Volume 2 — INDEX

INDEX

A.

Abenakis, the I. 23, 40, 209, 480; settled in Canada, I. 23; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 371, 372; called to a council of war by Montcalm, I. 485-489; position of the English at Fort William Henry, I. 499; the massacre at Fort William Henry (see William Henry, Fort), I. 510-513, II. 428-431; evidence concerning the massacre, I. 514 note; their conversion to Christianity, I. 514 note; seize the messengers of Amherst, II. 251; Rogers sent to destroy one of their towns, II. 251, 253-258 note; their cruelty, II. 253, 255; the St. Francis settlement, II. 253, 254; statistics of warriors at the siege of Quebec, II. 436, 437. Abercromby, General James, I. 165 note; to supersede Webb in command of the army, I. 383; to resign in favor of Earl Loudon, I. 383; arrives at Albany, I. 399; sends a letter of approbation to Rogers, I. 445; Loudon recalled from office, II. 48; succeeds Loudon in command, II. 48; to lead the expedition against Louisbourg, II. 48; Amherst prevented from co-operation with, II. 75; the rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 76, 77; Amherst plans to assist him at Lake George, II. 80; expedition led by, against Ticonderoga, II. 85-113 note; his camp at Lake George, II. 88; his leadership, II. 89, 240; number of his troops, II. 88, 89; his opinion of Lord Howe, II. 89; statistics of the expedition against Ticonderoga, II. 91, 92, 431-433; the passage of Lake George, II. 92-94; the army lost in the woods, II. 95; effect of the death of Lord Howe upon his army, II. 97, 98; the army reaches the Falls, II. 98, 99; statements concerning the French defences, II. 100, 101; different courses of action open to, II. 101, 102; the eve of battle, II. 103, 104; order of the assault, II. 105-107; his encounter with Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. 106-110; his retreat, II. 110, 111, 114, 115, 165, 238; his losses, II. 110, 432, 433; a disgraceful order sent to Colonel Cummings, II. 114; nickname given to, by the Provincials, II. 115; visited by the chaplains, II. 117; sends a war-party into the woods, II. 121-123; despatches Bradstreet to capture Fort Frontenac, II. 127; receives news of the fall of Fort Frontenac, II. 127; joined by Amherst, II. 129; Fort Frontenac dismantled, II. 129; his camp broken up, II. 130; neglects to assist Forbes's army, II. 157; Amherst's superior leadership, II. 240; his letter to Pitt, II. 432. Abraham an Indian, I. 174. Abraham Martin, his name given to the Heights of Abraham, II. 289. Abraham, the Heights of, II. 259, 408, 438-441; Wolfe discovers a path ascending the cliff, II. 272, 273; general belief in the safety of the heights, II. 275, 276; ascent of the troops under Wolfe's direction, II. 281, 287; statistics concerning Wolfe's army, and the action upon, II. 438-441. Abraham, the Plains of, II. 200, 298 note, 327, 357; inaccessibility of, II. 260; Guienne's troops not at their post, II. 285; origin of the name, and description of, II. 289; the fall of Quebec, II. 302-324, 325 note, 326 note, 444. Acadia, I. 178, 486; population of, I. 20, 94, 124, 264, 284; attacks made on New England, I. 28; questions of boundary, I. 90, 122-128, 184, 236-238, 259; conquest of, by Nicholson in 1710, I. 90; conditions of residence for French subjects, I. 90, 91; conflict for, I. 90-127; English power in, I. 92; the naval station at Chebucto, I. 92, 93; ceded to England by France, I. 93, 94; determination of the French to recover it, I. 93-95; six principal parishes of, I. 94; documents on the affairs of, I. 94-96; religion, priests, and government of, I. 94, 99, 100, 107, 259, 260; attention given by Count Raymond to the affairs of, I. 102; wretched condition of the emigrants from, I. 109, 110; Joseph Le Loutre, the vicar-general of, I. 113; Beaubassin occupied by the English, I. 115-120; emigration encouraged by the French, I. 116; the question of French or English ownership, I. 123, 124, 184, 236, 239, II. 405; need of communication between Quebec and Cape Breton, I. 123; the census of, I. 124; expedition against, to be led by Lieutenant-Colonel Monckton, I. 194; sad condition of the people of, I. 234, 235; the French use the inhabitants to carry on their war-parties, I. 235; questions of policy for the French and English in Acadia, I. 236-241; probability of French invasion, I. 237; importance of her harbors, I. 237; arrival of the English troops, I. 246, 247; conditions leading to the expulsion of the inhabitants from, I. 253-266; removal of the inhabitants from their homes, I. 255, 266-284; encampment of the New England troops, I. 269, 270; tour of inspection made by Winslow, I. 271; arrival of the vessels of transport at Nova Scotia, I. 276; arrival of Saul with provisions, I. 278, 279; embarkation of the Acadians, I. 279-281; return of a portion of the exiles, I. 283; the act of expatriation criticised, I. 284; families of British stock settle in, I. 284; capture of forts by the English, I. 328; plans of Vaudreuil for conquest, II. 178. Acadians, the I. 93; religious privileges accorded to, by the treaty of Utrecht, I. 91, 256; required to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 91, 92, 235, 260; influence of the French upon, I. 91, 93-124, 235-237, 242-245; their religion, I. 91, 95, 259, 260, 281; their hostility to the English encouraged by the French priests, I. 91, 98-107, 109, 113, 114, 121, 122, 235, 236, 238, 257, 259, 260, 262, 264, II. 419-421; the war of 1745, I. 92; form of the oath of allegiance, I. 92 note, 265; their condition and numbers from 1748 to 1752, I. 93, 94; official papers relating to, I. 94-96; taught to love France, and to call themselves French subjects, I. 94, 235, 237, 243, 245, 253, 257; treatment received from the English, and mildness of their rule, I. 95-97, 235, 236, 261, II. 418, 419; quotations from Roma, alluding to, I. 96, 97; their fear of the Indians, I. 96, 108, 114, 235; join the Indian war-parties of the French against the English, I. 97, 103, 104, 262, 264, 275, II. 419-421; their neutrality, I. 97, 258; their oath of allegiance to be made more binding, I. 97, 98; deputies sent to meet Cornwallis at Halifax, I. 97, 98; their refusal to take an unqualified oath of allegiance to George II., I. 97, 98; promise good behavior and a reasonable compliance, I. 98; order of Cornwallis issued to, concerning the oath, I. 98, 99; plans of the French to recover their possessions, I. 98-100; their covert war, I. 99-105; advised by Desherbiers and others to refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 101, 106; letters from French officials showing their secret work against the English, I. 101; encouraged by the French to emigrate to French lands, I. 102, 108-110; testimony of Prévost concerning, I. 105; cruelly and dishonorably treated by the priest Le Loutre, I. 108-110, 113-122, 235-238, 242-245, II. 420, 421; wretchedness of the emigrants after leaving their English farms, I. 109, 110, 119, 120-122, 235-238, 243-245, 265, 266; speech of Cornwallis to the deputies, I. 110, 111, 112; treatment received from Hopson, I. 112, 113; French method of terrifying, by using the Micmacs, I. 113, 114; occupation of Beaubassin by the English, I. 115-120; disaffection among, I. 116; forcibly removed by the French from Beaubassin, and obliged to live on French ground, I. 116; the murder of Captain Howe, I. 118, 119; a French fort to be built on Beauséjour, I. 119, 120; ordered to swear allegiance to France, I. 120, 121; contest between French and English, I. 120-122; proclamation of Lawrence concerning, I. 121; absurd demands of Le Loutre, I. 121; a portion of the inhabitants cross the French lines, I. 121; their suffering inside the French lines, I. 121, 122, 244, 245; plans of Shirley to send away from Acadia all French settlers, 234, 257; a portion of the people transported to French settlements, I. 235, 235 note; fears of the English, I. 239-241; supplies sent to the emigrants, I. 242; their supplies stolen by the officials, I. 242; plans of Le Loutre for the emigrants, I. 243, 244; false statements of Le Loutre, I. 244; prevented by Le Loutre from appealing to Duquesne, I. 244; harsh treatment received from Governor Duquesne, I. 244, 245; desire of, to return to their English allegiance, I. 244, 245; an annoyance to the English, I. 245; dealt with by the French with heartlessness, I. 245; their terror upon the arrival of the English troops, I. 247; disloyalty of, I. 248, 257, 258; join the French garrison, I. 248; the siege of Beauséjour by the English, I. 248-253, 260; assisted by Le Loutre at Beauséjour, I. 250; capitulation of Beauséjour, I. 251; condition leading to the expulsion of, from Acadia, I. 253-266; ordered by Monckton to meet him at Beauséjour, I. 254; sentence pronounced upon, by Monckton, and prisoners taken at Fort Cumberland, I. 254, 255, 266; explanation of the imprisonment of, I. 255-266; prevented by the priests from joining the English, I. 255; again ordered to take the oath of allegiance, I. 255; demands made by the priests with