CABINET OF BIOGRAPHY. (continued 10)
Reading edition
95
Nuptials of Gonzaga and Marguerite of Savoy
1608.
95
(7th of October.) His Death
1612.
95
TORQUATO TASSO, SON OF BERNARDO TASSO.
Their Ancestors
98
Bernardo Tasso appointed Secretary of State to Ferrante Sanseverino, Prince of Salerno
1493.
99
His Marriage with Portia Rossi
100
(11th of March.) Torquato Tasso, his Birth
1544.
101
Bernardo Tasso joins his Patron in the War
102
Infancy of Torquato
103
Return of Bernardo from the War
103
The Prince of Salerno and his Adherents declared Rebels
1552.
104
Bernardo, his Exile
104
Torquato Tasso, his Separation from his Mother; Lines written by him on this Occasion
105
He and Cowper compared
107
Death of his Mother
1556.
108
Torquato Tasso at Rome with his Father
108
Is implicated in his reputed Treason
109
His Letter to Vittoria Colonna on the Marriage of his Sister Cornelia
110
Letter of Bernardo to his Daughter
110
Bernardo flies to Ravenna
111
He is invited to Pesaro
111
Vicissitudes of Bernardo Tasso
112
Torquato Tasso, his Studies
114
Boileau
115
"Joan of Arc"
117
"Curiosities of Literature"
118
Torquato translates his Father's Poems and Letters
118
"Amadigi"
119
Torquato Tasso studies Jurisprudence at Padua
122
His "Rinaldo"
122
Epic Poetry
125
"Gerusalemme Liberata"
126
Torquato leaves the Study of the Law, and repairs to Bologna
127
He returns to Padua and establishes the Degli Eterei
128
His "Discourses on Heroic Poetry"
130
He visits his Father at Mantua
1564.
130
His Illness
131
Bernardo Tasso, his Death
1569.
131
Torquato Tasso appointed one of the personal Attendants Cardinal D'Este
131
Zoilus
131
Torquato Tasso at Ferrara, in the Service of Cardinal Luigi
1565.
132
Marriage of Alfonso Duke of Ferrara
132
Death of Pope Pius IV.
133
Torquato becomes acquainted with Lucretia and Leonora Este
133
A quotation from his "Aminta"
134
Marriage of the Princess Anna of Este with the Duke Guise
1568.
136
Marriage of Lucretia D'Este with the Prince of Urbino
136
Torquato Tasso accompanies the Cardinal Luigi, as Legate, the Court of France
138
Two or three Anecdotes related of him
139
Arrival of Tasso at Rome
1572.
140
His Reception by Pope Pius V.
140
Admitted into the Service of the Duke Alfonso
140
His "Aminta"
141
His "Torindo" and "Torrismondo"
143
His Illness
144
His Escape to Rome, with the Duke Alfonso's Consent
146
He returns to Ferrara
146
An Incident occurs to him which establishes him a Hero
147
His Malady
148
Is confined as a Lunatic by the Duke Alfonso
148
Efforts of the Duke to calm his Mind
149
His Love for the Princess Leonora
149
He visits his Sister
150
Committed as a Lunatic to St Anne's Hospital
1579.
152
His Letter to Scipio Gonzaga
152
Death of the Princess Leonora
1581.
156
Its Effect on Tasso
156
Liberation of Tasso
1586.
157
His Controversy with the Della Cruscan Academy
158
His last Work, "Sette Giornate"
158
He recovers his Mother's Dowry
158
The Pope grants him a Pension
158
Manso, his Account of his Interview with Tasso during Time he supposed he was visited by a Spirit
159
(25th of April.) Death of Tasso
1594.
161
His Works
161
CHIABRERA.
His Birth
1552.
163
His Parentage
163
His Childhood
163
Enters the Service of Cardinal Comaro Camerlingo
164
His disastrous Residence at Rome
163
His Studies
164
His Style
165
His Elegiac Poems
166
A Quotation from Wordsworth's Translation
166
Generous Overtures of Charles Emanuel
167
He refuses
168
His Death
1637.
168
TASSONI.
His Birth
1565.
169
His early Life
169
Obtains the Degree of Doctor of Laws at the University of Bologna
1585.
169
Visits Rome; enters the Service of Cardinal Colonna; sent by him to obtain Permission of Pope Clement VIII. to accept the Viceroyalty of Aragon; his Success
1597.
170
His Works
1622.
171
His Death
1635.
173
MARINI.
(18th of October.) His Birth
1569.
174
He opposes his Father's Wishes to become a Lawyer; turns him out in consequence
174
Publishes his "Canzoni de' Baci"
1589.
174
Concerned in some youthful Scrapes
175
Accompanies Cardinal Aldobrandini to Turin
175
His literary Quarrels
175
Marini publishes his Poem on the Murder of the Innocents
176
He accepts the Invitation of Marguerite of France
176
Her Death before his Arrival
176
Is received by Mary de' Medici
176
He publishes his "Adone"
1623.
177
He returns to Rome
178
(25th of March.) His Death
1625.
179
FILICAJA.
(30th of December.) His Birth
1642.
180
His Parentage
180
His Education
180
His Marriage
181
His Odes
181
Kindness and Liberality of Christina of Sweden to Filicaja
182
He is appointed Governor of Volterra
182
His Return to Florence; his Character: his "Ode to the Virgin"
183
His Death
1717.
184
METASTASIO.
His obscure Origin
185
(13th of January.) His Birth; his Name
1698.
185
His Adoption by Vincenzo Gravina
185
His first Tragedy, "Giustino"
186
His Letter to Algarotti
187
His Letter to Don Saverio Mattei
188
Death of his adopted Father Gravina
189
His Studies
189
His Imprudence
189
Commences the Study of the Law at Naples
190
He composes his "Orti Esperidi"
190
He quits his Legal Studies
191
And resides at the House of the Prima Donna Marianna Bulgarelli
191
He studies Music
192
Operatic Dramas first introduced at Florence
1594.
192
Metastasio composes his "Didone Abbandonato;" also his "Siroe"
1724.
192
He accompanies the Prima Donna to Rome
193
He writes his Drama of "Cato"
1727.
193
He is invited to become the Court Poet of Vienna
1729.
193
Apostolo Zeno
194
Metastasio fulfils his Engagement to the Roman Theatre
1730.
194
He enters on his Employments at Vienna; Success of his Dramas
194
Becomes Treasurer of the Province of Cosenza, in Naples
195
His Letters to Marianna Bulgarelli
196
Her Death
1733.
198
Metastasio's Letters to his Brother on her Death
198
His Style
200
His "Attilio Regulo"
201
"Themistocles" and "Olimpiade:" his Dramas
202
His Canzonetti
203
Death of the Emperor Charles VI.
1740.
203
Francis I. elected Emperor
1745.
204
Several European Sovereigns invite Metastasio to their Court
204
His Malady
204
His Letters
205
His Letter to his Brother on the Death of his Father
205
Death of his Brother Leopold
1770.
208
Farinelli
1737.
208
Death of Philip V. of Spain
1746.
209
Accession of Charles III.
1763.
209
Physical Sufferings of Metastasio
209
Death of the Empress Maria Theresa
209
Doctor Burney's Account of Metastasio
1772.
210
(12th of April.) Death of Metastasio
1782.
211
GOLDONI.
His Birth
1707.
213
His Origin
213
Death of his Grandfather; Pecuniary Difficulties of his Family
1712.
214
Education of Goldoni
215
His Departure with his Family from Perugia
216
Carlo Goldoni studies at Rimini
216
His Parents embark for Chiozza
216
Description of Chiozza
216
Goldoni escapes from Rimini
217
He arrives at Chiozza
218
He studies the Law under his Uncle, at Venice
219
His Success at the University of Pavia
1723.
220
His Expulsion, and the Cause of it
221
Returns to his Parents
221
He pursues his Legal Studies at Modena
222
He determines to become a Monk
223
Prudent Conduct of his Parents on this Occasion
223
Goldoni becomes Coadjutor to the Chancellor of Feltri
224
He falls in Love
224
He joins his Father at Ravenna
1731.
225
Death of the elder Goldoni
225
Goldoni enters the Profession of Barrister, at Venice
225
An Incident occurs which destroys his Prospects
226
His Tragedy of "Amalasunta"
228
Its Fate
229
Buonafede Vitali
229
Siege of Milan
1733.
230
Journey of Goldoni to Modena
230
Disasters which he met with
231
His "Belisarius" acted at Vienna
1734.
232
Good Fortune which he meets with at Genoa
233
His Marriage
233
He attempts to reform the Italian Theatre
233
The old Comedy of Italy
234
Goldoni obtains the Genoese Consulship at Venice
235
He meets with a Ragusan Adventurer
235
His Play on the Subject
1741.
235
His Life at Rimini
236
His Journey to Cattolica, and the Misfortune that befell him
237
He becomes a Pleader at the Pisan Bar
238
His Comedies
238
His Style
239
The Plot of his "Donne Puntigliose"
240
Story of the "Donna Prudente"
241
His "Pettegollezzi"
241
The Subject of "Villeggiatura" and the "Smanie della Villeggiatura"
242
His other Comedies
243
He receives an Offer from the French Court
1760.
245
His Debût as an Author in the French Capital
1761.
246
His Death
1792.
246
ALFIERI.
The Italian Poets of the early Ages
247
(17th of January.) Birth of Vittorio Alfieri
1749.
250
His noble Origin
250
His Childhood
251
His Education
252
Account of the Academy of Turin
252
System of Education
253
Effect of Music on the Mind of Alfieri
255
Circumstances of his Life altered by the Death of his Uncle
256
Change of his Situation in College
1763.
256
Effect of this on his Conduct
256
His Extravagance
257
His Confinement
257
His Liberation on the Marriage of his Sister Julia
1764.
258
His Return to College
259
His Journey to Genoa
1765.
259
He enters the Provincial Army of Asti
1766.
260
His dislike of Military Discipline; he obtains Leave of Absence
260
His Tour
261
His second Leave of Absence; his second Tour
265
His first Entrance into Paris
265
His enthusiastic Feelings on visiting England
266
He returns to Turin, and resides with his Sister
267
He takes another Tour
1769.
268
His second Visit to England; his Love Adventure
269
He returns to Paris
271
His Quarrel with his Servant
271
Returns to Turin, and becomes a Cavaliere Servente
1772.
272
He determines to break off this disgraceful Intercourse
1774.
274
His first Attempt at Composition
274
He enters into an Engagement with the Public to write Tragedies
1777.
276
He visits Siena; his Friendship with Francesco Gori
278
He visits Florence
279
His Attachment for Louisa de Stolberg, Countess of Albany
280
He makes a Donation of his Property to his Sister Julia
280
The distinguishing Marks of his Dramas
282
Distinction between Shakspeare and other Dramatic Writers
283
Alfieri, his Tragedy of "Philip," its Subject
284
He continues the _Amico di Casa_ of the Countess of Albany
286
Cruel Conduct of her Husband
286
She is separated from him
286
Alfieri at Rome with the Countess
287
He completes his fourteen Tragedies
1782.
288
His Intercourse with the Countess of Albany begins to excite Censure
289
He goes into voluntary Exile in consequence of his Sufferings
290
He visits England to purchase Horses
1783.
290
He returns to Italy
291
His Visit to the Countess of Albany at Alsatia
291
He composes his "Agis," "Sofonisba," and "Mirra"
291
Death of his Friend Gori
292
Returns to Siena
292
Countess of Albany visits Paris
293
She goes to Baden, where she is joined by Alfieri
293
Residence of Alfieri at Colmar
293
His Illness; visited by his Friend the Abbate Caluso
1787.
293
The Countess at Paris; Alfieri joins her
293
Death of her Husband
294
Corrected Editions of Alfieri's Tragedies
294
His Translation of the Comedies of Terence
1790.
294
His Treatise on "Princes and Literature;" Critique on his Style
295
He accompanies the Countess of Albany to England
1791.
296
They return to Paris
296
(10th of August.) The French Revolution
1792.
296
Imprisonment of Louis XVI.
