Chapter IV

SHELBYVILLE, INDIANA.

I am indebted to Mrs. Prof. Harrison for the following facts:

On the 20th of January, 1874, a number of earnest, devoted women first made their appearance on our public square, to prosecute the glorious work of the Crusade. It is true, faithful men had been engaged in the cause forty or fifty years previous to this; and a noble work they had done, both for temperance and religion. We would honor the names of the workers in such a blessed cause.

During this time various societies had sprung into existence. First, there was the Total Abstinence Society; then the Washingtonians; next the Good Templars, and so on.

But all this time women, for the most part, remained in the background, hoping and praying at home, and in their closets, for the success of the efforts of their faithful husbands and brothers.

But previous to the opening of the Crusade, things grew very dark and discouraging to some of the wives and mothers in Shelbyville; and, hearing of the success of their sisters in Ohio, they resolved to ascertain whether Indiana liquor men had yielding consciences like those of Ohio. So, after careful and prayerful consideration, a mothers’ meeting was called, to determine what had best be done. No one but those who were present at that meeting could conceive how wonderfully they were encouraged to go to work, trusting in the Lord for success. It seemed as if they had an inspiration from Heaven for their great undertaking. At a meeting of the Good Templars, held the next evening, some of the gentlemen present suggested that a committee of ladies be appointed to visit an individual who was talking of opening a new saloon, never dreaming that out of this the Women’s Crusade would commence in Indiana. Volunteers were called for, and ten Christian ladies offered their services. The next morning all met at the house of a devoted sister; and there, in solemn, fervent prayer, invoked Divine aid.

From this fact it will be seen that they did not go out under improper excitement, or without calm and deliberate consideration. The rain was pouring down freely, but this did not deter them: in fact, they thought it was a suitable time for cold water workers. Accordingly, a speaker for the occasion was appointed, and the roll called, and all fell into line to visit the individual referred to. They met with good success. The man’s heart was touched to tenderness. They were then assured that God was in the work; and a proposition was made to visit another place where liquor was sold in great quantities. At once the proposition was acceded to. And, if there be such a place as Pandemonium on earth, that certainly was the place. More than a dozen men were drinking at the bar, as we entered. Two or three were past walking, and they lay on a table, dead-drunk. With those more sober, religious conversation was held, and we trust that the faithful words spoken that morning produced good that eternity alone will reveal.

The ladies now resolved to visit every saloon in the place, which was accordingly done. That night, we believe, but few families offered prayer who did not remember the ladies on their mission of love and mercy. All Christians were in sympathy with this wonderful work of God, and encouraged true Christian women to labor for the suppression of the gigantic evil of intemperance. Soon they had a host of co-workers—about two hundred were added to the number. They were encouraged by numbers of noble Christian men, coming forward with their money and influence to assist in the work of reformation. The ladies continued earnestly laboring in the cause.

The first saloon which surrendered was converted into a union chapel, and about seventy-five ladies marched, in line, from one of the churches to the new place of worship.

Language would fail if I should attempt to describe the scene. Suffice it to say, a low, wretched, sin-cursed saloon was turned into a temple of prayer and praise; and a sweet little girl living there wished those ladies would sing and pray all the time—it was so much pleasanter than cursing and quarrelling.

But I must refer to one earnest minister who spoke on that occasion: I mean a lady minister. Crowds of hard-drinking men were her audience in the room, and on the sidewalk were other crowds witnessing the scene, all listening to her eloquent appeals. This sister said she had a talented brother, whom to know was but to love, and yet, notwithstanding his noble and generous nature, he fell a victim to the vice of intemperance; and she was certain, if he could only come out of his grave, he would most faithfully warn every one, of the terrible evil, and most earnestly beseech all to sign the pledge, never, never to touch intoxicating drink. But this could not be permitted; and she felt it her imperative duty to do all in her power to promote the blessed work of temperance amongst those around her as neighbors and friends. She then poured forth a stream of eloquent Christian words, such as few had ever heard before. Surely the Spirit of God was in that wonderfully changed place at that solemn hour. The work went on with varied success for several months, and a number of inebriates were reformed, who have stood firm to this day, and the friends of the cause were strengthened in the faith.

We ought to add that the saloon which was closed was used for prayer-meetings and a reading-room, until it passed into other hands, when the temperance society moved to one of the churches, where the meetings have been held ever since. Several meetings have been held in different parts of the county, at which excellent addresses have been delivered and powerful appeals made, and an amount of good done which we have not space to relate. A great many meetings have also been held in our city, which have been addressed by Governor Cumback, Mr. Baxter, and other distinguished speakers from abroad, as well as several at home. Among the home speakers we would refer to the late Judge Wright, a man who was well skilled in argument, had a fluent speech, and, moreover, was never ashamed to avow his sentiments. If all lawyers and men of talent had the independence and moral heroism that he had, in a very short time the death-blow would be given to intemperance, and our glorious country, nay, the whole world, would be forever free from its terrible and demoralizing influence.

The society is now working under the Womens’ Christian Temperance Union, of Indiana, praying for the suppression of intemperance, visiting drunkards’ families, circulating pledges, and canvassing for signatures to petitions to send to legislative bodies. Over one thousand names have been sent last winter and this, praying that something may be done effectually for the destruction of this great national evil. Many persons that frowned and spoke unpleasantly a year or two ago, when asked this year, would sign gladly, and express the wish that the dreadful business was stopped at once and forever. And now we hail with joy the district convention in our midst, attended by such talented Christian women to assist us. And we fervently hope during the coming year that many more Christian ladies will join our society, and unite their influence with ours for the entire removal of the greatest evil that now curses our land. We are aware that there are some persons who are opposed to this work, especially as carried on by the women; but if the Saviour, our great Exemplar, could approve of women working, and even commend them for their efforts to do good, we feel perfectly safe in going forward in His name. He that is for us is more than all that can be against us. To Him be all the glory.

I gather from newspapers published at the time, the following additional facts:

Shelbyville contained one large distillery of “Corn Whiskey,” a brewery of poor ale, five doggeries, licensed under the Baxter law, five drug stores, three unlicensed liquor shops, and three or four houses of ill-fame, a total of public places of drunkenness of nineteen or twenty. The principal liquor family in town bears the name of Deprez. They came from Cincinnati about twenty years ago, and have grown rich selling liquor. Three of the principal licensed doggeries are run by two brothers and a sister of this family. The old stock were German Presbyterians in faith. “Gus” (as he is familiarly called) keeps the original establishment opposite the I. C. & L. Railroad depot. George had a substantial brick concern on the public square, and their sister, and her husband, Silas Metzer, are located on a principal street, adjoining the Baptist Church.

Robertson & Nickum had a wholesale liquor house and dram shop beside. Robertson was the county treasurer lately, and belongs to a reputable family. Gid. Keck is the remaining licensed keeper. Captain Maze and O’Conner had the principal unlicensed rum depots.

The ladies made daily visits to these places. The first of these visits was made by about a dozen elderly and middle-aged ladies.

At Metzer’s they were met with insulting language and impertinence. George Deprez denied them admittance. Robertson, of the firm of Robertson & Nickum, treated them very rudely and contemptuously.

No more visits were made for four days. During that time, however, the ladies were getting organized, and when they again went out they were led by Mrs. Elliott, and were about fifty strong. They again visited George Deprez; this time they were very kindly received and were invited in, and held a prayer-meeting, but could get no one to sign the pledge.

The saloon of Maze was visited. They were admitted and found about a dozen men in the saloon. They were a motley crew. One or two bore lingering traces of former intelligent manhood. Others were the sad pitiable wrecks of alcoholic poison. Not one had reached middle life. They held their prayer-meeting, and before they left every man was in tears, and the proprietor gave a conditional promise to surrender. The second visit to this place Captain Maze signed the pledge and gave up the business. He went into another business, and his place became the head-quarters for the Crusaders.

They organized under the following pledge:

“We, the undersigned ladies of Shelbyville and vicinity, do hereby organize ourselves into a league, to be called the Women’s Temperance Union, for the purpose of suppressing the liquor traffic, and we solemnly pledge ourselves to use all just and honorable means in our power to accomplish this object.”

Among the hundred names signed to this paper are those of Mrs. Elliott, wife of the President of the First National Bank, Mrs. Judge Wright, Mrs. Rev. G. P. Jenkins, Mrs. Dr. Green, Mrs. Professor Harrison, Mrs. Dr. Robins, Mrs. Dr. Parrish, Mrs. Dr. Clayton, Mrs. Thompson, Mrs. Hattie Robbins, Mrs. Sprague, Mrs. Lide Shaw, Mrs. Cumback, Mrs. Geo. H. Dunn, Mrs. Jeffras, and others.

JEFFERSONVILLE, INDIANA.