regard to their return to their home, I. 255, 256; refuse to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 256; instruction sent to Governor Lawrence with regard to, I. 257; to be compelled to take the oath of allegiance, I. 257; desire of Shirley to expel from the county, I. 257; their country commonly considered an Arcadia, I. 258; depicted by Abbé Raynal, I. 258; their means and mode of living, I. 258-260; their population, I. 259; their houses, I. 259, 268; their food, I. 259; their furniture, I. 259; their animals, I. 259; their clothing, I. 259; marriages among, I. 259, 260; their village life, I. 259, 260; their priests, religion, and government, I. 259, 260; only a few take the required oath, I. 260; the priests assist the French Bishop and Governor of Canada, I. 260; loyal to Louis XV., and untrue to George II., 260, 264; described by Dieréville, I. 260 note; the oath of allegiance administered by Governor Lawrence, I. 260; emigration of a small number of, to Cape Breton, I. 260; they return, and take the oath of allegiance, I. 260; kind treatment vouchsafed to the loyal inhabitants, I. 260; memorial bought by, to Captain Murray, I. 260-263; contents of their memorial sent to Governor Lawrence, I. 260-263; their insolence, I. 261; ordered to take the oath of allegiance to England, or to leave the country, I. 263, 264; again refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 264; declare their preference to lose their lands, I. 264; plans of removal discussed by the English, I. 265, 266; resolution to remove the people from their country, I. 265, 266; instructions quoted with regard to the removal of, I. 266, 267; instrumentality of the priests in the expulsion of, I. 265, 266, 266 note; removal of, by the English, from their homes, I. 266-284; summoned to meet Winslow to hear the orders of George II., I. 271-274; meet Winslow in the church at Grand Pré, I. 272-274, 276; declared prisoners of the King, I. 274; unite with the Indians to attack the English, I. 275; number in charge of Winslow, I. 276; arrival of the transports, I. 276; detention of, on the vessels, I. 276, 277, 277 note; supplies for the prisoners delayed, I. 278, 279; cases of the separation of families, I. 279, 280; removal of, described, I. 279-282; effort of the prisoners to escape, I. 280; number of, embarked for the colonies, I. 280-282; guerilla warfare against the English, I. 282; distribution of the exiles, I. 282; treatment received in the colonies, I. 282; heartless outrages practised upon, in Canada, I. 282, 283, II. 26; exiles on one of the vessels escape to the St. John, I. 282; sent to France, I. 283; sent to England, I. 283; progenitors of the present race, I. 283; death of, I. 283; arrival of the exiles in Louisiana, I. 283; at the siege of Louisbourg, II. 62, 66; false dealing of, Boishébert, II. 170; their hostility to the English, II. 181. Achilles, I. 353, II. 184. Acts of Parliament. See Parliament. Adams, a wagoner, carries a letter of warning to Fort Lyman, I. 296; shot by the Indians, I. 299. Adams, Captain, I. 249, 270, 272; removal of the Acadians, I. 267, 270, 276, 277, 280 note. Adams, Parson, I. 6. Adirondacks, I. 453. Admiralty, the position held by Anson, I. 179. Admiralty, Lords of the, citation from letters to, I. 181. Africa, II. 44, 49; the French driven from Guinea, II. 47; the power of England over, II. 400; France cedes Senegal, II. 406. Aigues Mortes, dungeons of, I. 21. Aix-la-Chapelle, the treaty of, I. 9, 19, 36, 43, 94, 359, 360, II. 53, 406; questions of boundary to be settled by commissioners, I. 122-128. Alais, I. 455. Albany, I. 28, 65, 171, 233, 289, 290, 298, 310, 326, 403, 421, 435, 452, II. 91, 93; conservatism of, in the eighteenth century, I. 33; meeting of Indians and commissioners, I. 61; news sent to, of the death of Lord Howe, II. 98; advance of Bradstreet, II. 129; congress of Indians and English held, I. 172-176; plan of Franklin for colonial union, I. 175; the Dutch at, I. 193, 320; decisions of the council, I. 194, 195; described by Mrs. Grant, I. 319, 320; the base of military operations, I. 319, 320; headquarters of Shirley, I. 384, 393; the Indians mislead by the traders, I. 390; plans of Vaudreuil, I. 393, 394; return of Bradstreet, I. 395, 396; arrival of Webb and Abercromby, I. 399; rumors of danger from the enemy, I. 415, 475, II. 3. Albemarle, Lord, Governor of Virginia, I. 105 note, 137; English ambassador at Versailles, I. 180; his death, I. 184. Albemarle, Earl of, expedition of, II. 401, 402. "Alcide," the, I. 185. Alembert, D', I. 16. Alequippa, Queen, I. 151; flies from her possessions, I. 45. Alexander, II. 408. Alexandria, I. 142, 162, 247; camp of Braddock at, I. 191; council held at the camp, I. 196 note, 234, 241, 286. Algonquins, or Algonkins, the, I. 74; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 372; their means of divination, I. 438 note; called to a council by Montcalm, I. 485-489. Alleghany Mountains, the, I. 20, 40, 59, 124, 125, 127, 145, 148, 161, 372, II. 130, 133, 141; crossed by the English traders, I. 42; road made through, by Braddock's forces, I. 205, II. 138, 141; condition of the settlers, I. 335. Alleghany River, the, I. 39, 128, 133, 136, 143, 207, 222, 233, 423, 424, II. 149, 152, 154, 159; work of Céloron de Bienville, I. 43; settlement of Shenango, I. 46; a fort planned, I. 130. Allen, Ensign, to train the Provincials in Braddock's expedition, I. 200, 201. Allen, Chief Justice, letter from Bouquet quoted, II. 161, 161 note. Alsopp, George, II. 439. Alva, II. 404. Amalek, II. 89. America, I. 202, 219 note, 230 note, 251, 295, 360, 369, 383, II. 45, 49, 191, 271, 391, 401; conditions during, and results following, the Seven Years War in Europe, I. 1, 20; complication of political interests, I. 1, 3, 4; the War of Independence, I. 1; the British and French possessions compared, I. 1-3; British soldiers in, I. 9; number of French and English inhabitants in the middle of the eighteenth century, I. 20; towns and colonies compared and contrasted, I. 25-36; plan for the increase of French settlements, I. 37; questions of boundaries, I. 37, 43, 76, 79, 86, 122-128; commissioners appointed to decide upon French and English possessions in, I. 123-127; the balance of power, I. 126; conditions in the English colonies, I. 160-171; results of the meeting of the colonial Assemblies with their governors, I. 163-169; France and England compared, I. 181; the policy of England, I. 181; regiments ordered to, from England, I. 181, 182; expedition ordered to, from France, I. 182, 183; council of American governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195; the democracy of Pennsylvania, I. 338; holds a secondary place in the interests of France, I. 355; conflict of the eighteenth century, I. 355; French power in, to be sustained, I. 356, 414; money granted by Parliament to the colonies, I. 382, 382 note; usefulness of Indian warriors, I. 484; the power of Pitt, II. 43, 44; interest felt for, by Pitt, II. 47-49; prophecy of John Mellen, II. 378; and of the French and English War, II., 378-382, 386; predictions concerning the future of the British colonies, II. 403, 404. American Antiquarian Society, the, I. 48; plate buried by the French in possession of, I. 48; Transactions of, I. 48. Amherst, Lieutenant-Colonel, recaptures St. John's, II. 402. Amherst, Jeffrey, II. 194 note, 231, 339; recalled from the German war, II. 48; his character, II. 48; promoted to be major-general, II. 48; takes command of the expedition against Louisbourg, II. 48, 49, 51, 56-81; plans of attack, II. 57, 58; lands his troops at Freshwater Cove, II. 57-60; his camp, II. 61; roads made through marshes, II. 61, 62; courtesies between the commanders, II. 64, 65; his humanity, II. 70, 70 note, 374; terms of capitulation extended to Louisbourg, II. 71, 72; capitulation of Louisbourg, II. 74, 75, 75 note; prevented from uniting with Abercromby, II. 75; increases his conquests, II. 78; action after the reduction of Louisbourg, II. 79, 80; orders issued to Wolfe, II. 80, 81; evidences concerning the siege of Louisbourg, II. 81 note; joins Abercromby at Lake George, II. 129; letter sent to, from General Forbes, II. 161; his army moves against Ticonderoga, II. 197, 210, 222; his ability to render aid to Wolfe, II. 210, 212; commander-in-chief of the troops in America, II. 235; plans of Pitt for his movements, II. 235, 236; deputes Prideaux to take charge of the expedition against Niagara, II. 235, 236; the capture of Ticonderoga, II. 235-241; on Lake George, II. 235, 236; forts built by, II. 237; Bourlamaque retires before, II. 238, 239; Ticonderoga blown up by the French, II. 239; advances upon Crown Point, II. 240, 241; his delay in joining Wolfe, II. 240-242, 249, 250, 272, 323; Crown Point rebuilt by, II. 240, 241; roads built by, across Vermont, II. 241; his navy, II. 241, 242, 251, 252; at Crown Point, II. 249; tries to pacify the Abenakis, II. 251; sends Major Rogers to destroy the Abenakis' town, II. 251, 253; unsuccessful attempt to reach Isle-aux-Noix, II. 