296
Departure of the Countess and Alfieri from Paris; their Furniture, Horses, and Books confiscated
297
They return to Florence
297
The Tragedy of "Saul" acted, Alfieri performing the Part of the King
298
He studies the Greek Language
299
Invasion of Italy by the French
299
Alfieri and the Countess leave Florence
299
French driven from Tuscany
299
Second Invasion of the French; Effect of these political Events on the Mind of Alfieri
300
(8th of October.) His Death
301
His Tomb
301
MONTI.
Arcadian Poetry
303
(19th of February.) His Birth
1754.
305
His Parentage
305
Italian Farmers
305
Early Boyhood of Monti
306
Anecdote of him
306
His Studies at Faenza
307
Destined by his Father to Agricultural Labour; his Dislike of this Occupation
307
Ineffectual Attempts of his Father to overcome this
308
His first Italian Poem; he adopts Alighieri as his Model
308
His "Vision of Ezekiel"
308
Cardinal Borghese takes Monti under his Protection; he accompanies the Cardinal to Rome
309
The Arcadians of the Bosco Parrasio celebrate the Quinquenalli of Pius VI.
1780.
309
Monti made Secretary to the Duke of Braschi
309
His want of political Integrity
310
His Ode on the Marriage of the Duke of Braschi
311
His Ambition excited by the Emulation inspired by Alfieri
1779.
311
His "Aristodemo" acted at Rome with great Success
1787.
312
Plot of this Tragedy
312
Marriage of Monti
313
Hugh Basseville
314
Sent by the French to spread their Revolutionary Tenets beyond the Alps
314
His History of the French Revolution
315
His Assassination
1793.
315
(January 19th.) Louis XVI. beheaded
315
Monti, his Poem, the "Basvilliana"
315
His Poem on the French Revolution
316
His Plagiarism
316
Spread of French Republicanism
317
Defeat of the Austrians
317
(January 3d.) Cisalpine Republic erected
1797.
318
Monti meets General Marmont at Rome
318
He proceeds with him to Florence
318
Monti, his Admiration of Napoleon
318
Made Secretary of Foreign Affairs at Milan
319
He suffers Persecution
319
A Law passed by the Cisalpine Republic
319
Monti loses his Situation in consequence
319
His "Musogonia"
319
Subject of his Poem entitled "Prometeo"
320
He obtains the Professor's Chair of Belles Lettres in Brera
321
Suvaroff and the Austrians drive the French from Italy
1799.
321
End of the Italian Republics
321
Deplorable Destitution of Monti during his Exile
321
Goes to Pans on the Invitation of Mareschalchi
322
He composes a Hymn and an Ode on the Victory of Marengo
322
He returns to Italy
323
His Poem, the "Mascheroniana"
323
His Tragedy, "Caius Gracchus"
325
The Cisalpine Congress meet at Lyons
1802.
326
Bonaparte made President
326
Monti, his Ode to Napoleon in the Name of the Congress
326
He obtains a Professorship at Pavia
327
Goes to Milan, where a Number of Offices are conferred on him
327
Napoleon crowned King of Italy
1805.
327
Monti commanded to celebrate the Event
327
He composes his "Il Benificio"
328
His "Spada di Federico"
329
His "Palingenesi"
329
His "Jerogamia"
331
Remarks on "the Winged Horse of Arsinoe"
332
Translation of the Iliad
332
Visconti, his Praise of Monti's Iliad
333
Overthrow of Napoleon
1814.
333
Monti loses all his public Employments
333
Pensions bestowed on him by the Emperor of Austria
333
He composes the "Mistico Omaggio"
334
His other Works
335
Marriage of his Daughter
1812.
335
Her Poem "On a Rose"
335
The Della Crusca Controversy
336
Different Dialects of Italy
336
Bocca Romana
337
Florentine Dialect
337
Dispute of Monti with the Tuscans
338
Extracts from his Letters to his Friend Mustoxidi
338
Monti resides at Milan
340
Beauty of his Recitation
341
Extract of his Letters to a Friend on the Classic and Romantic Schools
341
Monti resides with his Daughter and Son-in-law, at Pesaro
1821-1822.
343
Monti, his Letter to his Wife
1821.
343
Another Letter to his Wife
344
His Letter, giving a Picture of Italian Manners
1822.
345
His Visit to Pesaro on the Death of his Son-in-law
347
His Letter to his Friend Mustoxidi
347
His Illness
1823.
348
(13th of October.) His Death
1828.
350
His Character
350
His Person
351
UGO FOSCOLO.
His Birth
1778.
354
His Origin
354
The Ionian Islands
355
Foscolo studies at Padua under Cesarotti
355
His Tragedy of "Thyestes" represented at Venice
1797.
357
Foscolo becomes a voluntary Exile
357
His "Letters of Jacopo Ortis"
357
His Opinion of Bonaparte
359
He visits Tuscany
360
And Florence
360
He goes to Milan; Description of the Cisalpine Republic
361
Foscolo becomes acquainted with Monti
361
Likeness between him and his imaginary Hero, Ortis
362
His unfortunate Attachment for a Pisan Lady
362
He joins the Lombard Legion
363
Invasion of the Austrio-Russians
1800.
363
Foscolo joins the French Army at Genoa
363
Siege of Genoa
364
Foscolo, his Letter to Bonaparte
364
(June 4th.) Surrender of Genoa
365
Conveyance of the Garrison to France by the English Fleet; Foscolo accompanies them
365
"Ortis"
366
Comparison between Goethe's "Werter" and "Ortis"
366
Person and Manners of Foscolo
369
Meeting of a Congress at Lyons to reform the Cisalpine Republic
1802.
370
Foscolo, his "Oration to Bonaparte"
370
Foscolo holds a Commission in the Italian Legion
372
His Translation of Sterne's "Sentimental Journey"
373
He becomes intimate with General Caffarelli
1805.
375
The Brescians
375
Foscolo, his "Ode on Sepulchres"
375
He is made Professor of Eloquence in the University of Pavia; his Introductory Oration
1808.
377
He incurs the Displeasure of Bonaparte
378
Loses his Professorship, and retires to the Lake of Como
375
Description of the Lake
375
His Tragedy of "Ajax"
379
Its Politics found fault with; he is persecuted in consequence
380
He is exiled from Milan, and visits Tuscany
380
Manifesto of Lord William Bentinek
1813.
382
Treaty of Fontainebleau
382
Foscolo, his Adherence to the Cause of Liberty
384
His Conversation with Pecchio
385
He resides in Italy
385
Lord Castlereagh
386
Arrival of Foscolo in England
386
His Retreat at St. John's Wood
387
Pecchio visits him
1822.
387
Foscolo, his "Ricciarda"
388
The Story on which it is founded
388
Dedicated to Lord William Russell
388
Lady Dacre interests herself in behalf of Foscolo
1823.
389
Description of Foscolo's House at South Bank
389
Imprudence of Foscolo; his pecuniary Difficulties
392
(October 10th.) His Death
1827.
392
His Character
393
TABLE, ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL, TO THE THIRD VOLUME OF LIVES OF EMINENT LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MEN OF ITALY, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL.
INTRODUCTION.
A. D.
PAGE
Preliminary Remarks
1
Aborigines of Spain
2
Silius Italicus
2
Lucan
2
The Senecas
2
The Roman Power in Spain annihilated by the Visigoths
3
Anecdotes of the Goths
3
Conquest of Spain by the Moors
3
The University of Cordova founded by Abdorhaman III.
4
Settlement of the Jews in Spain
4
Arabic Authors
5
The Romances Moriscos
5
Troubadours
5
Mosen Jordi de Sant Jordi
6
The Redondillas
7
The Cancionero general and the Romancero general
9
Quotation from Doctor Bowring's Translation of the Redondillas
9
Romances of Chivalry
10
Vasco Lobeira
1325.
10
Alphonso X., surnamed the Wise
11
The Cultivation which he bestowed on the Castilian Language
11
His Works
11
The Alphonsine Tables
11
Alphonso XI.
11
Spain desolated by Civil Wars
12
Juan Ruiz
12
John II., his disastrous Reign
1407.
12
The Marquis of Villena institutes Floral Games
13
His Death
1434.
13
Marquis of Santillana
13
Marcias, his melancholy Fate
13
Juan de Mena, the Ennius of Spain
1412.
14
His Birth
14
His Origin
14
He studies at the University of Salamanca
14
His Works
15
His Death
1456.
15
Quintano, his Opinion of the "Labyrinto"
15
Juan de Enzina, Author of the first Spanish Plays
17
His Birth
17
His Songs and Lyrics
18
His Name becomes proverbial in Spain by his Song of Contraries or Absurdities
18
A Quotation from Doctor Bowring's Translation
18
Union of the Crowns of Castile and Arragon
19
Castilian adopted as the classic Language of the Country
20
BOSCAN.
The first Spanish Poet who introduced the Italian Style
21
His Birth
1500.
21
His noble Descent
21
His Marriage
21
Chosen Governor to the Duke of Alva
22
Andrea Navagero, the Venetian Ambassador
1525.
22
His Arrival at the Court of Charles V. at Toledo; he meets with Boscan and Garcilaso
22
He induces them to quit their national Redondillas
22
This Circumstance referred to by Boscan in the Dedication of his Poems to the Duchess of Soma
23
A Translation of one of Garcilaso's Poems
24
Translation of the Epistle of Boscan to Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
26
Petrarch and Boscan compared
1543.
34
GARCILASO DE LA VEGA.
His illustrious Descent
36
His Birth
1503.
37
Accession of Charles V.
38
Death of Cardinal Ximenes
38
Election of Charles to the Imperial Crown, and his intended Departure for Germany
38
Revolution in Spain in consequence
38
Garcilaso distinguishes himself at the Battle of Pavia
39
His Marriage
1528.
39
Invasion of Hungary by Solyman
1532.
39
Garcilaso falls into Disgrace at Court
39
His Exile
39
His Ode in Commemoration of his Imprisonment
40
Muley Hassan driven out of Algiers by Barbarossa, who possesses himself of it
40
He fortifies the Citadel
41
Algiers invested by the Emperor Charles
41
Garcilaso serves in the Imperial Army; his Gallantry nearly proves fatal to him
41
Return of Charles to Italy
41
Garcilaso, his Residence at Naples
41
Quotation from his Elegy to Boscan
42
(5th of August.) Cardinal Bembo, his Letter to a Friend in Commendation of Garcilaso
1535.
42
His Letter to Garcilaso
44
Charles V. enters France; he recals Garcilaso, and confers on him the Command over eleven Companies of Infantry
45
Epistle of Garcilaso to Boscan from Vaucluse
45
Death of Garcilaso while attacking a Tower
1536.
46
His Character
47
His Children
47
His second Eclogue
47
Quotation from it
49
Translation of his Ode to the "Flower of Gnido"
50
MENDOZA.
His numerous Titles
58
His Birth
1500.
58
His noble Extraction
58
Originality of his Genius
59
He studies Theology in the University of Salamanca
59
He leaves the Clerical Profession
59
Appointed Ambassador to Venice
59
Deputed to attend the Council of Trent
1545.
60
He is made Governor and Captain General of Siena
1547.
60
The Salvi
60
A new Oligarchy erected in Siena
1545.
61
Revolt of Siena
61
Mendoza, his Government; he leaves Siena; on the Death of Paul III. he repairs to Rome to watch the Progress of the Conclave
62
The Sienese take Advantage of his Absence, and solicit the Aid of the French King
63
Mendoza applies to the Pope for Assistance; he evades his Request
63
Loss of Siena to the Emperor
1552.
63
Recal of Mendoza to Spain
1554.
64
Battle of St. Quentin
1557.
65
Mendoza present at it; characteristic Adventure related of him
65
He composes his Work on "The History of the War of the Moriscos in Granada"
65
A complete Edition of his Works published
1776.
67
Death of Mendoza; his Character
1775.
67
Critique on his Poetry
68
LUIS DE LEON.
Preliminary Remarks
70
His Birth
1527.
