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Lichens

INDEX

Reading edition

Abrothallus De Not., 267

A. Cetrariae Kotte, 264

A. oxysporus Tul., 263

A. Peyritschii Kotte, 264

A. Smithii Tul., 263

Acanthothecium Wain., 322

Acarinae, 271, 397

Acarospora Massal., 183, 331, 390

A. chlorophana Massal., 374, 375, 390

A. glaucocarpa Koerb., 176

A. Heppii Koerb., 377

A. pruinosa (Sm.), 377

A. smaragdula Massal., 388, 393

A. xanthophana (Nyl.), 242

Acarosporaceae, 310, 331

Acarus, 395

Acharius, 1, 10, 123, 126, 133, 141, 149, 156, 185, 192, 304

Acolium, S. F. Gray, 277

Acrocordia gemmata Koerb., 152 (Fig. 90 B)

Acroscyphus, Lév., 320

A. sphaerophoroides Lév., 289

Actinoplaca Müll.-Arg., 327

Acton, xix, 57

Adanson, 9

Aesculus, 253

Agardh, C. A., xx, 21

Agyrium flavescens Rehm, 266

Aigret, 125, 371, 384

Alectoria Ach., 85, 94, 101, 103, 200, 257, 300, 340, 346, 350, 352

A. implexa Nyl., 227

A. jubata Ach., 3, 111, 401, 411

A. nigricans Nyl., 346, 389

A. ochroleuca Ach., 227, 389

A. thrausta Ach., 105 (Fig. 60)

Alectoriaceae, 339

Allarthonia Nyl., 321

Allarthothelium Wain., 321

Allescher, 201

Almquist, 262

Ambergris, 419

Amoreux, 10, 407, 415, 418, 420

Amphidium Nyl., 335

Amphiloma Koerb., 325

Anabæna Bory, 41

Anaptychia Koerb., 341 (see Physcia)

Anapyrenium Müll.-Arg., 315

Anema Nyl., 333, 373

Angiocarpeae, 156

Anthoceros L., 41

Anthracothecium Massal., 316, 350

Anzia Stiz., 90, 299, 339

A. colpodes Stiz., 90

A. japonica Müll.-Arg., 90

Archer, 28

Arctomia Th. Fr., 334

Argopsis Th. Fr., 105, 135, 297, 330

Arnold, 18, 261, 342, 343, 364, 368, 370, 407

Arnoldia minutula Born., 190 (Fig. 108)

Arnott, Walker, 15

Artari, 39, 42

Arthonia Ach., 158, 203, 278, 305, 321, 343, 361

A. astroidea Ach., 202

A. cinnabarina Wallr. (see A. gregaria), 349

A. dispersa Nyl., 365

A. gregaria Koerb., 247, 248

A. lecideella Nyl., 365

A. pruinosa Ach., 145

A. radiata Ach., 78, 365

A. subvarians Nyl., 262

Arthoniaceae, 59, 278, 309, 321

Arthoniopsis Müll.-Arg., 321

Arthopyrenia Massal., 30, 316

A. fallax Arn., 365

A. halizoa A. L. Sm., 383

A. halodytes Oliv., 383

A. leptotera A. L. Sm., 383

A. macrospora Fink, 365

A. marina A. L. Sm., 383

A. punctiformis Arn., 346, 365

A. quinqueseptata Fink, 365

Arthotheliopsis Wain., 327

Arthothelium Massal., 321

Ascolichens, 272, 273, 281, 308, 311

Ascomycetes xix, 178 et passim

Ascophanus carneus Boud., 180

Aspergillus Micheli, 220

Aspicilia Massal., 133, 136, 140 (see Lecanora)

A. atroviolacea (Flot.) Hue, 158

A. flavida (Hepp), 248

Aspidoferae, 9

Aspidopyrenium Wain., 314

Aspidothelium Wain., 314

Asteristion Leight., 337

Asteroporum Müll.-Arg., 316

Asterothyrium Müll.-Arg., 327

Astrotheliaceae, 309, 317, 352

Astrothelium Trev., 317

Athalami, 305

Aulaxina Fée, 322

Azolla Laur., 41

Babikoff, 138

Babington, 18, 350

Bachmann, E., 35, 75, 76, 215, 216, 235, 247, 347, 393

Bachmann, Freda, 162, 179, 181, 186

Bacidia, De Not., 329

B. acclinis (Flot.), 248

B. Beckhausii Koerb., 262

B. flavovirescens Anzi, 280

B. fuscorubella Arn., 249, 365

B. inundata Koerb., 372, 373, 377, 391, 392

B. muscorum Mudd, 248, 368, 370, 377

B. rubella Massal., 365

Bacotia sepium, 399

Baeomyces Pers., 123, 293, 294, 330

B. paeminosus Krempelh., 55

B. placophyllus Ach., 293, 368

B. roseus Pers., 123, 167, 195, 218, 247, 362, 367, 368, 369

B. rufus, DC., 123, 167, 177, 218, 237, 240, 362, 368, 369

Baranetzky, 24

Bary, de, 24, 31, 187, 209, 213

Bauhin, J., 419

Bauhin, K., 3

Baur, 51, 115, 118, 124, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 185, 255

Beckmann, 230, 257

Beechey, 15

Beetle-mites, 397

Beijerinck, 39, 220

Beilstein, 211

Belonia Koerb., 316

Berg, 211

Berkeley, 252, 404

Berzelius, 210

Betula nana L., 95

Bialosuknia, 57

Biatora Koerb., 158, 279, 293 (see also Lecidea), 391

Biatorella Th. Fr., 331

B. cinerea Th. Fr., 375

B. pruinosa Mudd, 217 (Fig. 119)

B. resinae Th. Fr., 355

B. simplex Br. and Rostr., 217 (Fig. 118)

B. testudinea Massal., 375

Biatorina Massal., 245, 291

B. Bouteillei Arn., 363

B. chalybeia Mudd, 386

B. coeruleonigricans A. L. Sm., 367

B. globulosa Koerb., 378

B. lenticularis Koerb., 383

B. prasina Syd., 33, 61

B. (denigrata) synothea Koerb., 33, 204

Bilimbia, aromatica Jatta, 349

B. incana A. L. Sm., 343

B. microcarpa Th. Fr., 262

B. obscurata Th. Fr., 262

B. sabulosa Massal., 370

B. sphaeroides Koerb., 385

Bioret, 320

Birger, see Nilson

Bitter, 64, 79, 94, 97, 131, 140, 143, 147, 148, 149, 151, 176, 240, 242, 253, 257, 261, 267, 337, 397

Blackman, 206

Blackman and Welsford, 179

Blastenia Th. Fr., 340

Blastodesmia Massal., 316

Bohler, 415

Bombyliospora De Not., 329

Bonnier, 29, 36, 47, 65, 189, 232, 253

Bornet, 27, 28, 32, 36, 61, 78, 136, 189

Borrer, 12, 14

Borrera, see Physcia

Borzi, 28, 161, 164

Botrydina vulgaris Bréb., xix, 57

Botrydium pyriforme Kütz., 45

Bottaria Massal., 317

Bouilhac, 42, 140

Braconnot, 214

Brandt, 103, 130

Braun, Fr., 354

Braun, L., 393

Brefeld, 189, 207

Brez, 395

Brooks, F. T., 64, 179

Brown, E. W., 402

Brown, W. H., 168

Bryopogon, see Oropogon

Bryum L., 392

Buchet, 90

Buddle, 4

Buellia, De Not., 263, 280, 291, 302, 308, 341, 347

B. aethalea Th. Fr., 261

B. atrata Mudd, 245, 375

B. canescens De Not., 80, 366, 377, 380, 399

B. colludens Tuck., 382, 386

B. coracina Koerb., 375

B. discolor Koerb., 388

B. leptocline Koerb., 374

B. myriocarpa Mudd, 50, 346, 366, 369

B. parasema Th. Fr., 365, 367, 377

B. Parmeliarum Oliv., 263

B. punctiformis, 50, 202, 207 (Fig. 118)

B. ryssolea A. L. Sm., 380, 382 (Fig. 125)

B. stellulata Mudd, 382, 388

B. triphragmia Th. Fr., 390

B. turgescens Tuck., 367

B. verruculosa Mudd, 261

Buelliaceae, 311, 341

Buxbaum, 6, 10

Buxus sempervirens L., 353

Cactus, 325, 353

Calenia Müll.-Arg., 338

Caliciaceae, 62, 115, 175, 189, 244, 288, 309, 319, 353, 366

Calicium De Not., 184, 201, 277, 319, 361

C. arenarium Nyl., 376

C. corynellum Ach., 376

C. hyperellum Ach., 349, 365

C. parietinum Ach., 202, 367

C. trachelinum Ach., 196, 202, 204

Calkins, 348, 403

Callopisma, see Placodium

Calluna Salisb., 95, 355

Caloplaca Th. Fr. (see Placodium), 340

C. aurantia, var. callopisma Stein., 190

C. gilvella (Nyl.), 276

C. interveniens Müll.-Arg., 276

C. pyracea Th. Fr., 34, 388

Caloplacaceae, 311, 340

Calothricopsis Wain., 333

Calycidium Stirt., 289, 320

C. cuneatum Stirt., 350

Camellia L., 269

Camerarius, 1

Camillea Fr., 276

Campylidium, 191

Campylothelium Müll.-Arg., 317

Candelaria Massal., 339

C. concolor Wain., 365, 388, 399

Candelariella Müll.-Arg., 338

C. cerinella A. Zahlbr., 390

C. vitellina Müll.-Arg., 233, 237, 369, 377, 393, 417

Capnodium Mont., 179

Carpinus Tournef., 240

Carrington, 12

Carroll, 19

Cassini, 21

Catillaria Th. Fr. (see Biatorina), 329

C. Hochstetteri Koerb., 375

Celidiaceae, 265

Cellidium stictarum Tul., 267

Cenomyce Th. Fr., 295

Cephaleuros Kunze (see Mycoidea), 59, 288

Cephaloidei, 303

Cepteus ocellatus, 397

Cerania S. F. Gray, 340

C. vermicularis S. F. Gray, 194, 387

Cetraria Ach., 84, 94, 200, 210, 213, 225, 241, 264, 299, 346, 350, 357, 358, 370, 388, 399

C. aculeata Fr., 211, 241, 262, 299, 300, 355, 369, 384, 385, 386, 387

C. caperata Wain., 264

C. crispa Lamy, 387, 388

C. cucullata Ach., 201, 244, 389

C. diffusa A. L. Sm., 366

C. glauca Ach., 201, 231, 259, 264, 347, 388, 418

C. islandica Ach., 2, 94, 128, 195 (Fig. 112), 210, 212, 221, 227, 231, 241, 338, 355, 387, 401 (Fig. 128), 406, 408, 409, 411, 416

C. juniperina Ach., 201, 246, 416

C. Laureri Kremp., 364

C. nivalis Ach., 201, 210, 389

C. pinastri S. F. Gray, 145, 246, 410

C. tristis, see Parmelia

Chaenotheca Th. Fr., 201, 319

C. chrysocephala Th. Fr., 265, 277, 288

Chalice-Moss, 3

Chambers, 43

Chasmariae, 295

Chevalier, 13

Chiodecton Müll.-Arg., 276, 320, 323, 351, 364

Chiodectonaceae, 59, 278, 309, 323

Chlorella Beij., 56

Ch. Cladoniae Chod., 56

Ch. faginea Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)

