TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Fig. 1. Tripod Magnifier 4

Fig. 2. Watchmaker’s Loupe 4

Fig. 3. Folding Magnifier 4

Fig. 4. Reading Glass 4

Fig. 5. Steinheil Aplanatic Lens 5

Fig. 6. Dissecting Microscope 5

Fig. 7. Compound Microscope of Robert Hooke 8

Fig. 8. Compound Microscope 10

Fig. 9. Abbé Condenser 11

Fig. 10. 11

Fig. 11. 11

Fig. 12. Objectives 11

Fig. 13. 12

Fig. 14. 12

Fig. 15. Eye-Pieces. 12

Fig. 16. Pharmacognostic Microscope 12

Fig. 17. Research Microscope 14

Fig. 18. Special Research Microscope 14

Fig. 19. Greenough Binocular Microscope 15

Fig. 20. Polarization Microscope 16

Fig. 21. Ocular Micrometer 19

Fig. 22. Stage Micrometer 19

Fig. 23. Micrometer Eye-Piece 20

Fig. 24. Micrometer Eye-Piece 21

Fig. 25. Mechanical Stage 22

Fig. 26. Camera Lucida 22

Fig. 27. Camera Lucida 22

Fig. 28. Drawing Apparatus 23

Fig. 29. Microphotographic Apparatus 24

Fig. 30. Micro Lamp 27

Fig. 31. Paraffin-embedding Oven 30

Fig. 32. Paraffin Blocks 31

Fig. 33. Hand Microtome 31

Fig. 34. Hand Cylinder Microtome 34

Fig. 35. Hand Table Microtome 34

Fig. 36. Base Sledge Microtome 35

Fig. 37. Minot Rotary Microtome 36

Fig. 38. Reagent Set 39

Fig. 39. Measuring Cylinder 40

Fig. 40. Staining Dish 40

Fig. 41. Round Cover Glass 44

Fig. 42. Square Cover Glass 44

Fig. 43. Rectangular Cover Glass 44

Fig. 44. Glass Slide 44

Fig. 45. Histological Forceps 45

Fig. 46. Forceps 45

Fig. 47. Sliding-pin Forceps 45

Fig. 48. Dissecting Needle 46

Fig. 49. Scissors 46

Fig. 50. Scalpels 47

Fig. 51. Turntable 47

Fig. 52. Slide Box 48

Fig. 53. Slide Tray 48

Fig. 54. Slide Cabinet 49

Plate 1 The Onion Root 56

Plate 2 Leaf Epidermis 60

Plate 3 Leaf Epidermis 61

Plate 4 Testa Epidermal Cells 64

Plate 5 Testa Cells 65

Plate 6 Papillæ 68

Plate 7 Unicellular Solitary Hairs 70

Plate 8 Clustered Unicellular Hairs 71

Plate 9 Multicellular Uniseriate Non-branched Hairs 73

Plate 10 Multicellular Multiseriate Non-branched Hairs 75

Plate 11 Multicellular Uniseriate Branched Hairs 76

Plate 12 Non-glandular Multicellular Hairs 78

Plate 13 Multicellular Multiseriate Branched Hairs 79

Plate 14 Multicellular Multiseriate Branched Hairs 81

Plate 15 Multicellular Multiseriate Branched Hairs 82

Plate 16 Periderm of Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana, D.C.) 84

Plate 17 Mandrake Rhizome and White Cinnamon 86

Plate 18 Periderm of White Oak (Quercus alba, L.) 87

Plate 19 Crystal-bearing Fibres of Barks 91

Plate 20 Crystal-bearing Fibres of Barks 93

Plate 21 Crystal-bearing Fibres of Leaves 94

Plate 22 Branched Bast Fibres 95

Plate 23 Porous and Striated Bast Fibres 97

Plate 24 Porous and Non-striated Bast Fibres 98

Plate 25 Non-porous and Striated Bast Fibres 99

Plate 26 Non-porous and Non-striated Bast Fibres 101

Plate 27 Groups of Bast Fibres 102

Plate 28 Wood Fibres 105

Plate 29 Catnip Stem and Motherwort Stem 107

Plate 30 Collenchyma Cells 108

Plate 31 Branched Stone Cells 110

Plate 32 Porous and Striated Stone Cells 113

Plate 33 Porous and Non-striated Stone Cells 114

Plate 34 Cinnamon, Ruella Root, Cascara and Cinnamon 115

Plate 35 Cross-sections of Endodermal Cells of 117

Plate 36 Longitudinal Sections of Endodermal Cells 119

Plate 37 Hypodermal Cells 120

Plate 38 Cross-section of Sarsaparilla Root (Smilax officinalis, Kunth) 123

Plate 39 Root Hairs (Fragments) 124

Plate 40 Annular and Spiral Vessels 129

Plate 41 Spiral Vessels 130

Plate 42 Sclariform Vessels 132

Plate 43 Reticulate Vessels 133

Plate 44 Pitted Vessels 134

Plate 45 Vessels 135

Plate 46 Sieve Tube 137

Plate 47 Radial Longitudinal Section of White Sandalwood (Santalum album, L.) 140

