TABLE OF CONTENTS GUIDE NO. 4

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 697 to 720

Classification—series system—danger in series arc light system—constant current system—parallel system—arrangement of feeder and mains in parallel system—series-parallel system—center of distribution—Edison three wire system—evolution of the three wire system—balanced three wire system—balancing of three wire system—copper economy in three wire systems—Dobrowolsky three wire system—modifications of three wire system—three wire storage battery system—three wire double dynamo system—three wire bridge system—three wire three brush dynamo system—Dobrowolsky three wire system—three wire auxiliary dynamo system—three wire compensator system—extension of the three wire principle—five wire system—dynamotor—connections of balancing set—balancing coils—distribution by dynamo motor sets—boosters and their uses—auxiliary bus bar.

WIRES AND WIRE CALCULATION 721 to 764

Preliminary considerations—various wires—copper wire—iron wire—German silver wire—standard of copper wire resistance—relative conductivity of different metals and alloys—conductors—cable for elevator annunciators—covered conductors—rubber covered conductors—rubber insulated telephone and telegraph wires—weather proof conductors—twisted weather proof wires—precautions in using weather proof conductors—slow burning wire; where used—slow burning weather proof wire; where used; how installed—miscellaneous insulated conductors—safe carrying capacity of wire—pothead wires—circular mils—square mils—mil foot—lamp foot—ampere foot—center of distribution—wire gauges—B. & S. standard wire gauge—micrometer screw gauge—calculating gauge—table of various wire gauges—table of lamp feet for rubber covered wires—lamp table for weather proof wires—symmetrical and unsymmetrical distribution—wiring table for light and power circuits—table of wire equivalents; how to use—table of cable capacities—incandescent lamps on 660 watt circuits—"tree" and "modified tree" system of wiring—distribution with sub-feeders—wrong and right methods of loop wiring—table, of amperes per motor; of amperes per dynamo—calculations for three wire circuit—three wire circuit panel board—size of the neutral wire.

INSIDE WIRING 765 to 798

The term "wiring"—open or exposed wiring—selection of wires—installation—disadvantages of open wiring—splicing—pitch of wires—crossing of wires—wiring across pipes—practical points relating to exposed wiring—methods of carrying wires, through floors; on walls—protecting exposed wiring on low ceilings—various porcelain knobs and cleats—wires used in mouldings—standard wooden moulding—kick box—usual character of moulding work—practical points relating to wiring in mouldings—tapping outlets—arc light wiring—arc lamps on low pressure service—circular fixture block—concealed knob and tube wiring; objections; method of installation—arrangement of switch and receptacle outlet in knob and tube wiring—switch boxes—rigid conduit wiring; advantage—types of rigid conduit; requirements—-conduit box—disadvantages of unlined conduit—flexible conduit wiring—Greenfield flexible steel conduit—"fishing"—insulating point—canopy insulator—fish plug and method of insertion—method of installing conduits in fireproof buildings—service entrance to rubber conduit system—condulet outlet to arc lamp—hickey—methods of bending large conduits—armoured cable wiring; features; installation.

OUTSIDE WIRING 799 to 824

Materials for outside conductors—tensile strength of copper wire—pole lines—pole constructing tools—wooden poles—preservation of wooden poles—preservation processes—methods of setting wooden poles in unsuitable soil—reinforced concrete poles—cross arms—lineman's portable platform—poles for light and power wires—spacing of poles—erecting the poles—guy anchors—method of raising a pole—method of pulling anchor into place—guys for poles—head and foot guying—guying corner poles—guy stubs and anchor logs—climbers—wiring the line—pay out reels—method of stringing wires—"come alongs"—tension on wires—sag table—lineman's block and fall with "come alongs"—attaching wire to insulator—splicing; American wire joint; McIntire sleeve and sleeve joint—transpositions—insulators—overhead cable construction—petticoat insulator—Clark's "antihum"—service connections and loops—method of making series, and parallel service connections—joint pole crossing—service wires.

UNDERGROUND WIRING 825 to 844

City conditions—underground systems—various conduits—vitrified clay pipe conduit—vitrified clay or earthenware trough conduit—joints in multiple-duct vitrified clay conduit—concrete duct conduits—methods of laying conduit—method of laying single duct vitrified clay conduit—method of laying multiple duct clay conduit—wooden duct conduits—objection to use of wood; remedy; adaptation wooden built-in conduits; method of installation—wrought iron or steel pipe conduits; method of installation—porcelain bridgework or carriers—cast iron pipe and trough conduit; advantages—fibre conduits; joints—Edison tube system—underground cables—metal sheaths on underground cables—pot heads—General Electric manhole junction box—pot head connections.

