xiii. 19; Jer. xxiii. 14; xlix. 18; l. 40; Lam. iv. 6; Ezek. xvi. 46–56; Am. iv. 11; Zeph. ii. 9; 2 Esd. ii. 8 Not identified — One of the cities of the plain, near Zoar.—(Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
SODOMITISH SEA, The 2 Esdr. v. 7 — The Salt Sea; which see.
SOREK, Valley of Judg. xvi. 4 Wâdy Sŭrâr 13, 14 Now Wâdy Sŭrâr, on the north side of which is the ruin Sŭrîk. This valley has its source near ‘Beeroth,’ and in its course of 44 miles passes Hazor, Beth-shemesh, Makkedah, Jabneel, and enters the sea 8½ miles south of Jaffa. (Mem. III. 53; Sh. XVII.)
SPARTA 1 Macc. xiv. 16 —
SPAIN 1 Macc. viii. 3 —
SUCCOTH (1) Gen. xxxiii. 17; Josh. xiii. 27; Judg. viii. 5–16; 1 Kings vii. 46; 2 Chr. iv. 17; Ps. lx. 6; cviii. 7 Tell Darʾala (?) 10 Probably Tell Darʾala, on the east of the Jordan Valley, East of the Jordan (Merrill), pp. 385–388; Conder’s Heth & Moab, p. 177. The Talmud is the authority for this identification.
SUCCOTH (2) Ex. xii. 37; xiii. 20; Num. xxxiii. 5, 6 Not identified — The first camping place of the Israelites on leaving Egypt.
SUD, River Baruch i. 4 Not identified — A river somewhere near Babylon.
SUR Judith ii. 28 Not identified — On the sea coast of Phœnicia—not Tyre.
SUR, The Gate of 2 Kings xi. 6 Not identified — In 2 Chr. xxiii. 5, the King’s House at Jerusalem.
SYENE, or SEVENEH (R.V. SEVENEH) Ezek. xxix. 10; xxx. 6 Assúân — In Egypt. Mentioned with Migdol. R.V. ‘tower of Seveneh;’ margin, ‘from Migdol to Seveneh.’
SYRIA Judg. x. 6; 2 Sam. viii. 6, 12; xv. 8, etc., very frequently mentioned — The country north and north-east of Damascus.
TAANACH Josh. xii. 21; xvii. 11; xxi. 25; Judg. i. 27; v. 19; 1 Kings iv. 12; 1 Chr. vii. 29 Tʾannuk 10 Between 3 and 4 Roman miles from Legio (Lejjun)—Onomasticon. Now the village Tʾannuk, on the southern edge of the plain of Esdraelon.—Robinson, ii. 316, 329; Van de Velde, i. 358; Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 285. (Mem. II. 68; Sh. VIII.)
TAANATH-SHILOH Josh. xvi. 6 Tʾana 10 Now the ruin of Tʾana, east of Nablus, on the boundary between Ephraim and Manasseh. (Mem. II. 232; Sh. XII.)—Van de Velde.
TABBATH Judg. vii. 22 Not identified 10 Appears to have lain west of Jordan, near Abel-meholah, which see.
TABERAH Deut. ix. 22; Num. xi. 3 Not identified — The name of a place in the wilderness of Paran.
TABOR 1 Chr. vi. 77 Iksâl — = Chisloth-tabor; which see.
TABOR, Mount Josh. xix. 22; Judg. iv. 6, 12, 14; viii. 18; Ps. lxxxix. 12; Jer. xlvi. 18; Hos. v. 1 Jebel et Tôr 6 Now called Jebel et Tôr. Robinson’s Researches, ii. 353. (Mem. I. 365, 367; Sh. VI.)
TABOR, The Plain of (R.V. TABOR, The Oak or Terebinth of) 1 Sam. x. 3 Not identified — ‘The Oak or Terebinth of Tabor’ is generally thought the correct translation.
TADMOR, In the Wilderness (R.V. TAMAR) 1 Kings ix. 18; 2 Chr. viii. 4 Tadmûr — Palmyra, in the desert, between Damascus and the confluence of the Khabour with the Euphrates. See The Ruins of Palmyra, by Robert Wood, published in 1753; Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 11th chap., Gibbon; Porter’s Handbook for Syria and Palestine, pp. 543–549.