Mrs. Dr. Seymour furnishes the following interesting facts of the work in Jeffersonville:

At ten o’clock A. M., February 12th, 1874, about one hundred of the ladies of Jeffersonville met in Wall Street Sunday-school room, for the purpose of organizing a Women’s Temperance Union. After a statement of the object of the meeting, and a free discussion, an organization was effected. The following pledge was signed by a large number of the ladies present:

“We pledge ourselves to be at every meeting, if possible, and assist in this work of mercy. We also pledge ourselves to pray three times, daily, for this special work.”

At the afternoon session of the same day the following resolutions were presented and adopted:

“Whereas, We believe that a crisis has been reached, in which true popular sentiment demands the cessation of the liquor traffic; and, whereas, We have at heart the real interest of the seller, as well as the buyer of alcohol, therefore

“Resolved, 1. That we, the women of Jeffersonville, organize ourselves into a Women’s Temperance Union.

“2. That our object shall be, by moral suasion, to induce liquor-dealers to abandon their business, for their own welfare, and that of humanity; that, in our efforts, we will maintain an humble dependence upon Divine influence, knowing that without that we can do nothing.

“3. That, uniting our prayers, we will never cease pleading until our object is attained.

“4. That we invite the active co-operation of every true woman in the city, whether a Christian or not; and that we ask the prayers and moral support of all good men.”

It was resolved that the officers of this Women’s Temperance Union be constituted an Executive Committee, who shall have the direction of the movements in which we are engaged, seven of whom shall constitute a quorum.

Notwithstanding a blinding storm of rain, which continued all the afternoon, a large number of ladies assembled in Johnson’s Hall the next day, February 13th, to perfect further the work of the organization. A greater part of the time was spent in fervent prayer, for the presence and guidance of the Holy Spirit in the difficult work we had undertaken, and the comforting assurance was given to many hearts that the Lord of Hosts was with us.

It was resolved to hold a secret session on the following day at Wall Street Church, to which none but members of the Union should be admitted. By this time, one hundred and fourteen ladies had signified their intention to engage in the active work of the Union, by signing the pledge before referred to.

As agreed, the Union met on the afternoon of February 14th. After a short season of solemn prayer, in which every soul was stilled, as in the visible presence of God, the officer presiding said: “During the silent watches of the night, while engaged in prayer, the conviction had come to her, that we ought to begin active work at once.” Several others said they had been similarly impressed. The president then read Matt. x. 32, 33—“Whosoever, therefore, shall confess me before men, him will I confess, also, before my Father which is in heaven; but whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven”—immediately following it with the request that every lady who was willing to go to the saloons to hold meetings, and go at once, would rise to their feet. Over sixty responded. We were soon formed in line, and silently and solemnly we went forth, with trembling but trustful hearts.

By the time we reached our first point of attack, Stauss’ saloon, the alarm had spread, every door and window was bolted and barred, and a rabble waiting in front to receive us. In response to our knock, the barkeeper appeared, trembling and as white as a ghost, and said Mr. Stauss had gone over the Falls, and he could admit no one in his absence. Here we held our first street prayer-meeting, amid the angry taunts of the crowd assembled to intimidate us.

From here we passed on to Font’s, one of the largest saloons, and the only one in the city kept by a native American. Here we were received with a show of politeness, and invited in; but, as the event proved, only with the purpose of heaping upon us every indignity they dared offer. The sale of liquors never ceased for a moment; rude, half-drunken men crowded about us, with oaths and songs, attempting to drown the voice of prayer and praise.

By the time we reached Klispie’s, the fashionable drinking-place of the town, we were surrounded by an angry mob. Here we were invited to enter, which we did, and began our prayer-meeting. We could not kneel, for the crowd pressed so closely upon us; our voices were drowned in the terrible din; barrels of beer were broken open, and their contents distributed; glasses, when emptied, were thrown up in the air, and came down upon the counter or floor with a deafening crash; the barkeeper sprang upon the counter, and led in a ribald song, in which his companions joined him; men beat upon the doors and empty beer barrels, and yelled with rage; they glared upon us with eyes full of deadly hate, but they dared not touch a hair of our heads, or a thread of our garments, for God was around and about us as a wall of fire: we felt as safe and secure as we ever did sitting about our own quiet firesides—a new and wonderful sense of our Father’s protecting care over us, came to us as we worshipped amid that pandemonium; and as we passed out, unharmed, feelings akin to those experienced by the Hebrew children, as they emerged from the fiery furnace, stirred our breasts.

We returned to the church, to bow in humble gratitude before Him who had been our Guide.

Such was the history of the first day’s work among the saloons. Days, and weeks, and even months passed, in which these scenes were repeated, though rarely were the powers of darkness so rampant as on this first day.

On Monday morning, February 16th, we visited a number of the saloons again. We were not expected, and held our meetings without any disturbance. In the afternoon we held a praise and prayer-meeting, while a mob of five thousand people, who had gathered from our neighboring city, Louisville, raged with disappointment without. The street about the church was so crowded that our policemen were obliged to clear a way for those who wished to enter or leave the meeting. Hour after hour they waited for the Crusaders to appear, until the darkness of coming night drove them home.

The heart experiences of those days can never be told. We walked with God. His presence made it light all about us; we knew the blessedness of being reviled and persecuted for Christ’s sake; the most timid among us grew strong and brave enough to bear any cross, and we all felt it was sweet not only to work, but to suffer for His sake.

As the result of the first month’s work, all the druggists of the city signed the druggists’ pledge; all the physicians but two signed pledges to use liquor in their practice in cases of emergency only.

Total abstinence pledges had been generally signed. There was such an awakening upon the subject of temperance as was never known before. The liquor traffic was reduced at least sixty per cent. Ninety-one street and saloon meetings had been held. Though no saloon had been closed, most cheering moral results had been attained, and the workers felt that their labor had not been in vain.

Efforts were made by the saloon-keepers to bring the law to bear upon us, to prevent our holding street meetings. With this in view, Judge Bicknell, of the Circuit Court, published a card, stating, among other things, that “Mob law enforced by women is no better than mob law enforced by men. Also, no crowd has a right to assemble in a man’s place of lawful business to interrupt that business by praying, or anything else. Further, that violation of natural or social rights, if encouraged, generally end in riot and bloodshed.”

On Saturday, March 28th, the only American saloon-keeper in the town signed the pledge and closed his saloon.

In September, we held a Martha Washington tea party, which brought $325 into our treasury. A large part of this was expended in securing temperance speakers from abroad to assist us at our mass-meetings, which were inaugurated at the beginning of our work, and held semi-weekly for a year and a half.

On June 9th, the Secretary of the Union made the following record:

Since February 12th, the Ladies’ Temperance Union of Jeffersonville has held 152 street prayer-meetings, beside a large amount of committee work done, visiting saloons, offering pledges, conversing with saloon-keepers, trying to persuade them to give up their unholy business, and in many instances praying with and for them.

When the Union commenced its work, there were forty-two places in the city where liquor was sold. One saloon has closed, and several others been compelled to cease selling. We have circulated pledges in every ward in the city, and in most of the wards have secured the names of a majority of the voters against signing permits for license. We feel that for three months, at least, we have tried earnestly to work for the advancement of the cause of Christ, and to hasten the coming of His kingdom. We feel that we have received rich supplies of grace day by day, as we have gone forth to work in this vineyard, and humbly trust our works may prove a blessing to our city, and to the cause for which we are laboring.

A week or two later, one of the leading lawyers of the city stated publicly that there were eight times as many cases in the city court in the same length of time in 1873 as in 1874. He attributed this fact to the womans’ movement; it spoke for itself; he had had but two fees in a month.

We continued our saloon work at intervals during the winter, generally visiting them in committees of three or more.

Temperance literature was secured and distributed broadcast. Much was accomplished by individual effort. Our last visit to the saloons was made March 5th, 1875, after which date our Union ceased to exist as an active organization. A large part of our members have since identified themselves with the Ribbon Club, or other similar organizations, and are engaged in temperance work in some way.

Last Saturday there was a meeting called for the purpose of reorganizing our Union.

A VOICE FROM THE PRISON HOUSE.

Jeffersonville, Indiana.

Mrs. Wittenmeyer:—Your astonishment will doubtless be great at receiving this letter, when I tell you it is from a convict. Your excellent paper (The Christian Woman) has reached me by the hands of Mrs. B. F. Osborn, who sometimes visits this prison as a missionary. Your paper has been a bright light in a dark cell, by pointing me to the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sins of the world. I have nothing stirring to communicate—stern realities pertaining to the welfare of the soul demand my utmost attention. To take one glance at the 537 uniformed convicts, filing into the dining-room in long, sad lines, and to know that this mass of thieves, murderers, and adepts in all kinds of villany, owe their condition remotely or immediately to the thousand-toothed demon called the worm of the still, is a temperance lecture more eloquent than ever thrilled an audience of Gough, Malloy, or Benson. And I am one of them. Oh, how it makes my heart ache to realize this awful fact. Never can I wrap myself in the shroud of oblivion. As I look back upon my past life, it seems to be a cesspool of iniquity; a trackless desert, inhabited only by the spirits of past opportunities; an ocean of the soul, wrapt in all the horrors of Stygian darkness; and swept incessantly with the dread simooms of remorse.