71
His Childhood
71
Becomes Doctor of Theology to the University of Salamanca
72
His Election to the Chair of St. Thomas
1561.
72
His Enemies
72
He translates the Song of Solomon into Spanish, for which he is imprisoned by the Inquisition at Valladolid
1572.
72
His Odes to the Virgin written during his Imprisonment
73
His Liberation
1576.
76
He visits Madrid
76
He is elected Vicar-General of his Province
1591.
76
(23d of August.) His Death
76
His Person
76
His Character
77
His Theological Works
78
His Translations
78
A Quotation from one of his Odes, and a Translation of it
79
FERNANDO HERRERA.
An Account of him by Rodrigo Caro
83
Opinions of different Spanish Writers on his Poems
86
His "Ode to Sleep"
87
SAA DE MIRANDA.
His Birth
1494.
88
Style of his Poetry
88
JORGE DE MONTEMAYOR.
His Birth
1520.
89
Origin of his Name
89
He emigrates to Castile
89
His Work "Diana," critical Remarks on it
89
Supposed Time of his Death
1661.
92
CASTILLEJO.
Fernando de Acuna
1580.
92
Gil Polo
1550.
92
Cetina
93
Cristoval Castillejo
1596.
93
His Satires
93
THE DRAMATISTS.
"Celestina, Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea"
95
The Plot of this Play
95
A Translation of the Amphitryon of Plautus, printed, and of the Electra of Sophocles
1515.
96
Perez de Oliva
96
Obscurity of the earliest regular Dramas written in Spanish
97
Bartolomé Torres Naharro, his Dramatic Writings
97
Lope de Rueda, his Birth
98
Account of him by Cervantes
98
His Plays
99
State of Literature under Charles V.
100
Originality the Distinctive of the Spanish Character
101
ERCILLA.
Preliminary Remarks
103
(7th of March.) Don Alonso de Ercilla; his Birth
1533.
104
His Ancestors
104
His Education
104
He is made Page of Honour to Prince Philip
104
Ambition of Charles V.
105
Insurrection of the Araucanos in South America
105
The Charge of subduing them committed to Geronimo de Alderete
105
Ercilla leaves the personal Service of the Prince, and follows the Adelantado to the East
106
Expedition of Don Garcia against the Araucanos
106
Ercilla distinguishes himself in the Indian War
107
Philip II. succeeds to the Throne of Spain
108
Ercilla escapes an early and disastrous End
109
Cruelties committed by Lope de Aguirre on the Indians at Venezuela
110
Ercilla returns to Spain; his Marriage
1562.
111
He is appointed Chamberlain to Maximilian II.
112
His Destitution and Abandonment
1580.
112
The supposed Time of his Death
1595.
113
His Character
113
His "Araucana;" Analysis and partial Translation of it
115
Critique on it
116
CERVANTES.
Preliminary Remarks
120
(9th of October.) His Birth
1547.
123
His Origin
123
His early Studies
123
Death of Isabella of Valois, Wife of Philip II.
1569.
124
Lopez de Hoyos
124
Cervantes quits Madrid
125
He enters the Service of the Cardinal Acquaviva
1568.
125
He visits Rome
1569.
126
He enlists under General Antonio Colonna in the Campaign against the Turks
126
The combined Fleets of Venice, Spain, and the Pope assemble at Messina
1571.
126
(7th of October.) Battle of Lepanto
127
Gallant Conduct of Cervantes
127
He is wounded, and remains in the Hospital at Messina six Months
128
Don John of Austria
1572.
128
Second Campaign against the Turks
128
The Spaniards alone prosecute the War
128
Attempted and unsuccessful Assault on the Castle of Navarino
128
The Venetians sign a Peace with Selim
1573.
129
Cervantes enters Tunis with the Marquis de Santa Cruz, and returns to Palermo with the Fleet
129
Cervantes obtains leave to return to Spain
129
The Galley he embarked in attacked by an Algerine Squadron
129
He is taken Prisoner by the Arnaout Captain
130
Piracies carried on by the Algerine Corsairs
131
Their System
131
Interesting Details of the Captivity of Cervantes
131
His Tale of the "Captive"
131
His first Attempt at Escape with some of his Companions
1576.
133
Its Failure
133
Gabrièl de Castañeda ransomed; he brings Letters from Cervantes to his Father
133
His Father unable to procure Money to ransom both him and his Brother; Cervantes gives up his Share to secure the Freedom of his Brother
1577.
134
He arranges another Plan of Escape
134
He is purchased by Hassan Aga
1578.
137
He concerts a new Plan of Escape with the Renegade Abd-al-Rhamen
1579.
138
Is again betrayed
138
His Liberation
140
He refutes certain Calumnies, of which he was the Object
141
Landing of Cervantes in Spain
1581.
142
He again enters the Army; he embarks in the Squadron of Don Pedro
143
He serves in a naval Battle under Santa Cruz
1582.
143
Also at the Taking of Terceira
1583.
143
He publishes his "Galatea"
1584.
145
His Marriage
145
He accepts the Situation of Commissary to the Invincible Armada
1588.
147
His Office abolished
1593.
148
He manages the Affairs, and becomes the Friend, of Don Hernando de Toledo
148
His two Sonnets
149
The Subject of the first
149
A magnificent Catafalque erected in the Cathedral of Seville on the Death of Philip II.
1598.
149
Sonnet of Cervantes to the Monument of the King at Seville
151
Anecdote of a mercantile Casualty which happened to Cervantes; financial Annoyance
1594.
151
Another Anecdote
1597.
152
He removes to Valladolid
1603.
153
He becomes the Victim of litigious Proceedings
154
He composes his "Don Quixote"
155
He returns to Spain
1604.
156
A Story respecting the Dedication of "Don Quixote" to the Duke of Bejar
157
Disputes respecting the Existence of the "Buscapié"
1605.
158
Satires against "Don Quixote"
160
James I. of England sends Lord Howard to present a Treaty of Peace to Philip III., and to congratulate him on the Birth of his Son
161
An Account of these Festivities, written by Cervantes
161
An Event occurs by which Cervantes is greatly distressed
161
He follows the Court to Madrid
1606.
163
Despotism and Bigotry extend their Influence over Spain
163
Kindness of Don Bernardo de Sandoval, Archbishop of Toledo, to Cervantes
163
Count of Lemos made Viceroy of Naples
1610.
164
The Argensolas, surnamed the Horaces of Spain
164
Disappointment of Cervantes at their Neglect
164
Anecdote of Philip III.
165
The Censorship of "Don Quixote" intrusted to Francisco Marquez Torres
1615.
166
His Account of the Neglect with which the Spaniards treated Cervantes
166
Preface to the "Twelve Tales" of Cervantes
1608.
167
He publishes his "Voyage to Parnassus"
1614.
168
Preface to his Work, "Comedias y Entremeses"
169
Poetic Games
1615.
170
The "Don Quixote" of Avellanada
170
Indignation of Cervantes on its Publication
171
Illness of Cervantes
172
His Excursion from Esquivias to Madrid
1616.
172
His Adieu to the World
173
His Dedication to his Protector, the Count of Lemos
174
(23d of April.) His Death
174
His Will
174
His Character
175
His "Galatea"
175
His "Numantia;" the Plot of this Play
176
His Comedy of "A Life in Algiers"
178
Godwin's Opinion of "Don Quixote"
182
Remarks on "Don Quixote"
182
Extracts from "Voyage to Parnassus"
184
LOPE DE VEGA.
His Career and that of Cervantes compared
189
Epithets of Praise heaped on him
190
His Birth
1562.
190
His Parentage
191
His Boyhood
191
An Adventure related of him while at School
192
He becomes the Protégé of Geronimo Manrique, the Grand Inquisitor
193
He enters the University of Alcala
193
He enters the Service of the Duke of Alva
194
His "Arcadia;" a Detail of the Story
195
Publication of the "Arcadia"
1598.
198
Lope de Vega leaves the Duke's Service
198
His Marriage
199
He is engaged in a Duel, which causes him to go to Valencia
199
He returns to Madrid; Death of his Wife
200
He becomes a Soldier, and joins the Invincible Armada
1588.
200
His Eclogue to Claudio
200
His Sonnets
1604.
200
A Translation of two of his Sonnets
202
Some Account of his "Dorotea"
204
Sanguine Expectations of the Invincible Armada
209
Piratical Expeditions of Drake and Hawkins excite the Animosity and Vengeance of the Spaniards
209
An animated Description of the setting forth of the Invincible Armada, by Lope de Vega
210
He composes "The Beauty of Angelica"
210
He returns from the Armada, and enters the Service of Count Lemos
1590.
211
His second Marriage
211
His Work, "The True Lover"
1620.
212
Extracts from his Epistles
213
Uncertain Dates of the various Events of his Life
216
Canonisation of St. Isidro
1598.
217
The Reputation of Lope de Vega awakens the Enmity of Rivals and Critics
217
His War with Gongora
218
His unexampled Popularity
1616.
219
His Novel
1621.
219
His "Soliloquies on God"
220
His Poem on the Death of Mary Queen of Scots
220
Exaggerated Account of the Quantity of his Writings
220
Anecdote of him and Montalvan
221
Extract from his Poems
222
His Presentiments of his approaching Dissolution
1635.
225
(18th of August) His Death
226
His Funeral
226
His Person
227
His Character
227
The "Dragon tea"
228
The "Jerusalem"
229
Difficulties of establishing the Theatre in Spain
230
Spanish Theatres
231
Analysis of the "Star of Seville," by Lord Holland
233
Sacred Dramas and Autos Sacramentales of Lope de Vega
235
Incongruities of his Plots
236
VICENTE ESPINEL. ESTEVAN DE VILLEGAS.
The Poetry of Spain
238
Birth of Vicente Espinel
1544.
239
His Parentage
239
His Death
1634.
240
Birth of Estévan Manuel de Villégas, named the Anacreon of Spain
1595.
240
His Parentage
240
His original Anacreontics published
1618.
240
His Marriage
1626.
241
His Death
1669.
241
Translation of one of his Sapphics
242
GONGORA.
(11th of July.) His Birth
1561.
243
His Parentage
243
A cursory Review of his Life
243
(24th of May.) His Death
1627.
244
His Person and Disposition
245
His early Poetry
245
His Style
245
His "Song of Catherine of Arragon"
246
Extract from his Songs
247
His System
248
Quotations from Lope de Vega, showing the Absurdity of Gongora's Style
248
The "Polyphemus" of Gongora
252
Extract from his "Solitudes"
252
QUEVEDO.
The Talent and Genius of the Spaniards during the fourteenth and fifteenth Centuries
255
Their Energies and Genius blighted by the Infamy of the Political Institutions
256
(September.) Birth of Quevedo
1580.
256
His Parentage
256
He enters the University of Alcalà
256
A Circumstance occurs which obliges him to quit the Court
257
He takes refuge in Italy
258
Don Pedro Giron Duke of Osuna
258
His Character
258
The Court of Philip III.
258
Quevedo sent as Ambassador to Madrid
259
His Success; a Pension bestowed on him
259
Duke of Osuna advanced to the Viceroyalty of Naples; his Victories over the Turks
259
The Spanish Power threatens to become omnipotent in Italy
260
Charles Emanuel endeavours to make head against it
260
The Duke of Osuna opposes the Venetians
260
The lawless and dishonourable Means he takes
260
He protects the Uscocchi against the Venetians
260
The Merchants of Naples and the French make Representations at the Court of Madrid in consequence
260
Osuna ordered to suspend Hostilities
260
The Bedmar Conspiracy
1618.
261
Quevedo and Osuna supposed to be implicated in the Plot
262
Quevedo escapes from Venice
262
Osuna continues Viceroy of Naples; he is suspected of intending to arrogate Power independent of the King
263
He is ordered to return to Madrid
263
Cautious proceedings of the Court with respect to him
264
Cardinal Don Gaspar de Borgia is named his Successor
264
Return of Osuna to Spain
264
His Imprisonment and Death
1624.
264
Quevedo, his attachment to Osuna
1620.