TAHATH Num. xxxiii. 26 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites in the desert.
TAHPANHES Jer. xliii. 7, 8, 9; xliv. 1; xlvi. 14 Tell Defenneh — A town of Lower Egypt near the eastern border, Tell Defenneh. Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
TEHAPHNEHES Ezek. xxx. 18
TAHAPANES Jer. ii. 16
TAPHNES Judith i. 9
TAHTIM-HODSHI, The Land of 2 Sam. xxiv. 6 Kades (?)* — Between Gilead and Dan-jaan. According to the LXX. ‘Kadesh of the Hittites,’ now the ruin Kades, near Tell Neby Mendeh.—Conder.
TAMAR Ezek. xlvii. 19; xlviii. 28 Not identified — Somewhere on the south-east border of Judah. Perhaps Hazazon Tamar, the old name of En-gedi.
TANACH (R.V. TAANACH) Josh. xxi. 25 — Taanach, which see.
TANIS Judith i. 10 San — Zoan in Egypt.
TAPHON 1 Macc. ix. 50 Tŭffûh 14 Beth Tappuah, one of the cities in Judæa, fortified by Bacchides. Probably Beth-tappuah of Josh. xv. 53.
TAPPUAH (1) Josh. xv. 34 Not identified — A city of Judah.
TAPPUAH (2) Josh. xvi. 8; xvii. 8 10 En-tappuah, which see.
TAPPUAH, The Land of Josh. xvii. 8 — In the territory of Manasseh, the land in the neighbourhood of En-tappuah.
TARAH (R.V. TERAH) Num. xxxiii. 27, 28 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites in the desert.
TARALAH Josh. xviii. 27 Not identified — A city allotted to the tribe of Benjamin and mentioned in the group with Mizpeh, Chephirah, and Jerusalem.
TARSHISH Gen. x. 4; 1 Chr. i. 7; Ps. xlviii. 7; lxxii. 10; 2 Chr. ix. 21; xx. 36, 37; Is. ii. 16; xxiii. 1, 6, 10, 14; lx. 9; lxvi. 19; Jer. x. 9; Ezek. xxvii. 12, 25; xxxviii. 13; Jonah i. 3; iv. 2 Not identified — Has been variously sought in Spain, India, etc. Capt. Conder suggests Tarsus. (Syrian Stone-Lore.)
TARSUS 2 Macc. iv. 30; Acts ix. 11, 30; xi. 25; xxi. 39; Tarsus — The chief city of Cilicia, the birth-place of St. Paul.
TEKOA AND TEKOAH 2 Sam. xiv. 2, 4, 9; 1 Chr. ii. 24; iv. 5; xi. 28; xxvii. 9; 2 Chr. xi. 6; Neh. iii. 5, 27; Jer. vi. 1; Am. i. 1 Kh. Tekûʾa 14 The ruined village Tekûʾa, south of Bethlehem 5 miles, and 10 from Jerusalem. (Mem. III. 314; Sh. XXI.)
TEKOA, The Wilderness of 2 Chr. xx. 20 14 The desolate region between ‘Tekoa’ and the Salt Sea. Thecoe, 1 Macc. ix. 33.
TEL-ABIB Ezek. iii. 15 Not identified — ‘By the River of Chebar.’ Was probably a city of Chaldæa or Babylonia, not of Upper Mesopotamia. Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
TELAIM 1 Sam. xv. 4; Josh. xv. 24 Not identified — Telem, Josh. xv. 24. One of the cities in the extreme south of Judah.
TELASSAR OR THELASAR (R.V. TELASSAR) 2 Kings xix. 12; Is. xxxvii. 12 Not identified —
TEL-HARSA OR TEL-HARESHA Ezra ii. 59; Neh. vii. 61 Not identified — One of the five places from which some of the Captivity returned ‘who could not shew their father’s house.’ Thelersas, 1 Esd. v. 36.
TEL-MELAH Ezra ii. 59; Neh. vii. 61 Thelme (?) — Supposed to be Thelme of Ptolemy, a city of the low salt tract near the Persian Gulf. Thermeleth, 1 Esd. v. 36.
TEMAN Jer. xlix. 7, 20; Ezek. xxv. 13; Amos i. 12; Obad. 9; Hab. iii. 3 Not identified — In Edom. Baruch iii. 22, 23, Theman.