I am but a youth, comparatively speaking; but my life has been a life of dissipation. I have seen and felt enough of intemperance to make me regard it with detestation.

This confinement has been a God’s blessing to me. Liberty is sweet, friends are dear, but if I knew that I had to live my past life over, I would rather remain here the remainder of my days. Please remember me kindly in your prayers. Now, may God bless you, and your labor, above all I can ask or think, is the humble and sincere prayer of

A. S. J.

CHESTERTOWN, INDIANA.

I am indebted to Mrs. C. S. Jones for the following facts:

About the first week in March, 1874, we organized our first Crusade band. We met at the M. E. Church several days, before we ventured out on the street. We were few in number; only twenty-two at first, but our number increased. There was a mighty work before us, for our town was of whiskey-birth; as the first erection was a whiskey-barrel, then a house, then a saloon.

When we organized, there were five places where intoxicating drinks could be had in our little village, and three up the railroad at the next station. Some said, “You will never see the day when there will not be a saloon in Chestertown,” but we all did. In connection with the band, we held two meetings a week, in which we obtained signers to the pledge.

We conducted our meetings in the way that the M. E. Church does its love-feasts. We did not send off for help, but went at it ourselves, and by the aid of the great Helper we succeeded in closing six saloons, two drug stores, and one place where they sold in connection with their groceries. This was completed in six weeks. So Chestertown led the van in Porter county.

There were some amusing circumstances connected with our work, which, perhaps, will be interesting to some of our readers. When we first met, some said, we had better wait until they get through at Valparaiso, and get them to come and help us; but the Spirit said work, and we could not wait, not knowing how long we should have to wait. And as they appointed me as their leader, I thought, perhaps, it would be best to visit Valparaiso, and learn their method of work. So I started, and leaving the depot, walked up-town, and there were the faithful Christian temperance women at the door of a saloon, praying and singing, with hearts full of love for their fellow-creatures. A hearty welcome was given, and for two days we worked together.

Returning home with still stronger convictions, we went to work in earnest, but some said, “Remember, I have no faith,” and others, “I will join if you will not go out on the street;” consequently, we had to move slowly at first, until their courage arose. As I told them we were not going in the street until we got ready, we did not, but after meeting a few times, they were all ready, and we started, and, as in other cases, the very dogs were ready to help, for as one of the number owned a nice, white dog, it took the lead, and as we walked the street, it advanced of its own accord, and cleared the way. It was amusing to see it, and as we desired solemnity, it required no little effort to suppress laughter. Thus we passed down Main street, and back to the church, everybody running to see us.

Each day we met, we tried to take the saloonists by surprise, and often did. We had articles of agreement drawn for the different dealers in the traffic, and finally presented them, and they were duly signed, although it took much persuading to get it done. In one instance, the owner of the property that was rented for a saloon, threatened to take hold of the keeper for the rent, but the Lord softened his heart, and he relented; he said he would put his beer in the cellar, and drink it himself, and when that was gone he would get more; if he could not get it in America, he would send across the ocean.

But this man’s family were all, except one, stricken down by disease, and lay near death, himself dying, so he did not live to drink the beer. I hope the Lord had mercy on his soul, for his wife told me (as I visited her in their affliction), that he thought he should not live, and that he read his Bible constantly, as long as he could, and he requested Mr. Jones to visit him, which he did, reading the consoling promises to him, and conversing with him; he stated that his trust was in Jesus.

After we had closed all the saloons, some proposed to have this poison delivered at their cellars by means of a beer-wagon driven by one of the distillers of Valparaiso. This way of evading the law they thought would match us. Luckily, we espied the first arrival. We were at the church. Those who had made their previous purchase were not at home, and as their wives belonged to the temperance band, they were forbidden to leave it, and they were defeated. At other places they left the beer if they were enough in advance of the band.

However, we did not get discouraged. We resolved that the first one that saw the beer-wagon was to ring the church-bell, and no matter what we were doing, or at what hour, we were to run to the rescue. One morning ring, ring, ring; louder and louder pealed forth the call from the old bell. True to our resolution, we all ran. The old, gray-haired grandmother, the maid, and the children (for we were drilling our daughters). We met and followed the beer-wagon, now up one street, then down an alley; lifting up our banner in the name of the Lord, and He helped us to triumph.

The driver had started very early, even before breakfast, and we gave him no peace; he had to retreat, and go back to Valparaiso. A gentleman coming from Valparaiso said that he saw him, and tried to get him to come back, and take a load of carpenters with him: his reply was, “I would not go back to Chestertown for a thousand dollars.”

This is what became of the travelling saloon, but the driver fell into the hands of the Lord; for death followed close at his heels.

A German kept liquor in the house where he kept the post-office, and he said that he never would give up to these “vimmens.” But we found the quickest way to get a German to yield was to get at his money. He had violated the law, the officials arrested him, and they told him if he would sign the women’s paper, and not sell any more, and give them his license, they would pardon him; so rather than lose his money, he said: “Send dem vimmens, and I will sign der bapers.” They brought him to my house, and he was glad to sign our papers, and give us his liquor license, which we keep as a proof of the work we had done.

It was common for saloon-keepers to make threats, but we often found that they were the greatest cowards, and they were the most easily overcome when approached in the right way. One at Porter said that he would shoot us, and his wife said she would scald us, but two of us went to the saloon, and he gave us his license and signed our papers without any trouble. Thus we closed our work at home and vicinity. Then the Macedonian cry came from Lake, Miller, Hobert, and other stations, “Come over and help us.” As we felt it to be our duty, we said we would come. As Lake was first in order, we sent them an appointment, a band-meeting in the day, and mass-meeting at night. The day arrived; four of us went up in the morning, organized the band the best we could. In the evening there were about twenty members of our society left the train, and were met by the best of the citizens, and escorted to tea, after which we repaired to the school-house for mass-meeting. We opened our meeting, as usual, with reading of the Scripture and devotions, and singing by our temperance glee club. During the speaking the opposite party made quite a noise, and finally it was almost a mob. Some became frightened, but we kept them quiet as possible. We offered them a chance to defend their cause, but they did not seem to be disposed to do so.

When they found that they could not break up our meeting, some left the house and joined the rabble out-doors, firing guns, and groaning to make us think some one was hurt, and thus cause us to leave. But we had met to hold a temperance meeting, and we did. When we were ready we circulated the pledge, and obtained about thirty names, several of whom were drunkards. Several signed because they saw the effects of liquor, and were ashamed of their party, and I am happy to say, that in returning to the cars none were hurt, although the roughs escorted them to the train with tin cans,—anything that would make a noise. But one of their own company met them at the depot, drew his coat, and ordered them to let the temperance folks alone, throw down their clubs, and behave themselves as they ought to. This ended our first day and night’s work at Lake Station. However, our Crusade band did not all go; several stayed until the next day, to assist in getting into working order the newly organized band.

According to appointment we met, and started out to visit the drinking-saloons. First, we obtained the signature of the keeper of the hotel. While our committee were in, the rest stood on the sidewalk singing; a train arrived, and the train hands seeing them there, left the train, secured clubs, and marched toward the band, swinging and flourishing them, but, as the women sang on and stood firm, they slackened their pace, dropped their clubs, and returned to the railroad again. One more victory achieved, with renewed strength we proceeded to the next place, it being a saloon. The wife met us at the door. We told her we wished to see her husband. She said he was sick. We mistrusted what ailed him, and said we would come in. She opened the door, and we went in. He seemed frightened; he finally said he would re-ship his liquor and quit.

He always got sick when the Crusade came around. As this station had so hard a name, the temperance people had sent for an officer from Crown Point to guard us; and he, having arrived, went with us to the next saloon. It being the hardest place in town, some advised us not to go, as they considered it not safe, but we went, our guard at our side. The saloon-keeper was not at home; his wife was up-stairs, and talked to us out of the window. In the adjoining lot there was an old house filled with men, but no harm was done us. We did not succeed at this place in closing all the saloons, as we could not stay, and the band at this town met with things that they thought they could not overcome; yet there was a good work done, and many saved. We held other mass-meetings at this place, but were not disturbed.

