LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT WORKS REFERRED TO
Arthur G. Chater translation
1876 ADAM of Bremen: Adami Gesta Hamburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum ex recensione Lappenbergii. Editio altera. “Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum.” Hannoverae, 1876.
1862 ADAM of Bremen: Om Menigheden i Norden o. s. v. Overs. af P. W. Christensen. Copenhagen, 1862.
1893 ADAMS von Bremen Hamburgische Kirchengeschichte. Übers. von J. C. W. Laurent. 2. Aufl. Leipzig, 1893.
1839 AELIANUS (Claudius): Varia. “Vermischte Nachrichten,” Werke, Bd. I, übers. von Ephorus Dr. Wunderlich. “Griech. Prosaiker in neuen Uebers.,” hgb. v. Tafel, Osiander, und Schwab, Bd. 182. Stuttgart, 1839.
1894 AHLENIUS (Karl): Pytheas’ Thuleresa, “Språkvetenskapliga Sällsk. i Upsala Förhandl.,” I, 1882-94, pp. 101-124, in “Upsala Universitets Årsskrift,” 1894.
1900 AHLENIUS (K.): Die älteste geographische Kenntnis von Skandinavien. “Eranos,” III, 1898-1899. Upsala, 1900.
1859 ALFRED, King: Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius. Ed. by JOSEPH BOSWORTH, London, 1859. As to Ottar, see also HENRY SWEET: An Anglo-Saxon Reader, Oxford, 1884; R. RASK in “Skandinaviske Litteraturselskabs Skrifter,” XI, Copenhagen, 1815, with Danish transl. and notes; G. PORTHAN: “Kgl. Vitterh. Hist. o. Antique Acad. Handl.” VI, Stockholm, 1800, with Swedish transl. and notes.
1845 d’AVEZAC (M. P.): Les Iles fantastiques de l’océan occidental au moyen-âge. Paris, 1845.
1887 AVIENUS (Rufus Festus): Rufi Festi Avieni Carmina. Ed. Alfred Holder, Innsbruck, 1887.
BATÛTA (Ibn): Voyages d’Ibn Batoutah, Texte arabe et traduction par DEFRÉMERY et SANGUINETTI.
1902 BAUMGARTNER (A.): Island und die Färöer. 3 Aufl. Freiburg, 1902.
1876 BAUMSTARK (Anton), See TACITUS.
1880 BAUMSTARK (A.): Ausführliche Erläuterung des besondern völkerschaftlichen Theiles der Germania des Tacitus. Leipzig, 1880.
1904 1905 BEAUVOIS (Eug.): “Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris,” 1904, No. 2; 1905, No. 2.
1897 1906 BEAZLEY (C. Raymond): The Dawn of Modern Geography, I, 1897; II, 1901; III, 1906, London.
1898 BEAZLEY (C. R.): John and Sebastian Cabot. London, 1898.
1902 BÉRARD (Victor): Les Phéniciens et l’Odyssée. I, 1902; II, 1903. Paris.
1880 BERGER (Hugo): Die geographischen Fragmente des Eratosthenes. Leipzig, 1880.
1887-93 BERGER (H.): Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Erdkunde der Griechen. I, 1887; II, 1889; III, 1891; IV, 1893. Leipzig.
1904 BERGER (H.): Mythische Kosmographie der Griechen. Appendix to Roscher’s “Mythol. Lexikon.” Leipzig, 1904.
1878 BETHMANN (L.) and WAITZ(G.), see PAULUS WARNEFRIDI.
1909 BJÖRNBO (Axel Anthon): Adam af Bremens Nordensopfattelse. “Aarb. f. nord. Oldk o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1909.
1910 BJÖRNBO (A. A.) Cartographia Groenlandica. Indledning og Perioden til Aar 1576. Medd. om Grönland, XLVIII, 1. Copenhagen, 1911.
1910a BJÖRNBO (A. A.): Die echte Corte-Real-Karte. “Peterm. Geogr. Mitt.” 1910, II.
1904 BJÖRNBO (A. A.) and PETERSEN (Carl S.): Fyenboen Claudius Claussön Swart o.s.v. “Kgl. Danske. Vid. Selsk. Skr.” 6. R., hist. filos. Afd. VI. 2. Copenhagen, 1904.
1908 BJÖRNBO (A. A.) and PETERSEN (C. S.): Anecdota Cartographica Septentrionalia. Havnia, 1908.
1909 BJÖRNBO (A. A.) and PETERSEN (C. S.): Der Däne Claudius Claussön Swart. Innsbruck, 1909.
1867 BLOM (O.): Om Kongespeilets Affattelsestid. “Aarb. f. nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1867.
1901 BOAS (Franz): Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay. “Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.” XV, 1901.
1909 BOBÉ (Louis): Aktstykker til Oplysning om Grönlands Besejling. “Danske Magazin,” 5. R., VI. Copenhagen, 1909.
1859 BOSWORTH (J.), see King ALFRED.
1910 BREDA (O. J.): Rundt Kensington-stenen. “Symra,” VI. Decorah 1910.
1877 BRENNER (Oskar): Nord- und Mitteleuropa in den Schriften der Alten. Zuang. Diss. München, 1877.
1909 BRÖGGER (A. W.): Den Arktiske Stenalder i Norge. “Vid. Selsk. Skr.” II Hist. filos. Kl., 1909. No. 1. Christiania.
1896 BRUUN (Daniel): Arkæologiske Undersögelser i Julianehaabs Distrikt, 1895. “Medd. om Grönland,” XVI. Copenhagen, 1896.
1902 BRUUN (D.): Det höie Nord. Copenhagen, 1902.
1899 BUGGE (Alexander): Vore forfædres opdagelsesreiser i Polaregnene. “Kringsjå,” XI. Christiania, 1899.
1900 BUGGE (A.): Contributions to the History of the Norsemen in Ireland, III. “Vid.-Selsk Skr.,” II Hist. filos. Kl. 1900. Christiania, 1901.
1904-06 BUGGE (A.): Vikingerne. Billeder fra vore forfædres liv. I, 1904; II, 1906. Christiania.
1905 BUGGE (A.): Vesterlandenes Indflydelse på Nordboernes og særlig Nordmændenes ydre Kultur o. s. v. i Vikingetiden. “Vid.-Selsk. Skr.” II Hist. filos. Kl. 1904, No. 1. Christiania, 1905.
1908 BUGGE (A.): Nordlands skiftende Skjæbne. “Hist. Tidsskrift.” 4. R., V. Christiania, 1908.
1890 BUGGE (Sophus): Bidrag til Nordiske Navnes Historie. “Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi,” VI. Lund, 1890.
1896 BUGGE (S.): Germanische Etymologien, Beiträge 3. “Gesch. d. Deutschen Sprache in Literatur,” XXI. Halle, 1896.
1902 BUGGE (S.): Norges Indskrifter med de yngre Runer. Hönen-Runerne fra Ringerike. Christiania, 1902.
1904 BUGGE (S.): Foranskudts, især i Navne. “Arkiv. för Nordisk Filologi,” XXI. Lund, 1904.
1907 BUGGE (S.): Om nordiske folkenavne hos Jordanes. “Fornvännen.” Stockholm, 1907.
1910 BUGGE (S.): Der Runenstein von Rök in Ostergötland, Schweden. Hgb. durch Magnus Olsen. Stockholm, 1910.
1883 BUNBURY (E. H.): A History of Ancient Geography. London, 1883.
1904 CALLEGARI (G. V.): Pitea di Massilia. “Rivista di Storia Antica,” VII, 4; VIII, 2; IX, 2. Padova, 1904.
1866 CHRIST (Wilhelm): Avien und die ältesten Nachrichten über Iberien und die Westküste Europa’s. “Abhandl. d. Philos.-Philol. Classe d. K. Bayerischen Akad. d. Wiss.,” XI. München, 1866.
1867 COLLINSON (Richard): The three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, 1576-8. London, 1867.
1880 COSTA (B. F. de): Arctic Exploration. “Journ. of the American Geogr. Soc. of New York,” XII. 1880.
1828 CROKER (T. Crofton): Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland. London, 1828.
1890 CRUSIUS (O.): Hyperboreer in “Roscher’s Mythol. Lexikon,” I, 2. Leipzig, 1890.
1871 CUNO (J. G.): Forschungen im Gebiete der Alten Völkerkunde. Berlin, 1871.
1882 DAAE (Ludvig): Didrik Pining. “Hist. Tidsskrift” 2. R. III. Christiania, 1882.
1888 DAAE (L.): Italieneren Francesco Negris Reise i Norge 1664-1665. “Hist. Tidsskrift” 2. R. VI. Christiania, 1888.
1894 DAWSON (Samuel Edward): The Voyages of the Cabots in 1497 and 1498; with an attempt to determine their landfall and to identify their island of St. John. “Proc. and Trans. of the R. Soc. of Canada 1894,” XII. Ottawa, 1895.
1896 DAWSON (S. E.): The Voyages of the Cabots in 1497 and 1498. A sequel etc. “Proc. and Trans. of the R. Soc. of Canada.” 2 Ser. II, 1896.
1897 DAWSON (S. E.): The Voyages of the Cabots. Latest Phases of the Controversy. “Proc. and Trans. of the R. Soc. of Canada.” 2 Ser. III, 1897.
1673 DEBES (Lucas Jacobsön): Færoe et Færoa Reserata. Det er: Færöernis oc Færöeske Indbyggeris Beskrivelse o. s. v. Copenhagen, 1673.
1849 DELISLE (L.): Des Revenus Publics en Normandie au Douzième Siècle. “Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes.” IIIe Série, I. Paris, 1849.
1881 DESIMONI (Cornelio): Intorno a Giovanni Caboto Genovese etc. “Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria.” Genova, 1881.
1897 DETLEFSEN (D.): Zur Kenntniss der Alten von der Nordsee. “Hermes,” XXXII. Berlin, 1897.
1904 DETLEFSEN (D.): Die Entdeckung des germanischen Nordens im Altertum. “Quellen u. Forsch. z. alten Gesch. u. Geographie.” Hgb. v. W. Sieglin. H. 8. Berlin, 1904.
DICUIL, see LETRONNE.
1870 DICUIL: De mensura orbis terræ, ed. Parthey. Berlin, 1870.
1890 DIODORUS SICULUS: Bibliotheca Historica. Ed. F. VOGEL. Leipzig, 1890.
1881 DOZY (R.): Recherches sur l’Histoire et Littérature de l’Espagne. 3. éd. Paris, Leyde, 1881.
1836 EDRISI: Géographie d’Edrisi. Trad. par P. A. JAUBERT. “Recueil de Voyages et de Mémories publ. p. l. Soc. de Géographie.” V. Paris, 1836.
1866 EDRISI: Description de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne par Edrisi. Publ. avec trad. par R. Dozy et M. J. de Goeje. Leyden, 1866.
1741 EGEDE (Hans): De gamle Grönlands nye Perlustration eller Naturel-Historie. Kiöbenhafn, 1741.
1794 EGGERS (H. P.): Om Grönlands Österbygds sande Beliggenhed. “Det kgl. danske Landhusholdnings Selskabs Skrifter.” IV. Copenhagen, 1794.
1845 EINHARDI: Vita Caroli magni, ed. B. H. PERTZ. Hannover, 1845.
1891 EIRIKS Saga Rauda, og Flatöbogens Groenlendingaþáttr o. s. v. ved Gustav Storm. “Samfund til Utg. af gammel nordisk Literatur,” XXI. Copenhagen, 1891.
ERATOSTHENES, see BERGER.
1897 FABRICIUS (A.): Nordmannertogene til den Spanske Halvö. “Aarb. f. Nord. Oldk. og Hist.” 2. R. XII. Copenhagen, 1897.
1865 FAQÎH (Ibn al-): Kitâb al-buldân. Ed. M. J. de Goeje. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1865.
1910 FERNALD (M. L.): Notes on the Plants of Wineland the Good. “Rhodora,” Journal of the New England Botanical Club. XII. Boston, 1910.
1872 FISCHER (M. P.): Documents pour servir à l’Histoire de la Baleine des Basques. “Ann. d. Sciences Nat. Zoologie.” XV. Paris, 1872.
1886 FISCHER (Theobald): Beiträge zur Geschichte der Erdkunde und der Kartographie in Italien im Mittelalter. Samml. Mittelalterl. Welt- und Seekarten italienischen Ursprungs. F. Ongania. Venice, 1886.
1842-48 FORBIGER (Alb.): Handbuch der alten Geographie. I, 1842; II, 1844; III, 1848. Leipzig.
1823 FRÄHN (C. M.): Ibn-Foszlan’s und anderer Araber Berichte über die Russen älterer Zeit. St. Petersburg, 1823.
1881 FRIIS (Peder Claussön): Samlede Skrifter, utg. av Gustav Storm. Christiania, 1881.
1883 GEELMUYDEN (H.): De gamle Kalendere, særlig Islændernes. “Naturen,” VII. Christiania, 1883.
1883a GEELMUYDEN (H.): Den förste Polarexpedition. “Naturen,” VII. Christiania, 1883.
1825 GEIJER (E. G.): Svea Rikes Häfder. I. Upsala, 1825.
1898 GEMINI Elementa Astronomiae. Ed. C. Manitius. Leipzig, 1898. (Greek, with German transl.)
1895 GERLAND (G.): Zu Pytheas Nordlandsfahrt. “Beiträge zur Geophysik,” II. Stuttgart, 1895.
1909 GJESSING (Helge): Runestenen fra Kensington. “Symra,” V. Decorah, 1909.
1891 GOEJE (M. J. de): La légende de Saint Brandan. “Actes du Huitième Congrès internat. des Orientalistes, 1889.” Leiden, 1891.
1901-04 v. GRIENBERGER: Die nordischen Völker bei Jordanes. “Zeitschrift für Deutschen Altertum.” XLV, 1901, XLVII, 1904. Berlin.
1854 GRIMM (Jacob): Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer. 2. Ausg. Göttingen, 1854.
1875-78 GRIMM (J.): Deutsche Mythologie. 4. Ausg. I, 1875; II, 1876; III, 1878. Berlin.
1880 GRIMM (J): Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache. I. 4. Ausg. Leipzig, 1880.
1863 GRÖNDAL (B.): Folketro i Norden, “Ann. f. Nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1863.
1838-45 “Grönlands Historiske Mindesmærker.” Utg. af d. Kgl. Nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab. Copenhagen, 1838-1845.
1889 GUDMUNDSSON (Valtýr): Privatboligen paa Island i Sagatiden; samt delvis det övrige Norden. Copenhagen, 1889.
1884 GUICHOT Y SIERRA (Alejandro): Supersticiones populares, recojidas en Andalucia y comparados con las Portuguesas. “Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares Españolas.” Madrid, 1884.
1889 GULDBERG (Gustav A.): En kort historisk Udsigt over Hvalfangsten i ældre Tider. “Folkevennen.” N. R. XIII. Christiania, 1889.
1890 GULDBERG (G. A.): Om Skandinavernes hvalfangst. “Nord. Tidsskrift.” Stockholm, 1890.
1894 GÜNTHER (S.): Adam von Bremen, der erste deutsche Geograph. “Sitzungsberichte der Königlich böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Phil. histor. Kl.” 1894.
1850 HAKLUYT (Richard): Divers Voyages touching the Discovery of America and its Islands Adjacent. Hakluyt Society. London, 1850.
1903 HAKLUYT (R.): The Principal Navigations, etc. Hakluyt Society. Glasgow, 1903.
1907 HAMBERG (Axel): Om eskimaernes härkomst och Amerikas befolkande. “Ymer,” XXVII. Stockholm, 1907.
1855 HAMMERSHAIMB (V. U.): Færöiske Kvæder. 2. hefte. Copenhagen, 1855.
1891 HAMMERSHAIMB (V. U.): Færöisk Anthologi, I. Copenhagen, 1891.
1907 HANSEN (Andr. M.): Oldtidens Nordmænd Ophav og Besætning. “Gammel Norsk Kultur i Tekst og Billeder,” Norsk Folkemuseum. Christiania, 1901.
1908 HANSEN (A. M.): Om Helleristningerne. Foren. t. norske Fortidsmindesmærkers Bevaring, Aarsbog. 1908.
1909 HANSEN (A. M.): Peder Claussön om Sjöfinnernes Sprog. “Maal og Minne.” Christiania, 1909.
1882 HARRISSE (Henry): Jean et Sebastian Cabot, leur origine et leurs voyages, etc. “Recueil de voyages et de documents,” etc. I. Paris, 1882.