THAMNATHA 1 Macc. ix. 50 — One of the cities of Judah, fortified by Bacchides. = Thimnathah; which see. (Mem. II. 299; Sh. XIV.)
THEBEZ Judg. ix. 50; 2 Sam. xi. 21 Tûbâs 10 Now the village Tûbâs, north-east of Shechem (Nablus). (Mem. II. 247; Sh. XII.)
THECOE, The Wilderness of 1 Macc. ix. 33 — The Greek form of Tekoa. See Tekoa.
THELASAR 2 Kings xix. 12 — See Tel-asar.
THELERSAS 1 Esd. v. 36 — The Greek equivalent of Tel-harsa, which see.
THEMAN Baruch iii. 22, 23 — See Teman.
THERAS, River 1 Esd. viii. 41, 61 Not identified — The Ahava of the parallel passage in Ezra. See Ahava.
THERMELETH 1 Esd. v. 36 The Greek equivalent of the name Tel-melah; which see.
THIMNATHAH (R.V. TIMNAH) Josh. xix. 43; 2 Chr. xxviii. 18 Tibneh (?) 10 A town belonging to Dan. Probably the ruin Tibneh, north-east of Lydda 12 miles. (Mem. II. 299; Sh. XIV.)
THISBE Tobit i. 2 Not identified — A city of Naphtali.
THRACIA 2 Macc. xii. 35 — All the region now included in Bulgaria and Roumelia.
TIBHATH 1 Chr. xviii. 8 — See Berothah.
TIGRIS Tobit vi. 1; Jud. i. 6; Eccl. xxiv. 25 — The Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Hiddekel of Gen. ii. 14, etc.
TIMNAH (1) Josh. xv. 10 Tibnah 13 Now the ruins Tibnah, on the south side of the ‘Valley of Sorek,’ and west of ‘Beth Shemesh.’ Timnath in Gen. xxxviii. 12–14; Judg. xiv. 1–5. (Mem. II. 417; Sh. XVI.)
TIMNAH (2) Josh. xv. 57 Tibna* 14 Near Gibeah of Judah. Now the ruin Tibna, near Jebʾa (Gibeah), west of Bethlehem. (Mem. III. 53; Sh. XVII.)—Conder.
TIMNATH Gen. xxxviii. 12, 13, 14; Judg. xiv. 1, 2, 5 — See Timnah.
TIMNATH-HERES OR Judg. ii. 9 Kefr Hâris* 10 The city and burial-place of Joshua. ‘In the Mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash.’ According to tradition the present ‘Kefr Hâris,’ 9 miles south of Shechem (Nablus) in Ephraim. (Mem. II. 284; Sh. XIV.)—Conder.
TIMNATH-SERAH Josh. xix. 50; xxiv. 30
TIPHSAH (1) 1 Kings iv. 24 — Thapsacus, near Deir on the Euphrates.
TIPHSAH (2) 2 Kings xv. 16 Kh. Tafsah* 10 The name Kh. Tafsah occurs to an old site south-west of Shechem 6 miles. (Mem. II. 169; Sh. XI.)—Conder.
TIRZAH Josh. xii. 24; 1 Kings xiv. 17; xv. 21, 33; xvi. 6, 8, 9, 15, 17, 23; 2 Kings xv. 14, 16; Cant. vi. 4 Teîasír* 10 Now the village Teîasîr in the valley, 11 miles north of Shechem, and 12 miles east of Samaria.—Conder. (Mem. II. 216; Sh. XI.; 228, XII.) Robinson (B. R. iii. 302), Van de Velde (Syria & Palestine, iii. 334), place it at Talluza, a village on the hill, 6 miles east of Samaria. Was a royal city, the residence of Jeroboam (1 Kings xiv. 17). Brocardus places ‘Thersa’ on a high mountain 3 leagues (leucae) from Samaria to the east (Descriptio, cap. vii.).
TOB, The Land of Judg. xi. 3, 5 Taiyibeh (?)* 11 The Tubieni near Characa of 2 Macc. xii. 17 (see Characa). The name is preserved in that of Taiyibeh, a village between Jerash and the Sea of Galilee. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 295.)
ISHTOB, The Men of Tob 2 Sam. x. 6, 8
TOBIE, The places of 1 Macc. v. 13
TUBIENI 2 Macc. xii. 17
TOCHEN 1 Chr. iv. 32 Not identified — A place mentioned amongst the towns of Simeon.