Plate 48 Kava-kava Root and White Pine Bark 143

Plate 49 Black Indian Hemp and Black Indian Hemp Root 145

Plate 50 Latex Vessels 146

Plate 51 Parenchyma Cells 148

Plate 52 Grindelia Stem (longitudinal) and Grindelia Stem (cross-section) 149

Plate 53 Aconite Stem and Peppermint Stem 152

Plate 54 Types of Stoma 153

Plate 55 Leaf Epidermi With Stoma 155

Plate 56 Belladonna Leaf, Deer Tongue Leaf and White Pine Leaf 156

Plate 57 Elder Bark 159

Plate 58 Intercellular Air Spaces 160

Plate 59 Irregular Intercellular Air Spaces 161

Plate 60 Glandular Hairs 165

Plate 61 Stalked Glandular Hairs 167

Plate 62 Calamus Rhizome and White Pine Bark 169

Plate 63 Canella Alba Bark and Klip Buchu Leaf 170

Plate 64 Bitter Orance Peel and White Pine Leaf 171

Plate 65 Cinnamon, Calumba, Parenchyma, Sarsaparilla, Leptandra, Quebracho, Blackberry 174

Plate 66 Mucilage and Resin 175

Plate 67 Cross-section of Skunk-cabbage Leaf (Symplocarpus fœtidus, [L.] Nutt.) 177

Plate 68 Reserve Cellulose 180

Plate 69 Reserve Cellulose 181

Plate 70 Starch 186

Plate 71 Starch 187

Plate 72 Starch 189

Plate 73 Starch 190

Plate 74 Starch 191

Plate 75 Starch Grains 192

Plate 76 Starch Masses 193

Plate 77 Inulin (Inula helenium, L.) 195

Plate 77a Aleurone Grains 199

Plate 78 Micro-crystals 201

Plate 79 Raphides 203

Plate 80 Rosette Crystals 204

Plate 81 Inclosed Rosette Crystals 206

Plate 82 Solitary Crystal 207

Plate 83 Solitary Crystals 208

Plate 84 Solitary Crystals 209

Plate 85 Solitary Crystals 211

Plate 86 Solitary Crystals 212

Plate 87 Rosette Crystals and Solitary Crystals Occurring in 213

Plate 88 Cystoliths 214

Plate 89 Cross-section of Root of Spigelia Marylandica, L. 220

Plate 90 Ruellia Root (Ruellia ciliosa, Pursh.). 222

Plate 91 Cross-section of Rhizome of Spigelia Marylandica, L. 224

Plate 92 Cross-section of Rhizome of Ruellia Ciliosa, Pursh. 225

Plate 93 Powdered Spigelia Marylandica, L. 228

Plate 94 Powdered Ruellia Ciliosa, Pursh. 229

Plate 95 Cross-section of Stem of Spigelia Marylandica, L. 234

Plate 96 Cross-section of Stem of Ruellia Ciliosa, Pursh. 236

Plate 97 Powdered Horehound (Marrubium vulgare, L). 238

Plate 98 Spurious Horehound (Marrubium peregrinum, L.) 239

Plate 99 Powdered Insect Flower Stems (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, [Trev.], Vis.) 240

Plate 100 Cross-section of Buchu Stems (Barosma betulina [Berg.], Barth, and Wendl.) 243

Plate 101 Buchu Stem and Leptandra Rhizome 244

Plate 102 Powdered Buchu Stems (Barosma betulina [Berg.], Barth. and Wendl.). 246

Plate 103 Cross-section of Unrossed White Pine Bark (Pinus strobus, L.) 249

Plate 104 Powdered White Pine Bark (Pinus strobus, L.) 251

Plate 105 Cross-section of Quassia Wood (Picræna excelsa [Sw.], Lindl.) 255

Plate 106 Tangential Section of Quassia Wood (Picræna excelsa [Sw.], Lindl.) 256

Plate 107 Radial Section of Quassia Wood (Picræna excelsa [Sw.], Lindl.) 257

Plate 108 Cross-section of Klip Buchu Just Over the Vein 261

Plate 109 Powdered Klip Buchu 263

Plate 110 Cross-section Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia, L.) 265

Plate 111 Cross-section Trailing Arbutus Leaf (Epigæa repens, L.) 266

Plate 112 Powdered Insect Flower Leaves 268

Plate 113 Smooth-walled Pollen Grains 271

Plate 114 Spiny Walled Pollen Grains 272

Plate 115 Papillæ 275

Plate 116 Papillæ of Stigmas 276

Plate 117 Papillæ of Stigmas 277

Plate 118 Powdered Closed Insect Flower 279

Plate 119 Powdered Open Insect Flower 281

Plate 120 Powdered White Daisies (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, L.) 283

Plate 121 Cross-section of Celery Fruit (Apium graveolens, L.) 286

Plate 121 Cross-section of Celery Fruit (Apium graveolens, L.) 286

Plate 123 Cross-section Sweet Almond Seed 290

Plate 124 Cross-section of a Radial Vascular Bundle of Skunk Cabbage Root 293

Plate 125 Cross-section of a Phloem-centric Bundle of Calamus Rhizome (Acorus calamus, L.) 294

Plate 126 Cross-section of a Closed Collateral Bundle of Mandrake Stem (Podophyllum peltatum, L.) 286

Plate 127 Bi-collateral Bundle of Pumpkin Stem (Curcurbita pepo, L.) 297