Our next point was Hobart. We organized a band in the Methodist Episcopal Church, held a mass-meeting at night, had an interesting meeting, and obtained about thirty more names to the pledge, and left the work to them. There is one thing that should not be overlooked, and that is: the first year not one of our company died, but five of our opposers were suddenly stricken down. Different ones sent me word, on their dying beds, that they were wrong, and the temperance folks were right. I felt to say, “The Lord called, but ye would not hearken.” There were about five hundred signed our temperance pledge.

THORNTOWN, INDIANA.

Caroline E. Haworth furnishes the following facts:

The tidal wave which struck Thorntown, the 16th of March, 1874, was preceded by the Holy Spirit, or perhaps the Awakening Angel, who visited some three or four of our number.

Never shall I forget one night about midnight, when I was aroused from my slumber, as if some one was shaking my pillow, and I heard a voice, an audible voice, saying: “What hast thou done for me? I have died for thee,” and a mighty trembling seized my whole being, for I knew it was the voice of the Lord. The words were repeated; I became alarmed; upon being asked what was the matter, I repeated what I had heard, and said I did not know but the Lord was going to send me away as a missionary or something, I did not know what; I could not sleep, I was in such terrible agony: I tried to say, “Lord, Thy will be done, not mine,” but my rebellious heart would not surrender. The next night the whole scene was re-enacted, then I partially surrendered, telling the Lord, I would do what I could, for I felt I could endure it no longer, and he knew me altogether, and would not require more of me than I was able to perform.

The next night Mrs. Henderson, in a meeting, related a similar experience, and said she had promised the Lord she would go to a drug store, which was selling intoxicating liquors, and offer up prayer, and if there was a sister in the house who would go with her, she would please rise: four arose to their feet. Night came and six Christian mothers might have been seen wending their way down the street to the drug store. A hymn was first sung, then all knelt down by the door. Mrs. Henderson led in prayer, then Mrs. Hines. After singing another appropriate verse, Mrs. Milhouse, of precious memory, with pale, earnest, upturned face, in a solemn, truthful manner, pleaded that God would hear and answer His children.

On leaving the place the proprietor said he wished it distinctly understood, that we were “not to come again on these steps; you profess to be sent here by the Spirit of God, but I think your God is in h—l.” At that the hissing crowd rushed around him, while these timid women walked quietly away, nothing daunted, believing it was better to obey God rather than man. The next night the little band numbered twenty, and repaired to the place and knelt just off of the pavement down in the snow, and there supplicated a throne of grace. The third night the praying band had increased to about fifty, the crowd still increasing in proportion.

Not only the town people, but for miles around in the country, the people came to see and hear.

A daily prayer-meeting was held in one of the churches, for over one year; then a prayer-meeting was held every Thursday afternoon. Mass-meetings were held, public speakers engaged, remonstrances and pledges circulated, and the work kept on increasing and steadily advancing.

A Woman’s Christian Temperance Union was organized, with Mrs. Milhouse as President.

One of the leading spirits in this Crusade, a great sufferer from intemperance, one on whom the Spirit of God rested, was “Grandma Boyd.” She was instant in season and out of season, and being a natural orator, could fight the enemy hand-to-hand, and face to face; then, as she often expressed herself, mounting her light horse (which was her prayer charger), she would go direct to the great white Throne, and there with strong faith, take hold of the horns of the altar. At such times she seemed almost to bring heaven and earth together.

CRAWFORDSVILLE, INDIANA.

Miss Mary D. Naylor furnishes the following brief sketch of the temperance work done in Crawfordsville:

In the winter of 1874, when the ‘Woman’s Crusade’ began in Ohio, and spread over the State like a wave of the sea, the women of Indiana watched and waited for the results with intense interest. And, with ‘bated breath,’ said one to another, “What if this ‘tidal wave’ rolls over into Indiana! Are we ready for it? And have we not as much reason for this work as our sisters of Ohio? Have we not saloons in our midst, and is not the liquor traffic bringing ruin and desolation to many homes? And is not this the ‘call of God’ to the women of our land to put away this evil from us?”

A mass-meeting of the temperance people of the city of Crawfordsville was called to meet in Centre Presbyterian Church, at three o’clock P. M., March 11th, 1874. This “call” was largely responded to, by the ministers of the various churches, and the leading men and women of the city.

The meeting was called to order, and opened by singing the hymn, “All hail the power of Jesus’ name,” followed by a fervent prayer for God’s blessing upon the work, by Rev. R. F. Caldwell—and then the beautiful song, “Shining Shore,” was sung. Rev. John Safford, pastor of the church, assured us of his hearty co-operation in the work; and gave as a motto, “Push things,” as one worthy to be accepted as our battle-cry in this great and glorious work of exterminating the liquor traffic, never forgetting that in God is our strength and help.

A Woman’s Christian Temperance Union was organized that day, with the following officers elect:

Mrs. Joseph Milligan, President; Mrs. Maria L. Naylor, Vice-President, 1st Ward; Mrs. Wm. Enoch, Vice-President, 2d Ward; Mrs. Dr. Purviance, Vice-President, 3d Ward; Mrs. J. P. Campbell, Treasurer; Miss Mary D. Naylor, Secretary.

This official force, with the many earnest Christian men and women ready for work, met often in the various churches (which were freely opened to them), for prayer and counsel, as to the best methods for furthering our cause. It was not deemed best to “Crusade” on the streets; but to avail ourselves of the Baxter law, (local option,) and prosecute the cases in our courts. Whenever petitions were presented for license, to file a remonstrance, and with proper witnesses to testify as to the “moral character,” etc., of the applicant; with our temperance men and women present in the court-room, an unprecedented influence was thus brought to bear, and one case after another defeated. In fact not one of the many applicants received license.

Much good was done in this way—not only by shutting up the saloons, and preventing the opening of new ones, but also by the building up of a public sentiment on the subject of temperance, and a stirring up of the temperance element, and bringing to a decided opinion many who heretofore were conservative, and had felt no individual responsibility in the matter.

Good Templar Lodges have been revived and increased by the labors of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, both in our city and throughout the county. Some saloon visiting was done; but not to any great extent. We worked in any and all ways, to overcome the enemy. We have been permitted to see men taken from the gutter, become sober, Christian men, “clothed and in their right mind,” who attribute their conversion to the efforts of the Christian temperance workers.

Eternity alone can reveal all the results. The “Crusade” is not dead, the work still goes on. That the “little leaven” will finally “leaven the whole lump,” is my unwavering faith.

Truly, “God moves in a mysterious way, His wonders to perform.”

EVANSVILLE, INDIANA.

The officers of the Union furnish the following facts: We have been called the Sevastopol of intemperance in comparison with other places in the State. Whether we deserved this name or not, it is a fact that intemperance prevailed to an alarming extent; and while its ravages were all around us, few seemed to realize the danger.

Some of our ladies had been reading of the Crusade work in other places, and were awakened to the subject, but were hesitating as to the expediency of inaugurating the work here, where we had such a mixed population, when the ministers, at their monthly meeting, drew up resolutions, calling upon the Christian women to take active steps in the matter. This decided them, even the doubting ones feeling they could not hold back, without being allied to the enemy.

Our first meeting was held March 14th, 1874, twelve churches being represented. After organizing, and electing officers, our first aggressive work was to enlist the various county officials, members of the bar, etc., by presenting a petition for their signatures, asking their sympathy and indorsement of the movement, and their co-operation in the enforcement of the existing temperance laws.

This petition was largely signed by the members of the bar, and it may also be a matter of surprise to know that our county commissioners were the first to put their names to the paper. But it is a fact, and stands out in strange contrast to the course they afterwards pursued. It clearly shows the wonderfully potent effect that mere personal interest, and political pressure, has upon our officials, to warp their better judgment, and turn them from their honest convictions.

As our work progressed, it seemed to shape itself more into a determination for the enforcement of the liquor law, and the toning up and educating of public sentiment, rather than saloon visitation and street-praying, as in many other places.

In accord with this fact, morning prayer-meetings were established, public mass-meetings were held, and a total abstinence and a voters’ pledge were circulated for signatures. In canvassing, our ladies had some racy as well as trying experiences. Some of our German women seemed to understand just enough of English to say, “No temperance! no temperance!” and I am sorry to say they were not the only ones, for some of our own people, yea, some of our church members, said the same thing, “No temperance!”

In the lower part of the city, as two of our ladies were out with pledges, they came near being mobbed. At first they were followed by one saloon-keeper only, who insisted on their buying him out. Soon he was joined by one and another of his companions, hooting and yelling as they went along. The ladies, becoming alarmed for their safety, rushed to the nearest friendly house for shelter, and there remained until the crowd dispersed.