WIRING OF BUILDINGS 845 to 864

Preliminary considerations—electrician's instructions—location of receptacles—ceiling buttons—hallway wiring—selection of wiring system—three wire convertible system—method of wiring—location of panel boards—current required on each floor of building—arrangement of feeders—installation of motors—largest size of feeder permissible—method of cutting pocket in floor—outlet baseboard—completed pocket—how to examine partition interiors—house plan of conduit wiring—attachment of mains to knobs—precautions in making joints—wiring for heating appliances—wiring with combination of moulding, flexible tubing or conduit in non-fire proof building—feeder system for large hotel.

SIGN FLASHERS 865 to 884

Classification—Carbon flashers—wiring diagram for Dull's carbon flashers—brush flashers—knife flashers—flasher transmission gearing—simple on and off flashers—flash system of gas lighting—high speed flashers—lighting flashers—wiring diagram for flags—diagram showing method of wiring for high speed effects on single lines—method of wiring for a torch—wiring diagram for high speeds—Dull's lightning—script breakers—chaser flashers—thermo flashers—carriage calls—monogram for carriage calls—wiring diagrams for sign illumination—-National carriage call operating keyboard—clock monogram—Bett's clock mechanism for operating electric monogram time flasher—talking signs—two way thermal flasher.

LIGHTNING PROTECTION 885 to 892

Lightning rods; why sharp points are used; erection—diagram showing principle of air gap arrestor—variable gap arc breaker—location of lightning arrestor—carbon arresters with fuses for telephone lines—ground connection.

STORAGE BATTERIES 893 to 968

Early experiments—theory—description of storage cell—electrolyte—effect of current passing through electrolyte—types of storage batteries—Plant cells—Willard plates; wood separator—parts of "Autex" automobile cells—Faure or pasted type—comparison of Plant and Faure plates—the electrolyte; kind generally used; preparation; test; mixing acid and water; kind of vessel used;—specific gravity table—effect of deep vessel—density of electrolyte—hydrometer syringe—impurities in electrolyte—tests for impurities; chlorine, nitrates, acetic acid, iron, copper, mercury, platinum—old electrolyte—voltage of a secondary cell—charging—connections for charging—charging; first time; period; regulation of voltage—Edison cell data—frequency of charging—cadmium test—emergency connections for weak ignition battery—portable testing instruments—charge indications—two methods of charging from a direct current lighting system—colors of the plates—how best results are obtained in charging—charge voltage—two ways of charging—diagram of charging connections—how to keep charging current constant—tests while charging; after charging—charge indications—behavior of electrolyte during discharge—lead burning outfit—"boiling"; causes—hydrogen gas generator for lead burning—quick charging—charging through the night—charging period for new battery—Willard underhung battery box for automobiles—high charging rates—"National" instructions for taking voltage readings—mercury arc rectifier—capacity—table of capacity variation for different discharge rates—how to increase the capacity—discharging; too rapidly rating; maximum rate—Edison alternating current rectifier—attention after discharging—the battery room—battery attendants—points on care and management—placement of cells—how to avoid leakage—precautions when unpacking cells—assembling cells—connections—precaution in joining terminals—battery troubles—short circuiting; indication; location—overdischarge; buckling—sulphation of plates—data on National cells; American cells; Autex cells—action in idle cell—lack of capacity—how to prevent lead poisoning—low specific gravity without short circuits; causes—treatment of weak cells—pole testing paper—disconnecting cells—sulphuric acid specific gravity table—how to take a battery out of commission—Witham charging board—putting batteries into commission—cleaning jars—table of voltage charge as affected by discharge rate—condensed rules for the proper care of batteries.

STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS 969 to 996

Uses of storage batteries; their importance in power plants—load curve showing use of storage battery as aid to the generating machinery—parallel connection of battery and dynamo—"floating the battery on the line"—diagram showing effect of battery in regulating dynamo load—connections and circuit control apparatus—diagram showing action of battery as a reservoir of reserve power—three wire system with battery and dynamo—methods of control for storage batteries—diagram of connections for ignition outfit—variable resistance—end cell switches—diagram of connection of battery equipment for residential lighting plant—end cell switch diagram—features of end cell switch construction—end cell switch control—circuit diagram for charging battery in two parallel groups and discharging in series—reverse pressure cells; regulation—Holzer-Cabot dynamotor—boosters—application of series booster system—Bijur's battery system—load diagram—characteristics of series booster—shunt boosters; with battery—Entz' carbon pile booster system—application of shunt booster—circuit diagram for non-reversible shunt booster and battery system—compound boosters; their connections—method of charging battery at one voltage and supplying lights at a different voltage—connections of one form of differential booster—differential boosters; with compensating coil; adaptation.