TOLAD, OR EL TOLAD 1 Chr. iv. 29 Not identified — One of the towns of Simeon.
TOPHEL Deut. i. 1 et Tŭfîleh 21 The present ruins ‘et Tŭfîleh,’ on the table land of the mountains south-east of the Dead Sea.
TOPHETH, OR TOPHET 2 Kings xxiii. 10; Is. xxx. 33; Jer. vii. 31, 32; xix. 6, 11–14 — In the ‘valley of the son of Hinnom.’
TRIPOLIS 2 Macc. xiv. 1 Tarablus — The small village ‘el Minyeh’ is thought to occupy the ancient site some 2 miles distant from the modern town called Tarablus.
TYRE and TYRUS Josh. xix. 29; 2 Sam. v. 11; xxiv. 7, etc. Very frequently mentioned es Sûr 6 The present town Sûr, on the coast. For plans and detailed description, see Mem. I. 72–81; Conder’s Primer of Bible Geography; Smith’s Bible Dictionary.
TYRUS, The Ladder of 1 Macc. xi. 59 Râs en Nakûrah 6 The steps by which the road winds round the headland called ‘Râs en Nakûrah,’ between Tyre and Akka.
ULAI, River Dan. viii. 2, 16 Kerkhah, R. (?) or Karún R. (?) — The Eulaeus of the Greek and Roman geographers (Arr. Exp. Al. vii. 7; Strab. xv. 3 § 22; Ptol. vi. 3; Pliny, H. N., vi. 31.) Now the modern Kerkhah, an affluent of the Tigris. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.) Otherwise the Karûn R.
UMMAH Josh. xix. 30 ʾAlma esh Shʾaub (?) 6 One of the cities of Asher. Probably the ruin ʾAlma, north of Achzib, opposite the Ladder of Tyrus. Land and the Book chap. xx. (Dr. Thomson.) (Mem. I. 150; Sh. III.)
UPHAZ Jer. x. 9; Dan. x. 5 Not identified — cf. R.V. margin, ‘according to some ancient versions Ophir.’
UR, of the Chaldees Gen. xi. 28, 31; xv. 7 Mugheir (?) — Ur means ‘city,’ generally placed at Mugheir. Others suggest Warka. See Erech.
UZZA, The Garden of 2 Kings xxi. 18, 26; 2 Chr. xxxiii. 20; 2 Sam. vi. 8 Not identified — The garden in which Manasseh and his son Ammon, Kings of Judah, were buried. At Jerusalem.
UZZEN-SHERAH (R.V. UZZEN-SHEERAH) 1 Chr. vii. 24 Beit Sîra 14 Named in connexion with the two Beth-horons. Probably the present village ‘Beit Sîra,’ 2 miles S.W. of Beth-horon (the lower.) (Mem. III. 16; Sh. XVII.)
ZAANAIM, Plain of (R.V. ZAANANNIM ‘Oak’ or Terebinth of) Judg. iv. 11 Bessum (?)* 6 More correctly ‘Bezaanannim,’ according to Tal. Jer. Megillah, and Targums. (In Targum Mishor = Elon.) The plateau west of the ‘Sea of Galilee,’ near the present ruined village Bessum. (Mem. I. 365; Sh. VI.)
ZAANANNIM The ‘Oak’ or ‘Terebinth’ of ‘Bezaanannim’ Josh. xix. 33
ZAANAN Micah i. 11 — = Zenan of Josh. xv. 37.
ZAIR 2 Kings viii. 21 Not identified — The position of this place is uncertain. It probably lay east of the Dead Sea. In the Hebrew it is not very different from Zoar.
ZALMON, Mount Judg. ix. 48 Not identified 10 Generally believed to be the southern peak of the Mt. Gerizim range, on which stands the tomb of Sh. Selman el Farsi. In Ps. lxviii. 14, Salmon. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 210.) Ebal is now called Jebel Eslamîyeh.
ZALMONAH Num. xxxiii. 41, 42 Not identified — One of the camping stations of the Israelites between ‘Mount Hor’ and ‘Punon.’ Maʾan, east of Petra, and Wady Ithm, north of Akabah, have been proposed.