In many places in the State, temperance workers found a vast amount of fraud practised, in the way the liquor petitions were gotten up. Names of persons long since dead, and of others living out of the ward, as well as of those who had never authorized such use of their signatures, were all found attached to these petitions. Thinking these irregularities might also exist here, our Union employed counsel to investigate the matter. On the assembling of the county commissioners on the first of June, a large number of ladies, attended by their legal advisers, appeared before them. One of our number offered a fervent prayer. Our President, Mrs. A. L. Crosby, addressed them, setting forth these irregularities, and asked that a thorough investigation might be made before granting any permits.

The following Friday was set for the hearing of the case, and in the meantime quite an excitement was stirred up. On Friday the commissioners found their own room too small, and adjourned to the one usually occupied by the Circuit Court, which was soon filled to overflowing.

After the morning session, as the ladies were leaving, they were met by an excited mob; and here I quote, as authority, from the Evening Herald of that date, as perhaps the description is more graphic than I can give:

“After rendering this decision, the commissioners adjourned till the afternoon. At half-past one, the audience, which had by this time increased to a great number, then left the court-room, and a great portion of them, mostly saloon-keepers and their patrons, stationed themselves along the aisles from the court-house to the sidewalk, through which it was supposed the ladies would have to pass.

“Judge Robinson was the first one to run the gauntlet, and his appearance was greeted with hisses and scoffs, some of the participants going so far as to push him rudely from one side to the other. Then the ladies prepared to make their exit; the buzz and clamor of the mob in the yard could be plainly heard. As they descended the stairs led by Rev. Mr. Webb, of Ingle Street Church, they saw the men, and desiring to escape them, they turned to make their exit through the side door opening to Main street.

“It was here that August Brauns, a man who, by some peculiar and unaccountable line of circumstances, has been awarded the responsible position of Deputy County Auditor, showed himself. He saw the movement the ladies were about to make, and hurriedly running to the door, cried out: ‘Here they go around this way.’ With a yell the mob started around in front.

“The ladies faltered, and dared not venture out into that yelling, hissing, scoffing mob, when suddenly our gallant sheriff, Add. Plafflin, sprang to the front, and cried out that he would see that those ladies were not hurt. Drawing his billy, he rushed into the street, and cried out, ‘Stand back or somebody will get hurt.’ The mob stopped, not a man moved. Held by the power of one man’s bravery this select assembly of transplanted American citizens, who a few moments ago had, with unparalleled bravery, bristled about a feeble gray-haired old man, and who an instant before were prepared to assault the ladies, stood speechless.

“In an instant the deputies had rallied to their chief; and under the protection of the corps, the ladies walked down Main street and dispersed to their homes.”

In the afternoon most of the ladies returned, and during the rest of the trial, which lasted several days, the number increased. At first we imagined we should have a fair and impartial hearing; everything was evidently in our favor. In one petition we found names omitted, but still numbered; names repeated several times. Thirteen swore positively, that they never authorized such use of their signatures, and when asked to do so had refused. Still, in the face of all this, these very petitions were granted. In fact it was a kind of a wholesale business, for as many as seventy permits were granted in one day.

It was remarked to the president of the board of commissioners, that he would be met on this question at the polls, and it is pleasant to know that he was met there at the late fall elections and defeated.

One of the inspired said, “When the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.” We find this as true to-day as it has been in all ages past.

Through the summer our weekly prayer-meetings were kept up. The subject of youth’s temperance societies was often under discussion, but deferred from time to time. In December, 1874, we circulated two petitions, one issued by the State Temperance Alliance; the other by the Ladies’ Temperance Union, of Indiana. Both of these petitions received a good number of signatures, and were presented to our Legislature, by Mrs. ex-Governor Wallace, of Indianapolis. We also circulated a memorial to Congress, asking for restrictive legislation in the District of Columbia, and the Territories.

This in brief is a summary of our first year’s work. The question has often been asked, What does all this effort and self-sacrifice amount to? That more prayer, more faith, and more zeal could have produced greater results, cannot be denied; still our efforts have not been in vain. Of this we are certain, though we may be unable to measure ultimate consequences. Some tempted souls have been led to form better resolutions, and our own children even, may have had their feet turned unto the right path by our efforts and examples.

The agitation and consequent discussion of this subject has awakened the public mind to the enormity of this evil, and many who were indifferent before, are earnest workers now. I am told that on last New Year’s day, most of our ladies, who were accustomed previously to entertain with wines, banished it entirely from their boards.

After our defeat before the county commissioners, as heretofore described, and the repeal of the Baxter law by the Legislature the following winter, the enemy felt that the temperance cause was entirely vanquished, and that they had the field. Many of our own number left us, and those who had never joined us seemed to feel a pleasure that they had never been mixed up with anything so unpopular. We saw there was no redress in human laws, and so appealed our case directly to the high court above, feeling assured the great Judge would not turn a deaf ear to our pleadings, but that in His own time, and His own way, would surely grant our petition. And so a temperance prayer-meeting was established, or rather continued; and for over two years this little band of sisters, often not more than enough to claim the promise, have met together and pleaded their cause.

In the meantime, several petitions and memorials were circulated and sent to the Central Society, at Indianapolis, to be presented to the Legislature, or to be forwarded on to Washington. It is an old saying that “the darkest hour is just before day,” and so it proved with us, for scarcely a glimmer of light shed its ray out over the midnight darkness.

In May of this year our President, Mrs. M. A. Ross, attended the annual meeting of the W. C. T. U. of Indiana, held in Richmond, and there met Mr. Bontacue, one of the leaders of the red ribbon movement. She came home enthused with the subject, and soon after presented the cause in her own church prayer-meeting, getting a response from one brother, that he could stand by her in case Mr. Bontacue should come. And so this faithful band of sisters came together, and prayed over the matter; and with not a few misgivings as to final results, directed the message to him to come.

He arrived the 19th of June, and at first the meetings were small, and for nearly a week very few converts were made to the cause. They felt discouraged, and talked over ways and means for success, and finally appointed a meeting for men only, in the Criminal Court room. When the meeting began very few were present, but soon the singing in such an unusual place attracted attention, and one after another dropped in, till there was a tolerably good audience.

That night a young man, well known in the city, belonging to a family of wealth and culture, went forward, signed the pledge, donned the red ribbon, and made a little speech. It acted like an electric shock in the community. People flocked thither to see what was going on. Soon they were compelled to adjourn to a larger hall. Other young men joined, making initiatory speeches, and hundreds were unable to get into the hall, and were compelled to go away.

All this time the temperance women stood back, directing affairs, but were not publicly known as being more than other observers. Mr. Bontacue remained some days longer, organizing the Red, White, and Blue Ribbon Clubs, and then left for other fields of labor.

Under the able leadership of the Presidents of the different clubs, the work is still going on. In the city and county, at this date, September 18th, 1877, there are about four thousand members. And so our hearts rejoice in the Lord, for He has done more for us than we could ask, or even think.

We can hardly believe our own eyes, as we see these men “clothed and in their right mind,” standing before large audiences, pleading with church members, as well as with drinking men, to come and join them. We hope the work is just begun, and that it will go on till all shall be gathered, not only under the temperance banner, but also into the fold of Christ.

M. A. Ross gives the following interesting incident:

“We had a large distillery here, running in full force, when our work began, and one of our sisters made it a special point in her prayer, to ask that its wheels might be stopped, its doors closed, its grain given to feed the poor, and its men find better employment. In a few weeks it was closed, and has never made another gallon of whiskey since. It went into the hands of the government, and was several times offered for sale, finding no purchaser. It was sold a few weeks ago to a party who are fitting it up as a flour mill; and now, verily, its grain will go to feed the poor.”

MADISON, INDIANA.

I am indebted to Mary E. Sullivan, Secretary of the Union at this place, for the following facts:

The untold anguish of years found utterance at last on the morning of March 5th, 1874. Rev. W. W. Snyder prepared the way for the Quakeress, Mrs. Hunt and her husband, and others, for the Crusade in Madison. And as if we were to meet with the direst opposition from the very outset, the liquor-men, this same evening, met and formed an organization to resist the women.

Mrs. Hunt, after her husband’s address, rose calmly and spoke to the masses crowded into the pews, aisles, and gallery of Old Wesley Chapel. The enthusiasm was intense. On the morning of March 7th, a business meeting came together at Trinity Church. W. M. Monroe gave a stirring address; proffered his aid to do anything—work that was too menial for anybody else, to enable him to make amends for wrongs committed years ago, when he kept a hotel before he was God’s servant. Local option prevailed in Indiana, and J. W. Levick urged “action.” Accordingly, after prayer by Mrs. Hunt, the ladies filed out, and moved in a body to the court-house, to visit the commissioners who were then in session. And now, for the first time, the voice of a woman was heard in prayer in that building, and amid the most intense interest and profound attention, she prayed for the court-house officials.