251, 252; the result of his campaign, II. 252, 253; desired to send supplies to Rogers, II. 254, 256, 257; Lieutenant Stephan sent to meet Rogers' rangers, II. 256, 257; letter from Rogers, II. 258 note; defers his advance upon Montreal, II. 265; his plans, II. 361; the fall of Canada, II. 361-382; his army embarks for Montreal, II. 369; the "Ottawa" captured, II. 369; attacks Fort Lévis, II. 369, 370; passage of the rapids, II. 370, 371; encamps near Montreal, II. 371; number of his troops, II. 372, 372 note; a council of war held by Vaudreuil, II. 372; articles of capitulation insisted upon by Amherst, II. 372-374; his detestation of French cruelty, II. 373; Vaudreuil obliged to surrender Montreal, II. 376; the news of his victory received in Boston, II. 377-379; sends his brother to recapture St. John's, II. 402. Amonoosuc River, the, II. 256, 257. Anastase, I. 209. Anastase, Father, I. 209. Anbury, the traveller, II. 426. Ange, Gardien L', landing of the English before, II. 217; burned by the order of Wolfe, II. 261. Anglican Church, the, in New York, I. 32. Anglicans, the, I. 29. Anglo-Saxon race, the, I. 25. Annapolis, Acadia, I. 92, 106, 178, 241, 279; garrison at, I. 92, 93; parish of, I. 94; Acadians encouraged to emigrate from, I. 108, 109; the inhabitants of the valley, I. 235; French feeling in the hearts of the inhabitants, I. 237; arrival of the English force, I. 247; means of living practised by the Acadians, I. 258, 259; number of Acadians sent away in the vessels, I. 280; isolation of the garrison at, II. 77; rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 77, 78. Anne, Fort, II. 121. Anse de Foulon, II. 276, 284, 286, 344, 346, 347, 354; now called Wolfe's Cove, II. 278. Anson, First Lord of the Admiralty, I. 179, II. 50. Anthonay, D', lieutenant-colonel, sent to the English concerning the terms of capitulation for Louisbourg, II. 71; empowered to accept the capitulation for Louisbourg, II. 73, 74. "Apollon," the number of her guns, II. 54 note. Appendix A., II. 417, 418; references to, I. 67 note, 68 note, 78 note. Appendix B., II. 418-421; references to, I. 100 note, 104 note, 127 note. Appendix C., II. 421-423; references to, I. 158 note, 161 note. Appendix D., II. 423-426; references to, I. 208 note, 215 note. Appendix E., II. 426-428. Appendix F., II. 428-431. Appendix G., II. 431-436; references to, II. 93 note, 113 note. Appendix H., II. 436-438. Appendix I., II. 438; reference to, II. 298 note. Appendix J., II. 438-441, 442; reference to, II. 326 note. Appendix K., II. 442-444; reference to, II. 359 note. Appleton, Nathaniel, his utterance after the fall of Canada, II. 379. Apthorp, a Boston merchant, I. 245; furnishes money for the English troops, I. 245. Arbuthnot, William, his attestation, I. 505 note. Arcadia, I. 258. "Aréthuse," the, II. 63; number of her guns, II. 54 note; fires upon the English, II. 64; withdrawn from her position, II. 65. Argens, D', letters from Frederick II., II. 387-389. Argenson, D', Minister of War, 1743-1747, I. 15, 355, 367, II. 44; writes to Montcalm of his appointment, I. 360; letter to, from Montcalm, I. 377; reinforcements sent to Canada, I. 467, 468. Armstrong, Colonel George, I. 423, II. 158; the attack upon Kittanning, I. 423-427; receives a medal from the Council of Philadelphia, I. 426. Army, the English, matters pertaining to the troops, I. 383-387; discipline in, II. 119. See English. Army, the French, description of French troops, I. 368-373; number of troops in Canada, I. 368, I. 368 note. See French. Army, the Provincial, I. 290, 291; manners and morals of, I. 292; preaching on Sunday to, I. 295, 296. Army chaplains, II. 116, 117. Arnoux, Surgeon, II. 308; Montcalm carried to his house, II. 308, 441. Arthur's Club, I. 7. Artillery Cove, I. 498. Artois, batallion of, I. 368, II. 54, 73; ordered to America, I. 182. Ashley, Dr., his death, II. 120. Ashley, John, difficulties among the war committees, I. 387. Asia, diplomatic and political position of France and England towards, I. 3, 4; the power of England over, II. 400. Assemblies of the English colonies, the, neglect their own interests, I. 86; instructions from the Lords of Trade, I. 172, 173; matters to be laid before, I. 195. Assembly of Massachusetts, the, dealings of Governor Shirley with, I. 168, 169; grants money to aid the English in Maine, I. 169; plans of Shirley laid before, I. 241; money and supplies voted by, for the expedition against Crown Point, I. 285, 286. Assembly of New York, the, I. 59; quotation from Governor Clinton concerning their neglect in protecting Indian trade, II. 61, 62; apathy of, I. 73; address of, to Lieutenant-Governor Delancey, cited, I. 168; results of the meeting of, with the Governor of New York, I. 168, 169; its hostility to Johnson, I. 328; political difficulties, I. 350. Assembly of Pennsylvania, the, I. 59, 141, 142, 426; refuses the request of the Indians to build a trading-house on the Ohio, I. 60; unwilling to aid Dinwiddie, I. 142; letter from the Earl of Holdernesse laid before, I. 165; persons composing, I. 165, 166; result of the meeting with the Governor, I. 165-168; quarrels with the Governor, I. 191, 340-342, 348, 349, 350 note, 351 note, II. 131, 135; needs of the people laid before, I. 336; causes of military paralysis, I. 337, 338; question of taxing proprietary lands, I. 337-341, 344-347; Benjamin Franklin leader in, I. 338; relations of, with the people, I. 339-350; relations of, with Governor Morris, I. 339-350; contentions with the Quakers and the Governor, I. 340, 341; desires to issue bills of credit, I. 344-346; the paper called a "Representation" sent to the House, I. 346; anger of the Quakers, I. 346, 347; deputations from the people and from friendly Indians seeking aid, I. 347; growing unpopularity of, I. 347, 348; a militia law passed, I. 348; the proprietaries of Pennsylvania offer to raise money for defence, I. 349; difficulties in quartering the troops, I. 439, 440. Assembly of Virginia, I. 137; efforts of Dinwiddie to repel the French in the West, I. 137-140; aid voted to Dinwiddie, i, 139, 140, 233; slowness of movement of, I. 144; speech of Dinwiddie to, I. 163, 164, 165; result of the meeting with Dinwiddie, I. 165, 233; the distress of the people, I. 332, 333; the needs of Washington, I. 332, 333; needs of the people laid before, I. 336. Atlantic Ocean, the, I. 4, 87, 123, 205, 469, II. 176, 412; the United States, II. 413; English possessions bordering on, I. 20. Attiqué, village of, I. 45; French name of Kittanning, I. 426. See Kittanning. Aubry, II. 244; the engagement at Niagara, II. 244-249; taken prisoner, II. 248. Augsburg, II. 394. Augusta, Fort, II. 147. "Auguste," fate of the, II. 384, 385. Augustus the Strong, I. 10. Aulac, inhabitants removed from, I. 255; the declaration of Monckton, I. 254. Austria, effects of the French alliance, I. 2; succession of Maria Theresa, I. 18; political alliances sought, I. 353, 354; a Catholic country, I. 355; troops sent against, I. 363; position of affairs in Europe, II. 38, 39; policy of George III., II. 393; hostile to Prussia, II. 399; the treaty of Hubertsburg, II. 407. Austria, House of, its rule, I. 16, 17; enmity of France towards, I. 19. Austrian Succession, the war of, I. 19. Austrians, the, II. 40; the battle of Prague, II. 39; routed at Leuthen, II. 46; fly before Frederic, II. 386. Auxerrois, I. 359. Avery, Ensign, the expedition against the Abenakis, II. 255-257. Avon River, the former name of, I. 268. Awe River, the, II. 433.

B.

Babiole, I. 354. Baby, a Canadian officer, I. 330 note. Babylon, II. 89, 378, 384. Bagley, Colonel Jonathan, II. 76, 77, 115, 117; commands at Fort William Henry, I. 388; preparations for attacking Ticonderoga, I. 388, 389; extracts from his letters, I. 389. Bahama Islands, the, I. 421. Baker, a soldier, I. 424. Bald Mountain, I. 477. Ball, a dog, II. 189. Ballads, II. 233 note. Barachois, II. 63, 67; approach of the English, II. 64. Barbadoes, Island of, II. 190. Barnsley, Thomas, II. 124 note. Barré, II. 46, 268. Barrington, Viscount, II. 398, 432; replaces Chancellor Legge, II. 393. Bassignac, De, curious incident in the attack on Montcalm, at Ticonderoga, II. 107. Bastille, the, I. 15, II. 385. Bath, Lady, I. 189. Bath, Lord, II. 404 note. Bath, England, I. 7, 188, 311, II. 190. Batiscan, I. 371, II. 332. Bavaria, the Elector of, I. 19. Béarn, the battalion of, I. 374, II. 104, 109, 230; ordered to America, I. 182; uniform of the battalion of, I. 368 note; encamped before Niagara, I. 376; capture of Oswego, I. 408; preparations to attack Fort William Henry, I. 477; advance of Montcalm upon Fort William Henry, I. 491; mutiny at Montreal, II. 10; attack upon Quebec, II. 292. Beaubassin, Madame de, suppers given by, I. 458. Beaubassin, I. 94; English occupation of, I. 115, 116-120; the parish fired by Le Loutre, I. 116; departure of Major Lawrence from, and return of, I. 116, 117. Beauce, I. 76. Beauchamp, merchant, I. 271. Beaucour, La Roche, I. 457, II. 428. Beaujeu, Captain, at Fort Duquesne, I. 208, II. 423; encounter