1883 HARRISSE (H.): Les Corte-Real et leurs voyages au Nouveau-Monde. “Rec. de voy. et de doc.,” etc. III. Paris, 1883.
1892 HARRISSE (H.): The Discovery of North America. London, 1892.
1896 HARRISSE (H.): John Cabot the Discoverer of North America and Sebastian his Son. London, 1896.
1900 HARRISSE (H.): Découverte et évolution cartographique de Terre-Neuve et des Pays Circonvoisins, 1497-1501-1769. London, Paris, 1900.
1892-96 “Hauks bôk,” utg. af det kgl. Nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab (ved Finnur Jónsson). Copenhagen, 1892-96.
1904 HEFFERMEHL (A. V.): Presten Ivar Bodde o. s. v. Hist. Skrifter tilegn. Prof. Ludvig Daae o. s. v. af Venner og Diciple. Christiania, 1904.
1878 HEIBERG (Jacob): Lappische Gräber-schädel. “Archiv for Math. og Naturvid.,” III. Christiania, 1878.
1905 HELLAND (Amund): Finmarkens Amt. “Norges Land og Folk,” XX. Christiania, 1905.
1908 HELLAND (A.): Nordlands Amt. “Norges Land og Folk,” XVIII. Christiania, 1908.
1893 HERGT (Gustav): Die Nordlandfahrt des Pytheas. Inaug.-Diss. Halle, 1893.
1901 HERRMANN (Paul): Erläuterungen zu den ersten neun Büchern der Dänischen Geschichte des “Saxo Grammaticus,” I. Leipzig, 1901.
1904 HERTZBERG (Ebbe): Nordboernes gamle Boldspil. Hist. Skrifter tilegn. Prof. Ludwig Daae o. s. v. af Venner og Diciple. Christiania, 1904.
1880 “Historia Norwegiæ,” see STORM, 1880.
1909 HOEGH (Knut): Om Kensington og Elbow Lake-stenene. “Symra,” V. Decorah, 1909.
1865 HOFMANN (Conrad): Ueber das Lebermeer. “Sitzungsber. d. königl. bayer. Akad. d. Wissenschaften,” II, 1. München, 1865.
1909 HOLAND (R. Hjalmar): Kensington-stenens sprog og runer. “Symra,” V. Decorah, 1909.
1883 HOLM (G. F.): Beskrivelse af Ruiner i Julianehaabs Distrikt, der er undersögte i Aaret 1880. “Medd. om Grönland,” VI. Copenhagen, 1883.
1894 HOLZ (Georg): Beiträge zur deutschen Altertumskunde. H. 1. Über die Germanische Völkertafel des Ptolemaeus. Halle, 1894.
1870 HOMEYER (C. G.): Die Haus- und Hofmarken. Berlin, 1870.
1904 IRGENS (O.): Et Spörsmaal, vedkommende de gamle Nordmænds översöiske fart. “Skrifter utg. av Bergens hist. Forening,” Nr. 10. Bergen, 1904.
1888 “Islandske Annaler” indtil 1578. Udg. f. d. “Norske hist. Kildeskriftfond” ved Gustav Storm. Christiania, 1888.
1891 JACOB (Georg): Welche Handelsartikel bezogen die Araber des Mittelalters aus den nordisch-baltischen Ländern? 2. Ausg. Berlin, 1891.
1891a JACOB (G.): Die Waaren beim arabisch-nordischen Verkehr im Mittelalter. Berlin, 1891.
1892 JACOB (G.): Studien in arabischen Geographen. IV. Berlin, 1892.
1896 JACOB (G.): Ein arabischer Berichterstatter aus dem 10. Jahrhundert etc. Artikel aus Qazwînîs Athâr al-bilâd. 3. verm. u. verb. Aufl. Berlin, 1896.
1866 JACUT’S Geographisches Wörterbuch. Hgb. v. F. Wüstenfeld. Leipzig, 1866.
1898 1902 JAKOBSEN (Jakob): Færöiske Folkesagn og Æventyr. Copenhagen, 1898-1902.
1901 JAKOBSEN (J.): Shetlandsöernes stednavne. “Aarb. f. nord. Oldk. o. s. v.” 1901.
1900 JANTZEN (Hermann): Saxo Grammaticus. Die ersten neun Bücher der dänischen Geschichte, uebersetzt und erläutert. Berlin, 1900.
1892-96 JÓNSSON (Finnur), see “Hauks bôk.”
1893 JÓNSSON (F.): En kort Udsigt over den Islandsk-Grönlandske Kolonis Historie. “Nord. Tidsskrift.” Stockholm, 1893.
1894 JÓNSSON (F.): Den oldnorske og oldislandske Litteraturs Historie. I, 1894; II 1. 1898; II 2, 1901. Copenhagen. 1901
1897 JÓNSSON (F.): Sigurdarkvida en Skamma. “Aarb. f. Nord. Oldk.” o. s. v. 2 R., XII. Copenhagen, 1897.
1899 JÓNSSON (F.): Grönlands gamle Topografi efter Kilderne. “Medd. om Grönland,” XX. Copenhagen, 1899.
1900 JÓNSSON (F.): Landnámabók. Copenhagen, 1900.
1882 JORDANIS Romana et Getica, rec. Th. Mommsen, “Monumenta Germaniae Historica.” Berolini, 1882.
1884 JORDANES Gothengeschichte. Übers. v. Wilhelm Martens. I. W. Wattenbach: “Die Geschichtschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit. 6. Jahr.” I. Leipzig, 1884.
1879 JOYCE (P. W.): Old Celtic Romances. London, 1879.
1903 KÄHLER (Friedrich): Forschungen zu Pytheas’ Nordlandsreisen. Stadtgymnasium zu Halle a. S. Festschrift z. Begrüss. d. 47 Vers. Deutscher Philologen u. Schulmänner im Halle. 1903.
1839 1868 KEYSER (R.): Om Nordmændenes Herkomst og Folkeslægtskab, “Samlinger til det norske Folks Sprog og Historie,” VI, 1839. Reprinted in “Samlede Afhandlinger.” Christiania, 1868.
1865 KHORDÂDHBEH (Ibn): Le Livre des Routes et des Provinces. Trad. par C. BARBIER DE MEYNARD. Paris, 1865.
1889 KHORDÂDHBEH (Ibn): Kitâb al-Masâlik wa’l-mamâlik, auctore Abn’l-Kâsim ... Ibn Khordâdhbeh, etc. “Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum,” ed. M. J. de Goeje, VI. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1889.
1883 KOCH (John): Die Siebenschläferlegende, ihr Ursprung und ihre Verbreitung. Leipzig, 1883.
1869 KOHL (J. G.): Die erste Deutsche Entdeckungsfahrt zum Nordpol. “Peterm. geogr. Mitt.,” 1869.
1880 KOHL (J. G.): Documentary History of the Discovery of the State of Maine. “Maine Historical Soc. Collections.” Portland, 1880.
1908 KOHLMANN (Phipp Wilhelm): Adam von Bremen. “Leipzigs Historische Abhandlungen.” X. Leipzig, 1908.
1908 KOHT (Halvdan): Om Haalogaland og Haalöyg-Ætten. “Hist. Tidsskrift,” 4. R. VI. Christiania, 1908.
1909 KOHT (H.): Sagnet om Hvítramannaland. “Hist. Tidsskrift,” 4. R. VI. Christiania, 1909.
1909 KRABBO (Hermann): Nordeuropa in der Vorstellung Adams von Bremen. “Hansische Geschichtsblätter.” Heft. 1. Leipzig, 1909.
1891 KRETSCHMER (Konrad): Marino Sanudo der Ältere und die Karten des Petrus Vesconte. “Zeitschr. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde z. Berlin.” XXVI. 1891.
1891a KRETSCHMER (K.): Eine neue mittelalterliche Weltkarte der vatikanischen Bibliothek. “Zeitschr. d. Gesellsc. f. Erdkunde z. Berlin,” XXVI. 1891.
1892 KRETSCHMER (K.): Die Entdeckung Amerika’s in ihre Bedeutung für die Geschichte des Weltbildes. “Festschr. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde z. Berlin.” 1892.
1897 KRETSCHMER (K.): Die Katalanische Weltkarte der Biblioteca Estense zu Modena. “Zeitschr. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde z. Berlin,” XXXII. 1897.
1909 KRETSCHMER (K.): Die italienischen Portolane des Mittelalters. Veröff. d. Instituts f. Meereskunde u. d. geogr. Instituts a. d. Universität Berlin, XIII. 1909.
1859 KUNSTMANN (Fr.): Die Entdeckung Amerikas nach den ältesten Quellen geschichtlich dargestellt. “Monum. saec. Kgl. Bayerischen Akad. d. Wissensch.” München, 1859.
1894 LAFFLER (L. Fr.): Om de Östskandinaviska Folknamnen hos Jordanes. “Bidrag till Kännedom om de Svenska Landsmålen ock Svensk Folklif,” XIII, No. 9. Stockholm, 1894.
1907 LÄFFLER (L. Fr.): Anmärkningar till professor Sophus Bugges uppsats “Om nordiske Folkenavne hos Jordanes.” “Fornvännen,” 1907. Stockholm.
1870 “LAGENIENSIS”: Irish Folk Lore. Glasgow, 1870.
1881 LAMPROS (S. P.): Cananos Lascaris and Basileios Batatzes, two Greek travellers of the 14th and 15th centuries. “Parnassos,” V. Athens, 1881. (In Greek.)
1888 LANCARBANENSI (Caradoco): Vita Gildae, in “Monumenta Germaniae Historica,” 4to. “Auctores antiguissimi,” XIII, III: Chronica Minora, Sæc. IV, V, VI, VII, ed. Th. Mommsen. Berolini, 1888.
1900 “Landnámabók” utg. av det kgl. nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab, ved Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen, 1900.
1838 LAPPENBERG (I. M.): Von den Quellen, Handschriften und Bearbeitungen des Adam von Bremen. “Archiv. der Gesellsch. f. ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde.” VI. Hannover, 1838.
1876 LAPPENBERG, see Adam of Bremen.
1767 LEEM (Knud): Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper. Copenhagen, 1767.
1852 LELEWEL (Joachim): Géographie du Moyen Âge. Breslau, 1852. Atlas, 1851.
1814 LETRONNE (A.): Recherches Géographiques et Critiques sur le livre de Mensura Orbis Terræ, etc. par Dicuil. Paris, 1814.
1872 LIEBRECHT (Felix): Sanct Brandan. Ein lateinischer und drei deutsche Texte. Herausg. von Schröder. “The Academy,” III, 1872.
1689 LILLIENSKIOLD (Hans Hansen): Speculum boreale, 1689. MS. (No. 948-949) in the Thott Collection in the Royal Library at Copenhagen. Copy in the collections of the Norwegian Historical MSS. Commission.
1897 LÖNBORG (Sven Erik): Adam af Bremen och hans skildring af Nordeuropas Länder och Folk. Akad. Afh. Upsala, 1897.
1861 MAÇOUDI: Les Prairies d’or. Par C. Barbier de Meynard et Pavet de Courteille. “Coll d’ouvr. orient. Soc. Asiatique.” Paris, 1861.
1896 MAÇOUDI: Le livre de l’avertissement et de la revision. Par Carra de Vaux. “Coll. d’ouvr. orient. Soc. Asiatique.” Paris, 1896.
1883 MANDEVILLE (John): The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile. Ed. by J. O. Halliwell. London, 1883.
1893 MARKHAM (Clements R.): Pytheas, the Discoverer of Britain. “Geogr. Journal,” I. London, 1893.
1893 MARKHAM (C. R.): The Journal of Christopher Columbus and Documents relating to the Voyages of John Cabot and Gaspar Corte Real. The Hakluyt Society, LXXXVI. London, 1893.
1897 MARKHAM (C. R.): Fourth Centenary of the Voyage of John Cabot 1497. “Geogr. Journal,” IX. London, 1897.
1895 MARX (Friedrich): Aviens ora Maritima. “Rheinisches Museum für Philologie,” N. F. L. Frankfurt, 1895.
1901 1902 MATTHIAS (Franz): Über Pytheas von Massilia und die ältesten Nachrichten von den Germanen. Wissensch. Beilage z. “Jahresbericht des Königl. Luisengymnasiums zu Berlin.” Programm No. 62, 1901: Programm No. 64, 1902. Berlin.
1855 MAURER (Konrad): Die Bekehrung des Norwegischen Stammes zum Christenthume. München, 1855.
1874 MAURER (K.): I. Grönland im Mittelalter. II. Grönlands Wiederentdeckung. “Die zweite Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt,” 1869-1870. I. Leipzig, 1874.
1874a MAURER (K.): Island von seiner ersten Entdeckung etc. München, 1874.
1857 MEHREN (A. F.): Fremstilling af de Islamitiske Folks almindelige geographiske Kundskaber, o. s. v. “Ann. f. nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1857.
1874 MEHREN (A. F.): Manuel de la Cosmographie du Moyen Âge. Copenhague, 1874.
1902 MEISSNER (R.): Die Strengleikar. Halle a. S., 1902.
1822 MELA (Pomponius): Jordbeskrivelse. Ovs. a. J. H. Bredsdorff. Copenhagen, 1822.
1895 METELKA (J.): O neznámêm dosud vydáni mapy Islandu Olaa Magna zr. 1548. “Sitzungsber. d. kgl. böhmischen Gesellsch. d. Wissensch., Cl. f. Philos., Gesch. u. Philol.” Jahrg. 1895. Prag, 1896.
1895-97 MEYER (Kuno) and NUTT (Alfred): The Voyage of Bran son of Febal to the Land of the Living. I, 1895; II, 1897. London.
1853 MICHELSEN (A. L. J.): Die Hausmarke. Jena, 1853.
1895-98 MILLER (Konrad): Mappe mundi. Die ältesten Weltkarten, I-III, 1895; IV-V, 1896; VI, 1898. Stuttgart.
1892 MOGK (E.): Die Entdeckung Amerikas durch die Nordgermanen. “Mitt. d. Vereins f. Erdkunde z. Leipzig.” 1892.
1882 MOMMSEN (Th.), see JORDANES
1895 MOMMSEN (Th.), see SOLINUS.
1893 MUCH (Rudolf): Goten und Ingvaeonen. “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Deutschen Spr. u Lit.” XVII. Halle, 1893.
1895 MUCH (R.): Germanische Völkernamen. “Zeitsch. f. Deutsches Altertum,” XXXIX. Berlin, 1895.
1895a MUCH (R.): “Alokiai Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Deutschen Spr. u. Lit.,” XX. Halle, 1895.
1905 MUCH (R.): Deutsche Stammeskunde. “Sammlung Göschen.” Leipzig, 1905.
1870-1900 MÜLLENHOFF (Karl): Deutsche Altertumskunde. I, 1870; II, 1887; III, 1892; IV, 1900. Berlin.
1889 MÜLLENHOFF (K.): Beovulf. Berlin, 1889.
1892 MÜLLENHOFF (K.): and SCHERER (W.): Denkmäler Deutscher Poesie und Prosa. 3. Ausg. Berlin, 1892.
1909 MÜLLER (Sophus): De forhistoriske Tider i Europa. “Verdens Kulturen” ved Aage Friis, II. Copenhagen, 1909.
1851 MUNCH (P. A.): Det norske Folks Historie. Christiania, 1851.
1852 MUNCH (P. A.): Geographiske Oplysninger om de i Sagaerne forekommende skotske og irske Stedsnavne. “Ann. f. Nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen 1852.
1860 MUNCH (P. A.): Chronica Regum Manniæ ed. Christiania, 1860.
1895 MURRAY (John): A Summary of the Scientific Results, etc. Historical Introduction. “Challenger’s Report,” Summary, I. London, 1895.
1890 NANSEN (Fridtjof): På ski over Grönland, Christiania, 1890. (Engl. transl.) “The First Crossing of Greenland,” London, 1890.
1891 NANSEN (F.): Eskimoliv. Christiania, 1891. (Engl. transl., “Eskimo Life,” London, 1893.)
1905 NIELSEN (Yngvar): Nordmænd og Skrælinger i Vinland. “Hist. Tidsskrift,” 4. R. III: and in “Norsk geogr. Selsk. Årbog.” 1905.
1892 NIESE (B.): Entwickelung der Homerischen Poesie. Berlin, 1882.
1837 NILSSON (Sven): Några Commentarier till Pytheas’ fragmenter om Thule. “Physiographiska Sällskapets Tidsskrift,” I, 1837. Lund, 1837-1838.
1838 NILSSON (S.): Einige Bemerkungen zu Pytheas Nachrichten über Thule (from Swedish). “Zeitschr. Alterthumwiss.” 1838.
1862 1865 NILSSON (S.): Skandinaviske Nordens Ur-Invånare. Bronsålderen. 2. utg. Stockholm, 1862. Tillägg, 1865. In German translation: “Die Ureinwohner des scandinavischen Nordens.” Das Bronzealter. 2. Ausg. Hamburg, 1866.