264
He is suspected of participating in his treasonable Designs
265
His Imprisonment in consequence
265
His Liberation
265
He is made Secretary to the King
1632.
266
He leaves the Church, and marries
1634.
266
His Wife dies
266
His own Words, alluding to his evil Fate
267
He is suspected of being the Author of certain Libels; is arrested and imprisoned in Consequence
1641.
268
Two Letters of his
269
His Memorial to Count Olivarez
270
His Liberation
271
(September 8th.) His Death
1647.
272
His Person
272
His Character
272
His Style
273
A singular Circumstance appertaining to his literary Career
274
Critique on his Prose Writings
275
His "Vision of Calvary"
276
His "Alguazil possessed"
277
CALDERON.
Misrule and Oppression destroy the Spirit and Intellect of Spain
278
Luzan
278
Moratin
278
Birth of Calderon
1601.
279
His illustrious Descent
279
He enters the University of Salamanca
279
He leaves Salamanca
1620.
280
He enters the Military Service
1626.
280
He serves in the Milanese and Flanders
280
He is recalled to Court
1637.
280
Innumerable Dramas appear under the patronage of Philip IV.
280
He summons Calderon to his Court
281
Marriage of Philip VI. with Maria Ana of Austria
1650.
281
Calderon quits the military Career, and becomes a Priest
281
He becomes Chaplain to the Royal Chapel at Toledo
1654.
282
(May 29th.) His Death
1687.
282
His Character
282
Characteristics of his Plays
283
Character of his Poetry
285
THE EARLY POETS OF PORTUGAL RIBEYRO—GIL VICENTE—SAA DE MIRANDA—FERREIRA.
Original Portuguese Tongue
288
Alphonso Henriquez, Founder of the Portuguese Monarchy
288
Portuguese Poetry
289
Bartolomeo Diaz doubles the Cape of Good Hope
1487.
289
Vasco de Gama visits the Shores of India
289
A Portuguese Kingdom founded in Hindostan
290
Bernardim Ribeyro, the Ennius of Portugal
290
Saa de Miranda, Founder of Portuguese Poetry
291
Gil Vicente, the Portuguese Plautus
292
Antonio Ferreira, the Portuguese Horace
292
His Death
1569.
293
His Style
293
CAMOENS.
Camoens and Cervantes, their Destiny similar in many Respects
295
The "Lusiad," Translation of it
1817.
295
Origin of the Family of Camoens
295
Derivation of his Name
296
Vasco Perez de Camoens takes the Part of Castile against Portugal
1370.
297
Birth of Camoens
1524.
298
Foundation of the University of Coimbra by King Diniz
1308.
299
Camoens enters the University of Coimbra
1537.
300
Extract from his fourth Canzone
301
Another Extract from another
301
He leaves Coimbra
1545.
302
His Arrival at Court
302
He falls in Love; his Sonnet in Commemoration of this Occasion
303
The Poetry of Camoens and Petrarch compared
304
Translations of Camoens' Sonnets, by Doctor Southey
306
Exile of Camoens from the Palace
306
Writes several of his Lyrics during his Banishment
307
Lord Strangford's Translation of an Elegy written at this Time
307
Bravery of Camoens while with the Troops at Ceuta
1550.
310
Loses one of his Eyes in a naval Engagement in the Straits of Gibraltar
310
He embarks for India
1553.
310
Don Alfonso de Noronha, Viceroy of Goa
312
Camoens joins the Armament sent from Goa against the King of Cochin
312
Returns to Goa
312
Death of Antonio de Noronha
312
Camoens' Letter to a Friend, inclosing a Sonnet and Elegy on his Death
313
Dom Pedro Mascarenhas succeeds Noronha in the Viceroyalty of Goa
1554.
315
Cruising of the Mahometans detrimental to the Portuguese
315
Expedition of de Vasconcellos to protect the Merchantmen
315
Camoens joins this Expedition
315
Returns to Goa, and writes his ninth Canzone
1555.
315
Extortion and Tyranny of the Portuguese Government
316
Causes Camoens to write his Satire, "Follies of India"
316
Departs from Goa in the Fleet which Barreto despatched to the South
1556.
317
Is appointed Commissary
317
Description of Camoens' Grotto at Macao
318
He composes the "Lusiad"
318
On his Return to Goa he is wrecked on the River Mecon
319
Arrives at Goa; the Kindness with which he is received by the new Governor, Dom Constantine de Braganza
320
Accused of Malversation in the Exercise of his Office at Macao
320
Extract from the "Lusiad"
320
Camoens pursues his military Career in India
321
He commemorates the Death of Dona Catarina de Atayde
322
Pedro Barreto appointed Governor of Sofala in the Mozambique
323
Camoens accompanies him
323
His dependent State
323
Quarrels with Barreto
323
Arrival of his Indian Friends, who supply his Wants, and invite him to accompany them
324
Barreto refuses to let him go until he paid 200 Ducats
324
He accompanies his Friends home
325
Arrives at Lisbon
1569.
325
The Plague at Lisbon
325
Political State of the Kingdom disadvantageous to Camoens
325
The "Lusiad" published
1571.
326
Melancholy Circumstances attending the last Days of Camoens
327
Defeat of Sebastian in Africa
1578.
328
Its Effect on Camoens
328
Last Scene of Camoens' Life
1579.
328
His Tomb
329
His Person
329
A Review of his Life
330
Extract from the "Lusiad," and a Critique on it
332
INDEX
A.
ABDORBHAMAN III., his efforts for the advancement of literature, III. 4. Abreu, Duarte de, III. 324. Acciajuolo, the seneschal, of Naples, I. 142. Acquaviva, cardinal, III. 125. Aga, Hassan, dey of Algiers, III. 138. Aguirre, Lope de, III. 110. Agyropylo, Giovanni, I. 163. Alfieri, Vittorio, his birth and parentage, II. 250. His early education; placed at a public school at Turin, 252. System of education pursued at the academy, 253. Progress of his education, 255. Circumstances of his life greatly altered, 256. Anecdote characteristic of the obstinacy of his disposition, 258. Visits his mother at Genoa, 259. Admitted as ensign into the provincial regiment of Asti, 260. Visits Rome and Naples under the care of an English catholic, 261. Regards coldly those objects which render Rome a city of absolute enchantment, 262. Visits France and England, 263. Singularities of his character, 261. Circumstances of his entrance into Paris, 265. His enthusiasm on visiting London, 266. Becomes really in love, 267. Disappointed in a matrimonial project proposed to him by his brother-in-law, 268. Comes of age, according to the laws of his country, and sets out on his travels with an income of 1200l. a-year, and a large sum in ready money, 268. Visits England; his attachment to a lady of rank, 269. Is challenged by her husband, 270. Leaves his unworthy mistress, and pursues his travels, 271. Anecdote characteristic of the violence of his temper, 272. Becomes a cavalier servente to a lady of rank, 273. Determines to break off the disgraceful intercourse, 274. Gives the first token of the spirit of composition, in a sonnet in commemoration of the freedom he had acquired, 274. At the age of seven and twenty, enters into the difficult engagement with the public and himself, to become the writer of tragedies, 275. Difficulties which he had to overcome, 276. Resolves to pass six months in Tuscany, to learn, hear, and feel Tuscan only, 277. His labours in literature confined chiefly to formation of style, 278. Commencement of his friendship with Gori, 279. Commencement of his attachment to Louisa Stolberg, countess of Albany, 280. Energy and conciseness the distinguishing marks of his dramas, 282. Outline of his tragedy, entitled "Philip," 284. Takes up his residence at Rome, 286. Remarks on his sacred dramas, 287. His continued intimacy with the countess of Albany, 288. Goes into voluntary exile, to prevent any actual measures of prohibition and banishment, 290. Returns to Italy after two years, absence, 291. Outline of his tragedy, entitled "Myrrha," 292. Accompanies the countess of Albany to Paris, and establishes himself there, 293. Betakes himself to writing the memoirs of his life, 294. Remarks on his translation of the Æneid, 295. Driven from France by the revolution of 1791, 296. Returns to Florence with the countess of Albany, 297. His translation of "Sallust," an excellent specimen of style, 293. At the age of forty-six, applies himself with ardour to the study of the Greek language, 299. His melancholy increased by the irritation caused by political events, 300. His last illness and death, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, 301. Translation from a sonnet, in which he describes his own person, 302. Alfonso, duke of Ferrara, I. 207. Allegri, Francesco, I. 145. Alphonso X., his zeal for literature; his poetry, III. 11. Alphonso XI., his poems, III. 12. Amalasunta, the Gothic queen of Spain, III. 3. Andrea, prince of Hungary, I. 91. Angelo, Michael, I. 34. Angulo, doctor Gregorio de, III. 201. Antiquário, Jacopo, I. 165. Aquinas, Thomas, I. 9. Archimedes, II. 3. Aretino, I. 11. Ariosto, Ludovico, his birth, parentage, and early education, I. 196. Composes a drama on the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, 197. Becomes eminent among his contemporaries for the critical skill with which he elucidated obscure passages in Horace and Ovid, 198. The golden age of his life shortened by the death of his father, 199. Obliged, at the age of four and twenty, to turn from quiet to active duties, and exchange Homer for waste books and ledgers, 200. Remarks on his satires, 201. Courted, admired, applauded, and of course envied, in the first circle of Italian society, both for his conversation, his learning, and his poetry, 202. Remarks on his work, entitled "Astolpho's Journey to the Moon," 203. Remarks on his "Orlando Furioso," 204. Sent by the duke of Ferrara, as ambassador to Rome, to pacify the wrath of Julius II., 205. His second embassy to Rome, and uncourteous reception from the pontiff, 206. Singular manner in which the duke retaliates for the indignity shown to himself and his representative, 207. Causes for the principal interruptions in his literary labours, 208. Refuses to accompany the cardinal Hippolito to visit his archbishopric in Segovia, 209. His whimsical letter to his brother Alessandro on the subject, 212. Persuaded to enter into the service of the duke of Ferrara, 217. His literary pursuits retarded by his struggles against the solicitudes, discomforts, and mortifications of narrow and precarious circumstances, 218. His curious reasons for not taking priest's orders, 219. Is patronised by Leo X., 219. His own account of Leo's ingratitude, 220. Extracts from his satires, 222. His description of his visit to Rome, and his specious reception by Leo, 223. Further extracts from his satires, 224. Simple, yet facetious, style of his fables, 225. Appointed to the government of Graffagnana, a mountainous district, lying between Modena and Lucca, 226. Story of a rencontre with some of his uncouth neighbours, 227. Extract from his Fifth Satire, 229. Invited to accept a third embassy to Rome, 230. His reason for refusing, as given in the Seventh Satire, 231. After three years, being released from the cares of his government, he returns with entire devotion of his time and talents to the "Sacred College of the Muses," 232. Anecdote, characteristic at once of his phlegm and his acuteness in his art, 233. Critique on his Seven Satires, 233. His last illness and death, 234. His person and character, 236. No poet of any age has more inseparably identified his conception with his language, 238. Impossibility of translating them, 239. Anecdote of, 241. Whimsical peculiarities of his personal habits, 242. His last hours, 243. Monuments to his memory, 244. Remarks on his works in general, 245. Review of his "Orlando Furioso," 250. Immoral tendency of his writings, 254. Aristotle, II. 5. Attila the Hun, I. 2. Audibert de Noves, I. 68. Ayala, III. 12.
B.