of the French with the English, I. 210-227; death of, I. 215. Beaumont, II. 225. Beauport, the village of, II. 200, 212, 228, 265, 274, 303; Montcalm stations his camp here at the siege of Quebec, II. 200, 201, 208, 209, 292, 298 note, 305; attack of Wolfe on the French camp, II. 230-233; approach of Wolfe's fleet, II. 282, 288; flight of the French army, II. 300-302, 307; the French supplies plundered, II. 311; return of the army to Quebec, II. 313. Beauport, River of, II. 201, 208, 209. Beauséjour, Fort, I. 122, II. 181; erected by the French, I. 119, 120, 235; an attack upon, planned by the English, I. 192-194, 196, 236, 239, 241, 245; strength of the fort, I. 238, 241; M. Vergor commandant of, I. 239, 241, 242; official corruption at, I. 242, 243, 245, 250, 251; encounter of the French with the English, I. 247-253, 260; capitulation offered by the French, I. 251; escape of Le Loutre, I. 252; capture of, I. 253, 256, II. 193, 278; became Fort Cumberland, I. 253; encampment of Monckton, I. 254; the declaration of Monckton, I. 254; inhabitants removed from, I. 255; departure of Winslow from, I. 267. Beauséjour, hill, I. 116, 118. Beaver, King, Indian chief, II. 145. Beaver. See Fur-trade. Beaver Creek, II. 145. Becancour, M. de, I. 71. Becancour, I. 485. Bedford, Duke of, II. 393; sent to Paris to negotiate for peace, II. 403. Bedford, Fort, erection of, II. 141. Bedford, town of, II. 133. Belcher, Governor of New Jersey, I. 392; declares war against the Indians, I. 392; postpones his action, I. 393. Belêtre conducts a war-party, I. 74; the attack at German Flats, II. 6, 7. Belknap, his "History of New Hampshire" cited, I. 510 note. Bellamy, George Anne, story of Braddock in regard to, I. 190, 190 note. Bellaston, Lady, I. 6. Belleisle, Maréchal de, minister of war, 1758-1761, II. 35, 176; double-dealing and boasting of Vaudreuil, II. 171-173, 198; his letter to Montcalm, II. 176, 177; plans of war enjoined upon Montcalm, II. 177, 178; letter from Vaudreuil to, II. 319. Belleisle, II. 401, 405. Bellona, I. 480. Bengal, II. 406. Bennington, I. 291. Benoît, II. 28. Berkeley, Sir William, his opinion of education for the people, I. 29. Berks, I. 347. Berlin, II. 388. Bernard, Governor of Massachusetts, II. 376, 377. Bernès, II. 99. Berniers, commissary-general, II. 259, 260, 438; the state of Quebec described after the siege, II. 328. Bernis, Abbé de, minister of foreign affairs, II. 393. Berry, battalion of, II. 87, 88, 99, 100, 104, 105. Berryer, minister of marine and colonies, 1758-1761, II. 175; official corruption in Canada, II. 31-33; ministerial rebukes sent to officials in Canada, II. 31-37; letters from Vaudreuil, II. 141, 142, 173, 318, 319; boasting and jealousy of Vaudreuil, II. 164, 171; prepossessed against Bouganville, II. 173, 175; reproof given to Vaudreuil, II. 375. Biddle, Edward, letter from Reading, I. 344. "Biche" number of her guns, II. 54 note. "Bienfaisant," II. 67; number of her guns, II. 54 note; seized by the English, II. 68, 69. Bienville, Céloron de. See Céloron. Bigot, François, Intendant of Canada, I. 65 note, 67, 67 note, 77 note, 80, 81, 242, II. 9, 17; his official corruption, I. 80, 81, 87, 88, 242, 462, II. 22-38; his plans against the English, I. 101; the Indians encouraged to butcher the English, I. 103; sails for Europe, I. 242; returns to Canada, I. 253; defends Vergor, I. 253, II. 278; his character and office, I. 376, II. 17, 18, 32, 33; his popularity, I. 466; relates the cruelties of the Indians, II. 4, 5; his relations with Vaudreuil, II. 18, 319, 323; his birth, II. 18; his official journeys and pleasure-excursions, II. 18-21; his manner of life, II. 18-22, 28-30, 203; his houses and palace, II. 21, 22; his gambling, and frauds in trade, II. 21, 22-28; his circle of friends, II. 22-30; the lover of Madame Péan, II. 28; receives ministerial rebukes, II. 31-37; promissory notes issued, II. 32; revelations of his stealings, II. 34-37, 37 note; breaks with Cadet, II. 36; statistics concerning the rations at Fort Duquesne, II. 152 note; the dissensions between Montcalm and Vaudreuil, II. 167; the siege and reduction of Quebec, II. 202, 234, 259, 326 note; Vaudreuil holds a council of war, II. 218, 219, 305, 306; forces at Quebec, II. 298 note, 437; French troops available after the battle, II. 305 note; returns with the army to Quebec, II. 313, 314; arrested, and thrown into the Bastille, II. 385; his trial, II. 385, 386; his sentence, II. 386; his letters, II. 438. "Billy" assists Surgeon Williams, I. 306; sickness in the army, II. 120. "Bizarre," number of her guns, II. 54 note. Black Hole of Calcutta, the, II. 45. Black Hunter, the, I. 204. Black Mountain, I. 430. Black Point, II. 53. Black Rifle, the, I. 204. Blanchard, Colonel, defends Fort Lyman, I. 294; a letter of warning sent to, I. 296. Blodget, Samuel, I. 301 note; his view of the battle at Lake George, I. 306; prospective plan, etc., of the battle near Lake George, etc., I. 316 note, 317 note. Blomedon, Cape, I. 268, 269. "Bloody morning scout," the, I. 303. Bloody Pond, origin of its name, I. 309. Blue Ridge, panic among the settlers, I. 331. Bœufs, Rivière aux, I. 128. Boishébert, a French officer, I. 265, 266, 420, 436; to induce the Acadians to leave their home, I. 99; troops sent to watch the English frontier, I. 116; letter to Manach quoted, I. 266; leads the attack at Peticodiac, I. 276; forces of, I. 276 note; approaches Louisbourg, II. 66; tried for peculation, II. 170; his dealings with the Acadians, II. 170. Bolling, a Virginia gentleman, I. 226, 226 note. Bolton, I. 492 note. Bonaventure, I. 125. Bond, Dr., I. 228. Bonhomme, Michel, II. 309. Bonnecamp, Father, a Jesuit priest, I. 52, 53; extract from his journal, I. 39, 45, 62 note; his map, I. 62 note; at Detroit, I. 76; his opinion of Céloron, I. 77. Bordeaux, I. 457, II. 18, 23. Boscawen, Admiral, ordered to intercept the French fleet, I. 184-186; takes charge of the fleet sent against Louisbourg, II. 49, 51, 56-74; at Halifax, II. 56, 57; siege and capitulation of Louisbourg, II. 57-75; the correspondence with Drucour, II. 71, 72, 74, 81 note; unwilling to follow Amherst's wishes, II. 79. Boston, I. 239, 245, 317 note, II. 77, 79; relative size of, I. 31; rules laid down for the soldiers on the Sabbath Day, I. 246; departure of the English troops for Nova Scotia, I. 247; transport-vessels to be hired to convey the Acadians from Nova Scotia, I. 266, 276; treatment received by the Acadian exiles, I. 282; winter-quarters found for the troops, I. 439, 440; rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 78; taxes levied to pay the war-debt, II. 85; news of the fall of Canada, II. 377. "Boston Evening Post," article upon provincial soldiery, II. 118, 119. Botwood, Edward, killed, II. 233 note; "Hot Stuff," II. 234 note. Bougainville, I. 376, 407, 454; aide-de-camp to Montcalm, I. 282, 361; his description of the Acadian exiles, I. 282, 283; his youth, I. 363; friendly relations with Montcalm, I. 363, 456, 465; terms of capitulation proposed to the English, at Oswego, I. 413; joins the war-party of Perière, I. 429-431; his description of the Indians and their cruelties, I. 430, 431, 465, 478, 479, 483, 484, 506, 507, II. 4, 5, 10, 11, 145 note; perplexity at finding the boats of Rogers, I. 437; praised by Bourlamaque, I. 455; life during Lent, I. 458; the ships-of-war at Louisbourg, I. 473 note; seeks to gain Indian allies, I. 475, 476; sings the war-song, I. 476; the "St. Bartholomew of the oxen," I. 479; his diary quoted, I. 503, 513 note; sent as a messenger to Montreal from Fort William Henry, I. 508; evidence concerning the massacre at Fort William Henry, I. 514 note; official knavery commented upon, II. 27; double-dealing of Vaudreuil, II. 173; extract from, concerning Vaudreuil's plans, II. 86, 87; slightly wounded, II. 110; expedition of, to France, II. 173-176; his efforts to gain aid for Canada, II. 173-175; his promotion, II. 174; to negotiate the marriages of the children of Montcalm, II. 176; return to Canada, II. 176, 177, 197, 198; sad news brought to Montcalm, II. 179; his opinion of the strength of Quebec, II. 209; sent from Beauport to oppose the English, II. 263; precautions taken to watch the shore of Quebec, II. 275, 276; at Cap-Rouge, II. 276; Holmes's vessels sail up the river, II. 278, 279; deceived by a feint of Wolfe, II. 279, 280; deceived by the movement of Holmes's vessels, II. 283; supply-boats to be sent to Montcalm, II. 283, 286; neglects to follow Holmes's vessels, II. 285; danger of Wolfe's position, II. 288, 289; attacks the light infantry, II. 290; repulsed, II. 290; statistics of the forces at Quebec, II. 298 note; the fall of his friends, II. 304; council of war held, II. 305; his forces, II. 305, 305 note; question of capitulation for Quebec, II. 305-307; remains at Cap-Rouge, II. 313, 314; follows the army to Quebec, II. 314; the fall of Canada, II. 360-382; at Isle-aux-Noix, II. 361; ordered to stop Haviland's progress, II. 367; at Montreal, II. 372; articles of capitulation carried to Amherst, II. 