Ch. lichina Chod., 56

Ch. miniata Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)

Ch. viscosa Chod., 56

Ch. vulgaris Beyer., 42, 56

Chlorococcus (?Chlorococcum Fr.), 24

Chlorophyceae, xix, 51, 55-60, 61, 272, 324

Chodat, 28, 30, 43, 44, 55, 115, 329

Chroococcaceae, 25

Chroococcus Naeg., 24, 52, 82, 136, 153, 284, 311, 332, 373

Ch. giganteus West, 52 (Fig. 16)

Ch. Schizodermaticus West, 52 (Fig. 16)

Ch. turgidus Naeg., 52 (Fig. 16), 136

Chroolepus Ag., see Trentepohlia

C. ebeneus Ag., 22

Chrysothricaceae, 57, 310, 325

Chrysothrix Mont., 325, 353

C. noli tangere Mont., 325

Church, A. Henry, 421

Church, A. Herbert, 402

Cicinnobolus Ehrenb., 261

Cinchona L., 364

C. cordaminea Humb., 364

C. cordifolia Mutis, 364

C. oblongifolia Mutis, 364

Claassen, 34

Cladina Leight., 112, 122, 253, 292

Cladonia Hill, 9, 13, 23, 38, 44, 55, 56, 80, 81, 95, 104, 106, 172, 213, 237, 241, 242, 257, 262, 329, 344, 346, 347, 355, 358, 372, 375, 385, 391, 399, 408

Cl. agariciformis Wulf., 368

Cl. aggregata Ach., 120

Cl. alcicornis Floerk., 385, 386

Cl. alpestris Rabenh., 125, 211, 349, 369

Cl. alpicola Wain., 122

Cl. amaurocrea Schaer., 118

Cl. bellidiflora Schaer., 119

Cl. botrytes Willd., 173

Cl. caespiticia Floerk., 115, 124, 294, 296

Cl. cariosa Spreng., 113, 120, 295, 296, 368

Cl. cartilaginea Müll.-Arg., 122

Cl. ceratophylla Spreng., 122

Cl. cervicornis Schaer., 113, 120, 122, 243, 384, 387

Cl. coccifera Willd., 113, 118, 368, 369, 370, 387

Cl. cristatella Tuck., 367, 369

Cl. decorticata Spreng., 172 (Fig. 98)

Cl. deformis Hoffm., 226

Cl. degenerans Floerk., 114, 117, 124

Cl. destricta Nyl., 387

Cl. digitata Hoffm., 113, 122, 371

Cl. divaricata Meng. and Goepp., 355

Cl. enantia f. dilatala Wain., 112

Cl. endiviaefolia Fr., 384

Cl. fimbriata Fr., 51, 117, 120, 295, 296, 349, 367, 368, 370, 377; Subsp. fibula Nyl., 119, 369

Cl. flabelliformis Wain., 371

Cl Floerkeana Fr., 173, 296, 362, 370

Cl. foliacea Willd., 112, 113, 120, 122, 240, 295, 296

Cl. furcata Schrad., 117 (Fig. 70), 118, 124, 194 (Fig. 109), 212, 295, 297, 355, 368, 369, 377, 386

Cl. gracilis Hoffm., 115 (Fig. 68), 122, 124, 210, 297, 367, 369, 387

Cl. leptophylla Floerk., 295, 296

Cl. macilenta Hoffm., 362, 366, 367, 369, 378

Cl. miniata Mey., 112, 122

Cl. nana Wain., 112

Cl. Neo-Zelandica Wain., 112

Cl. papillaria Hoffm., 195, 296, 344

Cl. pityrea Floerk., 255, 366

Cl. pungens Floerk. (see Cl. rangiformis)

Cl. pycnoclada Nyl., 345

Cl. pyxidata Hoffm., 2, 44, 110, 111 (Fig. 66), 113, 114, 117 (Fig. 69), 118, 120, 124, 172, 227, 295, 346, 349, 362, 366, 368, 370, 371, 377, 408

Cl. racemosa Hoffm., 387

Cl. rangiferina Web., 56, 95, 117, 119, 120, 210, 211, 215, 227, 231, 237, 238, 253, 267, 293, 297, 349, 355, 357, 369, 386, 388, 400, 411

Cl. rangiformis Hoffm., 271, 295, 366, 368, 386

Cl. retepora Fr., 117, 120 (Fig. 71), 231, 351

Cl. rosea Ludw., 354

Cl. solida Wain., 114

Cl. squamosa Hoffm., 113, 115 (Fig. 67), 118, 210, 243, 295, 366, 368

Cl. sylvatica Hoffm., 95, 112, 117, 119, 271, 349, 366, 368, 369, 385, 400

Cl. symphicarpia Tuck., 367

Cl. tophacea Hill, 8

Cl. turgida Hoffm., 369

Cl. uncialis Web., 112, 120, 369, 387, 389

Cl. verticillaris Fr., 122

Cl. verticillata Floerk., 114, 119, 120, 124, 349, 367, 369

Cladoniaceae, 135, 292, 310, 329, 366, 370

Cladoniodei, 306

Cladophora Kütz., 35, 59, 188

C. glomerata Kütz., 58 (Fig. 30)

Cladophoraceae, 59

Clathrinae, 117, 120

Clathroporina Müll.-Arg., 316

Clausae, 295

Clavaria Vaill., 421

Cleora lichenaria, 399

Cocciferae, 295

Coccobotrys Chod., 30, 40, 56, 315

C. Verrucariae Chod., 57 (Fig. 24)

Coccocarpia Pers., 335

C. molybdaea Pers., 61

C. pellita Müll.-Arg., 166

Coccomyxa Schmidle, 56

C. Solorinae croceae Chod., 56

C. Solorinae saccatae Chod., 56

C. subellipsoidea Acton, 57 (Fig. 25)

Coccotrema Müll.-Arg., 316

Coenogoniaceae, 59, 291, 310, 328

Coenogonium Ehrenb., 23, 35, 69, 182, 246, 291, 328, 351

C. ebeneum A. L. Sm., 22 (Fig. 3), 34, 59, 328, 350, 352, 363

C. implexum Nyl., 352

C. Linkii Ehrenb., 213

Coenothalami, 303

Coleochaete Bréb., 178

Collema Wigg., 6, 9, 21, 23, 25, 30, 48, 69, 87, 132, 165, 173, 200, 230, 284, 305, 334, 367, 392

C. ceranoides Borr., 385

C. cheileum Ach., 161

C. crispum Ach., 161, 180

C. flaccidum Ach., 365

C. fluviatile Sm., 392

C. granulatum Ach., 368

C. granuliferum Nyl., 69, 232, 243

C. Hildenbrandii Garov., 202 (see Leptogium)

C. limosum Ach., xx, 21, 349

C. microphyllum Ach., 160 (Fig. 91), 161 (Fig. 92), 202

C. nigrescens Ach., 20 (Fig. 2), 161, 243, 245, 364

C. plicatile, 409

C. pulposum Ach., 24, 162, 179, 186, 202, 266, 368, 385

C. pustulatum Ach., 373

C. pycnocarpum Nyl., 365

C. tenax Sm., 368

Collemaceae, 27, 53, 69, 160, 241, 244, 266, 284, 306, 310, 334, 364, 384, 396

Collemodes Fink, 162

C. Bachmannianum Fink, 162

Collemodium, see Leptogium

Collemopsidium Nyl., 333, 374

Collybia, Quél., 105

Colonna, 3

Combea De Not., 83

Conida Massal., 265, 267

C. rubescens, Arn., 265

Conidella urceolata Elenk., 265

Coniocarpi, 307

Coniocarpineae, 267, 273, 274, 276, 288, 309, 319

Coniocarpon DC., 305

Coniocybe Ach., 277, 319, 366

C. furfuracea Ach., 246, 376

Conotrema Tuck., 326

C. urceolatum Tuck., 343

Convoluta roscoffensis, 40

Cora Fr., 53, 246, 281, 311, 342, 352

C. Pavonia Fr., 88, 152 (Figs. 86, 87)

Coralloides, 5, 6, 7, 303

Corda, 200

Cordus, 409

Cordyceps Fr., 261

Corella Wain., 153, 311, 342, 352

C. brasiliensis Wain., 154

Coriscium Wain., 285, 288, 319

Cornicularia (Cetraria) Schreb., 388

C. ochroleuca Ach., 355

C. subpubescens Goepp., 355

C. succinea Goepp., 355

Corylus Tournef., 240

Cramer, 409

Croall, 19

Crocynia Nyl., 325

C. gossypina Nyl., 325

C. lanuginosa Hue, 325, 373

Crombie, xxi, 7, 18, 19, 197, 260, 262, 264, 306, 361

Crottles, 415

Cruoria Fr., 73

Cryptothecia Stirton, 331

Cryptothele Nyl., 333

Cudbear, 413, 415

Culpepper, 409

Cunningham, 35, 269

Cuppe-Moss, 3

Cupthongs, 9

Curnow, 19

Cutting, 180

Cyanophili, 308, 310

Cyanophyceae, 309; see Myxophyceae

Cycas L., 40

Cyclocarpineae, 273, 279, 290, 309, 324

Cyperus, 419

Cypheliaceae, 309, 320

Cyphelium Th. Fr., 276, 277, 288, 320

Cyphella aeruginascens Karst., 191

Cystococcus Chod., 55, 56

C. Cladoniae fimbriatae Chod., 56

C. Cladoniae pixidatae Chod., 56 (Fig. 56)

Cystococcus Naeg., 24, 26, 28, 34, 115, 229

C. humicola Naeg., 24, 27, 40, 55

Cystocoleus Thwaites, 23

Cytospora Ehrenb., 204

Czapek, 211, 413

Dacampia Massal., 315

Dactylina Nyl., 340

D. arctica Nyl., 339, 346

Dangeard, 185

Danilov, 37

Darbishire, 18, 26, 51, 64, 77, 86, 90, 92, 101, 103, 110, 130, 147, 148, 166, 167, 171, 175, 180, 181, 253, 256, 299, 324, 342, 346, 347, 377, 389