Barbariccia, I. 15. Barbato, the chancellor of the king of Naples, I. 120. Bardi, cavalier de, I. 6. Barlaam, Bernardo, I. 91. Barreto, Pedro, governor of Sofala, III. 323. Barrili, Giovanni, I. 120. Basseville, Hugh, II. 314. Bazan, Don Alvaro, III. 113. Beatrice Portinari, I. 6. Bella, the mother of Dante, I. 2. Bellarmine, cardinal, II. 33. Bembo, Bernardo, I. 35. Bembo, cardinal, I. 204. Benavides, don Diego de, III. 141. Bene, Sennucio del, I. 90. Benedict XII., pope, I. 89. Bermudez, Geronimo, a monk of the order of St. Dominic, author of the first original tragedy published in Spain, III. 97. Berni, Francesco, his birth and early life, I. 188. Notice of his writings, 189. Bianchi, I. 18. Bibbiena, cardinal, I. 188. Boccaccio, Giovanni di, his birth and parentage, I. 116. His early education, 117. His sensations on visiting the tomb of Virgil, 119. His first meeting with Petrarch, 120. His own account of his attachment to the lady Mary, natural daughter of Robert, king of Naples, 121. Description of her person, 122. Outline of his poem, entitled "Filocopo," 123. The first to render the ottava rima familiar to the Italians, 124. Obliged to return to Florence, 125. The "Decameron," a model of the Tuscan dialect, 125. Writes his "Ameto," a composition of mingled prose and verse, the first of the kind, 126. Returns to Naples on his father's second marriage, 126. His description of the plague in Florence, 129. His works preached against and prohibited by Salvanorola, 130. Returns to Florence on the death of his father. Commencement of his intimacy with Petrarch, 131. Sent on various embassies, 132. His political negotiations, 133. His letter to Petrarch, expressing his regret and disappointment on his having taken up his abode at Milan, under the protection of Giovanni Visconti, 133. Petrarch's moderate answer, 134. Popularity of the "Decameron," 134. His disinterested love of letters, and extraordinary efforts to create and diffuse a knowledge of the Greek language and writers, 135. Spends large sums of money in the acquisition of ancient manuscripts, 136. Anecdote illustrative of his anxiety for the possession of them, 136. His unwearied and successful labour in the cause of Hellenic literature, 137. Obtains a decree from the Florentine government for the erection of a Greek professorship in their university, 138. Beneficial change in moral habits brought about by the admonitions and example of Petrarch, 138. The work begun by Petrarch, achieved by a singular circumstance, 139. His letter to Petrarch on the subject, 140. Adopts the clerical dress, and endeavours to suppress those writings which scandalised the pious, 142. Retreats from Florence, and takes up his abode at the castle of Certaldo, 143. Brief review of his later works, 144. Appointed, on two occasions, ambassador to pope Urban V., 145. His letter to Petrarch, describing his visit to the daughter and son-in-law of that poet, 146. Retires to the quiet of Certaldo, where he busies himself in the publication of his work of the "Genealogy of the Gods," 147. Appointed by the Florentine government to the professorship for the public explanation of the "Divina Commedia," 148. His last illness and death, 149. Bojardo, Matteo Maria, his birth, parentage, and early life, I. 181. His marriage and death, 182. Abstract of the story of his "Orlando Innamorato," 183. Boniface, pepe, VIII., I. 66. Borgia, Cæsar, his early life, I. 265. His remorseless cruelty, 267. His conversations with Machiavelli, 268. Anecdote characteristic of his system of government, 279. His downfal, 281. His imprisonment and death, 284. Boscan Almogaver, Mosen Juan, the first Spanish poet who introduced the Italian style, III. 21. Outline of his life, 22. Circumstances which induced him to introduce the Italian style, 23. His translation of Castiglione's "Libro del Cortigiano," 24. Commencement of his friendship with Diego de Mendoza, 25. Translation of his epistles in imitation of Horace, 26. His death, 32. His person, 33. Review of his writings, 34. Boutervek, III. 8. Bowring, Dr. his translation of the Spanish Cancionero, III. 9. Bozzole, Federigo da, II. 66. Bracciolini, Poggio, I. 151. Brossana, Francesco, I. 105. Bruni, Leonardo, I. 18. Bruno, Giordano, II. 4. Bubwith, Nicholas, bishop of Bath, I. 8. Bulgarelli, Marianna, the prima donna, II. 191. Her friendship for Metastasio, 192. Her death, 198. Buondelmonte, Zanobi, I. 304. Burchiello, the word "burlesque" derived from his name and the style of his writings, I. 180. Burney, Dr., his account of his visit to Metastasio in 1772, II. 210.
C.
Cabassoles, Philip de, bishop of Cavaillon, his intimacy with Petrarch, I. 83. Cabral, Antonio, III. 324. Cabral, Fernando Alvares, III. 311. Cacciaguida, I. 2. Caccini, his personal attack upon Galileo from the pulpit, II. 31. Cassalpinus, Andrew, the celebrated botanist, II. 3. Cæsarini, Virginio, II. 37. Caffarelli, general, II. 375. Calderon, don Pedro, his birth, parentage, and early education, III. 279. His fame established as a poet, 280. Enters the military service at the age of five and twenty, 280. Summoned to court by a royal order, for the sake of writing a drama for a palace festival, 281. Quits the army, and becomes a priest, 281. His death and character, 282. Review of his writings, 283. Calistus II., pope, I. 169. Caloria, Tommaso, I. 87. Caluso, the abatte, II. 274. Camara, Ruy Diaz de, III. 327. Camerlingo, cardinal, II. 163. Camoens, Vasco Perez de, his birth and parentage, III. 296. Extract from his "Lusiad," 299. Translation of a sonnet in commemoration of that attachment which shed a disastrous influence over the rest of his life, 303. Compared with Petrarch, 304. Dr. Southey's translation of one of his sonnets, 306. His exile, 307. Mutilated in the wars of his country, but receives neither reward nor preferment, 310. His pathetic description of his friend Noronha's exile, 312. Offers to serve as a volunteer, and accompanies Vasconcellos in his expedition against the Mahometans, 315. Suspected of composing another satire; arrested, and banished to China, 316. Retires from the details of business, to pursue his poetical occupations, 317. Obtains leave to return to Goa; is wrecked at the mouth of the Mecon, 315. Pursues his voyage to Goa, where he is received by the viceroy with kindness and distinction, 320. Extracts from the seventh canto of the "Lusiad," 321. His poem commemorating the death of Caterina d'Atayde, 322. Accompanies Baretto, when he was appointed governor of Sofala, 323. Returns to Portugal, 324. Political state of the country disadvantageous to him, 325. Writes the "Parnasso de Luis Camoens," 325. A pension of 15,000 reis granted to him, 326. His illness and poverty, 327. His interview with the cavalier Camara, 328. His death, 329. His person, 329. Review of his life, 330. Review of his writings, 332. Campaldino, the battle of, I. 14. Camporese, the renowned philosopher, II. 189. Cancionero, the, III. 9. Canigiani, Eletta, the mother of Petrarch, I. 61. Caprona, the siege of, I. 15. Carafa, Federigo, III. 41. Carnescecchi, Pietro, II. 81. Caro, Rodrigo, III. 83. Casavecchia, Filippo, I. 296. Castañeda, Gabrièl de, III. 133. Castelli, Benedetti, II. 28. Castillano, Diego, III. 138. Castillejo, Cristoval, III. 93. Specimen of his style, 94. Cavalcanti, Guido, I. 19. Cavalcanti, Mainardo de', I. 134. Caza, Francesco della, I. 263. Celsi, Lorenzo, doge of Venice, I. 105. Cervantes, III. 120. His birth and parentage; little known of his early life, 123. Enters a student in the university of Salamanca, 124. His poems published at Madrid, 125. Leaves Madrid in the service of cardinal Acquaviva, 125. Visits Rome; changes the whole course of his life; and volunteers to be a soldier, 126. His services during the Turkish war, 127. Wounded in the battle of Lepanto, 128. Receives an increase of pay, and is passed into a company of the tercio of Figueroa, 128. Visits Rome, Florence, Venice, Bologna, Naples, and Palermo, 129. Taken prisoner by an Algerine squadron on his return to Spain, 130. Interesting details of his captivity, 131. Makes several attempts to regain his liberty, 133. Detected in planning his escape; is sentenced to the bastinado, 137. His courage and heroism excite the respect of the friars of the Order of Mercy, who resided at Algiers for the purpose of treating for the ransom of the Christian captives, 139. Ransomed for 500 golden ducats, and left free to return to Spain, 140. Determines to refute certain calumnies of which he was the object, 141. Returns to his native land depressed by poverty, and obscured by want, 142. Becomes again a soldier by profession, 143. First appears as an author in the year 1584, 144. His marriage with donna Catilina de Palacios y Salazar, 145. Commences writing for the theatre; endeavours to rectify the deficiencies of the stage and scenery, 146. Accepts the situation of commissary, and sets out with his family for Seville, 147. His office abolished; he becomes the agent to various municipalities, corporations, and wealthy individuals, 148. During his distasteful employment at Seville, acquires the bitter view of human affairs displayed in Don Quixote, 149. Translation of his verses to the monument of the kings at Seville, 150. Various annoyances which he suffered in his financial occupations at Seville, 151. Anecdote, displaying the style in which justice was carried on in Spain, 152. Removes with his family to Valladolid, 153. His poverty the great and clinging evil of his life, 153. His letter to his uncle during his imprisonment at La Mancha, 154. Writes "Don Quixote" during his imprisonment, 155. Fails in his attempt to introduce himself to the duke of Lerma, 156. Difficulties which he encounters in publishing "Don Quixote," 157. The "Buscapié" attributed to him, 158. Success of "Don Quixote" excites the enmity of the men of letters of his day, 160. Suspected of murder, and thrown with his entire family into prison, 162. Is set at liberty, 162. Publishes his "Voyage to Parnassus," 164. Anecdote, showing the high esteem in which "Don Quixote" was held, 165. Brings cut his "Twelve Tales," which raises yet higher his character as an author, 167. His portrait of himself, in his preface to the "Twelve Tales," 168. His account of the origin of the Spanish drama, and the amelioration that he in his younger days introduced, 169. Publishes his "Persiles and Sigismunda," and the second part of "Don Quixote," 170. His dedication of it to the count of Lemos, 171. His last illness, 172. His interview with the student of Toledo, 173. His farewell letter to the count of Lemos, 174. His death, in the sixty-ninth year of his age, 174. His character, 174. Brief review of his works, 175. Extract from his "Numantia," 176. Extract from the comedy of "Life in Algiers," 178. Extract from his "Voyage to Parnassus," 184. Cetina, III. 93. Charlemagne, I. 2. Charles of Valois, I. 20. Chiabrera, Gabbriello, his birth, parentage, and early education, II. 163. Enters into the service of cardinal Camerlingo, 163. Writes some odes in imitation of Pindar; makes the Greek lyrical poets his models, 164. Wishes to transfuse the spirit of the Greeks into the Italian language, 165. Style of his poetry, 166. Specimen of his serious style, as translated by Wordsworth, 166. His death and character, 168. Chiaramonte, Scipio, II. 44. Chrysoloras, Emanuel, I. 151. Ciani, a Carthusian monk; his visit to Boccaccio, I. 139. Clement VI., pope, I. 89. Colombe, Lodovico delle, II. 28. Colonna, Giacomo, commencement of his friendship with Petrarch, I. 66. Colonna, cardinal, I. 73. Colonna, Vittoria, her birth, parentage, and marriage, II. 77. Her letter to her husband during his imprisonment, 78. Her grief at his death, 79. Extracts from her poems, 80. Her death, 81. Conrad III., emperor, I. 2. Consalvo, the Spanish general, I. 284. Convennole, I. 63. Copernicus, II. 7. Correggio, Azzo, I. 87. Coutinho, Miguel Rodriguez, III. 321. Couto, Diogo de III. 324.
D.