372-373; Montreal capitulates, II. 372-374. Boundary, questions of, I. 37, 61, 79, 122, 123-128, 168, 184, 236-238, 259; the matter discussed at Paris, I. 86. Bouquet, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry, II. 133; serves in reducing Fort Duquesne, II. 133, 163; interview with Washington, II. 133; his soldiers, II. 133; the expedition against Fort Duquesne, II. 133-163; justice of his opinion of Washington, II. 134; relations with Forbes, II. 134, 135; extracts from his correspondence with Forbes, II. 136-138, 142, 154, 155; his tact with the Indians, II. 139, 140; forward movement of, II. 141; the road over Alleghanies, II. 141; Grant's expedition, II. 151-155; retreat of Major Grant, II. 154; sufferings of Forbes's troops, II. 157; letter to Chief Justice Allen quoted, II. 161, 161 note. Bourbon, house of, I. 9, 41, 42, 76, 453, II. 397, 408; triumphs of, I. 10; the Family Compact, II. 396. Bourbon, Island of, I. 10. Bourgogne, battalion of, I. 368, II. 54; ordered to America, I. 182. Bourlamaque, Chevalier de, I. 373, II. 96, 212, 308; named as the third officer of Montcalm, I. 360, II. 87; embarks for America, I. 363, 364; extracts from his correspondence with Montcalm, I. 454, 455, 457-459, 466, II. 7, 8, 167-169, 275, 427, 428, 438; encampment of, I. 477; preparations to attack Fort William Henry, I. 477; his efforts to save the English, I. 510; Montcalm's position near Ticonderoga, II. 99; the battle of Ticonderoga, II. 104; wounded, II. 110; his promotion, II. 174; ordered to hold Ticonderoga, II. 195; troops ordered to Quebec, II. 198; letter from Vaudreuil, II. 233; Amherst attacks him, II. 237, 238; retires before Amherst, II. 238; at Isle-aux-Noix, II. 238, 239, 249, 265; letter from Lévis quoted, II. 252; retreat of, II. 265; letter from Vaudreuil, II. 275; his troops advance upon Montreal, II. 364, 365; his troops thinning out, II. 365, 366; joined by the French, II. 368; movements of Amherst, II. 369, 370; at Montreal, II. 372; letter from Montcalm given in the original, II. 427, 428. Braddock, Major-General, I. 181, 286, 318; ordered to America with regiments, I. 181-183; his arrival at Hampton, I. 187; opinion of, expressed by Dinwiddie, I. 187, 188; opinions of, held by different persons, I. 187-190; characteristics of, I. 187-191; anecdotes of, I. 188-190; story told of duel with Colonel Gumley, I. 189; beloved as Governor of Gibraltar, I. 189, 190; interview with Dury, I. 190; parting visit to George Anne Bellamy, I. 190; doubts concerning the office held at Gibraltar, I. 190 note; position held by, in the Coldstream Guards, I. 191; arrival of the regiments at Hampton, I. 191; opinion of, held by Horace Walpole, I. 191; sends for the governors of the colonies to meet in council, I. 191-195; his instructions laid before the council at Albany, I. 193, 194; in sympathy with Shirley's plans, I. 193, 194; to lead the expedition against Fort Duquesne, I. 194; decisions of the Council at Albany, I. 194, 195; suggestions of, approved by the Council at Albany, I. 195; matters to be laid before the colonial Assemblies, I. 195; suggestions of, with regard to ship-building, I. 195; error in regard to his campaign, I. 196; lands in Virginia, I. 196; supplies scarce, I. 197-199; aided by Franklin, I. 198, 199; his expedition against Fort Duquesne, I. 198, 227-233, II. 423-426; need of wagons, I. 199; his troops, I. 200, 214, 220 note; his estimate of the provincial troops, I. 200, 201; relations with Washington, I. 201; his horses and wagons, I. 199, 201; invites Washington to become his aide-de-camp, I. 203; tries to secure the aid of Indians, I. 203, 204; his reception of Captain Jack and his company, I. 204; departure of his expedition for the scene of action, I. 204, 205; his scorn of Indians, I. 204, 205; road made for his expedition, I. 204-206, II. 133, 137, 161; difficulties of the march, I. 205, 206; consultation with Washington, I. 206; his forces reach Little Meadows, I. 206; illness among his men, I. 206; his mode of advance, I. 206, 207; fords the Monongahela, I. 207, 212; rumors of his approach reach Fort Duquesne, I. 210, 211; nature of the country through which he passed, 213-216; destructive fire of the French and Indians, I. 216, 217; confusion among the English troops, I. 216, 218; his ignorance of American warfare, I. 217; horrors of the battle, I. 217-219; number of his army lost in the battle of the Monongahela, I. 219, 220, 220 note; shot in the lungs, I. 220; his papers left to the Indians, I. 220; retreat of his troops, I. 220-227; his defeat, I. 220-227, 221 note, 293, 322, 323, 329, 340, 414, II. 221, 423-426; plans drawn by Mackellar for his expedition, I. 221 note; condition of, I. 223; his sufferings, I. 224; reinforcements for, under Dunbar, I. 223, 224; confusion in his camp, I. 225; panic among the troops, I. 225; his death, I. 225, 226, 323, 328, II. 134; remarks concerning the soldiery, I. 225, 226; buried in the road, I. 226; mentioned in Campbell's letter, I. 227; letter from Washington quoted, concerning, I. 230; Shirley made commander-in-chief, I. 233; the Council at Alexandria, I. 234, 286; letters of, warn Dieskau of danger, I. 288, 289; his dead soldiers left to the wolves, but afterwards buried, I. 312, II. 159, 160; his captured papers reveal the plans of the English, I. 324; his instructions to Major-General Shirley, I. 326 note; his roads used by the invaders, I. 331; his battalions, I. 382; journal of his expedition, I. 196 note; compared with Forbes, II. 134. Braddock, Fanny, stories of, I. 188, 189; her death, I. 188, 189. Bradstreet, Lieutentant-Colonel John, men placed under, by Shirley, I. 393; his boatmen carry provisions to Oswego, I. 393, 394; action with Villiers' forces, I. 394-396; his success, I. 395-397; his boatmen sent to Oswego, I. 405; serves under Abercromby, II. 93; reconnoitres the landing, II. 94; his action after the death of Lord Howe, II. 98; his armed boatmen, II. 105; troops given him to conquer Fort Frontenac, II. 127, 128; conquest of Fort Frontenac, II. 127-129; mercy shown to his prisoners, II. 128, 129; advances towards Albany, II. 129; his return to Oswego, II. 129; Fort Frontenac dismantled, II. 129; importance of his conquest, II. 129; supplies destroyed by, II. 155; reported to advance upon Lake Ontario, II. 197. Brandenburg, House of, promoted to royalty, I. 17. Brest, I. 182, 184, 288, 362; embarkation of Dieskau's expedition, I. 182, 183; French armament at, I. 183. Bréard, his official knavery, II. 23, 24; accused of fraud in Canada, II. 385. "Britannia," ship, II. 33; captured by privateers, II. 33. British colonies. See English colonies. British ministry, the, I. 199, 285, II. 40, 397; the plan for building a naval station at Chebucto, I. 92, 93; attitude of, toward the Indians, I. 171; the French forts to be attacked, I. 240, 241; hostility to Shirley in New York, I. 328; the removal of Shirley from his command, I. 383, 384; ill effect of a letter from Wolfe, II. 323; changes in, II. 393; Newcastle resigns his position, II. 400; plans of Pitt laid before, II. 397. British Museum, the, I. 126 note, 202. British Provinces, the, I. 283. Britons, II. 208. Broadway, II. 76. Broglie, I. 10. Brown, Lieutenant, the attack on Louisbourg, II. 59-61; aids Wolfe when shot, II. 296. Brunswick, II. 47. Brunswick, Ferdinand of, II. 399, 400. Buchanan, letter to, from John Campbell, I. 227. Buchannon. See Buchanan. Buffaloes, I. 56. Buisson, the, II. 370. Bull, Fort, I. 374; attacked and reduced by Léry, I. 374, 375. Bullitt, Captain, expedition of Major Grant, II. 152, 154. Burd, Colonel, his mode of warfare, II. 135; interview with Forbes, II. 138; Indian allies join the army, II. 139, 140. Burgesses slow to enforce obedience among the Virginia troops, I. 331. Burghers, the, of France, I. 14. Burgoyne, John, II. 102; his expedition, II. 402; mention made of Langlade, in connection with Braddock's defeat, II. 426. Burke, Captain, cruelly treated by Indians, I. 511; his remarks concerning Wolfe quoted, II. 267, 268. Burnaby, "Travels in North America" cited, I. 163 note. Burned Camp, I. 490, II. 94; origin of name, I. 489. Burney, Thomas, escapes from Indians, I. 85. Burton, Lieutenant-Colonel, his encounter with the French in Braddock's expedition, I. 218; his report concerning the provincial camp, I. 401, 402; orders given to bring his men to the Point of Orleans, II. 281; his men embark for the heights, II. 288; dying command of Wolfe, II. 297. Bury, Viscount, his charges against Massachusetts refuted, II. 84, 85; his "Exodus of the Western Nations" cited, II. 84 note. Bussy, M. de, comes to London as envoy, II. 395. Bute, Earl of, II. 393, 397; made secretary of state, II. 393; propositions made by Choiseul to Pitt, II. 395; comes into power, II. 398; anecdote for the dislike of the people for, II. 398; succeeds Newcastle as First Lord of the Treasury, II. 400; desires peace with France, II. 402, 403; peace made between France and England, II. 405. Buttes-à-Neveu, II. 290, 345, 354. Byng, Admiral, I. 36, II. 46.

C.