We continued our visits to the commissioners, and committees canvassed the city, urging those who had signed the petitions of saloonists to withdraw their names. On March 9th, the room was crowded to its utmost capacity, and we can do no better than copy from the Madison Courier: “Gathered about the three commissioners, and the opposing attorneys, who were seated at the table, was an audience, which, for motley and variegated appearance, challenges the experience of the oldest inhabitant. Side by side, sat or stood, the low, shambling debauchee, and the lady of aristocratic mien and person. Brewers and saloon-keepers with burly bodies and flushed faces, contrasted strangely with the pale-faced, proper-looking parsons, and their adherents. The ‘odor of sanctity,’ and the fumes of tobacco, seemed strangely intermingled, and there was incongruity in everything. Upon the opening of the case, attention was riveted upon the opposing attorneys, John W. Levick, for the temperance cause; and Judge J. R. Cravens, for Donahue.”

Judge Cravens was counsel representing Mr. Charles A. Korbly, who, throughout the Crusade, stood like an adamantine wall against the ladies. On the morning of March 10th, after consulting the county attorney, A. D. Vanosdol, the commissioners refused the license to sell intoxicating liquor to Mr. Donahue. McLaughlin and Gaumer withdrew their applications.

We continued our work quietly and steadily, and a great number of signers to temperance and other pledges were obtained during our canvass of the city. And all the time, the spirit of earnest prayer and deep devotion prevailed, and women tremblingly waited.

We knew that it was our duty to visit the saloons, and at our daily meetings, morning and night, as we came down the aisles of the various churches, each would scan another’s face, and anxiously inquire, “Shall we go?” and the answer would come, “We are not yet prepared.” We agreed to spend one night in prayer. Many wrestled all night with God, and light came in the morning.

On the morning of March 13th, Mrs. Indiana Stiver rose in Christian Chapel and said: “Some of the sisters feel moved to begin the work at the saloons. For more than forty years I have tried to bear the cross, and have never felt its weight more heavily than I do this morning, but I also feel that I will be strengthened by the Lord for the work before us. I feel like Queen Esther—‘I will go in unto the king, and if I perish, I perish, for we are sold, I and my people, to be slain and to perish.’ As many of the sisters as feel moved to go to the saloons, follow me. Let us go into the vestibule and select the place where we will commence. We need a few of those who can sing to go with us. If any of the gentlemen have any advice to give, let them give it now. Let others stay here and pray.” Prayer was offered, and the hymn, “Guide me, O thou great Jehovah,” sung, when the praying band assembled in the vestibule.

The reporter of the Daily Courier, M. E. Garber, Jr., politely advised us to go to the saloon of Tom Mullen, saying he knew Mullen would treat us well, and walked on before us into the saloon. This band, at first small, but afterwards increased to a hundred or more, consisted in part of

Mrs. Sarah Thomas,

” Indiana Stiver,

” Sarah J. Hughes,

” Malvina Quigley,

” Kate V. Williams,

” Jewel,

” D. G. Stewart.

Arriving at Mullen’s, our band filed in, evidently to the consternation of the proprietor. The evils of intemperance were of course depicted, and permission asked to pray; but Mullen said he preferred we would not do so. And so, thanking him for his courtesy to us, we withdrew; and in all our after visits to him, he invariably treated us politely.

We moved on to Johnson Conaway’s, at the door of which stood the barkeeper, who refused admittance. Our entreaties proving of no effect, we kneeled on the pavement and prayed, the barkeeper in the meantime having opened the door and locked himself in. We then passed on to the saloon kept by Nadler, on Main street, whose door we found locked. Nadler was very rude, talking roughly, saying, “It’s no use to talk to me. If you want to do me any good, give me some money;” and walking off, locked the door behind. During our prayer a window opened above, and an old German woman cried out in mingled glee and wonder, “Oh, see ’em pray! Oh, they are praying!” The ladies now returned to Christian Chapel.

The next morning our band left the German M. E. Church, and called at Frook’s saloon, the proprietor of which treated us well; but several men, with disgusting bravado, stepped to the bar and drank in derision of the women. We next moved on to the Western Hotel, kept by Henry Neisse, followed by an immense crowd. His barkeeper informed us that the proprietor was not yet up, but his instructions were to admit no one, and we prayed on the pavement. Drinks were here taken during prayer. Such was our uniform treatment at Neisse’s. Indeed, so often were we told that he was still in bed, that the house acquired the name of “Sleepy Hollow.”

Broadway Hotel, kept by George Smith, was our next destination, and the scene was terrible. Our band huddled together, and jeering faces closed around us, and a group at the bar continued drinking and clinking glasses, and the women of the house, in an adjoining room, tittering and laughing—altogether making a perfect Babel of confusion.

The Crusaders were followed up street by several hundred people, and they halted at George Glass’, at which place we were greeted with a scene which we are sure had been studied and practised for us. Glass had been known to boast how he would treat us, and the curiosity of the mob was intense, and was amply satisfied in a scene which beggars description, and disgraces the city.

Our leader, Mrs. Stiver, having nearly swooned on the way, had dropped into the house of a friend, and we marched on, led by Mrs. J. F. Hutchinson. The door was locked, and we had no escape from the surging circle that hemmed us in. Again we copy from the Madison Courier, adding name: “Those in the rear shoved and jostled to get forward, so the circle narrowed and decreased till there was imminent danger of the kneeling women being crushed under foot. Rough words were bandied about; loud Amens issued from the bar-room; then snatches of derisive song; and amid and above all the din, the orchestra pealed out, rattling and drumming like a steam brass band. But a motherly old lady (Mrs. Susan Buchanan) prayed on, with her hands outstretched, notwithstanding the hideous noise within, as sweetly and calmly as by the bedside of a little child. The praying woman’s action and utterance alike expressed her faith: ‘The Lord will hear us, though the crowd will not.’ Presently Glass elbowed his way through to the doors and threw them open. He spoke pleasantly to the ladies, inviting them in, but the scene within was enough to deter them. A house full of burly men, drinking, and smoking, and acting as boisterously as they well could. In the ladies went, and the rush after them was so great that life was imperilled. They were greeted by the proprietor himself in a kindly manner. He expressed his regret that they had called Saturday, as this was a busy day, and he could not give them the attention they deserved.”

Glass called out, “Come in, ladies, and take a drink, and hear the music. I paid so much for that organ. I keep a respectable house.” Mrs. Hutchinson replied, “If you keep a respectable house, you will stop that noise.” Upon which Mr. Glass, somewhat pacified, ordered, “Bill, stop the organ,” which was done. Beer all this time was flowing gratuitously. But we must add, to the praise of One who protected each hair of our heads, that this man’s hand was stayed, and the mob grew comparatively quiet, and Mr. Glass himself conducted himself much more gentlemanly during the rest of our visit, and invited us to call again. Before we were out of the door, however, a boisterous song was raised by those inside.

The effect of this visit was varied. The monster Alcohol grew so hideous in its deformity to one man, that he renounced drink, and became a temperance man.

During our frequent visits to Mr. Glass we were never able to make any impression for good on him. At one time, in response to the entreaties of Mrs. Stiver, he replied, “It’s no use. You can do me no good.” She answered, “Well, Mr. Glass, if we cannot, we will pray that God may.” To which he said, in response, “I take no stock in God.” Mrs. Electa Wilson frequently accompanied us in our visits here and elsewhere, and was very efficient in praying and exhorting the crowds. One morning Mrs. Joseph Todd for the first time accompanied us. Mr. Glass asked, in a very impudent manner, “What can I do? I can’t shovel coal.” And she replied, in a beseeching tone, “You had better shovel coal than ruin our sons.” She had known the effects of this inhuman traffic. He immediately proceeded to have her summoned before Mayor John Marsh, upon charge of “provocation.” Mr. Glass’s counsel refused to make any argument, and after a few scathing remarks from Mr. A. D. Vanosdol, the counsel of Mrs. Todd, the case was dismissed, when our band, who had accompanied her in a body, broke out in a song of thanks.

Mr. Glass afterwards made a cowardly “assault with intent to kill,” upon Mr. Levick, who seemed destined to bear the brunt of the war, and was slowly recovering from an accident in which he narrowly escaped losing his limb, and was then walking around on crutches.

Mrs. Horning locked the doors against us, as did Mr. Effinger. Mr. John Kraut admitted us once, but never afterwards. The house kept by Kraut bears the reputation of being of the class called fine, with marble counters and tall mirrors; and manufactured drunkards by the hundreds. Mr. David Humphreys always received us politely, and always treated us well and gentlemanly, but we were never able to make any change in him. C. Kraut refused us admittance. Johnson Conaway did also, and we were never able to see his face. Mrs. Kinne was a reluctant host, but treated us well. At one time the liquor element felt dissatisfied with the reports of the Crusade, as published in the Courier, thinking it favored us, and proffered to pay a reporter themselves, if his productions would be published. On our part we felt that we were ridiculed, and on the same day sent a committee to request Mr. Garber, Jr., to discontinue his visits with us. His reply was, “That is what we get for carrying water on both shoulders.”