1815 NOEL (S. B. J.): Histoire Generale des Pêches Anciennes et Modernes. Paris, 1815.
1889 NORDENSKIÖLD (A. E.): Facsimile Atlas. Stockholm, 1889.
1892 NORDENSKIÖLD (A. E.): Bidrag til Nordens äldsta Kartografi. Utg. af “Svenska Sällsk. f. Antr. o. Geogr.” Stockholm, 1892.
1897 NORDENSKIÖLD (A. E.): Periplus. Stockholm, 1897.
1899 NYSTRÖM (J. F.): Geografiens och de Geografiska Upptäckternas Historia, till Början af 1800-Talet. Stockholm, 1899.
1905 OLSEN (Magnus): Det gamle norske önavn Njarðarlog. “Forh. i Vid. Selsk.” Christiania, 1905.
1909 OLSEN (M.): Peder Claussön om Sjöfinnernes Sprog. “Maal og Minne.” Christiania, 1909.
ONGANIA, see TH. FISCHER.
1878 PAULUS WARNEFRIDI: Historia Langobardorum. Ed. L. Bethmann et G. Waitz. Script. Rer. Langob. et Italic. Saec. VI-IX. “Monumenta Germaniae Historica.” Hannover, 1878.
1878 PESCHEL (Johannes): Das Märchen vom Schlaraffenlande. “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Deutschen Spr. u. Lit.,” V. Halle, 1878.
1866 PLINII (C.) Secundi: Naturalis Historia. Rec. D. Detlefsen. Berolini, 1866.
1881 PLINIUS: Die Naturgeschichte des Cajus Plinius Secundus. Übs. v. G. C. Wittstein. Leipzig, 1881.
1893 PLUTARCH: Moralia, ed. BERNARDABIS. V. Leipzig, 1893.
1753 PONTOPPIDAN (Erich): Det förste Forsög paa Norges Naturlige Historie. Copenhagen, 1753.
1800 PORTHAN (H. G.), see King ALFRED.
1829 PROCOPIUS: Des Prokopius von Cäsarea Geschichte seiner Zeit; III og IV, Gothische Denkwürdigkeiten. Ubers. von P. F. Kanngiesser. Greifswald, 1829 og 1831.
1905 PROCOPIUS: Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia. Recognovit Jacobus Haury, Leipzig, 1905.
1838 PTOLEMAEUS (Claudius): Claudii Ptolemæi Geographiæ libri octo. Ed. F. G. Wilberg. Essendiæ, 1838.
1907 PULLÈ (F. L.) and LONGHENA (M.): Illustrazione del Mappamondo Catalano della Biblioteca Estense di Modena. “VI Congresso Geografico Itaniano, Venezia, 1907.” Venezia, 1908.
1848 QAZWÎNÎ: Zakarija b. Muhammed b. Mahmud el-Caswini’s Kosmographie. Hgb. von F. Wüstenfeld. Göttingen, 1848.
1893 QVIGSTAD (J. K.): Nordische Lehnwörter in Lappischen. “Forhandl. i Vid. Selsk.” Christiania, 1893.
1909 QVIGSTAD (J. K.): Peder Claussön om Sjöfinnernes Sprog. “Maal og Minne.” Christiania, 1909.
1837 RAFN (C. Chr.): Antiquitates Americanae. Copenhagen, 1837.
1900 RANISCH (Wilhelm): Die Gautreksaga. “Palaestra,” XI. Berlin, 1900.
1815 RASK (R.), see King ALFRED.
1860 RAVENNA GEOGRAPHER: Ravennatis Anonymi Cosmographia et Guidonis Geographican. Ed. M. Pinder et G. Parthey. Berolini, 1860.
1908 RAVENSTEIN (E. G.): Martin Behaim, his Life and his Globe. London, 1908.
1895 REEVES (Arthur Middleton): The Finding of Wineland the Good. London, 1895.
1892 REINACH (Salomon): L’étain celtique. “L’Anthropologie,” III. Paris, 1892.
1852-57 RINK (H.): Grönland, geografisk og statistisk beskrevet. Copenhagen, 1852-57.
1866 RINK (H.): Eskimoiske Eventyr og Sagn. Copenhagen, 1866.
1871 RINK (H.): Om Eskimoernes Herkomst. “Aarb. f. nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1871.
1885 RINK (H.): Om de eskimoiske Dialekter som Bidrag til Bedömmelsen af Spörgamaalet om Eskimoernes Herkomst og Vandringer. “Aarb. f. nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1885.
RINK (H.): The Eskimo Dialects as serving to determine the Relationship between the Eskimo Tribes. Anthrop. Inst. of Great Britain and Ireland, XV.
1887 1891 RINK (H.): The Eskimo Tribes. “Medd. om Grönland,” XI. Copenhagen, 1887; and “Supplement” to XI. 1891.
1900 ROHDE (Erwin): Der Griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer. 2. Aufl. Leipzig, 1900.
1892 RUGE (Sophus): Die Entdeckungs-Geschichte der Neuen Welt. “Festschrift der Hamburgischen Amerika-Feier,” I. Hamburg, 1892.
1892 RUGE (S.): Die Entwickelung der Kartographie von Amerika bis 1570. “Peterm. geogr. Mitt.” Erg. heft No. 106. Gotha, 1892.
1886 1790 RYDBERG (Viktor): Undersökningar i Germanisk Mythologi. Stockholm, 1886. “Rymbegla” sive rudimentum compasti ecclesiatici veterum islandorum. Ed. Stephanus Biörnonis. Havniæ, 1780.
1853 SAN-MARTHE: Die Sagen von Merlin. Halle, 1853.
1877 SARS (J. Ernst): Udsigt over den norske Historie. Christiania, I-IV, 1877 (2. utg.)—1891.
SAXO GRAMMATICUS, see HERRMANN and JANTZEN.
1873 SCHIERN (Frederik): Om Oprindelsen til Sagnet om de guldgravende Myrer. Ovs. over det Kgl. Danske Vid.-Selsk. Forh. Copenhagen, 1873.
1888 SCHIRMER (Gustav): Zur Brendanus-Legende. Habilitationsschrift. Leipzig, 1888.
1881 SCHLIEMANN (H.): Ilion. Leipzig, 1881.
1851 SCHOOLCRAFT (Henry R.): Historical and Statistical Information respecting the History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Philadelphia, 1851.
1901 SCHRADER (O.): Reallexikon der Indogermanischen Altertumskunde. Strassburg, 1901.
1871 SCHRÖDER (Carl): Sanct Brandan. Erlangen, 1871.
1890 SCHUCHHARDT: Schliemanns Ausgrabungen im Lichte der heutigen Wissenschaft. Leipzig, 1890.
1904 SCHULTZ-LORENTZEN: Eskimoernes Indvandring i Grönland. “Medd. om Grönland,” XXVI. Copenhagen, 1904.
1898 SCHWEIGER-LERCHENFELD (A. v.): Der Bernstein als Handelsartikel bei den Alten. “Oesterr. Monatschrift für den Orient.” Wien, 1898, No. 12, Anhang.
1884 SCHWERIN (H. H. von): Herodots framställning af Europas Geografi. Lund, 1884.
1905 SCHWERIN (H. H. von): De Geografiska Upptäckternas Historia. Forntiden och Medeltiden. Stockholm, 1905.
1908 SCISCO (L. D.): The Tradition of Hvittramanna-land. “American Historical Magazine,” III. 1908.
1896 SEIPPEL (Alexander): Rerum Normannicarum fontes Arabici. Fasc. I. Christiania, 1896. (In Arabic.)
1886 SERBILLOT (Paul): Légendes, croyances et superstitions de la Mer. Paris, 1886.
1908-09 SIRET (Louis): Les Cassitérides et l’empire Colonial des Phéniciens. “L’Anthropologie,” XIX, 1908; XX, no. 2-4. Paris, 1909.
1899 SNORRE STURLASON: Kongesagaer oversat av G. Storm. Christiania, 1899.
1909 1910 SOLBERG (O.): Die Wohnplätze auf der Kjelminsel in Süd-Waranger. “Vid. Selsk. Skr.,” II, 1909, No. 7. Christiania, 1910.
1907 SOLBERG (O.): Beiträge zur Vorgeschichte der Ost-Eskimo. “Vid. Selsk. Skr.,” II, No. 2. Christiania, 1907.
1895 SOLINI (C. Julii): Collectanea rerum memorabilium, ed. Th. Mommsen. Berolini, 1895.
1905 STEENSBY (H. P.): Om Eskimokulturens Oprindelse. Copenhagen, 1905.
1889 STEENSTRUP (Japetus): Nogle Bemerkninger om Ottar’s Beretning til Kong Alfred om Hvalros- og Hvalfangst i Nordhavet på hans Tid. “Hist. Tidsskr.,” 6. R. II. Copenhagen, 1889.
1876 STEENSTRUP (Johannes C. H. R.): Normannerne, I. Copenhagen, 1876.
1899 STEENSTRUP (K. I. V.): Om Österbygden. “Medd. om Grönland,” IX. Copenhagen, 1899.
1880 STORM (Gustav): “Monumenta Historica Norvegiæ.” Latinske Kildeskrifter til Norges Historie i Middelalderen, udgivne ved G. Storm. Christiania, 1880.
1881 STORM (G.): see Peder Claussön FRIIS.
1886 STORM (G.): Om Betydningen av “Eyktarstadr” i Flatöbogens Beretning om Vinlandsreiserne. “Arkiv. f. Nord. Filologi,” III. Christiania, 1886.
1887 STORM (G.): Studier over Vinlandsreiserne, Vinlands Geografi og Ethnografi. Reprinted from “Aarb. for Nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” 1887. Copenhagen, 1888.
1888 1889 STORM (G.): Studies on the Vineland Voyages. Extracts from “Mém. d. l. Soc. Royale d. Antiquaires du Nord,” 1888. Copenhagen, 1889.
1888 STORM (G.): see “Islandske Annaler.”
1888 STORM (G.): Om Kilderne til Lyschanders “Gröndlandske Cronica.” “Aarb. for Nord. Oldk. o. Hist.” Copenhagen, 1888.
1888a STORM (G.): Om det i 1285 fra Island fundne “Nye Land.” “Hist. Tidsskr.” 2. R. VI. Christiania, 1888.
1889 1891 STORM (G.): Den danske Geograf Claudius Clavus eller Nicolaus Niger. “Ymer.” Stockholm, 1889, 1891.
1890 STORM (G.): Ginnungagap. “Arkiv f. Nord. Filologi,” VI. (N. F. II). Lund, 1890.
1890a STORM (G.): Om Biskop Gisle Oddsöns Annaler. “Arkiv f. Nord. Filologi,” VI. (N. F. II). Lund. 1890.
1891 STORM (G.): see Eiriks Saga Rauða.
1892 STORM (G.): Nye Efterretninger om det gamle Gröland. “Hist. Tidsskr.,” 3. R. II. Christiania, 1892.
1893 STORM (G.): Columbus på Island og vore Forfædres Opdagelser i det nordvestlige Atlanterhav. “Norske geogr. Selsk. Aarbog,” IV. Christiania, 1893.
1894 STORM (G.): Om opdagelsen av “Nordkap” og veien til “det Hvite Hav.” “Norske geogr. Selsk. Aarbog.” V. Christiania, 1893-94.
1895 STORM (G.): Utg. av Historisk-topografiske Skrifter om Norges og norske Landsdele forfattede i Norge i det 16de Aarhundrede. Christiania, 1895.
1899 STORM (G.): Et brev til pave Nicolaus den 5te om Norges beliggenhet og undre. “Norske geogr. Selsk. Aarbog,” X. Christiania, 1899.
1899a STORM (G.): Erik den Rödes Saga eller Sagaen om Vinland, oversat. Christiania, 1899.
1899 STORM (G.): see SNORRE STURLASON.
1856 STRABO’S Erdbeschreibung, übs. v. A. Forbiger. Stuttgart, 1856-58.
1877 STRABONIS Geographica. Recogn. Aug. Meineke. Leipzig, 1877.
1776 STRÖM (G.): Beskrivelse over Söndmör. Soröe, 1776.
1910 SYDOW (C. W. von): Tors Färd till Utgård. “Danske Studier,” 1910.
1870 TACITI (C. Cornelii): Agricola. Ovs. a. H. W. Ottesen. Christiania, 1870
1881 TACITI (Cornelii): Germania. Erb. v. A. Baumstark. Leipzig, 1881.
1873 TACITUS (Cornelius): Germania Antiqva, etc. Ed. Karolus Muellenhoffivs. Berolini, 1873.
1873 TACITUS (C.): Die Germania des Tacitus. Übs. v. Anton Baumstark. Freiburg in Br., 1876.
1892 TARDUCCI (Francesco): Di Giovanni e Sebastiano Caboto. “R. Deputazione Veneta di Storia Patria.” Venezia, 1892.
1894 TARDUCCI (F.): H. Harrisse e la Fama di Sebastiano Caboto. “Revista Storica Italiana,” XI. fasc. IV. Torino, 1894.
1904 THALBITZER (William): A phonetical study of the Eskimo Language. “Medd. om Grönland,” XXXI. Copenhagen, 1904.
1905 THALBITZER (W.): Skrælingerne i Markland og Grönland, deres Sprog og Nationalitet. “Overs. over Kgl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh.,” No. 2. Copenhagen, 1905.
1908-10 THALBITZER (W.): Bidrag til Eskimoernes Fortidshistorie. “Geogr. Tidsskrift,” XIX, 1908; XX, 1909-1910. Copenhagen.
1822 THEOPHRASTUS: Historia Plantarum. German transl. Naturgeschichte der Gewächse, ed. R. Sprengel. Altona, 1822.
1882 THOMSEN (Vilhelm): Ryska Rikets Grundläggning genom Skandinaverna. Ofvers. ved Sven Söderberg. “Ur Vår Tids Forskning,” XXX. Stockholm, 1882.
1897 THORODDSEN (Th.): Geschichte der Isländischen Geographie, I, 1897; II, 1898. Leipzig.
1889 TOMASCHEK (Wilhelm): Kritik der ältesten Nachrichten über den skythischen Norden. “Sitzungsber. d. Philos.-Hist. Cl. d. R. Akad. d. Wiss.” Wien, CLXX, 1889.
1843 THUE (H. J.): Om Pytheas fra Marseille og hans Reiser til det nordlige Europa. “Nor,” II. Christiania, 1843.
1908 VANGENSTEN (Ove C. L.): Michel Beheims Reise til Danmark og Norge i 1450. “Vid.-Selsk. Skr.,” 1908, II, No. 2. Christiania.
1910 VANGENSTEN (Ove C. L.): Middelalderens Norges-Karter. “Norske Geogr. Selsk. Aarb.,” 1910. Christiania.
1898 VAUX (Carra de): L’Abrégé des Merveilles, traduit de l’Arabe. Paris, 1898.
1856 VIGFÚSSON (Gudbrand): Safn til sǫgn Islands og Islenzkra Bókmenta að fornu og nýju. Copenhagen, 1856.
1878 VIGFÚSSON (G.): Sturlunga saga. Oxford, 1878.
1844 WACKERNAGEL (Wilh.): Geographie des Mittelalters. “Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum,” IV. Leipzig, 1844.
1902 WALKENDORF (Erik): Finmarkens Beskrivelse. Utg. av K. H. Karlsson og Gustav Storm. “Norske Geogr. Selsk. Aarb.,” XII, 1900-1901. Christiania, 1902.
1833 WELCHER (F.G.): Die Homerischen Phäaken und die Inseln der Seligen. “Rhenisches Museum für Philologie,” I. Bonn, 1833.
1789 WIELAND (C. M.): Lucians von Samosata Sämtliche Werke, IV, Wahre Geschichte. Leipzig, 1789.
1895 WIKLUND (K. B.): Om kvänerna och deras nationalitet. “Arkiv f. nord. Filologi,” XII. Lund, 1895.
1854 WUTTKE (H.): Cosmographia Aethici Istrici. Leipzig, 1854.
1837 ZEUSS (Kaspar): Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme. München, 1837.
1889 ZIMMER (Heinrich): Keltische Beiträge. “Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum,” XXXIII. Berlin, 1889.
1891 ZIMMER (H.): Über die frühesten Berührung der Iren mit den Nordgermanen. “Sitzüngsber. der Berliner Akademie,” 1891.