Cabinet, the. See British Ministry. Cadet, Joseph, II. 175; official knavery, II. 22-28, 30, 319, 358, 385; ministerial rebukes administered to, II. 31-33; oppresses the Canadians, II. 169, 170; supply-boats sent to Quebec, II. 198; relations with Vaudreuil, II. 199, 319, 323; his manner of living, II. 203; thrown into the Bastille, II. 385; his trial, II. 385, 386. Cæsar, dog owned by Wolfe, II. 189. Cahokia, French settlement at, I. 41. Caldwell, site of, I. 498. Calvin, John, I. 27; his doctrines preached to the army, I. 295, 296, II. 120, 121. Cambis, batallion of, II. 54. Campbell, Lieutenant Alexander, II. 435. Campbell, Major Colin, sent for news by Dinwiddie, I. 229. Campbell, Donald, II. 433. Campbell, Duncan, II. 93; his premonitions of death, II. 93, 435; his death and burial, II. 109, 433, 435, 436; the legend of Inverawe, II. 433-436; vision of the child, II. 435, 436. Campbell, James, II. 433; vision seen by the child, II. 435, 436. Campbell, John, letter from, to Buchanan, quoted, I. 227. Campbell, Captain John, his death, II. 109. Canada, I. 24, 38, 39, 67 note, 76, 91, 111, 239, 319, 326, 376, II. 23, 389; conquest of, by England, I. 2, 3; plans and political intentions of England with regard to, I. 1-3; censuses of, I. 20, 94 note; French possessions in, I. 20; difference in the political and religious systems, from those of the English colonies, I. 20, 21; Catholicism in, I. 21, II. 412; aspects of, under the Church and King, I. 22-24; lack of popular legislation in, I. 35; the governors largely naval officers, I. 36; line of military posts connecting with Louisiana, I. 36-40, 80; methods of warfare and organization, I. 62, 143, 144; mission of Piquet, I. 67; method of building up a town, I. 77; La Jonquière succeeds La Galissonière as governor of, I. 82; importance of Fort Chartres, I. 84; internal disorders of, I. 86, 87; official knavery and stealing, I. 87, 88, II. 22-38, 171, 319, 321, 322, 358, 385, 386; confines of, I. 125; enmity towards New England, I. 169, 170, 176; Governor de Vaudreuil despatched to, I. 182; French expedition sails for, under Dieskau, I. 182, 183; plans of Shirley in regard to, I. 192, 193; plans of the English to repel the French in, I. 234; importance of the possession of Acadia, I. 237; return of Bigot, I. 253; conditions leading to the removal of the Acadians, I. 253-266 (see Acadia and Acadians); the governor of, depends on the priests for aid, I. 260; the Great Company, I. 283; the English victorious, I. 307-309; importance of the position of Niagara, I. 318, II. 249; the fur-trade, I. 320; growth of political parties in, I. 367, 368, 466; the French troops and the militia, I. 368, 368 note, 370, 371, 372, 467, 468, II. 178, 360; descriptions given by Montcalm, I. 372, 373; descriptions given by Duchat, I. 379, 380; causes of the English losses, I. 417-420; life at Montreal, I. 453; its government, II. 17, 18; social and official life, II. 18-22, 28-30; financial condition, II. 31-33; efforts of Massachusetts to subdue, II. 84, 85, 115; mission settlements of the Jesuits, I. 144, 145; appeal made to court for assistance and troops, II. 173-177; fall of Quebec, 195-234, 259-326 (see Quebec); effect of losing Fort Niagara, II. 249; the result of Amherst's campaign, II. 252, 253; Montcalm's position, II. 262; authorities concerning the history of, II. 325 note, 326 note; English rule, II. 332; its winter, II. 333; passes to the British crown, II. 360-382, 395; Montreal capitulates, II. 372-374; return of the troops to France, II. 374, 383, 384; utterances from the pulpits after the fall of, II. 377-379; her natural defences, II. 380; end of the war, II. 378-382; aided by Indians, II. 381, 382; question of restoration to France, II. 403, 407; predictions of Choiseul, II. 403, 404; retention of, by England, approved by Pitt, II. 407; the peace signed at Paris, II. 407. Canadians, the, I. 22, 23, 68, 79; their missions and religion, I. 22, 23, 64, 67, 72; sent to watch the English frontier, I. 116; join the expedition of Duquesne to the Ohio, I. 128-135, 143-161; at Fort Duquesne, I. 208; number of, fighting under the French flag, I. 211; their cowardly action, I. 215; losses of, at the battle of the Monongahela, I. 223, 223 note; a litigious race, I. 259; rapacity of, I. 283; harsh treatment of the Acadians, I. 283; under Dieskau, I. 296, 299, 303, 304, 307; the battle of Lake George, I. 299, 304-317; attacked by a party from Fort Lyman, I. 308, 309; troops at Fort Frontenac, I. 324; political parties among, I. 367, 368; join the expedition of Léry, I. 374, 375; guard Fort Frontenac, I. 376; mode of fighting, I. 377; at Ticonderoga, I. 378, 442; harass the English, I. 388, 393; evils of long encampments, I. 402; under Rigaud, I. 408; capture of Oswego, I. 409-420; under Montcalm, I. 421; join the war-party of Perière, I. 429-431; disguised as Indians, I. 429, II. 221; fight with Rogers' rangers, I. 445; the attack upon Fort William Henry, I. 447, 448, 476, 477, 490-513, 514 note; exaggerated praise given by Vaudreuil, I. 460-462; their sentiment towards Montcalm, I. 463, 464; fortified camps of, I. 477; dash at Fort Edward, I. 485; orders of Vaudreuil in relation to the return of, II. 3, 4; the fight at German Flats, II. 6, 7; join Hebecourt, II. 12; official knavery, II. 22-38; outrages practised upon the Acadians, II. 26; loss of Louisbourg, II. 52-81; under Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. 104; under Lévis, II. 109; meet the war-party of Rogers, II. 124; encounter with Major Grant, II. 152-154; sent to Montcalm, II. 165, 166; comments of Montcalm concerning, II. 168, 169; their sufferings, II. 169, 170; their loyalty and courage, II. 169, 170; their alarm and discontent, II. 171, 172; siege and fall of Quebec, II. 195-234, 259-326; first proclamation issued by Wolfe, II. 213, 214; desert the French, II. 219, 222, 223, 264, 265, 365, 366; fight like Indians, II. 221; coureurs-de-bois, II. 221; their dread of the Indians, 222, 223; Wolfe's second proclamation, II. 225, 226; the siege of Niagara, II. 243-249; the third proclamation of Wolfe to, II. 261; dread of losing their supplies, II. 264; defend Cap-Rouge, II. 279; last movement of Wolfe, II. 280-297; rally at Côte Ste.-Geneviève, II. 300, 301; panic stricken, II. 302; the army to return to Quebec, II. 310-314; bring news to Quebec of promised help, II. 315, 316; the capitulation of Quebec, II. 316; the ladies, II. 329; befriended by Murray, II. 331; kindness to some wounded officers, II. 332; threatened the English, II. 335, 336; encounter with Major Dalling, II. 336; fresh efforts to attack Quebec, II. 338, 340, 341-358; the winter, II. 339, 340; at Sainte-Foy, II. 342, 442-444; the fall of Canada, II. 360-382; Murray advances upon Montreal, II. 363-366; proclamation of Vaudreuil, II. 366; their privileges as set down in the capitulation of Canada, II. 374; kindly treated by the English, II. 374, 375; skilful leadership of, II. 381. Canard River, I. 268; reconnoissance of, I. 272; the inhabitants summoned by Winslow to hear the King's orders, I. 271, 272. Candiac, château of, I. 356, 453; family seat of Montcalm, I. 356, 359, II. 317; departure of Montcalm from, I. 360. Canidia, I. 438. Cannibalism among the Indians, I. 85, 478, 480, 483, 484, II. 339. Canseau, garrison at, I. 92; destroyed by the French, I. 93. Canseau, Straits of, I. 109. Cap-Rouge, II. 209, 224, 271, 276, 278, 288, 332, 342, 357; held by Dumas, II. 228; defended by the French, II. 279, 280, 282, 283; the fall of Quebec, II. 304; expedition of Lévis, II. 343, 344. Cap-Santé, II. 19. Cape Breton, I. 28, 91, 95 note, 98, 105, 108, 178, II. 384, 385; restoration of, by England to France, I. 2, 3; the Acadians transported to, I. 235, 235 note; importance of the possession of Acadia to the French, I. 237; papers and writings relating to, I. 243 note; plans of the English with regard to the Acadians, I. 264, 265 (see Acadia and Acadians); description of, II. 52-54; arrival of Boscawen's expedition, II. 56; the capitulation of Louisbourg, II. 74, 75; given up to England, II. 405. "Capricieux," the, II. 81 note; number of her guns, II. 54 note; burned at anchor, II. 67. Card-playing, I. 270. Carillon (see Ticonderoga), II. 435. Carleton, Sir Guy, II. 190, 440; lands at Point-aux-Trembles, II. 224; drives the Indians from Point-aux-Trembles, II. 225. Carlisle, Penn., I. 227, II. 135; village of, II. 136; departure of Forbes, II. 136. Carlos III., secret negotiations of Choiseul with, II. 396; succeeds to the throne of Spain, II. 396; the Family Compact, II. 396. Carter, Colonel Charles, letter to, cited, I. 229. Carter, Landon, quoted, concerning the service of the country, I. 331. Carteret, Earl Granville. See Granville. Carthage, I. 192, 419, II. 377. Carthagena, attack on, I. 245. Cartier, Jacques, II. 339. Carver, Jonathan, his version of the massacre at Fort William Henry, I. 511; his narrow escape, I. 511, 512; his "Travels," I. 514 note. Cascades, the, II. 370. Casgrain, Abbé, cited, I. 330 note, II. 341 note. Castor, Isle au, II. 20. Caswell, Jonathan, his letter concerning the expedition sent against Crown Point, I. 292. Catawbas, their service sought by the English army, II. 139, 140. Catherine II., reigns in Russia, II. 399; conciliated by Frederic, II. 399. Catholicism, I. 64, 359; II. 412; the tithes of, I. 13; policy of rule held by, I. 21, 22; in Maryland, I. 33; freedom of, accorded to the Acadians, I. 91, 112; evil influence of the priests upon the Acadians, II. 91, 94, 98, 102, 103, 106, 107, 243, 244, 257, 260-266, 283; in the English colonies, I. 193; in Pennsylvania, I. 339; in Europe, I. 355; influence over the Indians, I. 479, 480. Caughnawaga, I. 485; Indian mission at, I. 64, II. 144. Caughnawagas, the, I. 23, 209, 476, II. 123, 126. Cavaliers, the, I. 29. Cayugas, I. 391; efforts of the French to convert, I. 65. "Célèbre," the, number of her guns, II. 54 note; burned by the English, II. 66. Céloron de Bienville, I. 37, 77 note, 84 note, 128, 133; despatched to the West to hold the land for France, I. 37-62; at Ogdensburg and Niagara, I. 38; leaden plates buried by, I. 43, 