Darbishire and Fischer-Benzon, 307

Darbishirella A. Zahlbr., 324

Davies, 12, 14

Dawson, 178

De Candolle, 12

Deckenbach, 59

Deer, 401

Delise, 13, 126

Dendrographa Darbish., 324

D. leucophaea Darbish., 103, 213

Dermatiscum Nyl., 331

Dermatocarpaceae, 309, 314

Dermatocarpon Eschw., 80, 81, 276, 288, 315

D. aquaticum A. Zahlbr., 391, 392

D. cinereum Th. Fr., 368

D. hepaticum Th. Fr., 368, 388

D. lachneum A. L. Sm., 88, 368

D. miniatum Th. Fr., 56, 96 (Fig. 56), 173 (Fig. 99), 185, 241, 261, 373, 391, 392, 403

Desfontaines, 10

Diatoms, 220

Dichodium Nyl., 334

Dickson, 9

Dictyographa Müll.-Arg., 322

Dictyonema A. Zahlbr., 54, 153, 311, 342, 352

Didymella Sacc., 276

Didymosphaeria pulposi Zopf, 266

Dillenius, xx, 1, 6, 155, 192, 262, 304, 407

Dioscorides, 2

Diplogramma Müll.-Arg., 322

Diplopodon, 270

Diploschistaceae, 310, 326

Diploschistes Norm., 326

D. bryophilus Zahlbr., 374

D. ocellatus Norm., 247, 248, 374

D. scruposus Norm., 195, 214, 241, 243, 262, 368

Diplosphaera Bial., 57

D. Chodati Bial., 57

Dirina Fr., 73, 83, 290, 323

Dirinaceae, 290, 309, 323

Dirinastrum Müll.-Arg., 290, 323

Discocarpi, 307

Discomycetes, 267, 273

Dodoens, 3

Dog-lichen, 408

Domestic animals (Oxen, horses, etc.), 401

Don, 14

Doody, 4

Dorstenius, 2, 408

Dothidea Fr., 317

Dufour, 11

Dufourea Nyl., 340

Dufrenoy, 42, 260, 269

Dumontia Lamour., 111

Dundonald, Lord, 420

Ectolechiaceae, 69, 310, 327, 352, 363

Egeling, 234

Elaphomyces Nees, 261

Elenkin, 36, 37, 258, 265, 347

Elenkin and Woronichin, 353

Elfving, xxi, 25

Encephalographa Massal., 322

Enchylium Massal., see Forssellia

Endocarpon Hedw., 62, 88, 89, 197, 200, 261, 288, 315, 351, 389

E. monstrosum Massal., 373

E. pusillum Hedw., 28 (Figs. 5, 6)

Endocena Cromb., 339, 340

Endomyces scytonemata Zuk., 38

Englehardt, 354

Enterodictyon Müll.-Arg., 323

Enterographa Fée, 320

E. crassa Fée, 350

Enterostigma Müll.-Arg., 323

Erioderma Fée, 335

Eolichen Zuk., 285, 319

E. Heppii Zuk., 319

Ephebaceae, 54, 284, 310, 331

Ephebe Fr., 23, 25, 27, 30, 38, 68, 201, 284, 322

E. lanata Wain., see E. pubescens

E. pubescens Nyl., 23 (Fig. 3)

Ephebeia Nyl., 332

Epiconiaceae, 307

Epiconiodei, 306

Epigloea Zuk., 313

E. bactrospora Zuk., 313

Epigloeaceae, 57, 309, 313

Erica tetralix L., 95

Errera, 213, 214, 405

Erysiphe Link, 188

Eschweiler, 15, 184

Escombe, 210

Etard and Bouilhac, 42, 140

Ettingshausen and Debey, 354

Euler, 214

Eunephroma Stiz., 337

Euopsis granatina Nyl., 282, 387

Evernia Ach., 84, 95, 99, 200, 213, 340

E. furfuracea Mann, 24, 38, 94, 99, 108, 142 (Fig. 81), 151, 227, 231, 233, 300, 366, 376, 403, 405

E. prunastri Ach., 2, 100 (Fig. 59), 108, 210, 211, 212, 227, 233, 234, 238, 269, 300, 364, 384, 385, 396, 400, 403, 418, 419

Everniopsis Nyl., 339, 340

Eversman, 404

Famintzin, 24

Farriolla Norm., 319

Faull, 178

Fée, 13, 15, 184, 187, 192, 364

Fink, Bruce, xx, 242, 254, 348, 358, 365, 367, 368, 369, 373, 389, 391

Fischer, 308

Fitting, 36

Fitzpatrick, 181

Flagey, 373, 389

Florideae, 160, 177, 273

Flörke, 12, 13, 133

Flotow, 23, 192

Fontinalis L., 391

Forficula auricularia, 396

Forskål, 403

Forssell, 63, 65, 133, 136, 163, 175, 282, 373

Forssellia A. Zahlbr., 284, 333, 373

Forster, 12, 14

Fossil Lichens, 353-355

Frank, 31, 62, 78

Fraser, 178

French, xxiii

Friedrich, 75, 233, 269, 270

Fries, E., 13, 22, 149, 364

Fries, Th. M., 17, 18, 133, 138, 152, 192, 263, 342

Fucus L., 281

F. spiralis L., 383

Fuisting, 30, 159, 173

Fünfstück, 18, 19, 61, 75, 76, 161, 169, 170, 171, 175, 181, 216, 218, 219, 224, 342

Gage, 14

Galløe, 95, 242

Gargeaune, 45

Gasterolichens, 308

Gautier, 213

Geisleria Nitschke, 314

G. sychnogonioides Nitschke, 370

Georgi, 10, 420

Geosiphon Wettst., 45

Gerard, John, 3, 418

Gibelli, 200

Gilson, 209

Gleditsch, 269

Gloeocapsa Kütz., 23, 32, 55, 61, 68, 136, 195, 232, 284, 292, 332, 373

G. magma Kütz., 52 (Fig. 17), 60, 136

G. polydermatica Kütz., 53

Gloeocystis Naeg., 33, 57 (Fig. 28), 61, 133, 318

Gloeolichens, 175, 282, 284, 373, 389

Glossodium Nyl., 330

G. aversum Nyl., 294

Glück, 198

Glyphis Fée, 276, 323

Glypholecia Nyl., 331

Gmelin, J. F., 152

Gmelin, J. G., 411

Gnomonia erythrostoma Auersw., 178

Goeppert, 354, 393

Goeppert and Menge, 354

Gomphillus Nyl., 293, 330

Gongrosira Kütz., xxi

Gongylia Koerb., 314

G. viridis A. L. Sm., 368, 388

Gonohymenia Stein., 333

Gonothecium Wain., 31, 327

Gordon, Cuthbert, 415

Gossypina Ulmi, 399

Grammophori, 307

Graphidaceae, 59, 158, 309, 321, 351, 352, 364

Graphideae, 13, 17, 27, 34, 62, 78, 79, 172, 348, 349, 351, 353, 364

Graphidineae, 273, 278, 289, 309, 320, 365

Graphina Müll.-Arg., 322

Graphis Adans., 9, 211, 321, 322, 343, 349, 351, 355, 361, 364

G. elegans Ach., 30, 158 (Fig. 89), 172, 180, 397

G. scripta Ach., 50, 349, 354, 365, 366

G. scripta succinea Goepp., 355

Gray, J. E., 12, 305

Grete Herball, 2

Greville, 12

Grimbel, 250

Grimmia pulvinata Sm., 393

G. apocarpa Hedw., 393

Guembel, 392

Guérin-Varry, 210

Guillermond, 167

Gunnera L., 31, 41

Gyalecta Ach., 191, 328

G. cupularis Schaer., 244

G. Flotovii Koerb., 244

G. geoica Ach., 254

G. rubra Massal., 249

Gyalectaceae, 54, 59, 69, 310, 327

Gyalolechia Massal., 201

G. subsimilis (Th. Fr.) Darb., 378

Gymnocarpeae, 156, 308, 318

Gymnoderma Nyl., 330

G. coccocarpum Nyl., 293

Gymnographa Müll.-Arg., 322

Gyrophora Ach., 88, 96, 184, 200, 227, 231, 241, 249, 268, 304, 331, 346, 350, 376, 390, 393, 414

G. cylindrica Ach., 176, 184 (Fig. 103), 375, 387

G. erosa Ach., 330, 387

G. esculenta Miyosh., 403

G. flocculosa Turn. and Borr., 375

G. murina Ach., 94

G. polyphylla Hook., 387

G. polyrhiza Koerb., 94, 349, 404 (Fig. 129)

G. proboscidea Ach., 192, 346, 375

G. spodochroa Ach., 94

G. tonefacta Cromb., 375, 387

G. vellea Ach., 74, 176

Gyrophoraceae, 291, 310, 330

Gyrostomum Fr., 326

Haberlandt, 106, 188

Haematomma Massal., 230, 236, 338

H. coccineum Koerb., 214, 223, 226

H. elatinum Koerb., 201

H. ventosum Massal., 214, 225, 241, 252, 298, 375, 376, 388, 393

Hagenia ciliaris, 24

Haller, 7, 126

Halopyrenula Müll.-Arg., 318

Halsey, 14

Hamlet and Plowright, 213

Harmand, 63

Harper, 167, 178, 181, 188

Harpidium Koerb., 298, 338

H. rutilans Koerb., 298

Harriman, 14

Hassea A. Zahlbr., 319

Hedlund, 32, 61, 204, 245

Hedwig, 142, 156, 184, 192

Helix hortensis, 396

H. cingulata, 396

Hellbom, 350, 411

Helminthocarpon Fée, 322

Henneguy, 410, 411, 420

Heppia Naeg., 81, 175, 285, 335, 348, 351, 389

H. Depreauxii Tuck., 368

H. Guepini Nyl., 80, 88, 96

H. virescens Nyl., 368

Heppiaceae, 54, 285, 310

Herberger, 221

Herissey, 213

Herre, 230, 253, 349

Hesse, 12, 221, 224

Heterocarpon Müll.-Arg., 315

Heterodea Nyl., 339

H. Mülleri Nyl., 128, 299, 339, 350

Heterogenei, 303

Heteromyces Müll.-Arg., 293, 330

Heufleria Trev., 317

Hicks, 24

Hildenbrandtia Nardo, 73

Hill, Sir John, 8, 409

Hoffmann, 10, 154, 412, 415

Hofmann, 261

Holl, 19

Holle, 14, 46, 187

Holmes, 19, 422

Homogenei, 303

Homopsella Nyl., 334

Homothalami, 305

Homothecium Mont., 334

Hooker, 12, 15, 149

Hornschuch, xx, 156

How, 3

Howe, Heber, 85, 224, 348

Hudson, 7, 9, 303

Hue, 11, 16, 18, 33, 57, 63, 69, 73, 82, 85, 103, 133, 135, 136, 140, 188, 262, 283, 315, 325, 339, 340, 342, 347, 348, 360, 396, 418

Hulth, 215

Hutchins, 14

Hutchinson, 403

Hydrothyria Russ., 336

H. venosa Russ., 97, 175, 233, 286, 348, 390

Hymenobolina parasitica Zuk., 267, 399

Hymenolichens, xix, 54, 152-154, 273, 281, 308, 311, 335, 342

Hymenomycetes, xix, 153 et passim

Hyphomycetes, xix, 191

Hypnum L., 392

H. cupressiforme L., 385

Hypogymnia Nyl., 94, 176

Hypoxylon Bull., 12

Hysteriaceae, 273, 307

Hysterium Tode, 12

Iceland Moss, 210, 401 et passim

Icmadophila Massal., 166, 338

I. aeruginosa Mudd, see I. ericetorum

I. ericetorum A. Zahlbr., 196, 244, 370

Illosporium carneum Fr., 268

Ingaderia Darbish., 324

Iris, white, 419

Isidium Ach., 149

I. corallinum Ach., 149

I. Westringii Ach., 149

Istvanffi, 202, 206

Itzigsohn, 17, 23, 24, 193

Jaczewski, 353

Jasmine, oil of, 419

Jatta, 129

Jenmania Wächt., 333, 352

Jennings, Vaughan, 60

Jesuit’s bark, 10

John, 250

Johnson, C. P., 401, 402

Johnson, W., 19

Johow, 153

Jonaspis Th. Fr., 328

Joshua, 19

Jumelle, 230, 238

Kajanus (Nilson), 151

Karschia Koerb., 280

K. destructans Tobl., 265

K. lignyota Sacc., 280

Keeble, 41

Keegan, 224, 410

Keiszler, 201

Keller, 402

Kerner and Oliver, 215

Kieffer, 371

Kienitz-Gerloff, 51

Kihlman, 237, 358, 388, 401

Knop, 213, 247

Knop and Schnederman, 221

Knowles, 224, 249, 379, 384, 391

Kobert, 409, 410

Koelreuter, 155

Koerber, 14, 123, 142, 188, 305

Koerberia Massal., 334

Kotte, 264

Krabbe, 63, 113, 114, 119, 122, 123, 124, 143, 147, 162, 170, 172, 174, 176, 177, 253