ZANOAH (1) Josh. xv. 34; Neh. iii. 13; xi. 30 Kh. Zanûʾa 14 A city of Judah in the valley between ‘Ashnah’ and ‘En-gannim.’ Now Zanûʾa, a ruined town 2½ miles south of Beth Shemesh. Robinson (B. R. ii. 16.) (Mem. III. 128; Sh. XVII.)
ZANOAH (2) Josh. xv. 56 Kh. Zanûta 14 A city of Judah named in the group of Maon (Kh. Mʾain), Ziph (Tell ez Zîf), Jutta (Yutta), etc. Now Kh. Zanûta, south of ‘Yutta.’ Van de Velde (Mem. III. 354). Robinson (B. R. ii. 204 Note). (Mem. III. 410; Sh. XXV.)
ZAPHON Josh. xiii. 27 el Hammeh 7 One of the four cities ‘in the valley’ allotted to Gad. Identified by the Talmudists with Amathi, the Amathus of Josephus; now the ruined site of el Hammeh, on the banks of the Yarmûk, to the south-east of the Sea of Galilee. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 253.)
ZAREAH (R.V. ZORAH) Neh. xi. 29; 1 Chr. ii. 53 See Zorah.
ZARED, The Valley of (R.V. ZERED Valley of) Num. xxi. 12; Deut. ii. 13, 14 Wâdy el Hesi 21, 22 Generally believed to be the great water course (as suggested by Robinson) known under the different names of ‘Seil Garahy,’ ‘Wâdy Garahy,’ ‘Wâdy Siddiyeh,’ and ‘Wâdy el Hesi,’ having its source east of ‘Kulʾat el Garahy’ in the Desert of Arabia, and entering the eastern bay of the south end of the Dead Sea.
ZAREPHATH 1 Kings xvii. 9, 10; Obadiah 20 Sarafend 2 ‘Not far from Sidon and Tyre.’ (Josephus Ant. viii. 13, § 2). ‘On the shore of Sarepta.’ (Sancta Paula.) ‘It lay on the public road’ (coast road), Jerome (Onomasticon). Now the village and ruins south of Sidon. Original name Misrephoth-maim, which see. In the N.T. (Sarepta), Luke iv. 26 (A.V.) Zarephath (R.V.)
ZARETAN (R.V. ZARETHAN) Josh. iii. 16 A city beside Adam = Zarthan, which see. Adam is possibly ‘Tell Damieh.’
ZARETH-SHAHAR (R.V. ZERETH-SHAHAR) Josh. xiii. 19 Zara, or Sara (?) 14 ‘In the mount of the valley.’ Thought to be the heap of ruins called Zara or Sara on a hill on the south side of the great gorge of Wâdy Zerka Mʾaîn, near where it joins the Salt Sea.
ZARTANAH (R.V. ZARETHAN) 1 Kings iv. 12 Not identified 10 ‘Beneath Jezreel.’ Perhaps the same as Zererath, of Judg. vii. 22. Probably a separate town from Zarthan (‘in the plain’), Zeredath (‘in the plain’), and Zaretan (‘a city beside Adam.’) Placed by Conder at Tell Sarêm, 3 miles south of ‘Beth Shean.’ (Mem. II. 99; Sh. IX.) By Henderson (Handbook, p. 220) at Tellel ez Zahrah, 3 miles west of Beth-shean and between the latter place and Jezreel, opposite Shuttah. See also Quarterly Statement, 1874, p. 182.
ZARTHAN (R.V. ZARETHAN) 1 Kings vii. 46 Not identified — ‘In the clay ground between Succoth’ (Tell Darʾala, eastern side of Jordan valley) ‘and Zarthan, in the plain of Jordan, did Solomon cast the vessels, etc., for the temple.’ Probably Zaretan, which see.
ZEBOIM and ZEBOIIM (1) Gen. x. 19; xiv. 2, 8; Deut. xxix. 23; Hos. xi. 8 Not identified — One of the five cities of the plain (Jordan Valley) next to Admah. Somewhere in the southern parts of the Jordan Valley. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 241.)
ZEBOIM (2) Neh. xi. 34 Not identified — Mentioned between Hadid (Haditheh) and Neballat (Beit Nabala) east of Lydda (Lod.)