1893 ZIMMER (H.): Nennius Vindicatus. Über Entstehung, Geschichte und Quellen der Historia Brittonum. Berlin, 1893.
1909 ZIMMER (H.): Über direkte Handelsverbindungen Westgalliens mit Irland im Altertum und frühen Mittelalter. “Sitzüngsber. d. Kgl. Preussischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften.” Berlin, 1909.
INDEX
Aasen, I., i. 352; ii. 9
Abalus, Island of, i. 70, 71, 72, 73, 118, 365
Ablabius, i. 129, 142, 144, 155
Abû Hâmid, ii. 145, 146
Abyss, at the edge of the world, i. 12, 84, 157-9, 195, 199; ii. 150, 154, 240
Adam of Bremen, i. 21, 59, 84, 112, 135, 159, 179, 182, 183, 184-202, 204, 206, 229, 252, 258, 303, 312, 353, 362, 363, 365, 367, 382-4; ii. 2, 11, 26, 29, 31, 32, 58, 63, 64, 65, 101, 143, 147-54, 165, 168, 177, 192, 214, 224, 237, 238, 240, 243, 278, 284
“Adogit,” Northern people, i. 131-3, 143, 194
Ææa, Isle of, i. 13
Ælian, i. 12, 16, 17
Æningia, i. 101, 104
Æstii (see Esthonians)
Æthicus Istricus, i. 154-5, 187, 188
“Ætternis stapi” (the tribal cliff), i. 18-9
Africa, Supposed connection with Wineland, i. 326; ii. 1-2, 29, 61, 240, 248, 280
Agathemerus, i. 44
Agricola, i. 107-8, 117
Agrippa, i. 97, 106
Ahlenius, K., i. 43, 93, 104, 112, 131
Aithanarit, i. 144, 153, 154
Alani, i. 188, 383
Albertus Magnus, ii. 158, 163, 178, 234
Albi, mappamundi at, ii. 183
Albion (see Britain), i. 38, 39, 117
Aleutians, ii. 69, 71
Alexander the Great, i. 19, 182, 363; ii. 57, 206, 207, 213
Alexander VI., Pope, Letter from, on Greenland (1492-3), ii. 106, 121-2
Alexander, Sir William, ii. 3
Alfred, King, i. 104, 160, 169-81, 204, 252; ii. 156, 243
Al-Gazâl, voyage to the land of the Magǵûs, ii. 200-2
Algonkin tradition, ii. 7-8, 93; lacrosse among, ii. 40
Alociæ, i. 118, 119, 132
Amalcium (northern sea), i. 98-9, 105
Amazons, i. 20, 87, 88, 112, 114, 150, 154, 159, 160, 186, 187, 189, 198, 356, 383; ii. 64, 188, 197, 206, 209, 214
Amber, i. 14, 19, 22, 23, 27, 31-4, 70, 71, 72, 96, 101, 106, 109-10; ii. 207
Amdrup, Captain, i. 290
America, discovered by the Norsemen, i. 234, 248, 312; ii. 22, 61, 63
Ammianus Marcellinus, i. 44, 123
Anaxagoras, i. 12
Anaximander of Miletus, i. 11
Anaximenes, i. 11, 128
Angles, i. 180
Anglo-Portuguese expeditions of 1501, ii. 331-2, 357; of 1502, ii. 332-4; of 1503, ii. 334-5; of 1504, ii. 335
Angmagsalik, Greenland, i. 261, 263, 282, 290, 291; ii. 73
“Anostos,” The gulf, i. 17, 158; ii. 150, 240
Ants, fabulous, i. 154, 336; ii. 197
Apollo, worshipped among the Hyperboreans, i. 16, 18, 19
Apollonius of Rhodes, i. 19, 44
Appulus, Guillelmus, ii. 162
Arabs, i. 362, 366; ii. 57; their trade with North Russia, ii. 143-7, 194; their culture, ii. 194-5; possible exchange of ideas with the Irish, ii. 207; Arab geographers, ii. 194-214
Arab myths, i. 382; ii. 10, 51, 197, 206-8, 213-4; affinity to Irish, ii. 207
Arctic, origin of the word, i. 8; Arctic Circle, i. 53, 55-7, 62, 76, 117
Arctic Ocean, Voyages in, i. 287; ii. 177 (see also Polar Sea)
Are Frode (Islendingabók), i. 165-6, 201, 253-4, 257, 258-60, 312, 313, 331, 332, 353, 354, 366, 367, 368; ii. 11, 16, 26, 58, 60, 77-8, 82, 86, 91
Are Mársson, voyage to Hvítramannaland, i. 331-2, 353-4, 377; ii. 42, 43, 46, 50
Argippæans, i. 23, 88, 114, 155
Arimaspians, i. 16, 19, 98
Arimphæi, i. 88; ii. 188
Aristarchus of Samos, i. 47, 77
Aristeas of Proconnesus, i. 19
Aristotle, i. 28, 40, 41, 44, 76, 182; ii. 48, 194
Arnbjörn Austman, lost in Greenland, i. 283
Arngrim Jónsson, i. 263; ii. 79
“Arochi” (or “Arothi”; see Harudes), i. 136, 148
Asbjörnsen, i. 381
Askeladden, Tale of, i. 341
Assaf Hebræus, ii. 200
Assyria, supposed communication with the North, i. 35, 36
“Astingi,” or “Hazdingi” (Haddingjar, Hallinger), i. 104
Athenæus, i. 46, 351
Atlamál en grœnlenzku, i. 273
Atlantic Ocean, i. 10, 39, 40, 77, 78, 252, 315, 316, 346; ii. 154, 293, 307, 308
Atlantis, i. 376; ii. 293
Aubert, Karl, ii. 253
“Augandzi,” i. 136
Austlid, Andreas, i. 340
Avallon, Isle of, i. 72, 365-6, 379; ii. 20
d’Avezac, M. P., i. 362; ii. 216, 290
Avienus, Rufus Festus, i. 37-42, 68, 83, 123, 128, 130
Aviones, i. 95, 118
Ayala, Pedro de, adjunct to the Spanish Ambassador in London, ii. 295, 297, 298, 299, 301, 310, 311, 324, 325-6
Azores, discovered, ii. 292; expeditions from, ii. 293, 345, 346, 347
“Bacallaos,” name for Newfoundland, ii. 329, 337, 339
Bacon, Roger, ii. 215, 249
Baffin Land, i. 322, 323; ii. 41
Baffin’s Bay, i. 248, 250, 304, 305, 308, 309; ii. 41, 72
Bahlûl, Ibn al-, ii. 197
Balcia, Island of, i. 71, 72, 99, 100, 101, 185
Balder, i. 372
Baltic, amber from, i. 14, 22, 32, 34, 35, 96; ancient names for, and ideas of, i. 93, 99, 100, 105, 109, 121, 131, 167, 169, 185; ii. 210, 211, 219; representation of in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 224, 227, 257, 269, 284, 286; overland communication with the Black Sea, i. 244; ii. 199
Basilia, island, i. 70, 71, 99
Basques, as whalers, ii. 159-62
Bastarni (Bastarnæ), i. 111, 112, 113, 114
Batûta, Ibn, ii. 144, 145
Baumgartner, A., i. 193
Baumstark, A., i. 113
Baunonia, Island of, i. 70, 98
Bavarian geographer, The, i. 167
Bayeux tapestry, i. 239, 248, 249; ii. 237, 239
Bears, Polar, i. 191, 192, 323; ii. 72, 112, 177, 191
Beatus map, i. 198, 199; ii. 184, 185-6
Beauvois, E., ii. 40, 90
Beazley, C. R., ii. 215, 295
Bede, i. 151, 184, 193, 194, 199; ii. 20, 156
Behaim, Martin, ii. 86, 287-9, 359, 372
Beheim, Michel, i. 226; ii. 85, 86, 111, 117, 144, 270
Belcæ, or “Belgæ,” i. 89, 92
Benedikson, E., i. 59
Beormas, i. 171, 173-5, 214, 218, 219, 222; ii. 135 (see also Bjarmas)
Beowulf, i. 234, 372
Bérard, V., i. 348, 371, 379
Bergen, ii. 80, 120, 122, 125, 157, 169, 178, 210, 220, 221, 222, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 281, 286
Berger, H., i. 11, 12, 43, 75
“Bergos,” island, i. 106, 107
Bering Strait, i. 212, 223; ii. 68, 69, 84
Berneker, Prof., ii. 175-6
“Berricen” (or “Nerigon”), i. 53, 57-8, 106, 107
Bethmann and Waitz, i. 139
Bexell, ii. 56
Bianco, Andrea, map of Europe (1436), ii. 267, 282
Bible, The, i. 125, 126, 153, 184, 338, 358, 363; ii. 45, 46, 184, 185
Birds, used to find position at sea, i. 250-1, 257, 318
Bîrûnî, ii. 199, 200
Bishops of Greenland, i. 273, 283; ii. 29, 30-1, 98-9, 106, 108, 113-4, 121, 122, 134
Biskupa Sögur, i. 284; ii. 8
Bjarmas (see also Beormas), ii. 135-40, 167
Bjarmeland (Northern Russia), i. 173-5, 288; ii. 135-42, 154, 164, 165, 166, 168, 172, 237, 268; “Farther Bjarmeland,” ii. 165-6
Bjarne Grimolfsson, Wineland voyager, i. 319, 320, 326, 329, 330; ii. 20
Bjarne Herjulfsson, traditional discoverer of Wineland, i. 314, 317, 334; ii. 21
Bjarneyjar (Bear-islands), Greenland, i. 301, 302, 304, 321, 322, 323, 335, 336
Björn Breidvikingekjæmpe, i. 360; ii. 49-50, 53, 54, 56
Björn Einarsson Jorsalafarer, ii. 82, 106, 112, 113
Björn Jónsson of Skardsá (Annals of Greenland), i. 263, 282-3, 288, 292, 295, 299, 301, 308, 309, 321, 377; ii. 35, 37, 82, 83, 239
Björn Thorleifsson, shipwrecked in Greenland, ii. 82
Björnbo, Dr. A. A., i. 200, 201, 202, 297; ii. 2, 31, 32, 116, 123, 127, 132, 147, 154, 193, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 233, 234, 240, 249, 250, 253, 261, 262, 264, 273, 277, 278, 281, 283, 284, 287, 289, 332, 353, 368, 369, 370, 374, 375
Björnbo and Petersen, i. 226; ii. 85, 123, 124, 127, 219, 231, 234, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 262, 263, 267, 273, 275, 277, 377
Bláserkr (Greenland), i. 267, 291-6
Blom, O., ii. 8
Boas, F., ii. 69, 70
Boats of hides (coracles, &c.), in the Œstrymnides, i. 38, 39; Scythians, Saxons, &c., i. 154, 242; Greenlanders’, i. 305; Irish, ii. 92; Skrælings’, in Wineland, i. 327; ii. 10, 19; in Trondhjem cathedral, ii. 85, 89, 117, 269, 270; in Irish tales, i. 336; ii. 20; in Newfoundland (?), ii. 367; Eskimo, see Kayaks and Women’s Boats
Bobé, Louis, ii. 126
Borderie, A. de la, i. 234
Borgia mappamundi, ii. 284-5
Bornholm, i. 169, 180; ii. 204, 265
Bothnia, Gulf of, i. 169, 187; ii. 269; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219
“Boti,” i. 87
Bran, Voyage of, i. 198, 354, 356, 365, 370; ii. 56
Brandan, Legend of, i. 281-2, 334, 337, 344, 345, 358-364, 366, 376; ii. 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, 43-5, 50, 51, 61, 64, 75, 151, 206, 214, 228-9, 234
Brattalid, in Greenland, i. 268, 270, 271, 275, 317, 319, 320, 331
Brauns, D., i. 377; ii. 56
“Brazil,” Isle of (Hy Breasail, O’Brazil, &c.), i. 3, 357, 379; ii. 30, 228-30, 279, 294-5, 318; expeditions to find, ii. 294-5, 301, 325
Breda, O. J., ii. 31
Brenner, O., i. 58
Brinck (Descriptio Loufodiæ), i. 378
Bristol, trade with Iceland, ii. 119, 279, 293; Norwegians living at, ii. 119, 180; expeditions sent out from, ii. 294-5, 298, 301, 304, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331
Britain, i. 193, 234, 240, 241; visited by Pytheas, i. 49, 50-3; Cæsar on, i. 79-80; Mela on, i. 97; Pliny on, ii. 106; Ptolemy on, i. 117; in mediæval cartography, ii. 220, 227
Brittany, cromlechs in, i. 22; tin in, i. 23, 26, 27, 29-31, 38-42
Broch, Prof. Olaf, ii. 142, 175, 176
Brögger, A. W., i. 14
Brönlund, Jörgen, i. 2-3
Bruun, D., i. 164, 270, 271, 274, 275
Bugge, Prof. A., i. 136, 137, 138, 146, 163, 164, 166, 170, 173, 234, 245, 246, 258, 297, 304; ii. 7, 55, 80, 168, 201
Bugge, Sophus, i. 93, 94, 103, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 146, 148, 207, 273; ii. 27, 28, 175
Bulgarians of the Volga, ii. 142-5, 195, 200, 210
Bunbury, E. H., i. 30, 107
“Burgundians” (== Bornholmers ?), i. 169, 180
Burrough, Stephen, ii. 173
Cabot, John, i. 3, 115, 312; ii. 130, 295-330, 333, 343, 374, 377; settles at Bristol, ii. 297; voyage of 1496, ii. 299-301; voyage of 1497, ii. 301-23; voyage of 1498, ii. 311, 324-8, 349; his discovery premature, ii. 343
Cabot, Sebastian, ii. 129, 130, 295-6, 299, 301-2, 308, 319, 326, 329, 330, 332, 333, 336-43; reported voyage of 1508-9, ii. 336-40; doubtful voyage of 1516 or 1517, ii. 340-2; his credibility, ii. 296, 298, 303, 329, 338-40; map of 1544, attributed to, ii. 303, 309, 310, 314-5, 319-20
Cæsar, C. Julius, i. 39, 40, 79-80, 92, 242
Callegari, G. V., i. 43, 58, 59
Callimachus, i. 375
Callisthenes (Pseudo-), ii. 213, 234
Calypso, i. 347, 355, 370; ii. 43
“Cananei,” i. 154-5
Canary Isles, i. 117, 348-50, 362, 376; ii. 2
Canerio map (1502-07), ii. 368
Cannibalism, among the Irish, Scythians, Celts, Iberians, i. 81; Issedonians, i. 81; Massagetæ, i. 81, 148; in Scandinavia, i. 149
Cantino, Alberto, his map of 1502, ii. 316, 350-1, 355, 361, 362, 364, 365, 368-74; his letter of Oct. 1501, ii. 349-52, 360, 361, 362, 363, 367, 372
Canto, Ernesto do, ii. 331
Cape Breton, i. 324, 329, 335; ii. 309, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 321, 322; John Cabot’s probable landfall in 1497, ii. 314-15
Capella, Marcianus, i. 123, 126, 184, 188, 195, 197, 334
Carignano, Giovanni da, compass-chart by, ii. 220-2, 227, 235
“Carte Pisane,” ii. 220
Carthage, Sea-power of, i. 45, 75
Caspian Sea, i. 10, 74, 76, 122; ii. 142, 183, 195, 197, 213
Cassiodorus, i. 120, 128-30, 132, 137, 138, 142, 154, 155, 203
Cassiterides, i. 23, 24, 25, 27-9, 89; ii. 47, 48
Catalan Atlas, mappamundi of 1375, ii. 233, 266, 292
Catalan compass-chart at Florence, ii. 231, 232-3, 235
Catalan compass-chart (15th century) at Milan, ii. 279, 280
Catalan sailors and cartographers (see Compass-charts), ii. 217
Catapult, used by the Skrælings, i. 327; ii. 6-8, 92
Cattegat, The, i. 93, 100, 101, 102, 105, 169, 180
“Cauo de Ynglaterra” on La Cosa’s map, ii. 314-5, 317, 321-2; probably Cape Breton, ii. 314; or Cape Race (?), ii. 321-2
Celts, i. 19, 41, 42, 68, 81, 208; early Celtic settlement of the Faroes, i. 162-4; of Iceland, i. 167, 258; possible Celtic population in Scandinavia, i. 210; mythology of the, i. 379
Chaldeans, i. 8, 47
Chancellor, Richard, ii. 135
Chinese myths of fortunate isles, i. 377; ii. 213
Christ, The White, ii. 44, 45, 46
Christ, Wilhelm, i. 14, 37
Christianity introduced in Iceland, i. 260, 332; introduced in Greenland, i. 270, 272, 357, 332, 380; decline of, in Greenland, ii. 38, 100-2, 106, 113, 121