Kratzmann, 214

Krempelhuber, 1, 55, 244, 364

Kupfer, 261

Kützing, 22

Laboulbenia Mont. and Robin, 178

Laboulbeniaceae, 178, 274

Lachnea scutellata Gill., 168

L. stercorea Gill., 178

Lacour, 211

Lang, 76, 216, 235

Larbalestier, 19

Laubert, 206

Laudatea Joh., 154

Laurera Reichenb., 317

Lecanactidaceae, 310, 325

Lecanactis Eschw., 204, 325

Lecania Massal., 136, 338

L. candicans A. Zahlbr., 80 (Fig. 43)

L. cyrtella Oliv., 377

L. erysibe Mudd, 377

L. holophaea A. L. Sm., 350

Lecaniella Wain., 327

Lecanora Ach., 78, 88, 200, 298, 305, 338, 347, 349, 351, 353, 364, 365, 372, 390

L. aquatica Koerb., 391

L. aspidophora f. errabunda Hue, 262

L. atra Ach., 63, 225, 249, 375, 380, 382 (Fig. 125), 384, 386, 393

L. atriseda Nyl., 261

L. atroflava, see Placodium

L. aurella (Hoffm.), 262

L. badia Ach., 79, 375, 386

L. caesiocinerea Nyl., 218, 384

L. calcarea Somm., 218 (Fig. 120), 373, 396

L. campestris B. de Lesd., 361, 384

L. cenisia Ach., 375

L. cinerea Somm., 229, 349, 375

L. citrina Ach., see Placodium

L. coilocarpa Nyl., 30

L. crassa Ach., 79, 81, 201, 218, 367, 368, 373, 389

L. crenulata Hook., 361, 377

L. Dicksonii Nyl., 250, 375

L. dispersa Nyl., 261, 369, 377, 384

L. effusa Ach., 204

L. epanora Ach., 246

L. epibryon Ach., 378, 389

L. epulotica Nyl., 392

L. esculenta Eversm., 211, 257, 265, 298, 389, 404 (Fig. 130), 422

L. exigua, see Rinodina

L. ferruginea Nyl., 30

L. galactina Ach., 254, 262, 360, 369, 377, 384, 386

L. gelida Ach., 135, 136, 137 (Fig. 77), 140, 375

L. gibbosa Nyl., 375, 384, 386

L. glaucoma Ach., see L. sordida; var. corrugata Nyl., 84 (Fig. 46)

L. Hageni Ach., 366, 367, 369, 377, 383

L. hypnorum Ach., see Psoroma

L. lacustris Th. Fr., 233, 250, 391, 392

L. lentigera Ach., 81, 90, 298, 367

L. muralis Schaer., 242

L. ochracea Nyl., 373

L. pallescens Mudd, 213

L. pallida Schaer., 78

L. parella Ach., 72, 375, 382, 384, 417

L. peliocypha Nyl., 375

L. picea Nyl., 374

L. piniperda Koerb., 204

L. polytropa Schaer., 237, 376, 394

L. prosechoides Nyl., 383, 384

L. rubina Wain., 390

L. rugosa Nyl., 366

L. Sambuci Nyl., 204

L. saxicola Ach., 79, 80, 81, 233, 252, 349, 369, 384, 386, 393, 396

L. simplex Nyl. (see Biatorella), 75, 77, 382

L. smaragdula Nyl., 382

L. sophodes Ach., 30; see Rinodina

L. sordida Th. Fr., 194, 236, 261, 374, 375, 380, 382

L. squamulosa Nyl., 374

L. subfusca Ach., 22, 30, 49, 65 (Fig. 34), 70 (Fig. 57), 157 (Fig. 88), 164, 166, 167, 168, 236, 347, 365, 366

L. sulphurea Ach., 226, 238, 376, 384

L. tartarea Ach., 57, 147, 183 (Fig. 102), 224, 225, 227, 237, 262, 346, 358, 359, 371, 375, 387, 389, 414 (Fig. 134)

L. umbrina Massal., 377, 385

L. upsaliensis Nyl., 387

L. urbana Nyl., 361

L. varia Ach., 227, 346, 360, 361, 362, 366, 367, 377

L. ventosa, see Haematomma

L. verrucosa Laur., 378

L. xantholyta Nyl., 373

Lecanoraceae, 136, 311, 337, 353

Lecanorales, 297

Lecidea Ach., 78, 184, 261, 279, 292, 304, 308, 328, 346, 347, 349, 351, 353, 364, 365, 372, 373, 385, 390

L. aglaea Somm., 375

L. albocoerulescens Ach., 392

L. alpestris Somm., 387

L. arctica Somm., 387

L. aromatica (see Bilimbia)

L. atrofusca Nyl., 248, 387

L. auriculata Th. Fr., 375

L. Berengeriana Th. Fr., 387

L. coarctata Nyl., 247

L. coeruleonigricans Schaer., 373

L. colludens Nyl., 384; see Buellia

L. confluens Ach., 375, 388; f. oxydata Leight., 250

L. consentiens Nyl., 134, 135

L. contigua Fr., 375, 376, 388, 392; var. flavicunda Nyl., 250

L. crustulata Koerb., 369

L. (Bilimbia) cuprea Somm., 387

L. cupreiformis Nyl., 387

L. decipiens Ach., 291, 367, 368

L. decolorans Floerk, see L. granulosa

L. demissa Th. Fr., 369, 387

L. diducens Nyl., 375

L. enteroleuca Nyl., 164, 168, 365

L. fumosa Ach., 159

L. fuscoatra Ach., 200 (Fig. 114), 375

L. gelatinosa Floerk., 368

L. granulosa Schaer., 218, 237, 269, 291, 362, 369, 370, 377

L. grisella Floerk., 243

L. helvola Th. Fr., 245

L. herbidula Nyl., xxi

L. illita Nyl., 136

L. immersa Ach., 217 (Fig. 117), 398

L. inserena Nyl., 375

L. insularis Nyl., 236, 261

L. irregularis Fée, 192

L. Kochiana Hepp, 375

L. lapicida Ach., 375

L. lavata Nyl., 384

L. limosa Ach., 387

L. lucida Ach., 246, 376

L. lurida Ach., 79, 195, 241, 367

L. mesotropa Nyl., 375

L. Metzleri Th. Fr., 398

L. nigroclavata Nyl., 384

L. ostreata Schaer., 79, 145, 291, 366

L. pallida Th. Fr., 135

L. panaeola Ach., 134, 135, 136, 375

L. parasema Ach., 183 (Fig. 101), 366

L. pelobotrya Somm., 135, 136

L. phylliscocarpa Nyl., 31

L. phyllocaris Wain., 31, 327

L. plana Nyl., 375

L. platycarpa Ach., 375

L. pycnocarpa Koerb., 375

L. quernea Ach., 236, 349, 386

L. rivulosa Ach., 374, 375, 376

L. sanguinaria Ach., 187 (Fig. 105), 248

L. sanguineoatra Ach., 370

L. stellulata Tayl., 376

L. sulphurella Hedl., 242

L. sylvicola Flot., 372

L. testacea Ach., 195 (Fig. 111)

L. tricolor Nyl. (Biatorina Griffithii), 362

L. tumida Massal., 375

L. uliginosa Ach., 254, 291, 370, 385, 387

L. vernalis Ach., 66 (Fig. 35)

Lecideaceae, 135, 241, 279, 291, 298, 310, 327, 328, 341, 346, 353

Lecideales, 290, 308

Leciophysma Th. Fr., 334

Leighton, 16, 17, 18, 19, 134, 306, 342, 353, 388

Leiosoma palmicinctum, 397

Lemming rats, 401

Lemmopsis A. Zahlbr., 334

Lenzites Fr., 261, 371

Léorier, 411

Lepidocollema Wain., 81, 336

Lepidoptera, 399

Lepolichen Trevis., 318

L. coccophora Hue, 57, 318

L. granulatus Müll.-Arg., 318

Lepra Hall., 143

L. viridis Humb., 23

Lepraria Ach., 143, 237, 305

L. botryoides, xx

L. chlorina, 376

Leprieur, 15

Leprocollema Wain., 285, 354

Leproloma Nyl., 325

Leptodendriscum Wain., 284, 332

Leptogidium Nyl., 284, 332, 350

L. dendriscum Nyl., 332

Leptogium S. F. Gray, 69, 84, 87, 232, 285, 335, 370

L. Burgessii Mont., 245

L. byssinum Nyl., 368

L. Hildenbrandii Nyl., 364

L. lacerum S. F. Gray, 243, 254, 373

L. myochroum Nyl., 365

L. scotinum Fr., 385

L. turgidum Nyl., 385

Leptorhaphis Koerb., 263, 316

Lesdain, Bouly de, 140, 270, 271, 366, 369, 376, 398

Letharia A. Zahlbr., 84, 340

L. vulpina Wain., 95, 105, 226, 228, 246, 265, 349, 364, 410, 417

Lett, 19

Lettau, 225, 227, 369, 391, 417

Lichen, xxvi, 1, 5, 9, 303

Lichen albineus Ludw., 354

Lichen candelarius L., 371, 415

Lichen cinereus terrestris, 407

Lichen dichotomus Engelh., 354

Lichen diffusus Ludw., 354

Lichen gelatinosus Rupp, 6

Lichen juniperinus L., 415

Lichen orbiculatus Ludw., 354

Lichen parietinus L., 371, 415

Lichen Roccella L., 415

Lichen saxatilis L., 415

Lichen tartareus L., 415

Lichen tenellus Scop., 371

Lichenacei, 306

Lichenes Coralloidei etc. Hall., 7

Lichenodium Nyl., 334

Lichenoides, 1, 6, 7, 304, 415

Lichenophoma Keisz., 201

Lichenoxanthine, 418

Lichina Ag., 163, 195, 201, 233, 281, 284, 334, 383

L. confinis Ag., 383, 384

L. pygmaea Ag., 195, 201, 383

Lichinaceae, 55, 99, 310, 333

Lichinella Nyl., 354

Lightfoot, 9, 280, 303, 407, 415

Limax, 396

Lindau, 18, 34, 36, 48, 64, 67, 78, 108, 149, 164, 168, 170, 176, 178, 184, 233, 269, 330

Lindsay, xx, 16, 17, 19, 120, 193, 203, 252, 262, 266, 348, 354, 358, 391, 401, 415, 417