ZEBOIM, The Valley of 1 Sam. xiii. 18 Not identified 14 One of the valleys in Benjamin toward the wilderness. The name Shukh ed Dubʾa in which the name Zeboim is possibly preserved, is applied to a smaller branch of one of the many gorges in that neighbourhood. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible, p. 241.)
ZEBULUN Josh. xix. 27 Neby Sebelân (?)* 6 ‘A strong city of Galilee,’ called the ‘city of men’ (Josephus, Wars ii. 18, 9). The discovery of Dabbasheth (which see) indicates the village Neby Sebelân for this town.
ZEBULUN, Tribe of Josh. xix. 10–17; Josephus v. Ant. i. 22 ‘The tribe of Zebulon’s lot included the land which lay as far as the Lake of Genesareth and that which belonged to Carmel and the Sea.’ (Jos. v. Ant. i. 22.)
ZEDAD Num. xxxiv. 8; Ezek. xlvii. 15 Sadûd (??) — One of the landmarks on the north borders of the land of Israel. Possibly Sadûd, between Hums and Baalbec. (Porter, Five Years in Damascus, ii. 354–356.)
ZEEB, Winepress of Judg. vii. 25 Not identified — In the Jordan Valley.
ZELAH Josh. xviii. 28; 2 Sam. xxi. 14 Not identified — In the allotment of Benjamin, between ‘Taralah’ (not known) and ‘Eleph’ (Lifta). The burial-place of Saul and Jonathan.
ZELZAH 1 Sam. x. 2 Not identified — ‘A place named once only as on the boundary of Benjamin, close to Rachel’s sepulchre,’ 1 Sam. x. 2.
ZEMARAIM Josh. xviii. 22 Kh. es Sŭmrah (?) 14 One of the towns of Benjamin, named between Beth-arabah (site not known) and Bethel (Beitin). Generally believed to be the large ruin Sŭmrah, north of Jericho. Robinson (B. R. i. 569.) (Mem. III. 174; Sh. XVIII.)
ZEMARAIM, Mount 2 Chr. xiii. 4 Not identified — In Mount Ephraim—?in the neighbourhood of Zemaraim of Josh. xviii. 22.
ZENAN Josh. xv. 37 Not identified — One of the towns of Judah—to be found somewhere in the Shefelah—next to Hadashah and Migdal-gad. In Micah i. 11. Zaanan.
ZEPHATH Judg. i. 17 Not identified See Hormah.
ZEPHATHAH The Valley of 2 Chr. xiv. 10 Wâdy Safieh* 13 ‘At or belonging to Mareshah.’ The name Wâdy Safieh applies to the leading valley which passes ‘Beit Jibrîn,’ 2½ miles to the north-east of Mareshah.—Conder.
ZER Josh. xix. 35 Not identified — A fortified town of Naphtali. Probably somewhere on the south-west side of the Sea of Tiberias. Mentioned between Ziddim (Hattin) and Hammath (Hummam Tabariya.)
ZERED, The Brook Deut. ii. 13, 14 — See Zared—the Valley of.
ZEREDA (R.V. ZEREDAH) 1 Kings xi. 26 Surdah (?)* 10 This site was identified with Kh. Serada on the east edge of Merj el ʾAyûn, west of Banias, by R. Gerson in 1561 A.D. (Mem. I. 96; Sh. II.) The village Surdah, west of Bethel, is now proposed by Capt. Conder. (Mem. II. 295; Sh. XIV.) Was the birth-place of Jeroboam.
ZEREDATHAH (R.V. ZEREDAH) 2 Chr. iv. 17 Not identified 10 ‘In the plain of Jordan.’ In 1 Kings vii. 46 Zarthan (A.V.), Zarethan (R.V.) See Zarthan.
ZERERATH (R.V. ZERERAH) Judg. vii. 22 Not identified 10 ‘As far as Beth-shittah (Shutta) toward Zererah.’ See Zartanah.
ZIDDIM Josh. xix. 35 Hattîn (?) 6 The Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah i.) identifies this place with ‘Kefr Chittai.’ Apparently the village Hattîn, west of the ‘Sea of Galilee.’ A fortified town of Naphtali. (Mem. I. 365; Sh. VI.)