Christian IV. of Denmark, ii. 124, 178
Christiern I. of Denmark, ii. 119, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, 134, 345
Chukches, i. 212
Church, ii. 301
Cimbri, i. 14, 21, 82, 85, 91, 94, 99, 100, 101, 118, 145
Cimmerians, i. 13, 14, 21, 79, 145
Circumnavigation, Idea of, i. 77, 79; ii. 271, 291-3, 296-7
Clavering, ii. 73
Clavus, Claudius, i. 226, 303; ii. 11, 17, 85, 86, 89, 117, 248-76, 284; his Nancy map and text, ii. 249, 250, 253, 255-69; his later map and Vienna text, ii. 250, 251, 252-3, 254, 265-76; his methods, ii. 252-3, 259-61; his influence on cartography, ii. 276-9, 335, 368, 369, 370, 371
Cleomedes, i. 44, 52, 53, 55, 57, 134
Codanovia, island, i. 91, 93-4, 103
Codanus, bay, i. 90-5, 101, 102, 103, 105, 118
Collett, Prof. R., i. 345; ii. 91
Collinson, R., ii. 129
Columbus, i. 3, 77, 79, 115, 116, 312, 376; ii. 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 307, 310, 325
Compass, Introduction of, i. 248; ii. 169, 214, 215-6; variation of, ii. 217, 307-8, 370-1
Compass-charts, ii. 215-36, 265, 279, 280, 282, 308, 313; development of, ii. 215-8; limits of, ii. 218
Congealed or curdled sea, beyond Thule, i. 65-9, 70, 100, 106, 121, 165, 181, 195, 363, 376; ii. 149, 200, 231
Connla the Fair, Tale of, i. 371
Contarini, G., ii. 303, 336, 337, 338, 342, 343
Converse, Harriet Maxwell, i. 377
Cornwall, Tin in, i. 23, 29, 31
Corte-Real, Gaspar, ii. 130, 328, 330, 331, 332, 347-53, 354, 357, 358-66, 373; letters patent to (1500), ii. 347; voyage of 1500, ii. 360; voyage of 1501, ii. 347-53, 360-75; his fate, ii. 353, 375; his discoveries, ii. 354-5, 362, 364
Corte-Real, João Vaz, unhistorical expedition attributed to, ii. 359
Corte-Real, Miguel, ii. 353, 360, 361; letters patent to, ii. 353, 355, 376; voyage of 1502 or 1503, ii. 353, 376; probably reached Newfoundland, ii. 376; his fate, ii. 376
Corte-Real, Vasqueanes, refused leave to search for his brothers, ii. 377
Corte-Real, Vasqueanes IV., reported expedition of, in 1574, ii. 378
Cosa, Juan de la, map by, ii. 302, 309-18, 321, 374; represents Cabot’s discoveries of 1497, ii. 311-2
Cosmas Indicopleustes, i. 126, 127, 128; ii. 183
Costa, B. T. de, ii. 129, 214
“Cottoniana” mappamundi, i. 180, 182, 183; ii. 192-3, 208, 220, 284
Cottonian Chronicle, ii. 303, 324, 326
Crassus, Publius, visits the Cassiterides, i. 27
Crates of Mallus, i. 44, 78-9
Croker, T. Crofton, i. 379
Cromlechs, Distribution of, i. 22, 239
Cronium, Mare, i. 65, 100, 106, 121, 182, 363, 376
Crops, in Thule, i. 63; in Britain, i. 63; in Greenland, i. 277
Cuno, J. G., i. 59
Cwên-sæ̂, i. 169
Cyclopes, i. 189, 196; ii. 10, 147, 148, 238
Cylipenus, i. 101, 104, 105
Cynocephali, i. 154-5, 159, 187, 189, 198, 383
Cystophora cristata (bladder-nose seal), i. 276, 286
Daae, L., i. 226; ii. 125, 129
Dalorto (or Dulcert), Angellino, ii. 226-30; his map of 1325, ii. 177, 219, 226, 229, 235, 236; his map of 1339 (Dulcert), ii. 229, 230, 235, 265, 266
Damastes of Sigeum, i. 16
Danes, i. 94, 121, 136, 139, 142, 143, 145, 146, 153, 167, 169, 180, 188, 245; ii. 115, 161
Darkness, Sea of, i. 40-1, 192, 195, 199, 363, 382; ii. 149, 204, 206, 212
Dauciones, i. 120, 121
Davis Strait, i. 269
Dawson, S. E., ii. 295, 307, 319, 321
Debes, Lucas, i. 375
Delisle, L., ii. 161
Delos, i. 375
Delphi, i. 18, 19
Democritus, i. 127
Denmark, i. 82, 94, 180, 185, 234; ii. 179, 201, 204, 205, 208, 237; called “Dacia” on mediæval maps, ii. 188, 190, 222, 225; representation of, in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 225, 235, 250, 286
Denys, Nicolas, ii. 3
Desimoni, C., ii. 325
Deslien’s map of 1541, ii. 322
Detlefsen, D., i. 43, 70, 71, 72, 83, 84, 85, 93, 97, 99, 102, 119
Dicæarchus, i. 44, 73
Dicuil, i. 58, 160, 162-7, 252, 362; ii. 43, 51, 229
Dihya, Ibn, ii. 200-1, 209
Dimashqî, ii. 212-3
Diodorus Siculus, i. 23, 29-30, 44, 50, 51, 52, 58, 63, 71, 80, 87, 90, 346; ii. 48
Dionysius Periegetes, i. 114-5, 123, 356; ii. 47, 48, 192
Dipylon vases, i. 236-7
Disappearing (fairy) islands, i. 370, 378-9; ii. 213
Disc, Doctrine of the earth as a, i. 8, 12, 126, 127, 153, 198; ii. 182
Disco Bay, Greenland, i. 298, 300, 301, 302, 306, 307; ii. 72
“Dœgr” (== half a 24 hours’ day), used as a measure of distance, i. 287, 310, 322, 335; ii. 166, 169, 170, 171
Dogs as draught-animals, ii. 69, 72, 145, 146
Down Islands (Duneyiar), i. 285, 286
Dozy, R., ii. 55, 200, 201
Dozy and de Goeje, ii. 51, 204
Drapers’ Company, Protest of, against Sebastian Cabot, ii. 302, 330, 338, 342
Draumkvæde, i. 367, 381
Driftwood, in Greenland, i. 299, 305, 307, 308; ii. 37, 96
Drusus (The elder Germanicus), i. 83
“Dumna,” island, i. 106, 117; ii. 257
Dumont d’Urville, i. 376
Dvina, river, i. 173, 174, 222; ii. 135, 136, 137, 142, 146, 164, 176
Eastern Settlement of Greenland, i. 263, 265, 267, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 296, 301, 302, 307, 310, 311, 321; ii. 71, 82, 90, 107, 108, 112, 116; decline of, ii. 95-100, 102
Ebstorf map, i. 102, 191; ii. 187
Edda, The older (poetic), i. 273
Edda, the younger (Snorra-Edda), i. 273, 298, 304, 342, 364
Eden, Richard, ii. 341
Edrisi, i. 182, 382; ii. 51-53, 202-8, 209, 210, 216; his map, ii. 192, 203, 208, 220, 284
Egede, Hans, ii. 40, 41, 74, 101, 104, 105, 106
Egil Skallagrimsson’s Saga, i. 175, 218
Egyptian myths, i. 347
Einar Sokkason, i. 283, 294
Einar Thorgeirsson, lost in Greenland, i. 284
Einhard, i. 167, 179, 180, 185
Elk (achlis), i. 105, 191
Elymus arenarius (lyme-grass), ii. 5
Elysian Fields, i. 347, 349, 351
Empedocles, i. 12, 127
England (see Britain), Arab geographers on, ii. 204, 211; maritime enterprise of, ii. 180, 294-5, 343; in mediæval cartography, ii. 218
English State document (1575) on North-West Passage, ii. 129-30, 132
“Engronelant,” ii. 277, 279, 373
d’Enjoy, Paul, i. 377
Eratosthenes of Cyrene, i. 20, 29, 44, 47, 52, 55, 61, 73, 75-7, 78, 82, 115; ii. 292
Eric Blood-Axe, ii. 136
Eric of Pomerania, ii. 118, 119
Eric the Red, i. 252, 256, 259, 262, 280, 288, 293, 318-21, 324, 330, 337, 344, 368; ii. 22, 77, 88; discovers Greenland, i. 260, 263, 266-70
Eric the Red, Saga of, i. 260, 266, 273, 291, 292, 293, 296, 310, 313, 314, 318, 322, 331, 332-5, 337, 338, 342, 343, 367, 382; ii. 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 42, 43, 50, 59, 61, 89, 91, 206; its value as a historical document, ii. 62
Eric’s fjord (Greenland), i. 267, 268, 271, 275, 317, 318, 319, 321; ii. 112
Eric Upsi, bishop of Greenland, ii. 29-31
Eridanus, river, i. 31, 32, 34, 42
Eruli, i. 21, 94, 136, 137-8, 139-49, 153, 235, 245
Erythea, i. 9
Erythræan Sea, i. 10
Eskimo, i. 19, 51, 150, 212, 215, 216, 223, 231-2, 260, 298, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 368; ii. 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, 66-94, 102-6, 107, 111-2, 113-6, 333, 366-7; fairy-tales and legends of, ii. 8, 105, 115; ball-game among, ii. 40-1; distribution of, ii. 66-74; racial characteristics of, ii. 67-8; their culture, ii. 68-9, 91-2; Norse settlers absorbed by, ii. 100, 102-105, 106, 107-11, 117; unwarlike nature of, ii. 114, 115-6
Esthonians (Æstii, Osti), Esthonia, i. 69, 72, 104, 109, 131, 167, 169, 170, 181, 186; ii. 205
“Estotiland,” fictitious northern country, ii. 131
Eudoxus, i. 46
Eyrbyggja-saga, i. 313, 376; ii. 42, 46, 48, 50
Fabricius, A., ii. 55
Fabyan, Robert, Chronicle (quoted by Hakluyt), ii. 303, 324, 326, 333
Fadhlân, Ibn, ii. 143
Fairies, Names for, i. 372-3
Fairylands, Irish, i. 357, 370-1, 379; ii. 60; Norwegian, i. 369-70, 378; ii. 60, 213; laudatory names for, i. 374; characteristics of, i. 375-9; ii. 213-4
Faqîh, Ibn al-, ii. 197
Farewell, Cape, i. 261, 267, 280, 282, 284, 288, 291, 295, 307, 316; ii. 73
Faroes, The, i. 254, 255, 257, 316, 324, 362; ii. 51, 229, 262; discovered by the Irish, i. 162-4, 233; Irish monks expelled from, i. 252, 253; early Celtic population in, i. 164, 253
Felix, The monk, in mediæval legend, i. 381
Fenni (Finns), i. 109, 112, 113, 114, 120, 149, 203
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, letter from, ii. 300
Fernald, M. L., ii. 3, 5-6
Fernandez, João (called “Lavorador”), ii. 331-2, 356; letters patent to (1499), ii. 346, 356; probably sighted Greenland (1500), ii. 356, 357, 375; took part in Bristol expedition (1501), ii. 331, 356, 357; Greenland (Labrador) named after him, ii. 358
Filastre, Cardinal, ii. 249-50, 278
Finland (see Kvænland), i. 206, 209, 210, 214; the name confused with Vinland, i. 198, 382; ii. 31, 191; and with Finmark, i. 382; ii. 191, 205; in mediæval cartography, ii. 224
Finmark, i. 61, 173, 175, 177, 191, 198, 204, 210, 213, 220, 222, 225; ii. 86, 141, 163, 164, 172, 178, 179, 205, 211, 237; the name confused with Finland, i. 382; ii. 32, 191, 205; in mediæval cartography, ii. 221
“Finn,” The name, i. 198, 205-7, 210
“Finnaithæ” (Finnédi, Finvedi) (see Finns), i. 135, 137, 189, 198, 203, 204, 206, 382
Finn mac Cumhaill, i. 363; ii. 45
Finns, i. 109, 112, 113, 114, 120, 135, 136, 137, 149, 171, 173-8, 189, 198, 203-32, 382; ii. 68, 143; Horned Finns, ii. 167
“Finns,” in southern Scandinavia, i. 103, 203, 205, 206-11; ii. 159
Finn’s booths (Finnsbuðir), in Greenland, i. 283, 296, 305
“Finnur hinn Friði,” Faroese lay of, ii. 33-4
Fisher, J., ii. 33, 121, 229, 249, 276, 277, 278, 279, 281
Fischer, M. P., ii. 161
Fischer, Theobald, ii. 216, 220, 230, 234
Fishing Lapps, i. 204, 205, 207, 218, 221, 223-32
Flateyjarbók, i. 254, 283, 313, 304, 317, 318, 324, 329, 331, 334, 338, 340, 343, 344, 359, 360; ii. 4, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 59, 61
Fletcher, Giles, i. 226
Floamanna-Saga, i. 280, 281; ii. 46, 81
Floating islands, Legends of, i. 375-7; ii. 213-4
Floki Vilgerdarson, sails to Iceland, i. 255, 257, 269
Florus, L. Annæus, i. 350
Forbiger, A., i. 58, 102
Forster, i. 179
Fortunate Isles (Insulæ Fortunatæ), i. 117, 198, 334, 345-53, 367, 370, 372, 373, 382-4; ii. 1-6, 24, 31, 42, 55, 59-61, 64, 191, 228, 280, 304
Fortunate Lake, Irish myth of, ii. 229-30
Foster-Brothers’ Saga, i. 276, 320; ii. 9, 18
Frähn, C. M., ii. 143, 145
Franks Casket, The, i. 176
Freydis, daughter of Eric the Red, i. 320, 328, 332, 333; ii. 11, 51
Friesland, Frisians, i. 95, 153, 205
Friis, J. A., i. 372
Friis, Peder Claussön, i. 224, 227-9, 232, 369; ii. 153, 158, 178, 268
Frisian noblemen’s polar expedition, i. 195-6, 200, 383; ii. 147-8
Frisius, Gemma, ii. 129, 132
Frisland, fabulous island south of Iceland, i. 377; ii. 131
Fritzner, ii. 9
Furðustrandir, i. 273, 312, 313, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 334, 336, 337, 339, 357; ii. 24, 36
Fyldeholm (island of drinking), i. 352
Gadir (Gadeira, Gades, Cadiz), i. 24, 27, 28, 30, 36, 37, 66, 79
Galvano, Antonio, ii. 336, 337, 338, 354, 364, 376
Gandvik (the White Sea), i. 218-9, 228; ii. 136-8, 164, 223, 237, 239
Gardar, discoverer of Iceland, i. 255-7, 263
Garðar, Greenland, i. 272, 273, 275, 311; ii. 106, 107, 108, 121, 122
“Gautigoth” (see Goths), i. 135
Gautrek’s Saga, i. 18-9
Geelmuyden, Prof. H., i. 52, 54, 311; ii. 23
Geijer, E. G., i. 60, 102, 111, 131, 205, 207
Gellir Thorkelsson, i. 366
Genoese mappamundi (1447 or 1457), ii. 278, 286, 287
Geminus of Rhodes, i. 43, 44, 53, 54, 57, 63, 64
Geographia Universalis, i. 382; ii. 32, 177, 188-91, 220, 227, 339
Gepidæ, i. 139, 142, 153
Gerfalcons, Island or land of, ii. 208, 227, 266, 289
Germania, i. 69, 71, 73, 87, 90, 95, 101, 108-14, 154, 169; Roman campaigns in, i. 81, 83, 85, 97
Germanicus, The younger, i. 83
Germanus, Nicolaus, ii. 251, 276-9, 288, 290, 373
Germany, coast of, in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 257
Gesta Francorum, i. 234
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, ii. 340
Gildas, i. 234, 364
Ginnungagap, i. 12, 84, 158; ii. 35, 150, 154, 239-41
Giraldus Cambrensis, i. 379; ii. 151, 220, 245
Gisle Oddsson’s Annals, ii. 82, 100-2, 109
Gissur Einarsson, Bishop, i. 285
Gjessing, H., ii. 31
Glæsaria, island, i. 101, 106
Glastonbury, Legend of sow at, i. 378-9
“Gli,” mythical island, i. 364