Link, 371

Linkola, 141

Linnaeus, 7, 142, 154, 304, 312, 392, 401, 409, 415

Lister, 267

Listerella paradoxa Jahn, 267

Lithographa Nyl., 322

Lithoicea Massal., see Verrucaria

L. lecideoides Massal., 373

Lithothelium Müll.-Arg., 317

Litmus, 413

Lobaria Schreb., 136, 182, 287, 336

L. laciniata Wain., 133, 134

L. laetevirens A. Zahlbr., 2, 196

L. pulmonaria Hoffm., 2, 3, 10, 90, 96, 126 (Fig. 127), 130, 195, 252, 267, 336, 400, 406, 408, 411, 416, 418

L. scrobiculata DC., 130, 143

L’Obel, 2

Lopadiopsis Wain., 327

Lopadium Koerb., 191, 329

Lophothelium Stirt., 319

Loxa (Cinchona), 364

Ludwig, 354

Luffia lapidella, 399

Lung-wort, 406, 409

Lutz, 108

Luyken, xx, 156, 184

Lycoperdaceae, 307

Lyell, 14

Lyngbya Ag., 136

Mackay, 13

McLean, 385

Macmillan, 357, 391

Maheu, 243, 387

Maire, 185, 186, 189

Malinowski, 74, 371, 374

Malme, 261

Malpighi, 5, 142, 155

Manna, 404, 422

Marchantia L., 1, 5

Maronea Massal., 331

Martindale, 19

Martius, 15

Massalongia Koerb., 287, 335

Massalongo, 16, 188, 305

Massee, 308

Mastoidea Hook. and Harv., 315

Mastoidiaceae, 60, 309, 315

Mattirolo, 152

Mäule, 162, 164

Mayfield, 368

Mazosia Massal., 59, 323

Mead, Richard, 407

Megalospora Mey. and Flot., 329

Melampydium Müll.-Arg., 325

Melanotheca Müll.-Arg., 317

Melaspilea Nyl., 321, 322

Mereschkovsky, 258

Merrett, 3

Metzger, 176, 240

Meyer, 13, 46, 51, 126, 143, 156, 187, 252, 258, 305

Micarea Fr., see Biatorina Massal.

Michael, 397

Michaux, 14

Micheli, 1, 6, 142, 155

Microcystis Kütz., 52, 319

Microglaena Lönnr., 314

Micrographa Müll.-Arg., 322

Microphiale A. Zahlbr., 328

Microthelia Koerb., 316

Microtheliopsis Müll.-Arg., 318

Minks, 26

Minksia Müll.-Arg., 323

Mites, 395, 397

Miyoshi, 256, 403

Mnium hornum L., 65 (Fig. 35)

Moebius, 62

Mohl, 185, 186

Molisch, 250

Möller, 49, 154, 196, 202, 203

Moma orion, 399

Monas Lens, xx

Monascus, Van Teigh., 178

Montagne, 15

Moreau, xxi, 168, 175, 176, 212, 266

Moriola Norm., 313

Moriolaceae, 309, 313

Morison, 1, 4, 5, 155, 304

Moss, 356

Mousse des Chênes, 418

Mudd, 16, 17, 19

Muenster, 354

Mühlenberg, 14

Mulder, 210

Müller(-Argau), 18, 26, 191, 192, 205, 278, 307, 353, 405

Müller, K., 212

Müllerella Hepp, 275

Musco-fungus, 1

Muscus, 1

Muscus cranii humani, 413

Musk, 419

Mycetozoon on Lichens, 267

Mycoblastus Norm., 329

M. sanguinarius Th. Fr., 188; see Lecidea

Mycocalicium Rehm, 277

M. parietinum Rehm, 277

Mycoconiocybe Rehm, 277

Mycoidea Cunningh., 35, 59, 309, 318, 352, 363

M. parasitica Cunningh., 36, 59 (Fig. 31), 60

Mycoideaceae, 59

Mycoporaceae, 309, 318, 352

Mycoporellum Zahlbr., 159, 318

Mycoporum Flot., 159, 276, 318

Mycosphaerella Johans., 39

Mycosphaerellaceae, 275

Myriangiacei, 306

Myxodictyon Massal., 338

Myxophyceae, xix, 51, 52-55, 60, 68, 272, 324, 385

Narcyria monilifera, 399

Necker, 123, 154

Nees von Esenbeck, xxiv

Neophyllis Wils., 330, 351

Nephroma Ach., 63, 135, 136, 169, 244, 286, 337, 348

N. expallidum Nyl., 139 (Fig. 79)

Nephromium Nyl., 63, 158, 175, 200, 222, 244, 283, 286, 337, 349, 351

N. laevigatum Nyl., 195

N. lusitanicum Nyl., 228, 246

N. tomentosum Nyl., 87, 128, 169

Nephromopsis Müll.-Arg., 158, 244, 339

Neubert, 410

Neubner, 62, 175, 189, 288

Neuropogon Flot. and Nees, 346

Nienburg, 38, 64, 123, 166, 167, 168, 169, 177, 185, 196, 240

Nilson, 147, 151, 250, 358, 389

Norman, 16, 313

Normandina Nyl., see Coriscium

Normandina Wain., 315

Nostoc Vauch., 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 32, 42, 53, 61, 63, 69, 136, 138, 232, 246, 266, 285, 309 et seq., 396

N. coerulescens Lyngb., 53 (Fig. 18)

N. lichenoides Kütz., xx, 54

N. Linckia Born., 53 (Fig. 18)

N. sphaericum Vauch., 54

N. symbioticum, 45

Nostocaceae, 25, 53

Notaris, De, 1, 15, 16

Notaspis lutorum, 397

Nyctalis Fr., 261

Nylander, xxi, 7, 8, 16, 18, 25, 30, 52, 126, 131, 135, 136, 152, 197, 228, 262, 306, 325, 350, 353, 360, 383

Nylanderiella Hue, 315

Obryzum Wallr., 263

Ocellularia Spreng., 326

Ochrolechia Massal., 338

O. pallescens Koerb., 187 (Fig. 106), 213

Ochrophaeae Wain., 295

Officinal barks, 15

Ohlert, 234

Oidia, 189

Olivier, 342

Omphalaria Dur. and Mont., 348, 373, 393

O. Heppii Müll., 63

O. pulvinata Nyl., 373

Oniscus, 396

Oospora Wallr., 45

Opegrapha Ach., 11, 13, 35, 184, 304, 321, 322, 353, 354, 361

O. atra Pers., 15, 202

O. calcarea Turn., 383

O. endoleuca Nyl., 243

O. hapalea Ach., 243

O. saxicola Ach., 216, 219

O. subsiderella Nyl., 50, 202, 349

O. Thomasiana Goepp., 354

O. varia Pers., 354, 365

O. vulgata Ach., 30

O. zonata Koerb., 392

Opegraphella Müll.-Arg., 322

Orbilia coccinella Karst., 261

Orchil lichen, 412, 416

Oribata Parmeliae, 397

Oribatidae, 397

Oropogon Fr., 340

O. loxensis Th. Fr., 130, 210, 352

Orphniospora Koerb., 329

Orthidium, 191

Orthoptera, 397

Oscillaria Bosc., 24

Pachyphiale Lönnr., 328

Padina Pavonia Gaillon, 153

Palmella Lyngb., 24, 57, 232, 278, 282, 289, 309, 321, 338, 353

P. botryoides Kütz., 313

Pannaria Del., 61, 79, 81, 135, 168, 175, 336, 392

P. brunnea Massal., 244, 370

P. microphylla Massal., 81, 244

P. pezizoides Leight., 63

P. rubiginosa Del., 283

P. triptophylla Nyl., 244

Pannariaceae, 54, 135, 285, 287, 311, 335

Pannoparmelia Darbish., 338

P. anzioides Darbish., 90 (Fig. 51)

Paracelsus, 407

Paratheliaceae, 309, 316, 352

Parathelium Müll.-Arg., 317

Parfitt, 95

Parkinson, 3, 407

Parmelei, 353

Parmelia Ach., 84, 86, 93, 94, 95, 133, 200, 213, 227, 231, 238, 241, 242, 249, 260, 264, 267, 269, 299, 300, 305, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 354, 364, 372, 414

P. acetabulum Dub., 30, 167, 169 (Fig. 96), 170, 180, 195 (Fig. 111), 231, 255, 259, 360

P. adglutinata Floerk., 365

P. aleurites Ach., 364

P. alpicola Fr., 18, 350, 387

P. aspidota Rosend. (see P. exasperata), 92 (Fig. 53), 170, 338

P. Borreri Turn., 265; see P. dubia

P. caperata Ach., 88 (Fig. 49), 253, 255, 365, 366, 395

P. cetrata Ach., 92

P. conspersa Ach., 194, 241, 242, 355, 369, 376, 416, 417

P. crinita Nyl., 365

P. dubia Schaer., 377

P. encausta Ach., 268, 388, 393

P. enteromorpha Ach., 131

P. exasperata Carroll, 62, 129 (Fig. 74), 132, 196

P. farinacea Bitt., 131, 143

P. fuliginosa Nyl., 247, 361, 376, 386

P. glabra Nyl., 87, 170, 176

P. glabratula Lamy, 170

P. glomellifera Nyl., 249, 251

P. hyperopta Ach., 261

P. isidiophora A. Zahlbr., 66

P. Kamtschadalis Eschw., 300

P. lacunosa Meng. and Goepp., 355

P. lanata Wallr., see P. pubescens

P. locarensis Zopf., 249

P. molliuscula Ach., 265

P. Mougeotii Schaer., 375

P. obscurata DC., 64, 131, 176, 242

P. olivacea Ach., 247, 365

P. omphalodes Ach., 3, 260, 375, 387, 415 (Fig. 135)

P. papulosa Rosend., 150, 214, 219

P. perforata Hook. (?), 365

P. perlata Ach., 92, 114, 213, 237, 243, 262, 353, 363, 403, 416

P. pertusa Schaer., 131

P. physodes Ach., 64, 91, 144 (Fig. 83), 146 (Fig. 84), 156, 194, 234, 237, 242, 253, 262, 299, 355, 361, 363, 366, 384, 385, 416

P. pilosella Hue, 92

P. proboscidea Tayl., 92, 150

P. prolixa Carroll, 241, 249, 382

P. pubescens Wain., 85, 299, 300, 350, 375, 387

P. revoluta Floerk., 247, 259 (Fig. 121)

P. saxatilis Ach., 169, 170, 242, 243, 253, 260, 355, 361, 365, 366, 375, 386, 387, 393, 407 (Fig. 131), 416

P. scortea Ach., 150, 366

P. stygia Ach., 130, 299, 350, 375, 387, 393

P. subaurifera Nyl., 143, 226, 246, 377

P. sulcata Tayl., 144, 361

P. tiliacea Ach., 164, 170, 252, 365

P. tristis Wallr., 88, 130, 247, 375, 387

P. verruculifera Nyl., 87, 143, 214

P. vittata Nyl., 131, 143

Parmeliaceae, 200, 287, 298, 311

Parmeliales, 308

Parmeliella Müll.-Arg., 81, 286, 336

Parmeliopsis Nyl., 339

Parmentaria Fée, 317

Patellaria Fr., 280

Patellariaceae, 278

Patinella Sacc., 279

P. atroviridis Rehm, 278

Patouillard, 389

Paulia Fée, 284, 333, 352

Paulson, 244, 254, 366

Paulson and Hastings, 28, 38, 44, 56, 260

Paulson and Thompson, 254, 361, 369, 377, 397

Peccania Forss., 284, 333, 373

Peirce, xxiii, 33, 34, 108, 258, 359

Peltati, 305

Peltidea Ach., 63, 286; see Peltigera

Peltigera Willd., 3, 42, 53, 61, 63, 88, 135, 136, 137, 168, 175, 186, 204, 212, 213, 222, 232, 242, 257, 266, 283, 286, 337, 346, 349, 355, 367, 384, 385, 392