Dante Alighieri, his parentage, I. 1. Born in the spring of 1265, 2. Fable concerning his birth, 3. Extracts from his "Paradiso," and his "Inferno," 4. His early education, 5. Enters upon his noviciate at a convent of the Minor Friars, but withdraws before the term of probation was ended, 6. Story of his early love for Beatrice, 7. Pursues his studies in the universities of Padua, Bologna, and Paris, 8. Supposed to have visited Oxford, 8. High estimation in which his works were held in England, 9. His progress in the schools of divinity and philosophy, 9. His marriage with Madonna Gemma, 10. Style of his poetry, 11. His domestic discomforts, 12. His character as a citizen, a soldier, and a magistrate, 13. Serves among the cavalry in the battle of Campaldino, 14. His extraordinary valour during that engagement; his allusion to it in Canto XII. of the "Inferno," 15. Is again in the field at the siege of Caprona, 15. Extract from Canto XXI. of the "Inferno," alluding to this action, 16. Traditional account of his embassies to the courts of Hungary, Naples, and France, 16. Chosen in the year 1300, by the suffrages of the people, chief prior of his native city, 17. His endeavours to put down the factions of the Bianchi and Neri, 18. Appeals to the people at large to support the executive government, 19. Accused of partiality to the Bianchi, 20. Undertakes an embassy to Rome, to solicit the good offices of the pope towards pacifying his fellow citizens without foreign interference, 21. Anecdote of, 21. During his absence, his dwelling demolished by the Neri, his property confiscated, and a fine of 8000 lire decreed against him, with banishment for two years, 22. Joins himself with the Bianchi, who transfer their affections to the Ghibelines, deeming the adherents of the emperor less the enemies of their country than their adversaries, 23. Withdraws from the confederacy in disgust, 23. Extract from his "Del Paradiso," in allusion to this subject, 24. Extract from his "Purgatorio," 25. Endeavours to obtain a reversal of his unrighteous sentence, 25. Appeals to Henry of Luxemburgh; dedicates his political treatise, entitled "De Monarchia," to that prince, 26. A third decree passed against him; he retires to France, 27. Anecdotes of his caustic humour, 28. Compared with Marius, 29. His mental sufferings during his nineteen years' banishment, 30. His letter, refusing the conditions offered by the Florentine government, 31. His death, on the 14th of September, 1321, 33. His splendid funeral, 34. Monuments raised to his memory, 35. His confiscated property restored to his family, 35. His memory execrated, and his writings proscribed by pope John XXII., 35. His person, as described by Boccaccio, 37. Anecdote of, 38. His family, 39. Notice of his writings, 40. Origin of the "Divina Commedia," 42. Dramatic character of the work, 44. Extract from Canto X. of the "Inferno," 46. His character as a man and a poet, 54. Character of his poetry, 58. Demisiano, II. 15. Demourier, General, II. 315. Digby, Sir Kenelm, II. 11. Donati, Corso, I. 12. Donati Lucretia, I. 156. Dramatists, the, of Spain, III. 95.
E.
Elia, the faithful servant of Alfieri, II. 266. Enriquez, Feliciano, III. 141. Enzina, Juan, style of his writing, III. 17. Translation of one of his songs, 18. Ercilla, don Alonzo de, III. 103. His birth, parentage, and early education, 103. Appointed page to prince Philip, 104. Leaves the personal service of the prince to join the expedition sent against the Araucanos, an Indian tribe, in South America, which had risen against Spain, 106. His account of the expedition, 107. Narrowly escapes an early and disastrous end, 108. Leaves Chili in disgust, without having been duly rewarded for his services, 110. Proceeds to the Terceiras, and thence to Spain, 111. His marriage, 111. Appointed chamberlain to Maximilian, 112. Anecdote of, 112. Only known in the literary world by his poem, "La Araucana," 113. Critique on his poem, 114. Espinel, Vicente, his birth and parentage, III. 239. His death, 240. Este, cardinal Hippolito d', I. 203. Anecdote illustrative of his cruelty, 209. Esto, Bianca d', II. 76. Exarch, Onofrio, III. 138. Ezpeleta, don Gaspar de, III. 161.
F.
Fabricius, John, II. 25. Fabbroni, II. 10. Faggiuolo, signori della, I. 28. Faliero, Marino, doge of Venice, I. 105. Falucci, the conti, I. 28. Fantoni, Sebastian, II. 51. Farinelli, the singer, his friendship for Metastasio, II. 209. Farnese, Orazio, III. 62. Fedele, Cassandra, II. 76. Her death, 76. Feliciana de Vega, III. 227. Fermo, Oliverotto da, I. 266. Ferranti, Pietro, I. 21. Ferrara, Cieco da, his writings, I. 179. Ferreira, Antonio, mentioned as the classic poet of Portugal, III. 292. His death and character, 293. Style of his writings, 294. Ficino, Marsiglio, I. 152. His birth and early education, 159. Brief review of his works, 160. His death, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, 161. Figueroa, don Lope, III. 127. Filicaja, Vincenzo da; his birth, parentage, and early education, II. 180. His marriage, 181. His enthusiastic piety, 181. His characteristics, facil dignity, and clearness, 182. Fills several law offices of great power and emolument, 183. His death, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, 184. Foscarinus, Paul Anthony, II. 51. Foscolo, Ugo, his birth and parentage, II. 354. His early education, 355. Resolves to follow the steps of Alfieri, and to acquire fame as a tragedian; produces his drama of "Thyestes" at the early age of nineteen, 356. Political allusions that gave it its chief interest, 357. Extracts from his work, entitled "Letters of Jacopo Ortis," 358. Leaves Venice, and takes the road to Tuscany, 360. Pursues his way to Milan, the then capital of the Cisalpine republic, 361. His indignation at the sentence passed by the great council against the Latin language, 362. Falls in love with a young lady of Pisa, 362. His attachment not fortunate; he suffers all the throes of disappointment and grief, 363. Becomes an officer in the Lombard legion, 363. His bravery during the siege of Geneva, 364. His letter to Napoleon, 364. Returns to Milan after the battle of Marengo, 365. Increases his fame by the publication of his "Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis," 365. Outline of the piece, 366. Its success immediate and striking, 369. His person, as described by Pecchio, 369. Anecdotes of, 370. Publishes an oration to Bonaparte, 371. Its style forcible and rhetorical, 372. Enters on the study of the Greek language; undertakes the translation of Sterne's "Sentimental Journey," 373. His egotistical account of his own singularities, 374. Undertakes to make a new edition of the military works of Montecucoli, with notes, 375. Writes his "Ode on Sepulchres;" outline of the poem, 376. Publishes his translation of the first book of the Iliad, 377. Installed professor in the university of Pavia, 377. His introductory oration on the origin and use of letters, 378. Retreats from the university, to the seclusion of the Lake of Como, 378. Commences his "Ode to the Graces," 379. Political tendency of his writings, 380. Submits to an exile from Milan, and again visits Tuscany, 381. Style of his writings in general, 382. Resumes his military duties; promoted to the rank of colonel, 384. His conversation with Pecchio; leaves Italy in disguise, and takes refuge in Switzerland, 385. Repairs to England, and is received with open arms by the Whig party, 386. Ceases to be a lion, and retires to the neighbourhood of St. John's Wood, near the Regent's Park, 387. Supports himself chiefly by writing for the Quarterly Review, 387. Outline of his tragedy of "Ricciarda," 388. Delivers a course of lectures on Italian literature, 389. Obliged to provide for daily necessity, by writing for various reviews and magazines, 390. His illness, 391. His death, 392. His character and literary merits, 393. Francesca, daughter of Petrarch, I. 106. Frangipani, I. 1. Franzesi, don Juan, III, 62. Fuccarius, II. 13.
G.
Gærtner, II. 15. Gassendi, II. 15. Galileo, the history of his life and labours, pregnant with a peculiar interest to the general reader, as well as the philosopher, II. 1. His birth and parentage, 2. His early years spent in the construction of instruments and pieces of machinery, which were calculated chiefly to amuse himself and his schoolfellows, 2. Music, drawing, and painting, the occupations of his leisure hours, 3. Papers from the elementary works of geometry to the writings of Archimedes, 3. Writes an essay on the hydrostatical balance, 3. Engaged to investigate the centre of gravity in solid bodies, 4. Appointed lecturer on mathematics at Pisa, 4. His reiterated and successful attacks against the followers and doctrines of Aristotle, 5. Resigns his professorship at Pisa, and is appointed to fill the chair of mathematics in the university of Padua, 6. Obliged to add to his income by the labours of his pen, 6. His own account of his conversion to the Copernican system of philosophy, 7. Teaches the Ptolemaic out of compliance with the popular feeling, after he had convinced himself of the truth of the Copernican doctrines, 8. His reputation widely extended over Europe, 9. Completes the first period of his engagement at Padua, and is re-elected for other six years with an increased salary of 320 florins, 9. His observations on the new star, which attracted the notice of astronomers in 1604, 10. Again appointed to the professorship at Padua, with an augmented stipend of 520 florins, 10. His attention occupied with the examination of the properties of the loadstone, 10. In 1607, he first directs his telescope to the heavens, 11. Solicited by Cosmo de' Medici to return to Padua, 12. The professorship conferred on him for life, and his salary raised to 1000 florins, 13. Invents that form of telescope which still bears his name, 14. Interest which the exhibition of the telescope excited at Venice, 15. The first celestial object to which he applied it, was the moon, 15. His observations on the moon, 16. His examination of the fixed stars and the planets, 17. His discovery of the Medicean stars, 18. Dedicated his work, entitled the "Sidereal Messenger," to Cosmo de' Medici, 19. Reception which his discoveries met with, 20. Resigns his professorship at Padua, and takes up his residence at Florence as philosopher and principal mathematician to the grand duke of Tuscany, 21. The first and sole discoverer of Jupiter and satellites, 22. Excites the curiosity of astronomers by the publication of his first enigma, 23. Visits Rome, where he is received with honour by princes, cardinals, and prelates, 24. Erects his telescope in the Quirinal Gardens, 24. His solar observations, 26. Publishes his discourse on floating bodies, chiefly remarkable as a specimen of the sagacity and intellectual power of its author, 28. His discoveries place him at the head of the great men of his age, 29. His letter to his friend and pupil, the abbé Castelli, to prove that the Scriptures were not intended to teach us science and philosophy, 31. Publishes a longer letter, of seventy pages, defending and illustrating his former views respecting the influence of scriptural language on the two contending systems, 32. Summoned before the inquisition, to answer for the heretical doctrines which he published, 33. Acquitted on condition that he renounced the obnoxious doctrines, and pledged himself that he would neither teach, defend, nor publish them in future, 33. His controversial discussion at Rome, 34. Discovers a method of finding the longitude at sea, 35. Unable, from illness, to partake in the general interest excited by the three comets, which visited our system in 1618, 36. Replies to the attack of Oratio Grassi, in a volume entitled "Il Saggiatore," 37. Undertakes a journey to Rome, to congratulate his friend Barberini upon his elevation to the papal chair, 38. Endeavours to bespeak the good will of the cardinal towards the Copernican system, 39. His theory of the tides, 40. Ties which bound him to the Romish hierarchy, 41. Publishes a work, demonstrating the Copernican system, 42. Influence of this work on the public mind, 43. Summoned a second time before the inquisition, 45. His trial, 46. His defence, 47. Sentence of the court, 49. His abjuration of his doctrines, 50. The sentence of abjuration read at several universities, and his friends and his disciples summoned to witness the public degradation of their master, 52. Returns to Tuscany, 58. His melancholy and indisposition, 53. Obtains leave from the pope to return to Florence, 54. Publishes his "Dialogues on Local Motion," 55. Discovers the moon's diurnal liberation, 55. Becomes totally blind, 56. Renieri undertakes to arrange and complete his observations and calculations, 57. His death, 58. The inquisition disputes his right of making a will, and of being buried