Globes, used by the Greeks, i. 78; introduced by Toscanelli, ii. 287; Behaim’s, ii. 287-9; Laon globe, ii. 290; used by Columbus, ii. 287; and Cabot, ii. 304, 306
Gnomon, The, i. 11, 45-6
Godthaab, Greenland, i. 271, 304, 307, 321; ii. 73, 74
Goe, month of, i. 264, 265
Goeje, M. de, i. 344, 362; ii. 51, 194, 197, 198
Goes, Damiam de, ii. 354, 366, 376, 377
Gokstad ship, i. 246
Gomara, Francesco Lopez de, ii. 129, 130, 131, 336, 337, 354, 364
Gongu-Rólv’s kvæði, i. 356
Göta river, i. 131; ii. 190, 205
Göter (Gauter), i. 120, 135, 141, 144, 147; ii. 190
Goths (Gytoni, Gythones, Getæ), i. 14, 21, 71, 120, 129, 130, 135, 137, 139, 145, 147, 153; ii. 143, 190
Gotland, i. 121, 180, 378; ii. 125, 237; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 221, 224, 233, 265
Gourmont, Hieronymus, map of Iceland, ii. 122-3, 127
Graah, Captain, i. 297; ii. 104
Grail, Legends of the, i. 382
Grampus, i. 50-1
Granii, i. 136
Grape Island (Insula Uvarum), i. 358, 361, 363, 365, 366
Greenland, i. 184, 192, 194, 197, 199, 200, 201, 215, 223, 252, 315-21, 322; ii. 1, 5, 12, 25, 36, 38, 40-2, 66-94, 95-134, 167, 169, 177, 244, 345, 366; Eskimo of, ii. 71-5; discovered and settled by Norwegians, i. 258-78; estimated population of settlements, i. 272; conditions of life in i. 274-8, 319; ii. 96-7; voyages along the coasts of, i. 279-311; glaciers (inland ice) of, i. 288-95, 301, 308; ii. 246-7; decline of Norse settlements in, ii. 90, 95-100; last voyage to (from Norway), ii. 117; last ship from, ii. 118; geographical ideas of, ii. 237-40, 246-8, 254-5, 259-62, 270-6, 278, 279, 280; east coast of, i. 271-2, 279-96, 308; ii. 168, 170, 171, 238; uninhabited parts (ubygder) of, i. 279-311, 320, 321; ii. 28, 166, 172; sixteenth-century discovery of, ii. 315, 332, 335, 352, 363, 364, 375; called Labrador, ii. 129, 132, 133, 315, 335, 353; in sixteenth-century maps, ii. 368-75
Gregory of Tours i. 234
“Greipar,” in Greenland, i. 298, 299, 300-1, 304
Grettis-saga, i. 313, 367
Griffins, i. 19, 254; ii. 263
Grim Kamban, i. 253
Grimm, J., i. 18, 94, 95, 355, 372; ii. 45, 56
Grimm, W., i. 373
Grip, Carsten, letter to Christiern III., ii. 126-8
Gripla, i. 288; ii. 35-6, 237, 239, 241
Gröndal, B., i. 371, 375
Grönlands historiske Mindesmærker, i. 262, 263, 271, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 311, 333, 359, 377; ii. 1, 9, 14, 17, 22, 25, 31, 35, 46, 79, 82, 86, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 113, 117, 119, 120, 125, 127, 172, 237, 278
Grönlendinga-þáttr (see Flateyjarbók)
Groth, Th., ii. 103
Grottasongr, i. 159
Gudleif’ Gudlaugsson, story of his voyage, ii. 49-50, 53-4; compared with Leif Ericson, ii. 50-1
Gudmund Arason’s Saga, i. 284
Gudmundsson, Jón, map by, ii. 34, 241
Gudmundsson, V., ii. 25
Gudrid, wife of Karlsevne, i. 318, 319, 320, 321, 329, 330, 333; ii. 14-5, 51
Guichot y Sierra, A., i. 376
Gulathings Law, ii. 140
Gulf Stream, i. 251; ii. 54
Gunnbjörnskerries, i. 256, 261-4, 267, 280; ii. 276
Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, i. 256, 261-4, 267, 280, 296
Gustafson, Prof. G., i. 237, 240
Gutæ, i. 120
Guta-saga, i. 378
Gutones (see Goths), i. 70, 71, 72, 72, 93
Gytoni (see Goths), i. 71
Hægstad, Prof. M., ii. 242
Hægstad and Torp (Gamal-norsk Ordbog), ii. 9
Hæmodæ (“Acmodæ,” “Hæcmodæ”), i. 90, 106
“Hafsbotn” (the Polar Sea), i. 283, 303; ii. 137, 151, 165, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 237, 240
Hakluyt. R., i. 226; ii. 129, 132, 152, 261, 319, 321, 326, 333
Håkon Håkonsson’s Saga, i. 299; ii. 139, 141
Halichoerus grypus (grey seal), i. 217; ii. 91, 155
Halli Geit, Tale of, ii. 239
Hallinger, i. 104, 247
Hallstatt, i. 24, 36
Hâlogaland (Hålogaland, Hâlogi, Halgoland, Halagland, Halogia, Helgeland), i. 61, 62, 64, 132, 135, 138, 175, 179, 194, 197, 200, 231, 247, 264, 381, 383; ii. 64, 137, 139, 140, 142, 165, 168, 172; in mediæval cartography, ii. 227, 236
Halsingia, or Alsingia, i. 104
Hamberg, Axel, ii. 69
Hammershaimb, V. U., i. 356, 375; ii. 33
Hamy, ii. 220, 223, 229, 230, 234
Hanno, i. 37, 88, 350; ii. 45
Hans (John), king of Denmark, ii. 125, 128
Hanseatic League, ii. 99, 119, 125, 179, 218
Hansen, Dr. A. M., i. 149, 192, 206, 207, 208, 218, 221, 222, 228, 229, 230, 236-7, 239
Harold Fairhair, i. 253-4, 255, 258
Harold Gråfeld, ii. 136, 153, 154
Harold Hardråde, i. 185, 195, 201, 283, 383; ii. 147, 199; his voyage in the Polar Sea, i. 195; ii. 148-54
Harpoons, i. 214-7, 277; ii. 145-6, 156-63
Harrisse, Henry, ii. 132, 230, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 309, 314, 315, 319, 320, 326, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 341, 347, 348, 349, 353, 358, 359, 360, 365, 374
Harudes (Charydes, Charudes, Horder), i. 85, 118, 136, 143, 148, 246
Hauksbók, i. 188, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262, 264, 268, 286, 291, 293, 308, 309, 322, 327, 331, 333, 353, 367, 369; ii. 10, 11, 166, 169, 172, 216, 261
Hebrides (Ebudes, Hebudes), i. 57, 90, 106, 117, 123, 158, 159, 160, 161, 234, 273, 316; ii. 151, 200
Hecatæus of Abdera, i. 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 98
Heffermehl, A. V., ii. 242
Heiberg, Prof. J., i. 219, 220
Heimskringla, i. 270, 313, 331; ii. 59, 137, 171, 239
Heiner, i. 138
Heinrich of Mainz, map by, ii. 185, 187
Helge Bograngsson, killed in Bjarmeland, ii. 139-40
Heligoland, i. 197
Helland, A., i. 226, 231, 369, 372, 373, 378, 381; ii. 46, 152, 177, 228
Helluland, i. 312, 313, 322, 323, 334, 336, 357; ii. 1, 23, 35-6, 61, 237
Helm, O., i. 14
Helsingland, Helsingers, i. 189; ii. 237
Henry V. of England, ii. 119
Henry VI. of England, ii. 119
Henry VII. of England, ii. 130, 298, 299, 302, 303, 322, 324, 326, 327, 331, 332, 333, 334, 337, 338, 340
Henry VIII. of England, ii. 319, 330, 334, 338, 341, 342, 343
Heraclitus, i. 12
“Herbrestr” (war-crash), ii. 8-9
Hereford map, i. 91, 92, 102, 154, 157, 190; ii. 186, 187
Hergt, G., i. 43, 51, 60, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72
Herla, mythical king of Britain, ii. 76
Hermiones, i. 91, 104
Hermits, in Irish legends, ii. 19, 43-6, 50
Herodotus, i. 9, 12, 20, 23, 24, 27, 31-2, 46, 76, 78, 81, 88, 114, 148, 155, 156, 161, 187
Hertzberg, Ebbe, ii. 38, 39, 40, 61, 93
Hesiod, i. 9, 11, 18, 42, 84, 348
Hesperides, i. 9, 161, 334, 345, 376; ii. 2, 61
Heyman, i. 342; ii. 8
Hielmqvist, Th., i. 381
Hieronymus, i. 151, 154
Higden, Ranulph (Polychronicon), i. 346, 382; ii. 31-2, 288-92, 220; his mappamundi, ii. 188, 189, 192
Hilleviones, i. 101, 104, 121
Himilco’s voyage, i. 29, 36-41, 68, 83
Himinrað (Hunenrioth, &c.), mountain in Greenland, i. 302-4; ii. 108
Hipparchus, i. 44, 47, 52, 56, 57, 73, 77-8, 87, 116; ii. 197
Hippocrates, i. 13, 88
Hippopods, i. 91
Hirri, i. 101
Historia Norwegiæ, i. 204, 229, 252, 255, 256, 257, 298; ii. 1, 2, 17, 29, 61, 79, 87, 88, 135, 151, 167, 168, 172, 222, 227, 235, 239, 240, 280
Hjorleif, settles in Iceland with Ingolf, i. 166, 252, 254, 255
Hoegh, K., ii. 31
Hoffmann, W. J., ii. 39, 40
Hofmann, C., i. 59
Holand, H. R., ii. 31
Holberg, Ludvig, ii. 118
Holm, G. F., i. 271, 274
Holz, G., i. 85, 102
Homer, i. 8, 10-11, 13, 14, 25, 33, 77, 78, 196, 347, 348, 371; ii. 53, 54, 160
Homeyer, C. G., i. 214
Hönen, Ringerike, Runic stone from, ii. 27-9, 58
Honorius Augustodunensis, i. 375
Honorius, Julius, i. 123; ii. 183
Horace, i. 349, 350-1
Horaisan, Japanese fortunate isle, ii. 56-7, 213
Horder (see Harudes), i. 85, 118, 136, 138, 143, 147, 209, 246
Horn, Georg, (Ulysses peregrinans), ii. 132, 133
Horses, Swedish, i. 135; in Greenland, i. 276
Hrabanus Maurus, i. 159, 167, 184
“Huldrefolk” (Norwegian fairies), i. 355, 356, 370-3, 381; ii. 12, 60
“Huldrelands” (see Fairylands)
Humboldt, i. 363
Huns, i. 188
Hvarf point, in Greenland, i. 263, 267, 269, 279, 288, 290, 292, 294, 295, 303, 310, 315; ii. 169, 171, 261
Hvergelmer, i. 158, 159
Hvítramanna-land (the White Men’s Land), i. 312, 313, 330, 353, 366, 368, 376; ii. 2, 19, 42-56, 60, 61, 92; called Great Ireland, i. 330, 353, 366; ii. 42, 48; Are Mársson’s voyage to, i. 331-2, 353-4; ii. 42, 46, 50
Hvitserk glacier, in Greenland, i. 283, 286, 288, 291, 292, 294-5, 303; ii. 122, 123, 124, 127, 128
Hyperboreans, i. 13, 15-21, 79, 81, 88, 89, 98, 128, 187, 188, 348; ii. 188
Iberians, in British Isles, i. 26; in Brittany, i. 30; cannibalism among, i. 81
Ibrâhîm ibn Ja’qûb, i. 187
Iceland, i. 181-4, 192, 193-4, 197, 201, 248, 251, 262, 263, 267, 278, 285, 286, 289, 295, 305, 308, 324, 337, 353, 362, 374; ii. 43, 49, 102, 112, 169, 170, 191, 211, 242, 244, 245, 281; discovered by Irish monks, i. 59, 164-7, 233, 258; identified with Thule, i. 59-60, 164, 193; fables of ice in, i. 181, 183-4, 193; ii. 191; Norwegian settlement of, i. 252-8; called “Gardarsholm,” i. 255; called “Snowland,” i. 255; in mediæval cartography, ii. 225, 230, 231, 250, 262, 275, 279, 284, 286
Icelandic Annals (Islandske Annaler), i. 282, 284, 285, 305; ii. 25, 29, 36, 37, 82, 88, 99, 111, 112, 117, 118, 166, 172
Ictis, i. 29
“Illa verde,” on fifteenth and sixteenth century maps, ii. 279-81, 294, 318
Indian myths, i. 19, 92, 351, 356, 363; ii. 57, 213, 214
Indiana, North American, i. 327, 377; ii. 7, 12, 16, 23, 25, 68, 69, 90, 92, 93, 334, 367; lacrosse among, ii. 39-41, 93
Ingævones, i. 101
Ingimund Thorgeirsson, lost in Greenland, i. 284
Ingolf Arnarson, first Norse settler in Iceland, i. 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 267
Ingolf’s Fjeld, Greenland, i. 291, 293, 294, 296
Ingram, Dr., i. 179
Ireland (Hierne, Hibernia, Juverna, Ivernia, Ibernia), i. 38, 57, 80, 81, 90, 117, 179, 192, 234, 253, 326; ii. 201, 211, 244, 245; connection with Iceland, i. 167, 258, 353; whaling in, ii. 156
Irgens, O., i. 248, 250
Irish monks, i, 162-7, 362; ii. 43; (“Papar”) in Iceland, i. 254, 258; ii. 77, 78
Irish myths, i. 281-2, 334, 336-9, 353-64, 370, 371; ii. 18, 19, 20, 43-5, 50, 53-4, 56, 60-1, 206, 207, 228-9, 234
Iroquois myth of floating island, i. 377
Isachsen, G., i. 300, 304, 306; ii. 168, 171
Isidorus Hispalensis, i. 44, 102, 151, 159, 160, 167, 184, 187, 345, 346, 347, 352, 353, 367, 382-4; ii. 2, 3-4, 58, 59, 64, 75, 183, 184, 185, 189, 247
Isles of the Blest, The, i. 9, 84, 348, 349, 351, 363, 370; ii. 59
Issedonians, i. 16, 19, 81
Italian sailors and cartographers (see Compass-charts), ii. 217
Itinéraire Brugeois, ii. 250, 256, 262, 263, 272
Itineraries, Roman, i. 116, 123, 153
Ivar Bárdsson’s description of Greenland, i. 262-3, 290, 292, 295, 302, 304; ii. 82, 87, 88, 102, 106, 107-11, 126, 166, 171, 241, 256, 261, 276
Ivar Bodde, probable author of the King’s Mirror, ii. 242
Jacob, G., i. 187, 284; ii. 145, 157, 202
Jakobsen, Dr. J., i. 163, 293, 374
Jan Mayen, i. 287; ii. 168, 169, 171
Japanese myth, ii. 56-8, 213
Jaqût, ii. 143, 144
Jaubert, P. A., ii. 204
Jenkinson, Anthony, ii. 152
Jensen, A. S., ii. 104
Jomard, ii. 220, 229
Jones Sound, i. 304, 306
Jónsbók, Icelandic MS., i. 316, 320, 329; ii. 24
Jónsson, Finnur, i. 166, 198, 256, 258, 260, 262, 265, 266, 273, 301, 305, 314, 331, 367; ii. 79, 107, 108, 167, 237
Jordanes, i. 104, 120, 129-38, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, 194, 203, 206; ii. 211
Jörgensen, N. P., i. 272, 274-5
Jotunheim, i. 303; ii. 147, 172, 238
Jovius, Paulus, ii. 111
Joyce, P. W., i. 360, 379
Julianehaab, Greenland, i. 267, 271, 274
Jutland, i. 69, 71, 72, 82, 85, 93, 94, 101, 102, 105, 117, 139, 144, 143, 147, 169, 180, 185, 246; ii. 192; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 224, 225, 235, 257, 265
Kähler, F., i. 43, 68
Kandalaks, river and gulf, i. 174, 218-9, 222
Kara Sea, i. 212
Karelians (Kirjals), Karelia, i. 175, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223; ii. 85, 137, 140, 146, 167, 173, 174; “Kareli infideles,” ii. 85, 117, 224, 225, 255, 262, 270, 271, 272
Karlsevne, Thorfinn, i. 260, 313, 318, 319, 331, 333, 336, 346, 354; ii. 14, 15, 18, 23, 25, 65; voyage to Wineland, i. 320-30, 334-45; battle with the Skrælings, i. 328; ii. 6-11
“Kassiteros,” Derivation of, i. 25-6
Kayaks, Eskimo, ii. 10, 68, 70, 72, 74, 85, 91, 92, 127, 270
Kemble, John M., i. 364
Kensington stone, Minnesota, ii. 31
Keyser, R., i. 58, 59, 60, 65, 93, 99, 104, 105, 107