P. americana Wain., 351

P. aphthosa Willd., 26, 87, 133, 138 (Fig. 78 A, B), 141, 211, 262, 347, 359, 370, 406

P. canina Willd., 24, 51, 84 (Fig. 47), 87, 89 (Fig. 50), 93 (Figs. 54, 55), 97, 185, 213, 254, 262, 359, 367, 370, 394, 396, 407, 418

P. horizontalis Hoffm., 169, 244

P. lepidophora (Nyl.) Bitt., 140

P. leptoderma Nyl., 351

P. malacea Fr., 169, 370

P. polydactyla Hoffm., 51, 244, 266, 368

P. rufescens Hoffm., 169, 386

P. spuria Leight., 268, 369

P. spuriella Wain., 351

P. venosa Hoffm., 244, 347

Peltigeraceae, 54, 135, 283, 286, 287, 311, 336

Pelvetia canaliculata Dec. and Thur., 39

Pentagenella Darbish., 83, 324

Perforaria Müll.-Arg., 337

Persio, 413

Persoon, 10, 21, 123, 156, 395

Pertusaria DC., 34, 73, 85, 86, 88, 170, 180, 186, 213, 246, 253, 337, 414

P. amara Ach., 148, 236, 243, 349, 361, 366, 408 (Fig. 132)

P. communis DC., 50, 202, 214 (Fig. 116), 255, 269, 366, 393

P. concreta Nyl., 382

P. corallina (Ach.) Bachm., 374

P. dactylina Nyl., 387

P. dealbata Cromb., 215, 375, 376

P. faginea Leight., 396

P. globulifera Nyl., 33 (Fig. 12), 236, 237, 262, 357, 366

P. glomerata Schaer., 387

P. lactea Nyl., 374, 376

P. leioplaca Schaer., 365

P. lutescens Lamy, 226

P. melaleuca Dub., 417

P. oculata Th. Fr., 387

P. velata Nyl., 265

P. Wulfenii DC., 226, 366

Pertusariaceae, 147, 311

Petch, 397

Petiver, 4, 10

Petractis Fr., 327

P. exanthematica Fr., 61, 75, 215, 216

Peziza Dill., 157, 213, 307

P. resinae Fr., 355

Pfaff, 221

Pfeffer, 220

Phacopsis vulpina Tobl., 265

Phaeographina Müll.-Arg., 322

Phaeographis Müll.-Arg., 322

Ph. Lyellii A. Zahlbr., 350

Phaeotrema Müll.-Arg., 326

Phalena, 395

Phascum cuspidatum Schreb., 45

Phialopsis rubra Koerb., 174, 249; see Gyalecta

Phillips, 252

Phleopeccania Stein., 284, 333, 352

Phlyctella Müll.-Arg., 338

Phlyctidia Müll.-Arg., 338

Phlyctis Wallr., 338

P. agelaea Koerb., 174

Phycolichens, 22, 282, 283, 285

Phycopeltis Millard., 59, 278, 318, 321, 322, 323, 327, 352, 363

P. expansa Jenn., 35 (Fig. 13), 60 (Fig. 32)

Phyllactidium Moeb., 59, 62, 288, 309, 310, 318, 327, 363

P. tropicum Moeb., 59

Phylliscidium Forss., 333

Phylliscum Nyl., 286, 333

Phyllobathelium Müll.-Arg., 318

Phyllophora Grev., 111

Phyllophthalmaria A. Zahlbr., 326, 352

Ph. coccinea A. Zahlbr., 352

Phylloporina Müll.-Arg., 318

Phyllopsora Müll.-Arg., 329

P. furfuracea A. Zahlbr., 329

Phyllopsoraceae, 310, 329

Phyllopyreniaceae, 309, 318

Phymaloidei, 304

Physcia Schreb., 90, 94, 166, 186, 238, 301, 351, 372, 399

P. aipolia Nyl., 20 (Fig. 1), 249

P. aquila Nyl., 380, 382, 384

P. ascendens Bitt., 270, 369, 377

P. caesia Nyl., 226, 369, 384

P. chrysophthalma, see Teloschistes

P. ciliaris DC., 3, 46, 84 (Fig. 48), 92, 94, 99, 103, 155, 165 (Fig. 94), 166, 167, 182 (Fig. 100), 184, 185 (Fig. 104), 187, 189, 192, 243, 246, 247, 355, 360, 411, 419