48, 50, 62 note; inscription on the plates, I. 43, 48, 62 note; the plates discovered, I. 48, 62 note; visits the Senecas, I. 44, 45; drives out the English from the West, I. 44-46; extract from his writings, I. 45 note, 50-53, 62 note; encounter with Indians at Scioto, I. 48, 49; name given by, to the Kenawha River, I. 48 note; failure of his plans with regard to La Demoiselle, I. 51, 52; return of his party to Canada, I. 52, 53; journey to the Ohio, I. 65; visits the mission of Father Piquet, I. 65; at Detroit, I. 76, 77; his character, I. 77; ordered to attack Pickawillany, I. 81; orders from La Jonquière, I. 84. Celts in Pennsylvania, I. 31. Census, the, taken in Acadia and Canada, I. 20, 20 note, 94 note, 124, II. 178. "Centurion," the, II. 229, 231-233. Cerberus, dog belonging to Piquet, I. 69. Chambly, Fort, I. 453; abandoned by the French, II. 368. Chambord, I. 10. Champlain, Lake, I. 2, 23, 192, 289, 294, 298, 321, 378, 398, 399, 407, 418, 428, 435, 442, 448, 453, 476, 477, II. 88, 99, 121, 178, 196, 238, 249, 250, 252, 361, 362. Chandler, a chaplain, his diary quoted concerning the camp at Lake George, I. 314, 315. Chaplains, II. 116, 117; their pay, I. 386; their accommodations, I. 405 note. Charles VI., his will, I. 18; death of, I. 18; his will set aside, I. 18, 19. Charles River, II. 297. Charlesbourg, II. 21, 22, 265, 307. Charlestown, II. 256, 257; road built by Amherst, II. 241. Charlevoix, I. 360. Charters, I. 25. Chartres, Fort, I. 40, 41, 76; increasing power of the English, I. 83. Château battery, the, II. 208. Châtelet, the, II. 385. Chaudière River, the, I. 169, 381; fortifications on, I. 192. Chautauqua Lake, I. 39. Chebucto, plan for making a naval station by the English, I. 92; harbor of, I. 92. See Halifax. Chenitou (Chignecto), I. 117 note. Cherbourg, II. 47. Cherokees, the, I. 68, 139, 466, II. 417; their service sought by the English army, I. 139, 140. Chester County, I. 347. Chesterfield, Lord, I. 8; his opinion of Lord Albemarle, I. 180; acts as mediator, II. 41; his despondency, II. 45. "Chèvre," the number of her guns, II. 54 note. Chew, Ensign, II. 140 note. Chickasaws, the, I. 139. Chignecto, I. 117 note; preparations of the French to attack, I. 239; proposal to give the land to English settlers, I. 257. Chignecto Bay, I. 94, 120. Chignecto Channel, I. 267. Chiningué, I. 46, 53, 133. Chinodahichetha, name given by Céloron to the Kenawha River, I. 48 note. Chipody, I. 120, 121, 247, 254; news of disaster, I. 275. Choctaws, the, I. 68, 466. Choiseul, Duc de, II. 393; made minister of foreign affairs, II. 393; sketch of, by Stanley, II. 393, 394; his character, II. 394; propositions made to Pitt, II. 394, 395; terms of peace offered to England, II. 395; his forethought, II. 396; the Family Compact, II. 396; his negotiation with Pitt proves fruitless, II. 396; desires peace with England, II. 402, 403; his predictions concerning American possessions, II. 403, 404. Christ Church, Philadelphia, II. 162. Christianity, Indian followers of, I. 41, 42, 485, 487. Christmas Day, II. 335. Church of Notre Dame de Quebec, II. 442. Church of Rome. See Catholicism. Church of the Jesuits, the, after the siege, II. 328. Clare River, I. 283. Claverie, La Friponne, II. 24. Cleaveland, Miss Abby E., II. 117 note. Cleaveland, John, chaplain of Bagley's Massachusetts regiment, II. 76, 115; extract from his diary, II. 115, 117 note, 127; report concerning the defences of Abercromby, II. 115, 116; extract from letters to his wife, II. 116, 117 note; preaching on Sunday, II. 117; his illness, II. 120. Clergy, the, how considered during the reign of George II., I. 7; the condition of, in France, I. 12, 13, 14, 15; corruption of, I. 12; influence of, in regard to the oath of allegiance for the Acadians, I. 106. See Acadians. Clergy battery, the, II. 208. Clerk, engineer under Abercromby, II. 103; reconnoitres the French works, II. 103. Clermont, I. 10; recalled, II. 47. Clinker, Humphrey, I. 178. Clinton, George, Governor of New York, I. 88 note; desirability of an Indian alliance, I. 59; invites commissioners from the provinces to meet the Indians at Albany, I. 61; quotation from, concerning the neglect of New York to protect Indian trade, I. 61, 62; Johnson's complaints of the French dealings with the Indians, I. 64; quarrels with the Assembly of New York, I. 73; complaints concerning invasions of territory by the French, I. 79. Clive, the victory of Plassey, II. 45. Cobequid, I. 106; formerly the name of Truro, I. 94; Acadian emigration from, I. 109; mountains of, I. 269; failure of the expedition to, I. 280, 281. Cocquard, Father Claude Godefroy, I. 413; his remarks concerning the fall of Oswego, I. 413. Cod, Cape, I. 246; soldiers from, for the French campaigns, I. 246. Coffen, Stephen, deposition of, I. 131 note. Colbert, II. 410. Colden, Alexander, II. 432. Coldfoot, a Miami chief, I. 82. Coldstream Guards, the, I. 191. College of the Jesuits, the, after the siege, II. 3-8. "Comète," number of her guns, II. 54 note. Commissioners of boundary, I. 122, 123-128, 236-238; commissioners of Indian affairs, I. 172-176, 195. Condé, I. 10, II. 184. Conflans, Admiral, II. 401. Congregationalists in the army, II. 117. Congress at Albany, of Indians and English, I. 172-176. Connecticut, I. 61, 246, 286, 291, 304, 402; appointment of the governor of, I. 25; extent of the New England border, I. 28; soldiers in the expedition against Crown Point, I. 290, 291; recruits sent to Johnson, I. 313, 314; to provide an officer for the English garrison, I. 315; money granted to, from Parliament, I. 382 note; her sacrifices in times of war, II. 86; provincials under Abercromby, II. 93; men serving under Putnam, II. 122. Connecticut River, the, II. 254, 256. Conner, James, English scout, I. 415; visits Oswego, I. 415; the news of the loss carried to Fort Johnson, I. 416. Contades, I. 10; appointed to command, II. 47. Contrecœur, I. 429; succeeds Saint-Pierre in command, I. 143, 144; commandant at Fort Duquesne, I. 147, 208, II. 423; Jumonville sent on an expedition to warn the English to leave the West, I. 148; harangues the Indians, I. 154; consults with Beaujeu, I. 210, 211; his resolution to despatch forces to meet Braddock, I. 210, 211; waits at Fort Duquesne, I. 211, 212; return of the troops after defeating Braddock, I. 221, 222; Dumas succeeds at Fort Duquesne, I. 329, 330; orders concerning prisoners, I. 330 note; receives the cross of the Order of St. Louis, II. 426. Conway, General, letter from Walpole, II. 358. Cook, his voyages, II. 411. Cork, I. 182. Cope, Major Jean-Baptiste, Indian chief, I. 104; signs a treaty of peace with the English, I. 104, 105; the murder of Capt. Howe, I. 118, 119. Corbière, Colonel Parker's company taken, I. 484. Corlaer, Indian word for the English, I. 487. Corneille, II. 9. Cornier, Madame, I. 455. Cornwallis, Lord, I. 93. Cornwallis, Edward, uncle of Lord Cornwallis, I. 93; made governor of Acadia, I. 93; opinions of Wolfe and Horace Walpole concerning, I. 93, 110; makes the oath of allegiance more strict for the Acadians, I. 97-99; his successor, I. 104; efforts of, to compel the Acadians to swear fidelity to England, I. 105; discovers the treachery of the French, I. 107; misplaced confidence in the French crown, I. 111; angry letter written to the Bishop of Quebec, I. 107; relations with the French and Acadians, I. 107, 108, 110, 111; his speech to the Acadians, I. 110-112; mild rule of, in Nova Scotia, I. 113, 257; his opinion of Le Loutre, I. 114. Corpron, II. 30; his official knavery, II. 22-24; thrown into the Bastille, II. 385. Cortland, manor of, I. 32. Cosnan, Captain, II. 221. Côte d'Abraham, II. 342. Côte Ste.-Geneviève, II. 300, 301, 342. Côteau du Lac, the, II. 370. Coudres, Isle aux, II. 198, 260; ordered to be evacuated, II. 199; Admiral Durell, at, II. 203. Coureurs-de-bois, II. 178, 221. Courserac, II. 81 note; sent to the English camp from Louisbourg, II. 73, 74. Courtemanche, his advance upon Fort William Henry, I. 491. Courts-martial in the English army, II. 236. Courval, the French firerafts commanded by, II. 227. Crawford, Chaplain William, letter to Timothy Paine, I. 404; his account of the provincial camp, I. 404, 405. Croghan, George, I. 42, 203; Indian trader, I. 54; expedition of, to the Ohio, I. 54-59; sent to the Miamis to promote friendly feelings, I. 59, 60, 60 note; reward offered for his scalp, I. 79; accusations against, I. 80; brings Indians to Braddock's camp, I. 203. Crown Point, I. 24, 174, 289, 327, 378, 453, II. 87, 102; capture of, planned, I. 192-194, 285; expedition against, led by Colonel William Johnson, I. 194, 196, 285-317, 374, 382; French designs in relation to, I. 289, 293, 295; reached by Dieskau, I. 296; the battle, I. 303-316; result of the expedition, I. 313, 314; importance of, I. 378; plan of capture by Shirley, I. 381, 382, 384, 398; expeditions of Rogers' rangers, I. 433-437; Winslow's regret at the failures of the English, I. 439; the scouting-party of Rogers, I. 441-445; captured by Amherst, II. 235-240, 265; retreat of the French, II. 238, 239; new fort built by Amherst, II. 240, 241, 252; the situation between French and English, II. 361. Cruger, Mayor, difficulty in quartering the troops in New York, I. 440. Cruikshank, Captain, affront given to a provincial regiment, II. 119. Culloden, battle of, I. 6, 8, 19, II. 185. Cumberland, Duke of, I. 194, 253, II. 40, 41; his place as a soldier, I. 179; his opinion of Major-General Braddock, I. 181, 182; military plans of, I. 234; his prejudice against Shirley, I. 421; miscarriage of his plans, II. 45; recalled from Germany, II. 47. Cumberland, Nova Scotia, I. 268. Cumberland, Penn., I. 423. Cumberland County laid waste, I. 344. Cumberland Fort, I. 203, 225-229, II. 133; erection of, I. 200; distance from Little Meadows, I. 206; Colonel James Innes, commander of, I. 226; Indians attack the frontier, and murder the settlers, I. 329-331, 342; name given to Beauséjour, I. 253, 255 (see Beauséjour), 267, 281, II. 181; St. Patrick's Day celebrated, II. 182. Cummings, C. F. Gordon, II. 436. Cummings, Colonel, disgraceful order of Abercromby to, II. 114.