Khordâḏbah, Ibn, ii. 195, 196-7
Kiær, A., ii. 63
Kingigtorsuak, Runic stone from, i. 297; ii. 84
King map (circa 1502), ii. 331, 354, 355, 358, 364, 373, 374
Kings Mirror, The, (Konungs-Skuggsjá), i. 3, 272-3, 277, 279-80, 300, 352; ii. 1, 2, 29, 87, 88, 95, 96, 98, 155, 157, 172, 193, 234, 242-8; authorship of, ii. 242
Kjær, A., i. 324
Kjalarnes, i. 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 329; ii. 23
Kjelmö, archæological find from, i. 212-9, 224
Kjölen range, i. 102, 224; ii. 222
Kleiven, Ivar, i. 340
“Knarren,” Royal trading ship to Greenland, ii. 38, 98-9, 106, 122
Knattleikr, Norse ball-game, ii. 38-9, 61, 93; similar to lacrosse, ii. 39
“Kobandoi” (Cobandi), i. 93-4, 118
Koch, J., i. 156
Kohl, J. G., ii. 148, 340, 353
Kohlmann, P. W., i. 194
Koht, H., i. 247; ii. 43
Kola peninsula, i. 173, 174, 217, 223; ii. 135, 142, 165, 176
Koren-Wiberg, Christian, ii. 80
Krabbo, Hermann, i. 202
Krag, H. P. S., i. 340
Kraken, sea monster, i. 375; ii. 234, 244
Kretschmer, K., i. 10, 12, 14, 74, 78; ii. 215, 222, 223, 226, 228, 229, 230, 282, 284, 294, 313, 353
Kristensen, W. Brede, i. 347
Kristni-saga, i. 313, 331, 367; ii. 59
Kröksfjarðarheiðr (Greenland), i. 267, 299, 300-1, 304, 306, 308, 309, 310; ii. 72, 83, 88
Kulhwch and Olwen, Tale of, i. 342; ii. 8
Kunstmann, F., ii. 229, 378
“Kunstmann, No. 2,” Italian mappamundi, ii. 374
Kvænland (Cvenland, Cwênland; Finland), i. 155, 170, 175, 178, 198; the name mistaken for “Land of Women,” i. 112, 186-7, 383; ii. 64, 214, 237
Kvæns (see Finns), Cwênas, i. 178, 191, 206, 207, 220, 223; ii. 137, 141, 167; their name confused with “cyon” (dog), i. 155, 188
Labrador, i. 322, 323, 334, 335; ii. 5, 23, 41, 68, 105, 106, 131, 133, 308, 314, 335, 338, 352, 358, 364, 370; == Greenland, ii. 129, 132, 133, 315, 331, 335; the name of, ii. 331-2, 357-8
Lacrosse, ii. 38-41; perhaps derived from Norsemen, ii. 40
Lactantius, i. 127
Læstrygons, i. 13, 78
Läffler, Prof. L. F., i. 132, 134, 136, 297; ii. 63
“Lageniensis,” i. 357, 379; ii. 228
Lagnus, bay, i. 101, 105
Lambert map, ii. 188, 259
Lampros, S. P., ii. 281
Landa-Rolf, i. 285-6
Landegode (Landit Góða), island off Bodō, Norway, i. 369-70, 372, 373, 374; ii. 60
Landnámabók, i. 166, 251, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 266, 273, 288, 291, 293, 313, 324, 330, 332, 353, 366, 367, 368, 369, 377; ii. 21, 42, 58, 60, 62, 166, 168, 169, 170, 172
Langebek, i. 179
Langobards, i. 138, 139, 155, 156, 159
Laon globe, ii. 290
Lappenberg, I. M., i. 193, 195, 303
Lapps, i. 61, 113, 150, 171, 173, 177, 190, 191, 203-8, 218, 220, 224-32, 372; ii. 76, 135, 164, 168, 175, 178; their magic, i. 191, 204, 219, 227, 229; ii. 32, 77, 136, 137; their archery, i. 227-30; their languages, i. 228-9
Lascaris, Cananos, travels in the North, ii. 281
Las Casas, ii. 214
Latitude, calculation of, i. 46-8, 64, 76, 78, 116-7; ii. 22, 260, 307; scale of, on Ptolemy’s and other maps, ii. 259, 260-1, 264, 274-5
Latris, island, i. 101, 105
Laurentius Kálfsson’s saga, ii. 8
Leardus, Johannes, mappamundi by, ii. 282
L’Ecuy globe (or Rouen globe), ii. 129, 131-2
Leem, K., ii. 178, 191
Leif Ericson, i. 270, 313, 314, 315-8, 321, 331, 332, 338, 339, 343, 346, 359, 380, 384; ii. 4, 21, 22, 25, 50, 51, 59, 65; called “the Lucky,” i. 270, 313, 317, 331; meaning of the name, i. 380-2; discovers Wineland the Good, i. 313, 317, 332; rescues the shipwrecked crew, i. 317; introduces Christianity, i. 317, 332, 380
Lelewel, J., ii. 131, 203, 278, 282, 284, 286
Leucippus, i. 12, 127
Liebrecht, F., ii. 228
Ligurians, i. 41, 42, 114
Lik-Lodin, i. 282-3
Lillienskiold, Hans Hansen, i. 177
Lind, E. H., i. 332
“Liver Sea” (Lebermeer), i. 69, 181, 363; ii. 20, 51, 231
Lok, Michael, Map of 1582, ii. 130, 321, 323
Lönborg, S. E., i. 102, 112, 131, 135, 156, 174, 180, 193, 197; ii. 150
Longest day, calculation of, ii. 52, 54
Lot, F., i. 357, 379
Loth, J., i. 342
Lucian, i. 352, 355, 356, 360, 361, 363, 366, 376; ii. 54, 150
Lugii (Vandal tribe), i. 247
“Lycko-Pār” (“Lykke-Per”), i. 381
“Lykk-Anders,” Tale of, i. 381
Lyschander (Grönlands Chronica), ii. 101, 102, 111
Lytton, Lord, i. 350
Machutus, St., Voyage of, i. 334, 354, 363
Macrobius, i. 123, 126, 184; ii. 182, 193, 247
Maelduin, Voyage of, i. 336-7, 338, 355, 356, 358, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366; ii. 9, 18, 45, 150
Maelstrom, Legends of the, i. 157-9; ii. 138, 150-3, 241
Mæotides, i. 88
Mæotis Palus (Sea of Azov), i. 89; ii. 199, 211, 283, 284
Maggiolo, map by (1527), ii. 321, 335, 358, 359
“Mag Mell” (the happy plain), i. 355, 357, 365, 370
Magnaghi, A., ii. 227, 230
Magnus Barfot’s Saga, i. 197
Magnussen, Finn, ii. 102
Maǵûs, Arab name for Northern Vikings, ii. 55, 196, 200, 201, 209, 210
Maine, coast of, ii. 316, 317
Mair, G., i. 35, 36, 37, 43, 47, 59
Manannán mac Lir, i. 363, 370; ii. 45
Mandeville, Sir John, ii. 271, 292
Manna, i. 338
Mannhardt, W., i. 365
Manuel, King of Portugal, ii. 346, 347, 352, 353, 375, 376, 377, 378
Mapes, Walter, ii. 75-6
Maps (see also Compass-charts), earliest Greek, i. 11, 76, 77, 78; ii. 182; Ptolemy’s, i. 116-22; wheel-maps, i. 151; ii. 183-8, 193, 218, 222; T- and OT-maps, i. 151; ii. 183-4, 193; Arab maps, ii. 203; 15th century mappemundi, ii. 281-7
Marcianus of Heraclea, i. 123
Margaret, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, ii. 118, 132
Marinus of Tyre, i. 115, 116, 121, 122; ii. 194, 249
Markham, Sir C. R., i. 43, 58, 64; ii. 295, 336, 373
Markland, i. 299, 305, 307, 312, 313, 322, 323, 324, 329, 334, 335, 336, 338; ii. 1, 19, 22, 23, 36, 37, 42, 61, 92-93, 96, 229, 279; ship from M. reaches Iceland, ii. 22, 25, 36-8, 61, 229
Martellus, Henricus, ii. 276, 279
Martyr, Peter, ii. 303, 330, 336, 337, 338, 339, 342
Marx, F., i. 37
Massagetæ, i. 81, 148; ii. 188
Massalia, i. 31, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 67, 70
Mas’ûdî, ii. 198-9, 207
Matthew Paris, ii. 281
Matthias, Franz, i. 36, 43
Maurenbrecher, B., i. 349
Maurer, K., i. 265; ii. 9
Mauro, Fra, map by, ii. 177, 278, 285, 286
Medici Atlas (1351), i. 362; ii. 229, 234-6, 236, 240, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 272-6
Mehren, A. F., ii. 143, 145, 212
Meissner, R., i. 255
Mela, Pomponius, i. 15, 19, 28, 38, 44, 55, 63, 72, 75, 85-96, 97, 101, 103, 114, 118, 131, 144, 155; ii. 32, 192, 208
Melville Bay, i. 305, 310
Mercator, Gerard, ii. 261; his map of 1569, ii. 130
Meregarto, i. 69, 181-4, 193, 252; ii. 51
Mevenklint (Kolbeins-ey), i. 264, 286, 287; ii. 166, 169, 170, 172
Meyer, Kuno, i. 198, 354
Michelsen, A. L. J., i. 214
Midgards-worm, i. 364; ii. 234
Mid-glacier (Miðjǫkull), Greenland, i. 267, 288, 290, 293, 294, 295
Midnight sun (long summer day and winter night in the North), i. 14, 45, 53-4, 62, 79, 92, 98, 106, 131, 133-4, 140, 157, 165, 193, 194, 309-11; ii. 144, 190, 212, 281
Mikhow, Andrei, ii. 163, 173, 174
Mikkola, Prof., ii. 175
Miller, K., i. 77, 87, 90, 109, 115, 123, 150, 152, 180, 182; ii. 185, 186, 187, 192, 193, 223, 226, 282, 284
Modena compass-chart, ii. 230-1, 235, 266, 282
Moe, Prof. Moltke, i. 69, 247, 304, 332, 341, 342, 352, 358, 364, 366, 370, 372, 373, 374, 378, 379, 381; ii. 8, 11, 15, 16, 20, 33, 44, 45, 46, 51, 56, 75, 147, 213, 228, 242, 245
Mommsen, T., i. 57, 123, 129, 136, 137, 193; ii. 143
Monopoly of trade with Greenland, ii. 98, 118-9, 179-80; with Finmark, ii. 179
Montelius, O., i. 239, 241
“Moorbrücken,” i. 36
Mordvins, ii. 142, 143, 199
Morimarusa, i. 99, 100, 105; ii. 58
Moskenström (Lofoten), i. 158; ii. 152-3, 154, 241
“Mǫsurr” (masur), wood from Wineland, i. 317; ii. 5, 25
Much, R., i. 93, 94, 95, 99, 110, 112, 119, 120, 246, 247
Müllenhoff, K., i. 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 65, 83, 85, 92, 93, 102, 103, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 120, 128, 132, 134, 136, 137, 145, 206, 207, 234, 235, 246, 247
Müllenhoff and Scherer, i. 181
Müller, I., i. 83
Müller, S., i. 22
Munch, P.A., i. 50, 132, 134, 136, 146, 179, 180, 205, 246, 247, 258, 331; ii. 154
Muratori, ii. 162
Murman coast, i. 212; ii. 173, 176, 269
Mylius-Erichsen, i. 2, 3
Naddodd Viking, i. 255-7
Nansen, F., First Crossing of Greenland, i. 281, 293
Nansen, F., Eskimo Life, ii. 72, 73, 105
Narwhale, i. 300, 303
Natives of North America, brought to England in 1501 or 1502, ii. 333; probably Eskimo, ii. 334; brought to Lisbon by Corte-Real’s expedition, ii. 348, 349, 351-2, 366-7; perhaps Eskimo, ii. 367
Negri, Francesco, i. 226
Nepos, Cornelius, i. 87
Nestor’s Russian Chronicle, ii. 143
Newfoundland, i. 248, 322, 323, 324, 334, 335; ii. 23, 91, 308, 309, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318, 321, 322, 329, 335, 337, 355, 362, 363, 364, 376; discovery of, by Corte-Real, ii. 330, 354, 355, 362; on 16th century maps, ii. 370-5; fisheries of, ii. 330-1, 378; called Terra de Corte-Real, ii. 354, 355, 376, 378
Newfoundland Banks, ii. 154, 309, 318, 363
New Land (Nyaland), i. 285-6
Nicholas V., Pope, Letter to, on Greenland, ii. 17, 86, 112, 116, 256, 270, 288, 366; Letter from, on Greenland (1448), ii. 113-5, 278
Nicholas of Lynn, ii. 86, 151, 153, 214, 249, 256, 261, 270, 289
Nicolayssen, O., i. 375
Nielsen, Prof. Konrad, i. 219, 223; ii. 175
Nielsen, Prof. Yngvar, i. 369; ii. 29, 39, 90, 92, 154
Niese, B., i. 14
Nikulás Bergsson, Abbot, of Thverâ, (Icelandic geographical work), i. 198, 313; ii. 1, 2, 237, 256
Nilsson, Sven, i. 35, 60, 205
“Nisse,” Scandinavian fairy, i. 373, 381; ii. 15
Njál’s Saga, i. 372
Noel, S. B. J., ii. 160, 173
“Nordbotn,” (Norderbondt, Nordhindh Bondh, Nordenbodhn), the Polar Sea, i. 303, 304; ii. 171, 256, 259, 267, 268, 269
Nordenskiöld, A. E., i. 226; ii. 32, 220, 223, 229, 230, 234, 249, 250, 266, 282, 285, 357
Norðrsetur (Greenland), i. 267, 296, 298-307, 308, 309, 300; ii. 83, 88
Norðrsetudrápa, i. 273, 298
Normans, i. 145, 146, 153, 188, 234; ii. 159-62, 200-2
North Cape, i. 171, 172, 174; ii. 124
North Pole, whirlpool at, i. 159; land at, ii. 239, 263, 272
North Sea, amber from, i. 14, 32, 34, 35
North-West Passage, i. 115; ii. 129, 130, 378
Norway, i. 58, 60-5, 147, 253, 292, 316, 324, 353; ii. 98-100, 169, 170, 204, 237; the name of, i. 107, 179; Jordanes on, i. 136-8; Solinus MSS. on, i. 161; Ottar on, i. 170-1, 175-80; Adam of Bremen on, i. 188, 190-2, 194, 200; anthropological characteristics in, i. 209-10; fairylands in, i. 369-70; whaling in, ii. 155-9; Edrisi on, ii. 205; Shîrazî on, ii. 211; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 221, 225, 227, 230, 235-6, 257, 258-61, 265-9, 286
Norwegian seafaring, i. 62, 221, 223, 224, 233-5, 246-52, 287; ii. 135, 140; decline of, ii. 179-81
Nova Scotia, i. 329, 335, 345; ii. 3, 5, 90, 91, 309, 314-6, 321; probably discovered by John Cabot, ii. 314-6
Novaya Zemlya, i. 212, 248; ii. 165, 166, 173, 238
Novilara, Carvings on grave-stone at, i. 238, 239
Novgorod, ii. 140, 142
Nydam, Boat from, i. 110, 238, 241, 244, 246
Oceanus, i. 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 79, 192, 198, 199, 200, 201; ii. 1, 154, 182, 198, 200, 204, 239, 248
Ochon, King of the Eruli, i. 141, 148
Odysseus, i. 13, 78; ii. 53, 54
“Œcumene” (the habitable world), i. 8, 10, 12, 45, 55, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 115, 121, 198; ii. 182, 217
Œneæ, or Œonæ (egg-eaters), i. 91, 92, 95, 131, 155
Œstrymnides, i. 28, 37-41; == Cassiterides, i. 39
Ogygia, i. 182, 347, 355, 363; ii. 43
Olaf the Saint, i. 331; ii. 49, 50, 171
Olaf Tryggvason, i. 270, 316, 321, 339; ii. 50
Olaus Magnus, i. 205, 211, 228; ii. 17, 89, 111, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 139, 141, 152, 163, 173, 178
Oliveriana map (circa 1503), ii. 358, 369, 370, 374-5
Olrik, Axel, ii. 252, 253
Olsen, Gunnar, i. 377
Olsen, Prof. Magnus, i. 228, 219, 246, 297
Omar al ’Udhri, i. 284; ii. 156
Ongania (reproductions of maps), ii. 221, 234, 278, 282, 287
Oppert, J., i. 35
Orcades, i. 57, 90, 106, 107, 117, 123, 130, 160, 161, 192, 199, 200; ii. 186, 192, 200
Ordericus Vitalis, i. 382; ii. 31
“Orkan” (or “Orkas”), i. 50-3, 58, 90