Henry Pfeiffer’s doors closed, as also did Lohman’s. Mrs. Patrick Devany treated us well. Fred Winnefield always refused us admittance, and we kneeled on the pavement. On April 4th we called on Fred Glass, Mrs. Stiver entering and inquiring for the proprietor. Mr. Glass started up from the rear of the saloon, exclaiming, “What’s here—more praying? I want no praying.” Mrs. Stiver answered, “But see here, Mr. Glass—” Mr. Glass, abruptly, “I want no conversation at all.” So we grouped together on the pavement, and Mrs. Stiver delivered an impassioned address, but we are compelled to add that, as far as we know, we were never able to produce any good effect on Mr. Glass. Mrs. Scheible treated us rudely. Leonard Klein tried how rudely he could talk to us. We were sometimes led by Mrs. Hutchinson, and sometimes by Mrs. Stiver. Great confusion was created on one occasion by Mrs. Thomas, an old lady eighty years of age, and loved by everybody, familiarly spoken of as “Aunt Sally,” stepping into the doorway, and kneeling down to pray. Klein hurriedly ran forward, and rudely drove her up and off. Aunt Sally was so much overcome she could not control her voice, and said, “Oh, excuse me, Mr. Klein, I am old and did not know I was doing any harm!” Mr. Klein frequently told us we were doing more harm than the saloons.

And now we come to trying days indeed, but we were upheld by the power of God. Mrs. Hunt, who some time before this had left the city, was again with us, and Mrs. Stiver avowed her own willingness to sit at her feet and learn of her, and so under her leadership we concluded to visit Walnut street, along which almost every other house was a saloon. We had looked forward anxiously to this time; had heard threats of harshness. Cheeks blanched with fear and voices trembled with unshed tears. But into this stronghold of the enemy we marched, and called first at Mr. Schwab’s, who treated us well, and acknowledged he was ashamed of his business. His wife was glad to see us, and received us into her own sitting-room, thanking us with genuine earnestness. Winters refused to sell while the ladies were present, and a young German, being twice refused, ran behind the counter, drew the cork from the bottle, and was proceeding to help himself, when Winters snatched the bottle from him, and made him leave. Winters firmly avowed his intention to sell, however. John Greiner’s ale-wagon stopped here while we were inside, and men began drinking, and one of them took a bottle to the door, and drank from it ostentatiously. By this time drays, buggies, and wagons stood at the saloon doors, while swarms of human beings gazed upon the solemn procession of sisters, who pushed their way through the rough crowd, and commenced singing at Kimmel’s, who refused to sell drinks in our presence. A lady at the doorway passed through a severe ordeal in barring out the crowd.

Jacob Schuler’s saloon was found filled with men drinking noisily, and there was a perfect jam before and around the door as we approached, and we found Schuler himself intrenched in an arm-chair, haranguing the crowd, crying, “Clear off my pavement.”

When Mrs. Hunt said: “Brother, we were calling on the rest and would not slight thee,” Schuler, pacified, replied, “I am obliged to you for coming.”

Our visit here was amusing in the extreme. Schuler, swearing unconsciously all the time, told of his bravery and exploits in the army, said he came to this country in “1885”—became very angry at any noise inside, swearing, “I can stop that, by ——,” set down quietly, while we prayed, but began again as soon as we arose.

Amid yells and cries, and great confusion, we started for Mat. Baus’, where quite a controversy occurred between Baus and his wife. Baus’ wife interrupted his words, and took up his argument, and Baus seemed hugely amused.

After singing and prayer, we discontinued our visits for the day, but renewed the skirmish the next morning, and called on S. Pfau, who was inclined to shut us out because we passed him yesterday. He talked kindly to us, and expressed a hope that we might succeed.

Not being admitted at Barar’s, Mrs. Hunt made a stirring appeal, after which, and singing and prayer, we closed the Crusade for the day.

At another time, led by Mrs. Stiver, we again went out Walnut street, and finding Solcher’s door closed, we stepped off three paces, and held our usual exercises. Soon a rude crowd gathered.

At Mrs. Woodchopper’s a motley crowd of children by the hundred, women by the score, and men innumerable, all mixed in a confused mass, gathered. A dray with empty beer barrels, the Walnut street hose, country wagons, dogs, etc., completed the company. Mrs. Dr. Little stepped forward, and, in her own kind way, turning to a crowd of children, delivered them an appropriate address. Mrs. Newel also spoke very effectively to some part of the crowd; and amid the confusion and boisterousness Mr. J. W. Levick, that indefatigable temperance worker, jumped into the spring-wagon of Mr. Auger, while Mr. A. held the horse, made an appropriate speech, tending to quiet the people, referring to his own German origin. Several men, in a rough, though not rude manner, interrupted him, asking him questions, to each of which he politely listened and replied. He then jumped to the ground and came near the ladies. During his address he was treated with more courtesy than we had any reason to expect, and one German followed him down-town, desiring to sign the pledge.

And now, having given a brief account of some of our visits to the saloons, which our readers must take as an example of our work in that direction, we will pass on to other matters.

On April 30th, 1874, Hon. Wm. Baxter came to Madison and spoke on the subject of Temperance, two evenings in succession. The Crusaders held a mass-meeting in Wesley Chapel, on the evening of May 6th. The church was well filled, our President, Mrs. Stiver, in the chair. After singing by the choir Mrs. Susan Buchanan led in prayer, after which Miss Emma Vail read a portion of God’s word. Mrs. M. E. Sullivan made a thrilling address.

Mrs. Hutchinson read an essay, and Mrs. Johnson and Miss Mary Page sang solos. Miss Jennie David recited an original poem and when she demanded, “Was it all the fault of the suicide?” the effect was indescribable. Miss David was an indefatigable worker, and willingly did anything our band desired. Mrs. Tibbetts concluded the exercises.

Again, on the evening of June 10th, we held another mass-meeting at the court-house, Mrs. Stiver in the chair. Mrs. Sullivan made the opening address, followed by an essay by Mrs. Anna Dougherty, who in turn was followed by an address by Mrs. Electa Wilson, who from the depths of an earnest soul poured forth thrilling words, which coming from the heart went to the heart. Mrs. Wilson was listened to with rapt attention. Mrs. Gilpin concluded by reading an essay.

In the meantime committees had circulated pledges and procured 2,500 signers to the total abstinence pledge. Our feet were blistered from the scorching streets, while we worked faithfully on, defeating the license of George Glass and others. In this place we must make especial mention of Mrs. Thomas Clark, Mrs. Elizabeth Crane Black, Mrs. Harry Colgate, Mrs. Berryhill, Mrs. James Lewis, Miss Mary McFetridge.

We also held mass and street meetings in various parts of the city and county. We gratefully remember Mr. Nat Williams, who at one time when we held a meeting on his wharf boat, kindly arranged seats and lights, and exerted himself to make us as comfortable as possible. On the arrival of the Louisville and Cincinnati mail packet, the commander, Captain Chas. David, cordially received us on board, followed by an immense crowd. Miss Jennie, daughter of Captain David, again recited an original poem to an attentive audience; and when she feelingly referred to the claim of the saloonists that theirs was a respectable business, and demanded authoritatively,

the effect was thrilling in the extreme.

At another time we held service on board the Cincinnati packet, commanded by Captain Sam. Hildreth, who received us cordially. After singing and prayer by Mrs. L. J. Hughes, Mrs. Stiver spoke for some thirty minutes, when after some other devotions we retired, escorted to the shore by Captain Hildreth. Captain Hildreth afterwards attended one of our meetings, was so much impressed that he resolved he would “taste not the unclean thing,” and let us hope that he adheres to his resolution.

A stranger meeting one of our number afterwards informed her that through our efforts, on board the Buel that day, he had ceased the use of intoxicants; and yet we must record the bitter with the sweet and say that the whiskey fraternity gave the United States Mail Company warning that if that performance was repeated, they would ship no more produce with them.

And now, after all these long weary months of suffering and waiting, we have nothing to recall. Led by Jehovah’s hand we did what we could, and we leave the results to him. Though the good done seemed comparatively slight, yet we worked on, and to-day we recognize the recent reform movement in Madison, as the child of the Crusade, and as God’s answer to our prayers. We believe that by some agency God will answer our prayers and that Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin, is written over every bar-room in the United States as plainly as when the finger of God placed it over Belshazzar’s feast.