ZIDON or SIDON Gen. xlix. 13; Josh. xix. 28; Judg. i. 31; x. 6; xviii. 28; 2 Sam. xxiv. 6; 1 Kings xvii. 9; Ezra iii. 7; Is. xxiii. 2, 4, 12; Jer. xxv. 22; xxvii. 3; xlvii. 4; Ezek. xxvii. 8; xxviii. 21, 22; Joel iii. 4; Zech. ix. 2; 1 Esd. v. 55 Saida 2 An ancient and wealthy city of Phœnicia, on the coast, 25 miles south of Beirout. (Porter’s Handbook for Syria and Palestine, 1858; Robinson’s Biblical Researches, iii.)
ZIKLAG Josh. xv. 31; xix. 5; 1 Sam. xxx. 1, 14, 26; xxvii. 6; 2 Sam. i. 1; iv. 10; 1 Chr. iv. 30; xii. 1, 20; Neh. xi. 28 ʾAslûj (?) 20 Named between Hormah and Madmannah a town of Simeon in Judah. The name ʾAslûj, applied to a heap of ruins south of Beersheba and 7 miles to the east of Bered (Khalasah), was first discovered by Mr. Rowlands in 1842. (See Williams’s Holy City, i. 463–468; Robinson’s Biblical Researches, ii. 201.) The name is not very close to the Hebrew, but is a possible corruption.
ZIN, The Wilderness of Num. xiii. 21; xx. 1; xxvii. 14; xxxiii. 36; xxxiv. 3; Deut. xxxii. 51; Josh. xv. 1 — In Num. xxxiv. 4; Josh. xv. 3, simply Zin. A portion of the desert country west of the Wâdy Arabah containing Kadesh.
ZION 2 Sam. v. 7; 1 Kings viii. 1; 2 Kings xix. 21; 1 Chr. xi. 5; 2 Chr. v. 2; Ps. ix. 11, 14; xiv. 7; xx. 2; xlviii. 12; l. 2; li. 18; liii. 6; lxix. 35; lxxvi. 2; lxxxiv. 7; lxxxvii. 2, 5; xcvii. 8; xcix. 2; cii. 13, 16, 21; cx. 2; cxxvi. 1; cxxviii. 5; cxxix. 5; cxxxii. 13; cxxxiii. 3; cxxxiv. 3; cxxxv. 21; cxxxvii. 1, 3; cxlvi. 10; cxlvii. 12; cxlix. 2; Is. i. 8, 27; ii. 3; iv. 3; x. 24; xii. 6; xiv. 32; xxviii. 16; xxx. 19; xxxi. 9; xxxiii. 5, 14, 20; xxxiv. 8; xxxv. 10; xl. 9; xli. 27; xlvi. 13; xlix. 14; li. 3, 11, 16; lii. 1, 7, 8; lix. 20; lx. 14; lxi. 3; lxii. 1; lxiv. 10; lxvi. 8; Jer. iii. 14; iv. 6; viii. 19; ix. 19; xiv. 19; xxvi. 18; xxx. 17; xxxi. 6, 12; l. 5, 28; li. 10, 24, 35; Lam. i. 4, 17; ii. 6; iv. 2, 11; v. 11; Joel ii. 1, 15, 23; iii. 16, 17, 21; Amos i. 2; vi. 1; Micah iii. 10, 12; iv. 2, 11; Zeph. iii. 16; Zech. i. 14, 17; ii. 7; viii. 2, 3; ix. 9, 13 — Jerusalem. The modern Arabic ‘Sahyûn’ is correct equivalent of Zion, according to Gesenius, the meaning of the word being ‘sunny,’ and a valley and ruin called Sahyûn now exists 1½ miles west of the present city wall. The word Zion does not occur in the works of Josephus, the name Jerusalem being used instead. (Conder’s Handbook, p. 336.)
ZION, Mount 2 Kings xix. 31; Ps. ii. 6; xlviii. 2, 11; lxxiv. 2; lxxviii. 68; cxxv. 1; cxxxiii. 3; Is. iv. 5; viii. 18; x. 12, 32; xvi. 1; xviii. 7; xxiv. 23; xxix. 8; xxxi. 4; xxxvii. 32; Lam. v. 18; Joel ii. 32; iii. 17; Obad. xvii. 21; Micah iv. 7; 2 Esd. ii. 42 — One of the hills of Jerusalem.