P. granulifera Nyl., 365

P. hispida Tuck., 29, 92, 146, 164, 166, 169, 194 (Fig. 110), 241, 271, 360, 366

P. hypoleuca Tuck., 399

P. intricata Schaer., 301

P. leucomelas Mich., 99

P. obscura Nyl., 243, 360, 365, 369, 377

P. parietina (see Xanthoria), 29 (Figs. 7, 8)

P. picta Nyl., 349, 353

P. pulverulenta Nyl., 28, 164 (Fig. 93), 166, 181, 248, 360, 365, 366, 377, 399

P. puncticulata Hue, 33

P. sciastrella Hann., 369

P. stellaris Nyl., 29, 365, 384

P. stellaris var. tenella Cromb., see P. hispida Tuck.

P. subobscura A. L. Sm., 384

P. tenella Bitt., 366, 384, 386

P. tribacia Nyl., 365

P. villosa Dub., 268

Physciaceae, 136, 200, 267, 300, 308, 311, 341

Physcidia Tuck., 299, 339

Ph. Wrightii Nyl., 352

Physma Massal., 163, 284, 334, 341

P. chalazanum Arn., 32 (Fig. 9)

P. compactum Koerb., 163, 266

P. franconicum Massal., 263

Pilocarpaceae, 310, 325

Pilocarpon Wain., 325, 353; see Pilophorus

P. leucoblepharum Wain., 325, 363

Pilophorus Th. Fr., 17, 125, 133, 135, 201, 292, 294, 297, 330

P. robustus Th. Fr., 136

Pinus sylvestris L., 94, 271

Piptocephalis De Bary, 261

Placidiopsis Beltr., 288

Placodium DC., 80, 339, 340, 346, 360, 372

P. atroflavum A. L. Sm., 386

P. aurantiacum Hepp, 365

P. bicolor Tuck., 136

P. callopismum Mér., 349

P. cerinum Hepp, 262, 365, 366, 367

P. citrinum Hepp, 224, 271, 349, 373, 377, 386, 393

P. decipiens Leight., 218, 369, 383

P. elegans DC., 225, 241, 347, 369, 390

P. ferrugineum Hepp, 346, 384

P. flavescens A. L. Sm., 377

P. fruticulosum Darbish., 347

P. fulgens S. F. Gray, 367

P. lacteum Lesd., 377

P. lobulatum A. L. Sm., 379, 382, 384

P. luteoalbum Hepp, 301

P. murorum DC., 42, 80 (Fig. 42), 227, 241, 243, 347, 369, 380

P. nivale Tuck., 301

P. pyraceum Anzi, 369, 377

P. rupestre Br. and Rostr., 301

P. subfruticulosum Elenk., 347

P. sympageum, see P. flavescens

P. tegularis (Ehrh.) Darbish., 379, 384

P. teicholytum DC., 369

Placodium Hill (non DC.), 8

Placodium Web. (non DC.), 9

P. Garovagli (Koerb.) Fried., 81

P. saxicolum S. F. Gray, 146, 168; see Lecanora

Placolecania Zahlbr., 338

Placothelium Müll.-Arg., 285, 319

Placynthium Ach., 336

P. nigrum S. F. Gray, 248, 373

Plagiothecium sylvaticum Buch. and Schimp., 237

Plagiotrema Müll.-Arg., 317

Platygrapha Nyl., 325

Platysma Nyl., 8, 200, 257; see Cetraria

P. commixtum Nyl., 375

P. corniculatum Hill, 8

P. Fahlunense Nyl., 375

P. glaucum Nyl., 10, 375, 376, 418

P. lacunosa Nyl., 375

Pleospora collematum Zuk., 163, 266

Pleurococcus Menegh. (?), 22, 29, 62

P. Naegeli Chod., 28

P. vulgaris Menegh., 28, 55 (Fig. 22), 223

P. vulgaris Naeg., 28

Pleurocybe Müll.-Arg., 320

P. madagascarea A. Zahlbr., 289

Pleurothelium Müll.-Arg., 317

Pleurotrema Müll.-Arg., 317

Plot, 4

Plowright, 207

Plukenet, 5

Poa compressa L., 393

Poduridae, 256

Polyblastia Massal., 48, 314

P. catalepta (Ach.) Fuist., 30

P. Vouauxi Lesd., 378

Polyblastiopsis Nyl., 316

Polycauliona Hue, 339, 340, 346

P. regale Hue, 339, 346

Polycaulionaceae, 339

Polychidium A. Zahlbr., 284, 332

Polycoccus Kütz., 24

P. punctiformis Kütz., 24, 54, 61

Polyporus Mich., 261

Polystictus versicolor (Fr.), 152

Polystigma rubrum DC., 178, 207

Polystroma Clem., 326

P. Ferdinandezii Clem., 326

Polytrichum L., 392

P. commune L., 237

Polyxenus, 270

Porina Ach., 204, 316

P. lectissima A. Zahlbr., 249, 251, 392

P. olivacea A. L. Sm., 159 (Fig. 90 A)

Porocyphus Koerb., 332

Poronia Willd., 13, 178

Porta, 5

Porter, 109, 270

Prasiola Ag., 60, 309, 315

P. parietina Wille, 60 (Fig. 33)

Prasiolaceae, 60

Propagula, 11

Protocaliceaceae, 277

Protococcaceae, 55, 288, 291, 309, 310, 313 et seq., 353, 363

Protococcus Ag., xx, 28, 56, 62, 63, 65, 287

P. botryoides Kirchn., 65

P. viridis Ag., 22, 28, 44, 48 (Fig. 15), 55 (Fig. 22), 65, 313

Pseudopyrenula Müll.-Arg., 316

Psocus, 397

Psora (Lecidea) decipiens Hook., 388

Psorella Müll.-Arg., 329

Psoroglaena Müll.-Arg., 315

Psoroma S. F. Gray, 136, 285, 286, 335

P. hypnorum S. F. Gray, 63, 81, 88, 89, 135, 246, 283, 370

Psoromaria Nyl., 285, 286, 335

Psorotichia Massal., 68, 163, 333, 373

Ps. lugubris Dal. Tor. and Sarnth., 375

Ps. lutophila Arn., 368

Psychides, 399

Pterygiopsis Wain., 332

Pterygium Nyl., 333

Pt. Kenmorensis A. L. Sm., 392

Ptychographa Nyl., 321, 322

Pulteney, 4, 14

Pulvis antilyssus, 407

Pulvis Cyprius, 419

Pycnothelia (Cladonia) papillaria Duf., 369

Pyrenastrum Eschw., 317

Pyrenidiaceae, 53, 54, 275, 285, 309, 319

Pyrenidium Nyl., 285, 319

P. actinellum Nyl., 99

Pyrenocarpeae, 158, 273, 308

Pyrenocarpei, 306, 307, 353

Pyrenocarpineae, 273, 275, 288, 308

Pyrenocollema Reinke, 334

Pyrenographa Müll.-Arg., 323

Pyrenolichens 159, 241, 276, 352, 391

Pyrenomycetes 158, 267, 273

Pyrenopsidaceae, 282, 284, 310, 352

Pyrenopsidium Forss., 333

Pyrenopsis Nyl., 60, 68, 163, 175, 333

P. haematopis Th. Fr., 195

P. impolita Forss., 175

P. phaeococca Tuck., 175

Pyrenothamnia Tuck., 99, 315

P. Spraguei Tuck., 288

Pyrenothamniaceae, 309, 315

Pyrenothea Ach., 192

Pyrenothrix Riddle, 319

Pyrenula Ach., 200, 316

P. cinerella Fink, 365

P. leucoplaca Koerb., 365

P. nitida Ach., 174, 194, 240, 255, 350, 354, 364, 365

P. thelena Fink, 365

Pyrenulaceae, 50, 276, 309, 316, 365

Pyrgidium Nyl., 319

P. bengalense Nyl., 353

Pyrgillus Nyl., 289, 320

Pyronema Carus., 167

P. confluens Tul., 178

Pyxidium Hill, 8

Pyxine Nyl., 301, 341

P. Cocoës Nyl., 353

P. Meissnerii Tuck., 353

Quercus alba, 359

Q. chrysolepis, 359

Q. Douglasii, 359

Racodium Pers., 35, 328

R. rupestre Pers., 291, 328

Radais, 42

Ramalina Ach., 3, 84, 103, 110, 195, 213, 238, 244, 257, 270, 305, 340, 347, 348, 351, 359, 361, 363

R. calicaris Fr., 3, 104, 147, 210, 353, 355, 365, 366, 418, 419

R. ceruchis De Not., 103

R. Curnowii Cromb., 104, 109

R. cuspidata Nyl., 225, 271 (see R. siliquosa), 384

R. dilacerata Hoffm., 106, 130

R. Eckloni Mont., 130

R. evernioides Nyl., 103, 300

R. farinacea Ach., 10, 239, 269, 271, 353, 366, 400, 411

R. fastigiata Ach., 109, 365, 366, 400, 411

R. fraxinea Ach., 104, 106, 130 (Fig. 75 A), 155, 164, 170, 195, 200, 212, 215, 300, 355, 365, 366, 400, 411, 418

R. gracilenta Ach., 349

R. homalea Ach., 103

R. Landroensis Zopf, 109, 130

R. minuscula Nyl., 103 (Fig. 62), 147

R. pollinaria Ach., 109, 227, 349, 366

R. reticulata Krempelh., 33 (Fig. 11), 99, 106 (Fig. 64), 253, 257, 359

R. scopulorum Ach., see R. siliquosa

R. siliquosa A. L. Sm., 104, 109 (Fig. 65), 130, 224, 225, 271, 300, 379 (Fig. 122), 381 (Figs. 123, 124)

R. strepsilis Zahlbr., 104, 130 (Fig. 75 B)

R. subfarinacea Nyl., 380

R. tertiaria Engelh., 354

Ramalinaceae, 339

Ramalinites lacerus Braun, 354

Ramalodei, 306

Ramonia Stizenb., 328

Rathapu, 403

Ray, 4, 407, 409

Rees, 27

Rehm, 277

Reindeer, 401

Reindeer moss, 400 et passim

Reinke, 18, 31, 41, 68, 123, 125, 130, 144, 253, 277, 284, 291, 307, 324

Reinkella Darbish., 83, 324

Relhan, 9

Rhabdopsora Müll.-Arg., 319

Rhizina undulata Fr., 181

Rhizocarpon Ramond, 248, 302, 329, 341

R. alboatrum Th. Fr., 365, 369, 373, 383

R. concentricum, see R. petraeum

R. confervoides DC., 71 (Fig. 38 A, B), 369, 386

R. distinctum Th. Fr., 261

R. epipolium (Ach.), 265

R. geographicum DC., 73, 74 (Figs. 40, 41), 226, 236, 243, 246, 249, 252, 261, 264, 291, 346, 372, 374, 376, 380

R. obscuratum Massal., 392

R. Oederi Koerb., 375

R. petraeum Koerb. (?), 374

R. petraeum Massal., 171 (Fig. 97), 375, 392

R. viridiatrum Koerb., 249, 375, 376

Rhizomorpha Roth, 12

Rhymbocarpus punctiformis Zopf, 264

Ricasolia De Not., 94 (see Lobaria), 168, 175

R. amplissima De Not., 133, 134 (Fig. 76), 195, 197, 357

R. laetevirens Leight., 357

Richard, 377, 411

Richardson, Dr, 6

Richardson, Sir John, 388

Riddle, 137

Rinodina S. F. Gray, 301, 302, 341, 372

R. archaea Wain., 346

R. Conradi Koerb., 370

R. exigua S. F. Gray, 366, 367, 377, 383, 384

R. isidioides Oliv., 301

R. oreina Wain., 301, 374, 390

R. sophodes Th. Fr., 367

R. turfacea Th. Fr., 262, 377

Rivularia, 55, 136, 138, 284, 333

R. Biasolettiana, 54 (Fig. 21)

R. minutula Born. and Fl., 54 (Fig. 21)

R. nitida Ag., 55

Rivulariaceae, 54

Roccella DC., 3, 34, 35, 83, 103, 200, 225, 233, 242, 278, 292, 324, 351, 359, 363

R. fuciformis DC., 83 (Fig. 45), 98 (Fig. 57), 101, 110, 227, 228, 349, 350, 412

R. fucoides Wain., 349, 350

R. Montagnei Bél., 213, 413

R. peruensis Kremp., 413

R. phycopsis Ach., 110; see R. fucoides

R. portentosa Mont., 413

R. sinuensis Nyl., 413

R. tinctoria DC., 213, 215, 227, 349, 350, 413 (Fig. 133)

Roccellaceae, 59, 83, 110, 279, 290, 309, 323

Roccellaria Darbish., 323, 324

Roccellina Darbish., 83, 290, 323, 324

Roccellographa Stein., 83, 290, 323, 324

Rock tripe, 404

Roebuck, 401

Ronceray, 213, 413

Rosendahl, 86, 90, 93, 129, 170, 176, 214, 218, 249

Roses, spirit of, 419

Roy, 411

Ruel, 2

Rupp, 5

Russula Pers., 161

Sachs, 17, 23

Sagedia, see Verrucaria

S. declivum Am., 251

Sagiolechia Massal., 328

Salix repens L., 357

Salter, 51, 393

Sandstede, 233, 384, 385

Sappin-Trouffy, 207

Sarcographa Fée, 323

Sarcographina Müll.-Arg., 323

Sarcogyne (= Biatorella) latericola Stein., 76

Sarcopyrenia Nyl., 314

Sättler, 123, 173, 296, 358

Schade, 376

Schaerer, 15, 192

Schellenberg, 212

Schenk, 213

Schikorra, 178

Schimper, 354, 355

Schismatomma Flot., 325

Schizopelte Th. Fr., 83, 324

Schneider, 7, 135, 136, 139

Schreber, 126

Schrenk, 231, 258, 359

Schulte, 104, 105, 106, 177

Schwarz, 224

Schweinfurth, 405

Schweinitz, 15

Schwenckfeld, 3

Schwendener, xx, 2, 16, 17, 18, 25, 27, 36, 71, 82, 86, 92, 126, 128, 129, 142, 147, 168, 213, 224, 307

Sclerophyton Eschw., 323

S. circumscriptum A. Zahlbr., 322

Scopoli, 8, 21, 154, 409

Scott-Elliot, 253

Scutellati, 305

Scutovertes maculatus, 397

Scytonema Ag., 54, 57, 61, 68, 75, 136, 153, 216, 232, 281, 284, 309 et seq., 318

S. mirabile Thur., 53 (Fig. 19)

Scytonemaceae, 54

Secoliga (Gyalecta) bryophaga Koerb., 368

Segestria, see Porina

Senft, 223

Septoria Fr., 204

Sernander, 94, 140, 355

Servettaz, 45

Servit, 374

Sherard, 4, 6, 7

Sibbald, 409

Sibthorp, 9

Sievers, 230

Simonyella Steiner, 324

Siphula Fr., 340

Sirosiphon pulvinatus Bréb., 54

Sloane, 10

Smith, Lorrain, 328

Smith, Sir J. E., 10

Solorina Ach., 56, 63, 85, 94, 135, 136, 168, 175, 176, 183, 287, 337, 392

S. bispora Nyl., 135

S. crocea Ach., 63, 88, 140, 210, 228, 246, 287, 346, 388

S. octospora Arn., 85

S. saccata Ach., 155, 244, 388

S. spongiosa Carroll, 135, 186, 368

Solorinella Anzi, 337

Sorby, 418

Sowerby, James, 10

Speerschneider, 17, 25

Sphaeria Hall., 192, 213

Sphaeriaceae, 307

Sphaerocephalum Web., 9

Sphaerophoraceae, 135, 309, 320

Sphaerophoropsis Wain., 291, 329

S. stereocauloides Wain., 292

Sphaerophorus Pers., 83, 105, 184, 277, 289, 320, 361, 375, 387, 393

S. coralloides Pers., 83 (Fig. 44) (see S. globosus), 355, 375, 387, 388, 389

S. fragilis Pers., 375, 387

S. globosus A. L. Sm., 346

S. stereocauloides Nyl., 135

Sphagnum Dill., 231, 355

Spheconisca Norm., 313

Sphinctrina Fr., 277, 319, 353

Sphyridium byssoides, 177

S. fungiforme Koerb., 177

Spilonema Born., 68, 333

Spirographa A. Zahlbr., 322

Spirogyra Link, 188

Splachnum L., 5

Sporocladus lichenicola Corda, 200

Sporodinia Link, 188

Sporopodium Mont., 327, 352

S. Caucasium Elenk. and Woron., 353

Sprengel, 21, 142, 156, 184

Squamaria DC., 200, 298

S. saxicola, see Lecanora

Stahel, 220

Stahl, 28, 30, 62, 160, 163, 173, 266, 395

Stahlecker, 76, 235, 371, 374

Staurothele Norm., 31, 62, 76, 314

S. clopima Th. Fr., 391

S. clopismoides Anzi, 249

S. hymenogonia A. Zahlbr., 361

S. umbrinum A. L. Sm., 373, 393

Steganosporium cellulosum Corda, 201

Steiner, 75, 179, 190, 198, 215, 276, 312, 353, 389

Steinera A. Zahlbr., 333

Stenberg, 411

Stenhouse and Groves, 228

Stenocybe Nyl., 177, 319

Stereocaulon Schreb., 17, 23, 83, 105, 125, 133, 135, 176, 201, 283, 292, 294, 297, 330, 346, 358, 361, 387