in consecrated ground, 58. His character as a man of science, and as a member of the social circle, 60. His person, 61. Gamba, Marina, II. 10. Gano, of Mayence, I. 170. Garcia Sanchez, remarks on his poetry, III. 13. Garibay, Esteban de, III. 162. Gavasa, Alberto, III. 231. Geraldi, Cinthio, I. 28. Giacomo, king of Majorca, I. 147. Gil, Juan, III. 140. Gilbert, Dr., II. 11. Giovanni, queen of Naples, I. 91. Goldoni, Carlo, his birth and parentage, II. 213. His predilection for the drama, 214. Placed at school at Perugia, 215. Taken by his father to Rimini, to pursue his studies under a celebrated professor, 216. Leaves Rimini with a company of strolling comedians, 217. Arrives at Chiozza; his dislike to the medical profession, 218. Repairs to Venice to study law under his uncle, 219. Enters the university of Pavia, 220. Expelled the college for writing a satire; accompanies his father to Udine, where he studies law under an eminent advocate, 221. Proceeds to Modena to pursue his legal studies, 222. His letter to his parents, declaring his resolve of entering the order of Capuchin monks, 223. Returns to Chiozza, cured of every wish to shut himself up in a cloister, 223. Appointed to a situation under government, 224. His account of his first love, 224. Enters the profession of barrister at Venice, 225. Incident which occurred to destroy his prospects, 226. Leaves Venice; obtains letters of introduction at Milan, 227. Failure of his opera, entitled "Amalasunta," 228. Appointed gentleman in the palace of signor Bartolini, 229. Dismissed from his situation; sets out for Modena, where his mother resided, 230. Attacked by robbers on his journey, 231. Installed poet to the theatrical company at Venice; success of his "Belisarius," 232. Accompanies the manager to Genoa and Florence, 233. His marriage, 233. Commences his long meditated reform of the Italian theatre, 234. Obtains the Genoese consulship at Venice, 235. Embarks for Bologna; his journey full of accidents by flood and field, 236. Returns to Rimini, 237. Becomes a pleader once again, and for three years practices at the Pisan bar, 238. Outline of his tragedy, entitled "La Donna di Garbo," 239. His drama on the subject of Richardson's novel of "Pamela," 240. Writes sixteen comedies in the course of one season, 241. His illness occasioned by his extraordinary exertion, 242. Becomes the censor of the manners and satirist of the follies of his country, 242. Outline of his comedies, 243. Invited to Rome during the carnival, 244. Receives an offer from the French court of an engagement for two years, on very advantageous terms, 245. His debût as an author in the French capital, 246. His death, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, 246. Gongora, don Luis de, III. 243. His birth, parentage, and early education, 243. His death, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, 244. His person, 245. Specimen of his style, 246. Lope de Vega, essay upon him and his system, 248. Gonzaga, cardinal, I. 35. Gori, Francesco, II. 278. Grassi, Oratio, II. 37. Gravina, Vincenzo, the celebrated jurisconsult, II. 185. Grazia, M. Vincenzo di, II. 28. Gualdo, Paolo, II. 14. Guarini, Battista, his birth, parentage, and early education, II. 82. Named counsellor and secretary of state by Alfonso, duke of Ferrara, 83. Sent by him to negotiate his election to the Polish throne; his letter to his wife on the subject, 83. His letter to a friend on the subject of his "Pastor Fido," 87. Extract from Fanshawe's translation of the poem, the "Pastor Fido," the principal monument of his poetic genius, 88. Review of the poem looked on as second only to Tasso among the poets of the age, 91. Returns to his post at court; sent on a mission to Umbria and Milan, 92. His pecuniary difficulties and domestic afflictions; leaves Ferrara privately and in haste, 93. Establishes himself at Florence, where he is honourably received by the grand duke Ferdinand, 94. His irascible temper, 94. His death, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, 95. Gubbio, Busone da, I. 27. Guevara, Antonio de, III. 147. Guicciardini, Francesco, his birth and parentage, II. 63. At an early age takes a doctor's degree in law; and is appointed by the government to read the Institute in the university of Florence, 61. His marriage, 64. Sent by the republic as ambassador to Ferdinand, king of Aragon, 65. Sent to receive the pope at Cortona, 65. Named by the pope consistorial advocate, also governor of Reggio and Modena, 66. Prudence, firmness, and severity, the characteristics of his administration, 67. Named lieutenant general of the pontifical army in the ecclesiastical states, 67. Enters, with all the zeal of personal resentment, into the cause of the Medici, 69. Named by the pope governor of Bologna, 70. Retires from the government on the death of Clement VII., 71. Withdraws himself from public life, and retires to his country seat at Montici, 72. Solicited by Paul III. to leave his retreat, and to enter again on public life, 73. His death, 73. His person and character, 74. Guiducci, Marco, an astronomer of Florence, II. 36.
H.
Halam, Robert, bishop of Salisbury, I. 8. Harrington, Sir John, the first English translator of Ariosto, I. 216. Harriot, Thomas, II. 22. Herrera, Fernando date of his birth and family unknown, III. 83. Critique on his poetry; list of his prose works, 84. His "Ode to Sleep," 87. Hohenzoller, cardinal, II. 38. Hoyos, Juan Lopez de, III. 124. Hugh de Sâde, I. 68. Huygens, Constantine, II. 57.
I.
Immola, Benvenuta da, I. 2. Isotta of Padua, II. 76. Istria, count Capo d', II. 392. Isunza, Pedro, III. 148. Ivaldi, don, II. 251.
J.
Jane, queen of Naples, I. 125. Jansen, the inventor of the Dutch telescope, II. 13. John I. of Aragon, III. 6. John of Florence, canon of Pisa, I. 65. John II. of Aragon, his love of poetry and learning secure him the affections of his adherents; and, in the midst of civil commotion, despite his deficiency of resolution, gathers round him a court faithful to his cause, and civilised by its love of letters, III. 12. John XXII., pope, II. 101. Jordí, Mosen Jordi de Sant, the first and best known of the Spanish troubadours, III. 6. Jovius, Paul, I. 257. Julius II., pope, I. 264.
K.
Kepler, II. 19.
L.
Labadini, Lazzaro, II. 169. Landino, Christofero, I. 152. Latini, Brunetto, tutor to Dante, I. 4. Laura de Sâde, her first meeting with Petrarch, I. 68. Her death, 95. Leon, Luis Ponce de, his birth, parentage, and education, III. 71. Style of his writings, 72. Made doctor of theology by the university of Salamanca, 72. Elected to chair of St. Thomas, 72. Confined in a dungeon of the inquisition for translating the Scriptures into the vulgar tongue, 73. Translation of his "Ode to the Virgin," composed during his imprisonment, 74. Liberated at the end of five years, and restored to all his honours and employments, 76. His death, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, 76. His person, 76. His amiable character, 77. Brief review of his writings, 78. Mr. Wiffen's translation of his "Ode on the Moorish Invasion," 79. Lippa Ariosta, I. 196. Lobeira, Vasco, author of the first romance of chivalry, III. 10. Louis of Bavaria, I. 133. Lima, Simon Freire de, III. 151. Luna, don Juan de, III. 61.
M.
Machiavelli, Niccolo, his birth and parentage, I. 257. Placed as secretary under Marcellus Virgil, 258. Elected chancellor of the second court, 259. Named secretary of the Council of Ten, 259. His missions to various sovereigns and states, 259. Convulsed state of Italy at this period, 260. His mission to Caterina Sforza, 262. His letters to the state during this and all his other missions, 262. The great doubt that clouds his character, regards the spirit in which he wrote the "Prince," 263. Accused of being the confidant of Cæsar Borgia in his plots, 264. Sent by the Florentine government to the duke of Imola, 267. His letter to his government on the subject of his mission, 268. His letter to the signoria of Florence, 269. His minute details of his conversations with Borgia, 270. His unsuccessful solicitations to be recalled, 271. His efforts to discover Borgia's secret views, 272. His letters to the government, earnestly desiring to be recalled, 273. His letters, describing Borgia's movements, 274. His account of Borgia's treacherous and cruel act of revenge, 276. Expressions in his letter, characteristic of Italian policy and morals at that period, 277. Returns to Florence, and is replaced by an ambassador of more authority, 278. Outline of "The Decenal," 278. Anecdote relating to Borgia's system of government, related in the "Prince," 279. Sent on a legation to Rome, just at the time of the downfal of Cæsar Borgia, 280. His frequent interviews with the fallen prince, 282. His succeeding embassies, 284. Succeeds in persuading the signoria of Florence to form a native militia, 285. His embassy to the emperor Maximilian, 286. His observations on the state of Germany, 286. Employed to convey to Mantua the money composing a part of the subsidy to the emperor, 287. His letters during this mission disclose a curious system of bribery with regard to the minister of Louis XII., 287. His interview with the French king at Blois, 288. His letter, detailing the expedition of the allies against the republic, 289. Review of his fourteen services, 290. His imprisonment, and liberation, 291. His letter to the Florentine ambassador, 292. Review of his private correspondence, and his other writings, 293. His letter to Vettori, the Florentine ambassador, 294. Analysis of his work, entitled the "Prince," 298. Review of his "Essay on the First Decade of Livy," and his other works, 304. His despairing letters to Vettori, 305. His "Essay on the Reform of the Government of Florence," written at the request of Leo X., 306. His correspondence with Francesco Guicciardini, the celebrated historian, 307. Commences his "History of Florence;" receives a regular but limited salary as historiographer, from Clement VII., 308. Employed to inspect the progress of the fortification of Rome, 309. Returns to Florence full of hope, and is disappointed, 310. His death, 311. His person, ib. Madonna Gemma, wife of Dante, I. 10. Malegucci, Sigismondo, I. 204. Malespina, the marchese, I. 28. Manrique, Jorge, remarks on his poetry, III. 13. Manrique, don Geronimo, grand inquisitor, III. 193. Manso, marquess of Villa, II. 159. Manuel, don Juan, brief review of his works, III. 12. Maraffi, Luigi, II. 31. Marcias, remarks on his poetry, III. 13. His melancholy death. Mariner, Vicente, III. 199. Marini, Giambattista, his birth and parentage, II. 174. Encouraged by Tasso to pursue his poetic career, 174. Publishes a volume of lyrical poetry, which establishes his fame, 175. His literary quarrels, 176. Publishes his "Adone" while at Paris; outline of the story, 177. Returns to Italy; is again involved in literary squabbles, 178. His death, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, 179. Marmont, general, II. 318. Marotto, Domenico, I. 227. Mary, natural daughter of Robert, king of Naples, I. 122. Marzemedici, archbishop of Florence, II. 28. Mascheroni, Lorenzo, a celebrated mathematician, II. 323. Mathew Corvino, king of Hungary, I. 160. Matrapillo, Morato Raez, III. 138. Mayer, Simon, II. 21. Medici, Cosmo de', founder of the Medicean library, I. 152. Medici, Lorenzo de', his early life, I. 152. Devotes most of his time and fortune to the cultivation of literature and the fine arts, 153. Institutes a yearly celebration of the anniversary of Plato's birth and death, 153. His chief merit derived from the revival of his native language, 154. Commentary on his first sonnets, 155. Extract of a translation of one of his sonnets, 156. Brief review of his other poems, 157. His death, at the early age of forty-four, 159. Memmi, Simon, I. 84. Mena, Juan de, the most renowned of the early writers, III. 14. Review of his works, 15. His death, 15. Extracts from his poems, 16. Analysis of the "Labyrinto," 17. Mendoza, don Diego Hurtado de, his birth and parentage, III. 58. His early education, 59. His "Lazarillo de Tormes" declaratory of the originality of his genius, 59. Deputed by Charles V. to attend the council of Trent, 60. Confirms the opinion already entertained of his talents by a learned and elegant oration, 60. Sent as ambassador to Rome; named governor and captain-general of Siena, and ordered to introduce a Spanish garrison, and to build a citadel for its protection, 61. Becomes the object of universal hatred by his haughty and unfeeling conduct, 62. Repairs to Rome, to influence the election of a new pope, 62. Named gonfaloniere of the church, 62. Recalled from the government of Siena to Spain, 63. His philosophical, political, and poetical works, 64. Shows himself an enthusiastic lover of learning, and a liberal patron of learned men, 64. Anecdote