ZIOR Josh. xv. 54 Siʾaîr (?)* 14 Mentioned next to Hebron in Judah. Eusebius and Jerome (Onomasticon) mentions it as a village between Aelia (Jerusalem) and Eleutheropolis (Beit Jibrîn). Probably Siʾaîr, 4½ miles north of Hebron. (Mem. III. 309; Sh. XXI.)—Conder.
ZIPH (1) Josh. xv. 24 Not identified — A town in the south of Judah.
ZIPH (2) Josh. xv. 55; 1 Sam. xxiii. 14, 15, 24; xxvi. 2; 2 Chr. xi. 8 Tell Zîf 14 Now the ruins and Mound called Tell Zîf, south of Hebron and next to Carmel and Yuttah. (Mem. III. 315; Sh. XXI.) Robinson (B. R., i. 492).
ZIPH, Wilderness of 1 Sam. xxiii. 14 14 The rugged country east of Tell Zîf.
ZIPHRON Num. xxxiv. 9 Not identified — Named next to Zedad as one of the places on the limit of the north boundary line of the Promised Land.
ZIZ, Cliff of (R.V. ZIZ, The Ascent of) 2 Chr. xx. 16 Wâdy Hŭsâsah 14 Probably = Hazezon Tamar; the name surviving in the valley called Hŭsâsah, near ‘En Gedi.’—Conder. The Pass of ‘Ain Jîdy.’—Robinson (B. R., i. 508, 527, 530).
ZOAN Num. xiii. 22; Ps. lxxviii. 12, 43; Is. xix. 11, 13; xxx. 4; Ezek. xxx. 14 San — An ancient city of Lower Egypt. The ruins near Lake Menzaleh. In Judith i. 10 Tanis.—(Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
ZOAR = BELA Gen. xiii. 10; xiv. 2, 8; xix. 22, 24, 30; Deut. xxxiv. 3; Is. xv. 5; Jer. xlviii. 34 Tell esh Shaghûr (?)* 14 The original name was Bela. Probably the mound of Tell esh Shaghûr marks the ancient site. It is on the south side of Wâdy Hesbân near the edge of the plain at the foot of the hills. Zoar meaning small, which in Arabic is Saghîr. Shaghûr signifies ‘soft soil’ in Arabic. (Conder’s Handbook to the Bible and Primer, p. 38; Heth & Moab, p. 150.)
ZOBA OR ZOBAH 1 Sam. xiv. 47; 2 Sam. viii. 3, 5, 12; x. 6, 8; xxiii. 36; 1 Kings xi. 23, 24; 1 Chr. xviii. 3, 5, 9; xix. 6; 2 Chr. viii. 3 — A district which formed a separate kingdom in the time of Saul, David and Solomon. Extending north-east and eastwards of Coele Syria, towards the Euphrates. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)
ZOHELETH, The Stone 1 Kings i. 9 Zahweileh 14 ‘Near the well of Rogel.’ The cliff Zahweileh, on which the present village stands, opposite ‘En-rogel.’ (Mem. III. 53; Sh. XVII.)—Clermont-Ganneau.
ZOPHIM, The Field of Num. xxiii. 14 Talʾat es Safa* 15 ‘We can have little hesitation in identifying the “Field of Zophim” with the plateau of arable land, a rich red field at the top of “Talʾat es Safa,” from which the knoll of limestone called “Râs Neba” (Mount Nebo) rises some 50 feet on the west. The word, signifying views, comes from a root identical with the Arabic Safa, “clear” or shining.’—(Eastern Survey, Quarterly Statement, p. 9; Conder’s Heth & Moab, p. 130.)
ZORAH Josh. xix. 41; Judg. xiii. 2, 25; xvi. 31; xviii. 2, 11; 2 Chr. xi. 10 Surʾah 14 In Neh. xi. 29 Zareah; Joshua xv. 33 Zoreah. A town of Dan. Now the village ‘Surʾah,’ on the north side of the Valley of Sorek, opposite ‘Beth Shemesh.’ One of the fenced cities of Rehoboam. (Mem. III. 158; Sh. XVII.)
ZUPH, The Land of 1 Sam. ix. 5 Not identified — This name has not been recovered. (See Conder’s Primer of Bible Geography, p. 91.) It is thought by some to be personal (see 1 Sam. i. 1.)
THE END.
BILLING AND SONS, PRINTERS, GUILDFORD.