We desire to say that we have been warmly seconded by most of the ministers in the city—W. W. Snyder, J. F. Hutchinson, B. F. Cavin, I. H. Hardin, Henry Keigwise and J. H. Barth. And we would especially mention the Rev. Dr. Little and Rev. David Stiver, who have firmly stood by us through all opposition and given their wives their warmest approval. We look forward to the coming day, when our victory shall be complete.

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

I am indebted to Mrs. Dr. R. T. Brown, President of the Woman’s State Temperance Union, for the following facts:

When the Temperance Crusade was spreading over the West like wildfire, in February, 1874, the Friends held a temperance meeting in their church.

The Rev. Mr. Bayliss preached a sermon on Temperance at Roberts’ Park M. E. Church, and President O. A. Burges, in a sermon at Bethlehem Christian Church, made strong appeals to the women, spoke of the many saloons in the city, and told them to go out on the streets to work, and he would stand by them and give his assistance at all times, which promise he faithfully fulfilled. Soon after this, a call was made for the women to come to Roberts’ Park Church, to organize a temperance union. The attendance was large, and the meeting enthusiastic. A central union was organized, and soon after each ward in the city organized an auxiliary union. There was a general awakening in the hearts of the women. Well do I remember how large bodies of women met first in church for prayer, then walked in a long procession through the streets to the auditor’s office, and copied the petitions filed for permits to sell liquor, then again met in church for prayer, before going to the Commissioners’ court to expose fraud. They asked leave to open the sessions of the Commissioners’ court with prayer, which was granted, and there they sat from day to-day with dozens of beer-bloated, brazen-faced men, gazing at them.

One morning there were five temperance women in the Commissioners’ court, and an old colored man came in and gave the women five pamphlets, some in prose, some in doggerel verse, containing low, vulgar abuse of the Crusaders. The women hid them, and said nothing. When the women first met from the different churches, they were strangers, but they were soon acquainted and became lasting friends. They held many mass-meetings; they called the ministers into each other’s pulpits to make temperance addresses; in short, the Crusade work brought about a Christian union that nothing else ever had done. Prof. R. T. Brown said it looked like the Millennium had come. The Crusade has been a great blessing to the women of Indiana. It has developed latent powers and faculties which have astonished none more than themselves. They have circulated petitions extensively, and presented, in person, at two successive Legislatures, the names of more than forty thousand citizens, praying relief from the burden of liquor legislation. Besides this, there has been a growth in the social and Christian virtues that other means had failed to produce.

The women kept liquor from being sold on the Exposition Grounds one year, and the next the managers allowed it to come in, and fifty of the leading temperance women pledged themselves not to attend the fair, and published the following card:

TO THE LADY READERS OF THE INDIANA FARMER:

Dear Sisters:—Knowing our sex as we do, and its womanly instincts, keenly alive to all moral questions of conscience and duty, we appeal to you.

Last year the State Board of Agriculture inserted a clause in its leases prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors at the Exposition, and thereby failed to rent the usual number of stands, losing, as is claimed, several thousand dollars, while there was probably no compensating increase in attendance on that account.

Consequently, the prohibiting clause is omitted this year, and the sale of intoxicants will be allowed, unless the applicants fail to procure a license from the Marion County Board of Commissioners, which is altogether improbable.

Thus, as is usually the case, moral sentiment has again been compelled to retire before appetite and avarice, which give to the liquor traffic all its vitality.

It is also reported that large sums of money ($50,000 in one case) have been paid to the Centennial management at Philadelphia, for the privilege of selling intoxicants next year, where our nation, by “an exposition of its material, commercial, intellectual and political prosperity, resultant from an hundred years of self(?) government,” will celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of that day when the “Old State House” bell proclaimed “liberty throughout the land and to all the inhabitants thereof.”

It is a sad commentary, that wherever our brothers, sons, fathers and husbands are expected to gather, there the rum-seller invariably plants himself, plies successfully his vocation and spreads his snares.

He does not thus intrude upon gatherings of women alone, for he finds no appetite to meet his avarice.

Now where, and by whom, shall a standard be raised against this burning disgrace?

By whom, but the women and the churches? Where, so appropriately as at our own Indiana Exposition and State and County Fairs?

Are the women of the State of no consideration to its commercial interests?

Who wear its dry goods and jewels? Who change annually its fashions, replacing the old with the new, while the old is still tasteful and comparatively unworn? For whom do its young men dress well? By whose tasteful housekeeping is the demand created for beautiful carpets, handsome furniture and table appointments, pictures and other home ornaments?

To gratify whose taste are thousands of men employed in building elegant homes?

Who demands sewing machines, improved coal stoves and other conveniences?

For whose eye is three-fourths of the display of our markets, on business streets and at the Exposition?

Verily, women have a power for weal or woe, commercially as well as morally, and can by combination make themselves felt.

Will you not, therefore, Sisters and Christian people, unite with us in setting our faces like flint against the Indiana Exposition and State Fair, while the management tolerates the sale of intoxicants?

If these gatherings are for the vicious and immoral, let us abandon the field to them; if for the virtuous and moral, let such insist upon a recognition of their moral sentiments; but if they are solely business enterprises, which must pay at all hazards, let us know it, and withhold our patronage as we would from a beer garden or saloon.

Mrs. Z. G. Wallace,

” J. H. Bayliss,

” J. A. Ross,

” R. B. Duncan, Sr.,

Miss Auretta Hoyt,

Mrs. H. M. Brown,

” Judge Test,

” M. M. Finch,

” T. H. Sharpe,

” F. M. Farquhar,

Jane Trueblood,

Mrs. Dr. J. R Siddall,

” John Gotschall,

Mrs. Lucia S. Holliday,

” Ovid Butler, Sr.,

” D. B. Harvey,

” Ingraham Fletcher,

” M. M. B. Goodwin,

” Dr. F. G. Carey,

” John S. Newman,

” F. C. Holliday,

” H. Parrott,

” Elijah Fletcher,

Miss Annie Butler,

Mrs. Wm. H. Page,

” R. T. Brown,

and many others.

The consequence was that the Exposition was a failure, leaving the board largely in debt. Since then liquors have been excluded by the board from the fair grounds.

MRS. MARY T. BURT,

Corresponding Secretary Woman’s National Christian Temperance Union.

RICHMOND, INDIANA.

Richmond is a beautiful town, containing about 15,000 inhabitants. Of the thirty-one registered saloons, only one was doing a legal business under the Baxter law. The town was of Quaker proclivities, and the Crusade was inaugurated by a few Quaker ladies; but the women of other denominations rallied around them, and the town was soon in a blaze of temperance enthusiasm.

Among the places visited was the “Continental,” kept by one McCoy, which was the finest saloon in the city. McCoy could not stand the prayers and appeals of the women, but unconditionally surrendered. A thousand dollars was raised, and loaned to him to begin another business; and the “Continental Saloon” became the “Continental Market.”

August Woeste unconditionally surrendered, and his liquors were poured into the gutter; a public entertainment was given for his benefit. Thomas Lichtenfels treated the ladies with the greatest indignity; he had a license under the Baxter law, and claimed that he was doing a legitimate business. The ladies continued their visits till one afternoon, six or eight ladies who had entered were locked in, and were prisoners from four till nine o’clock P. M. The very worst men in the city were in the saloon at the time, drinking and carousing, singing, and blaspheming in mockery. Beer flowed freely, and the tobacco-smoke was stifling, and the attempts to frighten the ladies were of the most threatening character. The noise and the confusion was so great, that no religious exercises were attempted, but the women sat in silent prayer, while the drunken rowdies offered every insult but actual violence.

The Baxter law required that all saloons should close at nine o’clock. When that hour arrived Lichtenfels released the ladies, and, closing his saloon, said: “This is the last time I will open my saloon—this is too much for me.” For a week the saloon was closed, when, notwithstanding his promise, he reopened again.

The Police Board of the city had it in their power to close all of the saloons of the city, but the one that was licensed; but, instead of hunting up evidence to stop the illegal business, they hunted up a city ordinance preventing the obstruction of the sidewalk, hoping in that way to stop the Crusade. But the ladies, getting a hint of it, changed their tactics, and went out in small companies.

Enthusiastic mass-meetings were held—young men’s meetings, young ladies’ meetings, and daily prayer-meetings—and a public sentiment was aroused that would have closed every rum-shop in the town if they had not been sustained by official influence.

Richmond is the home of Mr. Baxter, originator of the Baxter law.

The women continue their work, adopting various methods, and are waiting and praying for the victory.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Crusade was carried on in the following towns of Indiana, with more or less success: Fort Wayne, New Albany, Dunkirk, Portland, Muncy, Frankfort, Columbus, Buffton, Kokoma, South Bend, Valparaiso, Lawrenceburgh, Union City, Terre Haute, Greenfield, Bedford, Lafayette, Logansport, Warsaw, Wabash, Franklin.

ILLINOIS.