of, characteristic of the vehemence of his temper, 65. His "History of the War of the Moriscos in Granada," the most esteemed of his prose works, 66. His death, 67. His character and person, 68. Brief review of his writings, 68. Metastasio, Pietro, his birth and obscure origin, II. 185. At an early age attracts by his talents as improvisatore, 185. Writes a tragedy, entitled "Giustino," at the early age of fourteen, 186. Continues to improvisare verse in company, 187. Evils that result to the intellect perpetually bent on so exciting a proceeding, 188. Sent to study at Magna Græcia, 189. Returns to Rome, and gives himself up to the study of poetry, 189. Removes to Naples; determines to give up poetry, and to study the law, 190. Commanded by the viceroy to write a drama to celebrate the birthday of the empress Elizabeth Christina; success of the piece, 191. Quits the law, and again devotes himself to the Muses, 191. Receives a commission to furnish the Neapolitan theatre with an opera for the carnival of 1724; success of the piece, 192. Receives a letter from prince Pio of Savoy, inviting him to become the court poet of Vienna, 193. Fulfils his engagement of supplying the Roman theatre with two pieces for the carnival, and makes his appearance at Vienna, surrounded by the halo of a recent triumph, 194. Appointed treasurer to the province of Cosenzo, worth annually 350 sequins, 195. His feelings ingenuously expressed in his letters to Marianna Bulgarelli, 196. His letters to his brother on hearing of her death, 198. Peculiar merits of his poetry, and excellencies of his dramas, 200. The "Grazie agli inganni tuoi," and the "Partenza," among the best of his productions, 203. His ill health attributed to change of climate, 204. His life only to be found in his letters, 205. His letters to his brother, 207. His enthusiastic friendship for Farinelli, the singer, 208. His manner of living at Vienna, 210. His letter to Farinelli, 211. His death, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, 211. Miranda, Saa de, a Portuguese poet, born in 1494, and died in 1558; his connection with Spanish poetry, III. 88. Mirandola, Giovanni Pico della, his birth and early education, I. 161. Character of his writings, 161. His death, in the thirty-second year of his age, 162. Moneada, don Miguel de, III. 127. Mondejar, the marquis de, III. 41. Montalvan, friend and disciple of Lope de Vega, III. 189. Monte, cardinal del, II. 4. Montefalcone, Niccolo di, I. 147. Montemayor, Jorge de; his birth and parentage, III. 89. Establishes his fame as an author, by writing his "Diana," 89. Outline and style of the poem, 90. His death, 92. Monti, Vincenzo, his birth and parentage, II. 305. Anecdote of his childhood, 306. His early education, 307. Gives up every other pursuit, and dedicates himself wholly to the cultivation of literature and poetry, 308. Accompanies cardinal Borghese to Rome, 309. Want of political integrity, and ready worship of ruling powers, the great blot of his character, 310. Continues to cultivate his poetic tastes, 311. Success of his tragedy entitled "Aristodemo," 312. Outline of the piece, 313. His marriage, 314. Celebrates the death of his friend Basseville, in a poem entitled "Basvilliana," 315. Outline and style of the poem, 316. Leaves Rome for Tuscany; his familiar intercourse with general Marmont, 318. Becomes a revolutionary poet, 319. Appointed to the survivorship of the professor's chair at Brera, 321. Falls into a deplorable state of destitution, 322. Celebrates his return to his beloved Italy by a beautiful hymn, 323. Outline of his poem entitled "Mascheroniana," 324. Appointed to a professorship in the university of Pavia; named court poet and historiographer, 326. Made cavalier of the iron crown, member of the Institute, and of the legion of honour, 327. Celebrates the event of Napoleon being crowned king of Italy in a poem, entitled "Il Benificio," 328. His poem in celebration of the attempted usurpation of the Spanish throne, 329. Remarks on his poem entitled the "Sword of Frederic," 331. His translation of Ceruti, 332. Writes, by command, a cantata entitled "Mistico Omaggio," 334. The marriage of his daughter, one of the most fortunate incidents of his life, 335. His observations on the subject of a reform of the national dictionary, 336. Extracts from his letters to Mustoxidi on the subject, 336. To another friend, on the same subject, 339. His literary disputes with Mazza, Cesarotti and Bettinelli terminate in mutual friendship and esteem, 341. His letter on the subject of the classic and romantic schools, 341. His letter to his wife, 343. His letter to his friend Mustoxidi, on the death of his son-in-law, 347. Publishes the last volume of his "Proposta," 348. His last illness, and death, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, 349. His public and private character, 350. His person, 351. Montoya, Luisa de, III. 162. Mora, Rodrigo de, III. 127. Mosti, Agostino, II. 153. Muñoz, Fernando, III. 192. Murtola, Gasparo, II. 175. Mustoxidi, II. 333.
N.
Naharro, Bartolomé Torres, one of the earliest Spanish dramatists, III. 97. Mentioned by the editor of Cervantes' comedies, as the real inventor of the Spanish drama, 98. His reforms in the Spanish theatricals, 99. Navagero, Andrea, III. 39. Nasi, Alessandro, I. 287. Negrete, doctor Juan de, III. 226. Neri, I. 18. Noronha, dom Alfonso de, III. 309. Nozzolini, Ptolemy, II. 28.
O.
Obizzo III., marquis of Este, I. 196. Oliva, Perez de, one of the earliest Spanish dramatists, III. 96. Orsino, Paolo, I. 246.
P.
Pacheco, Francisco, the celebrated painter, III. 148. Pachione, Philippo. I. 227. Pajares, Alonso Diaz, III. 122. Panizzi, Dr., I. 168. Pastrengo, William da, I. 84. Paul II., pope, I. 180. Pedrosa, Luis, III. 138. Pellicer, don Juan Antonio, III. 121. Pellicer, don Joseph, III. 202. Pepoli, Geronimo, II. 71. Perticari, count, II. 336. Perugini, Paolo, I. 120. Petracco, Pietro, I. 23. Petrarch, Francesco, his birth and parentage, I. 61. His early life, 62. Sent to study at the university of Montpellier, 63. Sent to Bologna; makes considerable progress in the study of the law, 64. Recalled to France by the death of his father, 64. Abandons the law, and devotes himself to the clerical profession, 65. His sedulous attention to dress, 65. Becomes the favourite and companion of the ecclesiastical and lay nobles who form the papal court, 65. Commencement of his friendship with Giacomo Colonna, 66. His description of Colonna, 67. His character, 67. His first meeting with Laura de Side, 68. Endeavours to merge the living passion of his soul into the airy and unsubstantial devotion of Platonic attachment, 70. His poetic life dated from the time of his attachment to Laura, 71. His predilection for travelling, 72. Becomes an inmate in the house of cardinal Colonna; his unbounded ardour for acquiring knowledge, 73. Visits Paris; continues his travels through Aix-la-Chapelle and Cologne, 74. Visits Rome; his sensations on entering the eternal city, 75. Leaves Italy, and travels through Spain to Cadiz, and northward as far as the sea-coast of England, 76. Makes an excursion to Mont Ventoux, one of the highest mountains in Europe, 76. His letter to father Dionisio Robertis, giving an account of the expedition, 77. Retires to Vaucluse, 78. His manner of life, 79. Extract from a translation of one of the canzoni, as a specimen of his style, 80. Character of his mistress, 82. His intimacy with Philip de Cabassoles, bishop of Cavaillon, 83. His letter to Giacomo Colonna, on his soliciting him to go to Rome, 84. Receives letters from the Roman senate and the university of Paris, inviting him to receive the laurel crown of poetry; he decides in favour of Rome, 85. Repairs to Rome, and is crowned in the capitol with great solemnity, in presence of all the nobles and high-born ladies of the city, 86. Returns to Avignon; takes on himself the office of barrister, and pleads the cause of the Correggio, against their enemies the Rossi, before the pope, and succeeds in obtaining a decision in their favour, 87. His grief on hearing of the death of Thomas of Messina: his extraordinary dream, 88. Named prior of Migliarino, in the diocese of Pisa, 89. His unabated love for Laura, 90. Applies himself to Greek, under Bernardo Barlaam, 91. Writes his work entitled "The Secret of Francesco Petrarca," 91. Sent as ambassador to Naples, to establish the papal claim, 92. Writes letters full of encouragement to Rienzi, the tribune, 93. Repairs to his house at Parma; his extraordinary dream, 94. His grief on hearing of the death of Laura, 95. His record of her death, 95. Gives large sums in charity for the sake of her soul, and causes many masses to be said for the same purpose, 97. Receives a decree of the Florentine republic, reinstating him in his paternal inheritance, together with letters inviting him to accept of a professor's chair in their university, 99. His letters to pope Clement VI.; again solicited to accept the lace of apostolic secretary, which e again refuses, 100. His treatise "On Solitary Life," 101. Induced by the solicitations of Giovanni Visconti to remain in Milan, 102. His conversation with the emperor Charles V., 102. Sent to Vienna to negotiate a peace, and afterwards sent to Paris to congratulate John, 103. His manner of life at Milan, 104. His record of the death of his son; takes up his abode at Padua, 105. His writings compared with those of Dante, 106. His description of Laura's death, 107. Continues to interest himself deeply in the political state of his country, 109. His letter to Boccaccio; his congratulatory letter to Pope Urban V., 110. Is seized with a violent illness on his way to Rome, 111. His treatise, entitled "On my own Ignorance and that of others," 112. His opinion of the "Decameron" of Boccaccio, 113. His death, 114. His will, 114. Peraga, Bonaventura da, I. 114. Petroni, Pietro, I. 139. Pickler, Giovanni, II. 314. Pietro, Francesco Santo, III. 127. Pignoria, Lorenzo, II. 13. Pineda, don Juan de, III. 108. Pio, prince of Savoy, II. 193. Pistolfo, M. Bonaventura, I. 230. Pistoia, Cina da, I. 64. Pletho, Gemisthus, I. 151. Polenta, Guido Novello da, lord of Ravenna, I. 29. Politian, II. 15. Poliziano, Angelo, his birth and parentage, I. 162. Review of his writings, 163. Appointed tutor to the children of Lorenzo de' Medici, 164. At the age of twenty-nine appointed to the professorship of Greek and Latin eloquence in the university of Florence, 165. His death, 167. Porras, doctor Mathias, corregidor of the province of Canta, in Peru, III. 213. Porta, Baptista, II. 14. Portugal, early poets of, III. 288. Pulci, Bernardo, remarks on his works, I. 167. Pulci, Luca, his works, I. 167. Pulci, Luigi, style of his writings, I. 168. Extract from his "Morgante Maggiore," 171. Outline of the poem, 173.
Q.
Quarqualio, Luca, I. 159. Querenghi, his letter to cardinal D'Este, giving an account of Galileo's controversial discussions at Rome, III. 34. Quevedo, don Francisco Gomez de, his birth, parentage, and early education, III. 246. His career checked by a circumstance which may be considered as fortunate, 257. Obliged to fly; takes refuge in Italy, and thence, invited by the viceroy, repairs to Naples, 258. Sent by him as his ambassador to Madrid, to recount his exploits, and explain his designs, 259. Accused of joining in the Bedmar conspiracy against Venice, 261. Continues to escape the vigilance of the senate, and makes his escape in the guise of a mendicant, 262. His political services, 264. His literary productions; his imprisonment and liberation, 265. Several places offered to him, all of which he declines, and gives himself up to study and philosophy, 266. Gives up his church preferments, for the sake of marrying, 266. His playful yet bitter poem, alluding to his evil fate, 267. Suspected of writing libels against the court, arrested, and imprisoned in a dungeon of the Royal Casa de San Marcos de Leon, 268. His letter, describing the squalid wretchedness of his dungeon, 269. His memorial to the count duke Olivarez, 270. His death, 272. His person and character, 272. Critique on his writings, 273.
R.
Real, Lorenzo, II. 56. Renieri, the friend and pupil of Galileo, II. 57. Ribeyro, Bernardim, one of the earliest of the Portuguese poets, III. 290. Riccardi, Nicolo, II. 41. Ricci, Giuliano, I. 312. Ricci, Ostillo, II. 3. Riego, the canon, II. 391. Rienzi, Nicola di, I. 92. Rioja, Francisco de, III. 223. Rios, don Vicente de los, III. 121. Robert, king of Naples, I. 86. Robertis, Father Dionisio, I. 77. Robertson, Dr., II. 22. Rollo, Paolo, I. 238. Romena, count Alessandro da, I. 23. Roxas, Fernando de, III. 95. Author of the first genuine Spanish play, 96. Rucellai, Cosimo, I. 304. Rueda, Lope de, celebrated as an actor and pastoral poet, III. 98. Ruiz, Juan, arch-priest of Hita; brief review of his works, III. 12.