S. alpinum Laur., 137, 346, 387

S. condensatum Hoffm., 319, 388

S. coralloides Fr., 125, 375

S. Delisei Borg., 375

S. denudatum Floerk., 137, 375, 387

S. evolutum Graewe, 375

S. paschale Fr., 211, 372, 385, 391, 401

S. ramulosum Ach., 125, 136

S. salazinum Borg., 227

S. tomentosum Fr., 125, 136, 387

Stereochlamys Müll.-Arg., 316

Stichococcus Naeg., 62

S. bacillaris Naeg., 42

Sticta Schreb., 13, 63, 85, 86, 94, 136, 138, 200, 283, 287, 336, 350, 351, 364, 392

St. aurata Ach., 126, 128, 223, 226, 246, 350

St. crocata Ach., 128, 246

St. damaecornis Nyl., 127 (Fig. 73), 128, 210, 350

St. Dufourei Del., 128

St. fuliginosa Ach., 126, 128, 223

St. intricata Del., 128

St. limbata Ach., 128

St. oregana Tuck., 136, 139

St. sylvatica Ach., 128

St. Wrightii Nyl., 349

Stictaceae, 96, 136, 286, 311, 336, 347, 350, 418

Stictidaceae, 278

Stictina Nyl., 63, 168, 175, 287

Stictis Pers., 278

Stigmatea Fr., 275

Stigonema Ag., 23, 26, 54 (Fig. 20), 68, 136, 283, 284, 310 et seq., 317

S. panniforme Kirchn., 54

Stigonemaceae, 54

Stirton, 331, 350

Stizenberger, 18, 128

Stone, 399

Streptothrix Cohn, 45

Strigula Fr., 60, 65, 288, 318, 353, 363

S. Buxi Chod., 363

S. complanata Mont., 35, 42, 59, 205, 260, 269

S. elegans Müll.-Arg., 205

Strigulaceae, 59, 60, 204, 309, 318, 363

Stüde, 211

Sturgis, 97, 168, 175, 197, 289

Suaeda fruticosa Forsk., 387

Swartz, 10, 152

Swedish moss, 415

Symbiosis, 31

Synalissa Fr., 32, 33, 61, 284, 333, 373

S. symphorea Nyl., 33 (Fig. 10)

Synarthonia Müll.-Arg., 321

Tabernaemontanus, 2

Tapellaria Müll.-Arg., 327

Taylor, 13, 149

Tegeocranus labyrinthicus, 328

Teloschistaceae, 311, 341

Teloschistes Norm., 85, 301, 341

T. chrysophthalmus Th. Fr., 92, 365, 367

T. flavicans Norm., 3, 301, 341, 417

Teras literana, 399

Termes monoceros, 397

Termites, 397

Tetranychus lapidus, 398 (Fig. 126)

Tetrasporaceae, 57

Thamnolia Ach., 83, 101 (see Cerania), 246, 340, 389

Th. vermicularis Schaer., 346, 377

Thamnonia Tuck., 339

Thaxter, 178

Thelenidia Nyl., 314

Thelephora Ehrh., 281, 342

Thelephoraceae, 152, 273

Thelidea Hue, 335

Th. corrugata Hue, 335

Thelidium Massal., 314

Th. microcarpum A. L. Sm., 361

Th. minutulum Koerb., 253, 367

Thelocarpon Nyl., 331

Th. prasinellum Nyl., 367

Th. turficolum Arn., 370

Thelopsis Nyl., 316

Thelotrema Ach., 326, 343

Th. lepadinum Ach., 397

Thelotremaceae, 59, 302, 310, 326, 351, 352

Thelotremei, 353

Theophrastus, 1, 2, 411

Thermutis Fr., 68, 284, 332

Tholurna Norm., 320

Th. dissimilis Norm., 289

Thomas, N., 59

Thrambium Wallr., 192, 314

T. epigaeum Wallr., 254, 367, 368

Thwaites, 17

Thyrea Massal., 284, 333

Thysanothecium Berk. and Mont., 330

T. Hookeri Berk. and Mont., 294

Ticothecium Flot., 275, 319

T. pygmaeum Koerb., 267

Tieghem, Van, 179

Tobler, 43, 50, 148, 224, 253, 263, 265, 280

Tomasiella Müll.-Arg., 317

Toni, De, 60

Toninia Th. Fr., 329

Torrey, 14

Tournefort, 1, 5, 155, 304

Tournesol, 413

Treboux, 40, 42

Trematosphaeropsis Elenk., 266

Tremotylium Nyl., 326

Trentepohlia Born., 26, 30, 34, 59, 75, 78, 232, 246, 276, 278, 287, 289, 291, 309, 316 etc., 343, 352, 365

T. abietina Hansg., 65, 66

T. aurea Mart., 34, 35, 58 (Fig. 29 A), 59

T. jolithus, 223

T. umbrina Born., 22, 34, 58 (Fig. 29 B), 59, 62, 216

Trentepohliaceae, 59, 288, 289

Treub, 28, 394

Treveris, Peter, 2

Tricothelium Müll.-Arg., 318

Trimmatothele Norm., 314

Tripe de Roche, 404

Trypetheliaceae, 309, 317

Trypethelium Spreng., 276, 317, 351, 364

Tubercularia Web., 9

Tuckerman, 15, 136, 339

Tulasne, 17, 25, 46, 70, 123, 159, 187, 189, 192, 193, 200, 204, 263

Turner, Dawson, 14

Tutt, 399

Tylophorella Wain., 320

Tylophoron Nyl., 289, 320

Uhlir, 43

Ulander, 211

Uloth, 233

Umbilicaria, 17, 82, 200, 241, 262, 268, 331

U. pustulata Hoffm., 86, 96, 150, 195, 214, 240, 257, 414

Unguentum Armarium, 407

Unguentum sympatheticum, 407

Urceolaria Ach., 48; see Diploschistes

Urococcus Kütz., 57, 133, 318

Usnea Dill., 1, 3, 7, 9, 83, 111, 195, 213, 233, 257, 268, 269, 300, 304, 305, 340, 347, 348, 351, 361, 408, 419

U. articulata Hoffm., 210, 268

U. barbata Web., 25, 99 (Fig. 58), 104 (Fig. 63 A), 130, 143 (Fig. 82), 167 (Fig. 95), 168, 177, 200, 211, 215, 226, 234, 239, 246, 339, 348, 364, 417

U. ceratina Ach., 227

U. compressa Hill, 8

U. dasypoga Stiz., 359

U. florida Web., 91 (Fig. 52), 92, 210, 213, 348, 363, 411

U. hirta Hoffm., 348, 355, 366

U. laevis Nyl., 177

U. longissima Ach., 85, 99, 102 (Fig. 61), 105 (Fig. 63 B), 106, 215, 348

U. macrocarpa Arn., 177

U. melaxantha Ach., 346

U. plicata Web., 359

U. Taylori Hook., 104

Usneaceae, 299, 311, 339

Vaillant, 6

Vallot, 253

Valsa Fr., 317

Varicellaria Nyl., 337

V. microsticta Nyl., 77, 92, 187 (Fig. 126)

Variolaria Ach. (see Pertusaria), 64, 171, 237

Vaucheria sessilis DC., 65 (Fig. 34)

Ventenat, 21

Verrucaria Web. (non Pers.), 9, 174, 200, 275, 314, 364

V. aethiobola Wahlenb., 391, 392

V. anceps Koerb., 377

V. aquatilis Mudd, 383

V. calciseda DC., 176, 215, 219, 241, 373, 398

V. Dufourii DC., 173

V. fuscella Ach., 373

V. Hoffmanni Hepp; f. purpurascens Arn., 251

V. hydrela Ach., 391, 392

V. lecideoides Koerb., 373

V. maculiformis Krempelh., 379

V. margacea Wahlenb., 391, 392

V. maura Wahlenb., 245, 383, 384, 386

V. memnonia Flot., 383

V. microspora Nyl., 256, 383, 386

V. mucosa Wahlenb., 73, 383

V. muralis Ach., 30, 46 (Fig. 14), 70, 243, 255, 361, 393

V. nigrescens Pers., 56, 254, 369, 377, 392

V. papillosa Ach., 377

V. prominula Nyl., 383

V. rupestris Schrad., 215, 243, 361

V. scotina Wedd., 383

V. striatula Wahlenb., 383

V. viridula Ach., 391

Verrucariaceae, 249, 309, 314, 353, 367

Verrucarites geanthricis Goepp., 354

Verrucula Stein., 265, 276

V. aegyptica Stein., 276

V. cahirensis Stein., 276

Visiani, 405

Volkard, 228, 410

Vouaux, 267

Wahlberg, 11, 168

Wahrlich, 51

Wainio, 31, 48, 70, 112, 114, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 144, 153, 159, 163, 166, 175, 177, 179, 188, 191, 240, 276, 277, 292, 294, 308, 344, 346, 348, 411

Waite, 270

Wallroth, xx, 13, 21, 22, 123, 133, 142, 156, 192, 305

Ward, Marshall, 35, 42, 59

Watson, Sir W., 8

Watson, 365, 373, 385

Watt, 403

Weber, 1, 9

Weddell, 252, 379

Wehmer, 220

Weir, 239

West, G. F., 52, 54, 55, 56

West, W., 225, 233, 357, 374

Wester, 211

Westring, 412

Wettstein, 45

Wheldon, 398

Wheldon and Wilson, 360, 370, 373, 374, 379, 384, 385, 387, 391, 392

Wiesner, 211, 241, 244

Wilde, 395

Wille, 28

Willemet, 10, 401, 415

Wilson, 350

Winter, 30, 138, 263

Winterstein, 209

Wisselingh, 211

Withering, 9

Wolff, 124, 163, 170, 172, 176

Woodward, 152

Woronin, 28

Woronina Cornu, 261

Xanthocapsa (Sect. of gloeocapsa), 52, 63, 284, 332, 373

Xanthoria Th. Fr., 166, 246

X. lychnea Th. Fr., 233, 252, 365, 417

X. parietina Th. Fr., 3, 22, 24, 27, 28, 38, 42, 48 (Fig. 15), 50, 56, 65, 67 (Fig. 36), 86, 164, 176, 189, 195, 200, 224, 225, 227, 231, 232, 241, 242, 253, 269, 270, 301, 341, 348, 351, 360, 369, 373, 376, 380, 383, 384, 386, 397, 406, 416, 418

X. polycarpa Oliv., 365, 390

Xylaria Hill, 12, 421

Xylographa Fr., 278, 322

X. spilomatica Th. Fr., 145

Xyloschistes Wain., 322

Zahlbruckner, A., 19, 59, 60, 66, 69, 275, 284, 308, 335, 413

Zopf, 19, 43, 108, 151, 188, 213, 221, 233, 238, 246, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270, 395, 396, 398, 400, 412, 417

Zukal, 18, 26, 38, 61, 68, 70, 82, 128, 129, 130, 163, 179, 187, 215, 219, 230, 237, 244, 267, 268, 271, 313, 395

Zwelser, 419

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

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