Orkneys, i. 52-3, 90, 107, 113, 117, 192, 195, 258; ii. 55, 148; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 228
Orosius, Paulus, i. 38, 44, 123, 151, 169, 184; ii. 183, 192, 193
Oseberg ship, i. 246, 247
Ostiæi, i. 69, 72
Ostiimans (Ostimnians), i. 38, 69, 72
Ost-sæ̂, i. 169
Ostyaks, i. 207; ii. 147
Ottar (Ohthere), i. 170-80, 204, 211, 213, 214, 218, 220, 225, 230, 231, 247; ii. 135-6, 142, 156, 159, 164, 173, 243
Panoti (long-eared), i. 92
Paris, Gaston, i. 359
Parmenides of Elea, i. 12, 123; ii. 182
Pasqualigo, Lorenzo, ii. 301, 302, 303, 312, 314, 316, 317
Pasqualigo, Pietro, Venetian Minister at Lisbon, ii. 347-9, 355, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 367, 372
Paulus Warnefridi, i. 136, 139, 155-60, 184, 187, 196, 203, 284; ii. 147, 148, 150, 153
Pechora, river, ii. 144, 146, 147, 173
Pedo, Albinovanus, i. 82-4; ii. 148
“Perdita” (the Lost Isle), i. 376; ii. 213
Permians, i. 174
Peschel, Johannes, i. 352; ii. 147
Peucini, i. 111, 112, 113, 114
Peyrere (Relation du Groënland), ii. 120
Phæacians, i. 347, 371, 378; ii. 53, 54
Philemon, i. 99, 100
Phoca fœtida, i. 177
Phoca grœnlandica (saddleback seal), i. 217, 276
Phoca vitulina, i. 217
Phœnicians, i. 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 34-6, 40, 41, 99, 233, 249, 346, 349, 362, 376
Pilestrina, map of 1511, attributed to, ii. 374, 376, 377
Pindar, i. 18, 348
Pining, Didrik, ii. 123-9, 133, 345
Pistorius, ii. 173
Pizigano map (1367), ii. 229, 230, 236
Plato, ii. 46, 293
Pliny, i. 15, 19, 20, 26, 28, 30, 33, 37, 38, 44, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 65, 70, 71, 72, 75, 84, 85, 87, 93, 96-107, 118, 121, 123, 126, 134, 155, 162, 185, 334, 348, 349, 362, 376; ii. 48, 55, 59, 214
Plutarch, i. 156, 182, 187, 349, 363, 376; ii. 43
Polar Sea, i. 169, 172, 195-6, 213, 283, 303; ii. 145, 164, 165, 166, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 238
Polo, Marco, ii. 288, 289
Polus (equinoctial dial), i. 46, 48
Polybius, i. 43, 44, 45, 52, 56, 66, 67, 73, 74, 78, 80; ii. 160
Pontoppidan, Erich, i. 375
Porthan, H. G., i. 179
Portolani, ii. 216
Portuguese adventurers, Arab tale of, ii. 51-5
Portuguese chart of about 1520, at Munich, ii. 353, 354, 355, 356
Portuguese, maritime enterprise of, ii. 292-3, 345, 377
Posidonius, i. 14, 23, 27, 52, 79, 115; ii. 292, 297
Pothorst, associate of Pining, ii. 123-9, 133, 345
Priscianus Cæsariensis, i. 123
Procopius, i. 60, 94, 132, 134, 138, 139-50, 154, 194, 203, 372
Promised Land (see Tír Tairngiri and Terra Repromissionis)
Provisioning of Viking ships, i. 268-9
Psalter map, ii. 187, 188
Ptolemy, i. 26, 38, 44, 72, 75, 76, 79, 93, 99, 102, 111, 112, 115-22, 128, 130, 131, 132, 142, 143, 144, 246, 349; ii. 182, 194, 195, 197, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212, 220, 236, 249, 250, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 292
Puebla, Ruy Gonzales de, Spanish Ambassador to Henry VII., ii. 300, 324, 325
Pullè and Longhena, ii. 230
Purchas his Pilgrimes, ii. 126
Pygmies, ii. 17, 75, 76, 85, 86, 111, 117, 206, 255, 263, 269, 270
Pythagoras, i. 11, 12
Pytheas, i. 2, 29, 38, 41, 43-73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 90, 92, 97, 100, 106, 116, 165, 172, 193, 234, 246; date of his voyage, i. 44; his astronomical measurements, i. 45; his ship, i. 48; in Britain, i. 50; in Thule, i. 53; on the sea beyond Thule, i. 65; voyage along the coast of Germania, i. 69
Qazwînî, i. 187, 284; ii. 57, 144, 156, 202, 209-11, 234
Qodâma, ii. 198
Querini’s travels in Norway (1432), ii. 177, 286
Qvigstad, J. K., i. 173, 220, 221, 226, 228, 229, 372; ii. 210
Rafn, C., i. 304, 340; ii. 31, 33, 193
Ragnaricii (see Ranrike), i. 136
Râkâ, island in Arab myth, ii. 207-8
Ramusio, G. B., ii. 298, 303, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 354, 364
Ranii, i. 136, 137
Ranisch, W., i. 18
Ranrike, i. 136
Rask, R., i. 179
Raumarici (see Romerike), i. 136
Ravenna geographer, The, i. 144, 152-4, 203
Ravenstein, E. G., ii. 287, 289
Ravn Hlymreks-farer, i. 354, 366
Reeves, A. M., i. 267, 322; ii. 30
Reinach, S., i. 26, 27
Reindeer, i. 175, 176, 191, 204, 212, 217, 226, 227, 230, 276, 277
Reindeer-Lapps, i. 61, 190, 204, 205, 207, 218, 220-32; ii. 269
Reinel, Pedro, map by, ii. 321, 322, 358, 364, 370, 371, 374, 376, 377
Rheims mappamundi in MS. of Mela, ii. 282-3
Rhipæan, or Riphæan, Mountains, i. 13, 16, 79, 81, 88, 89, 98, 101, 128, 189, 190, 191, 194, 200; ii. 223
Riant, Paul, ii. 55
Ribero, Diego, map of 1529, ii. 315, 335, 356, 357, 359
Rietz, i. 373
Rimbertus, i. 167
Rink, H., ii. 8, 69, 70, 71, 106
Rock-carvings, Scandinavian, i. 236-41, 245
Rodulf, Norwegian king, i. 129, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 143, 147
Roger II., Norman king of Sicily, ii. 202, 203
Rohde, E., ii. 57, 58, 234
Rök-stone, The, i. 138, 148
Rolf of Raudesand, i. 264, 315
Romerike, i. 136
Romsdal, i. 136, 137, 147
Rördan, Holger (Monumenta Historiæ Danicæ), ii. 129
Ross, H., i. 341, 352; ii. 13, 171
Rudimentum Novitiorum, Map in, ii. 32; geography in, ii. 189
Rûm (Eastern and Central Europe), ii. 197, 209, 211
Rûs (Scandinavians in Russia), ii. 196, 197, 198, 199
Rusbeas, or Rubeas, promontory, i. 99-100, 102
Russia (see also Bjarmeland), i. 185, 187, 188, 191, 214, 383; ii. 141, 143, 164, 174, 195, 196, 197, 206
Ruste, Ibn, ii. 146, 198
Ruysch’s map (1508), i. 262; ii, 289
Rydberg, Viktor, i. 156, 158
Ryger (Ruger, Rugii), i. 136, 138, 147, 179, 209, 246
Rygh, K., i. 173, 304, 323, 324, 369
Rygh, O., i. 304, 324, 374; ii. 211
Rymbegla, i. 188, 249, 287, 322, 335; ii. 11, 167, 170, 239, 240, 256, 260, 263, 264, 271, 272
Sabalingii, i. 72, 118
Sævo, Mons, (or Suevus), i. 85, 101, 102
Sa’id, Ibn, ii. 177, 208-9
Sailing-directions, Icelandic, i. 262, 285, 288, 290; ii. 166, 168-71, 261
St. John, Island of, on sixteenth-century maps, ii. 320-1, 377
St. John, Valley of, New Brunswick, i. 335; ii. 3, 5
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, ii. 68
Sallust, i. 349; ii. 183, 186; “Sallust map” at Geneva, ii. 282, 283
Samoyeds, i. 212, 223; ii. 143, 146, 175
Samson Fagre’s Saga, ii. 172
Sanali (long-eared), i. 91, 92
San-Marte, i. 365
Santa Cruz, Alonso de, ii. 332
Sanudo, Marino, ii. 222-5, 227, 262, 272, 282
Sargasso Sea, i. 40
Sarmatia, Sarmatians (Slavs), i. 87, 91, 95, 97, 101, 109, 113, 120, 170
Sars, J. E., i. 234, 258
Säve, P. A., i. 374
Savolotchie (the country on the Dvina), ii. 141-2
Saxo Grammaticus, i. 193, 206, 355, 364; ii. 101, 147, 165-6, 221, 222-3, 224, 227, 238, 242, 258, 259, 263
Saxons, i. 145, 153, 154, 180, 235, 242, 245
“Scadinavia,” or “Scatinavia,” i. 93, 101, 102-4, 105, 155, 156
“Scandia” (“Scandza”), i. 102-4, 106, 107, 119, 120, 130-1, 136, 142-4, 153, 155; ii. 254, 257
Scandinavia, regarded as a peninsula, i. 185; ii. 222; as an island, ii. 186, 188, 225; representation of, in mediæval cartography, ii. 221-5, 227, 234-6, 250, 258-69, 285, 286; geography of, in Northern writers, ii. 237-9
Schafarik, i. 185
Schanz, M., i. 83
Schiern, F., i. 191
Schirmer, G., ii. 44
Schlaraffenland, i. 352
Schliemann, H., i. 24
Schönnerböl, ii. 152, 153
Schoolcraft, H. R., ii. 7
Schrader, O., i. 24, 34, 36
Schröder, C., i. 360; ii. 9, 19, 43, 44, 50
Schübeler, Prof., ii. 5
Schuchhardt, C., i. 14
Schultz-Lorentzen, ii. 73
Sciringesheal (Skiringssal), i. 179, 247
Scirri (Skirer), i. 101, 179, 247
Scisco, Dr. L. D., ii. 43
Scolvus, Johannes, ii. 129-33
Scotland, i. 161; ii. 204; Pytheas in, i. 53-6; in mediæval cartography, ii. 221, 257
Scottish runners, Karlsevne’s, i. 321, 324-5, 337, 339-43; ii. 65
Scythia, Scythians, i. 13, 16, 19, 20, 23, 69, 70, 71, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 114, 153, 154, 185, 187
Sealand, i. 93, 94, 103, 105, 138; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 254, 255, 257, 265
Seals, Sealing, i. 177, 216-9, 224, 276-8, 286-7, 299, 300; ii. 72, 91, 97, 155, 156, 165, 173, 243
“Sea-lung,” i. 66-7
Sébillot, P., i. 377
Seippel, Prof. Alexander, ii. 143, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211
Seleucus, i. 77
Semnones, i. 85
Sena, island off Brittany, i. 29, 356; ii. 32, 47
Seneca, i. 82, 84
Seres, Serica (China), ii. 262, 271
“Sermende” (== Sarmatians ?), i. 170
Sertorius, i. 349-50
Setälä, Prof. E., i. 219; ii. 175
Seven Cities, Isle of the, ii. 293, 295, 304, 325
Seven Sleepers, Legend of the, i. 20, 156, 284
Severianus, i. 127
Shetland Isles, i. 52-3, 57, 58, 67, 90, 106, 107, 117, 161, 163, 179, 192, 234, 257, 292, 374; ii. 207; in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 228, 266
Ship-burials, i. 239, 241
Ships, Egyptian, i. 7, 23, 235, 237, 242, 243; Greek, i. 48-9, 235, 237, 242, 243, 245; Phœnician, i. 35, 237, 243, 245; early Scandinavian, i. 110, 236-44; Viking, i. 236, 238, 241, 242, 243, 246-7; in Greenland, i. 305
Shîrazî, ii. 211-2
“Síd” (Irish fairies), i. 356, 371; ii. 16, 20, 45-6, 60
Sigurd Stefansson’s map of the North, ii. 7
Simonssön, Jón, i. 227
Sinclair, Legends of, in Norway, i. 339-41
Sindbad, i. 159; ii. 57, 234
Siret, L., i. 22, 24, 29
Sitones, i. 111-2
Skaði, Norse goddess, i. 103, 207
Skáld-Helga Rimur, i. 298-9, 300
Skåne, i. 72, 103, 104, 180; in mediæval cartography, ii. 221, 222, 235, 257, 258, 267, 285
Skaw, The, i. 85, 100, 105, 186; ii. 204
Ski-running, i. 149, 157, 158, 203, 223; ii. 139
Skolte-Lapps, i. 214, 220, 231
Skrælings, in Greenland, i. 260, 298, 308, 312, 327; ii. 17, 77-90, 101, 108, 111, 117; in Wineland, i. 260, 312, 313, 327-30, 368; ii. 6-11, 26, 60, 90-3, 206, 208; in Markland, i. 329; ii. 15, 19, 20, 92-3; in Helluland, ii. 35; originally mythical beings, ii. 11-20, 26, 60, 75-6; meaning of the word, ii. 13; called Pygmæi, ii. 12, 17, 75, 270
Skridfinns (Screrefennæ, Scrithifini, Rerefeni, Scritobini, Scride-Finnas, Scritefini), i. 131-2, 140, 143, 144, 149-50, 153-4, 156-7, 170, 189, 191, 194, 198, 203-8, 210, 221, 222, 223, 382; ii. 139, 192
Skull-measurements, of Scandinavians, i. 209, 211; of Lapps, i. 219-20; of Eskimo, ii. 67
Slavs (see also Sarmatians), i. 167, 188, 208, 209, 210; ii. 142, 143, 197, 198
Sleswick, i. 70, 72, 101, 119, 179, 180; ii. 202, 204
Sluggish sea, outside the Pillars of Hercules, and in the North, i. 38, 40-1, 68, 83, 100, 108, 112-3, 130, 165
Smith Sound, i. 304, 306; ii. 71, 72, 73, 74
“Smörland” as a name for fairyland, i. 374
Snæbjörn, Galti, i. 264, 280
Snæfell (Greenland), i. 267, 308, 310
Snæfellsnes (Iceland), i. 257, 262, 267, 288, 290, 293, 294, 295
Snedgus and Mac Riagail, Voyage of, ii. 53-4
Snorre Sturlason, i. 270, 273; ii. 18, 64, 137, 239
Snorre Thorbrandsson, Wineland voyager, i. 313, 319, 320, 326, 327, 333
Söderberg, Prof. Sven, on Wineland, ii. 63-5
Solberg, Dr. O., i. 213, 214, 217, 219, 230, 306; ii. 72, 73, 103
Soleri map (1385), ii. 229
Solinus, C. Julius, i. 52, 55, 57, 64, 66, 99, 123, 126, 151, 160, 184, 189, 193, 348
Soncino, Raimondo di, Milanese Minister in London, ii. 296-7, 298, 301, 302, 303-5, 306, 307, 308, 309, 312, 314, 316, 323
Sörensen, S. A., i. 179
Spain, tin in, i. 23, 31; suggested origin of the name of, i. 380; Viking raids in, ii. 199, 200
Spherical form of the earth, Doctrine of, i. 11, 97, 126, 127, 151, 194, 199; ii. 185, 247
Spies, in land of Canaan, i. 339
Spitzbergen, i. 248; ii. 165, 168, 170, 172, 173, 179, 238
Steensby, H. P., ii. 69, 70
Steenstrup, Japetus, i. 172
Steenstrup, Johannes, ii. 161, 162
Stenkyrka (Gotland), Stone from, i. 239, 243
Stjórn (Norwegian version of Old Testament), i. 338; ii. 4
Stokes, Whitley, i. 357
Storm, Gustav, i. 132, 174, 196, 218, 228, 254, 255, 260, 284, 285, 292, 301, 305, 313, 314, 317, 321, 322, 324, 329, 333, 369; ii. 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 35, 36, 43, 47, 48, 75, 79, 82, 86, 90, 93, 99, 100, 101, 107, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 129, 131, 136, 137, 141, 147, 150, 153, 158, 167, 168, 229, 235, 237, 240, 242, 249, 250, 256, 257, 258, 262, 267, 268, 270, 272, 279, 289, 294
Stow, John, Chronicle, ii. 333
Strabo, i. 14, 15, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80-2, 87, 111, 112, 161, 187, 349; ii. 47, 75, 160, 201