D.

Daine, Mayor of Quebec, II. 311. Dalling, Major, sent to occupy Port Espagnol, II. 78; Canadians taken prisoners, II. 225, 226; encounter with Canadians and Indians, II. 336; his light infantry, II. 347. Dalquier, Lieutentant-Colonel, II. 303; his leadership and bravery, II. 348. Dalzell, Captain, skirmish in the woods, II. 122; his death, II. 122. Daniel, II. 149. Danvers, II. 116. Darby, Major, II. 368. Daudin, priest of Pisiquid, I. 244. Daun, the Austrian general, II. 387; his victory, II. 387. "Dauphin," escape of the, I. 185, 186. Dauphin's Bastion, the, II. 55; approach of Wolfe, II. 66; condition of the besieged, II. 69; the white flag, II. 71; to be opened to British troops, II. 74, 75. Dauphin's Battery, the, II. 208. Davison, a trader, I. 133. De Cosne, I. 184. Defiance, Mount, II. 102-104. Déjean, I. 361. Delancey, Lieutenant-Governor of New York, I. 316, 328, 440; asked to aid in repelling the French on the Ohio, I. 141; council of governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195; questions at issue in New York, I. 350; the cabal against Shirley, I. 328, 383; orders to fire upon deserters, II. 3. Delancey, Oliver, soldiers sent to lodge with, I. 440. Delaware, George, Indian chief, I. 145. Delaware, colony of, I. 33. Delaware River, the, I. 40, 45. Delawares, the, I. 46, 57, 60, 130; attitude towards the English, I. 59; efforts of the English to obtain allies from, I. 150; instigated to fight against the English, I. 203, 329, 343, 344; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; council held with Johnson, I. 391, 392; attack and reduction of Kittanning, I. 423-427; convention of Indians, II. 142, 143; wavering allies, II. 143; declare themselves allies of the English, II. 147, 148, 150. Delouche commands the fireships, II. 210, 211. De Monts, commission of, I. 123 note. Denmark, I. 10. Denny, Governor, I. 426 note. De Noyan, commandant at Fort Frontenac, II. 128. Desandrouin, French engineer, II. 100-102. Desauniers, Demoiselles, I. 64. Deschambault, II. 8, 263, 341, 361. Deschamps, Chief Justice, diary found in his house, II. 82 note. Deschenaux, official corruption, II. 30. Descombles, French engineer, I. 408; reconnoitres the fort at Oswego, I. 409; shot by an Indian, I. 409. Desgouttes withdraws the "Aréthuse," II. 65; considerations in regard to capitulation, II. 71-73; correspondence with Drucour, II. 81 note. Des Habitants River, the, I. 268; reconnoissance of, I. 272. Desherbiers, commandant at Louisbourg, I. 101; instructions in regard to the Acadians, I. 101, 102; his treachery, I. 102, 103; medals sent to, I. 102. Désirade Island, restored by England, II. 405. Desméloizes, Mademoiselle, wife of M. Péan, II. 28. Des Moines, I. 486. De Soto, I. 24. Detroit, I. 82, 209, 219, 485, II. 122, 142, 244; importance of the post, I. 75, 76, 80; population of, I. 76, 77 note; Céloron visits, with a royal commission, I. 76, 77; plan of, I. 76 note; efforts to build up, by the French, I. 77; small-pox at, I. 83; the English to be attacked, I. 84; danger to Fort Duquesne, II. 160; the coureurs-de-bois, II. 178; retreat to, of the French forces, II. 247; injured by the loss of Niagara, II. 248, 249. Dettingen, I. 19, II. 185, 391. Devonshire, Duke of, II. 41. Diamond, Cape, II. 208, 209, 212, 355. "Diana," the, II. 356. Diderot, I. 16, 288, 309 note; meeting with Dieskau, 308 note, 309 note, 311. Dieskau, Baron, I. 285, 373, 376; made general in Canada, I. 182; letter of, quoted, I. 182, 183; his forces, I. 288, 296, 368; a letter of Braddock found, I. 288, 289; plans of, in regard to the French campaign, I. 288, 289; prepares an ambush for Johnson, I. 296, 300, 302, 303; advances through the forest, I. 297-299; news of the approach of the English, I. 300; success of the action against Whiting and Williams, I. 303; the battle of Lake George, I. 304-317; badly wounded, I. 307, 308, 311; carried to the English camp, and kindly cared for, I. 308, 309; his defeat, I. 308, 498, II. 88; his remarks concerning his surrender, and Johnson's soldiers, I. 308, 308 note, 310, 311; his interview with Diderot, I. 308 note, 309 note, 311; his life threatened by the Mohawks, I. 309, 310; his life saved by Johnson, I. 309; carried to Fort Lyman, I. 310; his service under Saxe, I. 310; his death, I. 311; his Indians tomahawk the Englishmen, I. 312; succeeded by Montcalm, I. 356; his salary, I. 361. Diet at Presburg, I. 19. Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, I. 42, 136, 137; letter to Hamilton quoted, I. 42 note; desirability of an Indian alliance, I. 59; difficulties of boundary, I. 61; letter from, to Saint-Pierre, introducing George Washington, I. 132, 134, 135; tries to repel the French aggression in the West, I. 132, 137, 139, 142, 176, 193; answer sent to, from Saint-Pierre, I. 135; report of Washington made to, I. 136; orders received from the King, I. 137, 138; his dependence on the Assembly of Virginia, I. 137, 138, 163; Virginia refuses to pay certain fees, I. 138; sends Washington with a party to resist the French at Fort Duquesne, I. 138-161; orders sent to Indian tribes on the Ohio, I. 139; seeks aid from other colonies, I. 139; letter to Lord Fairfax, I. 139; a fort to be built on the Ohio, I. 139; letters to Hanbury quoted, I. 140, 141, 144, 144 note; invites the Indians to meet him at Winchester, I. 141; the governor's palace, I. 142, 163; seeks to raise regiments, I. 142, 143; plans of the English blighted, I. 143, 144; good news from Washington, I. 145; letters from Druillon, I. 149; the defeat of Washington, I. 162; letter to a London correspondent quoted, I. 163; speech to the Assembly of Virginia, 164, 165; exasperated at the French, I. 170, 171; letter to Lord Granville quoted, I. 176; correspondence with Glen, I. 176, 177; desired aid from the home government, I. 177; taxes recommended, I. 177; his opinion of Braddock, I. 187, 188; accompanies Braddock to Alexandria, I. 191; council of governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195; defends taxation by Parliament, I. 193; praises of the New England colonies, I. 197; supplies for the army scarce, I. 197, 198; greatly disturbed at the losses of the English, I. 228-235; correspondence with Orme quoted, I. 229-233; correspondence with Washington, I. 229, 231; letter to Lord Halifax, I. 229; sends Major Colin Campbell for news, I. 229, 231; letter to Dunbar quoted, I. 231, 232; desires to renew offensive operations, I. 232, 233; his fears realized, I. 233; his view of Dunbar's conduct justified, I. 233 note; his plans of war, I. 332; relations with Washington, II. 131, 132; removed from office, II. 132; matters pertaining to the "assassination" of Jumonville, II. 421-423. Dobbs, Governor of North Carolina, I. 187; council of governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195. Dobson, Captain, I. 229. Dog tribe, the, I. 68. Dominica taken by England, II. 400; to belong to England, II. 405. Doreil, commissary of war, embarks with Dieskau, I. 182; letter from Montcalm to, II. 111, 112; letter to the minister of war, II. 162, 163; letter concerning the state of Canada, II. 171, 172; double-dealing of Vaudreuil, II. 173; appeal made to France, II. 173-175; matters pertaining to Ticonderoga, II. 431-436. Douville, orders concerning prisoners, I. 330 note; killed, I. 423. Dover, II. 403. Dresden taken from Frederic, II. 388. Drowned Lands, the, I. 298, 302. Drucour, Governor at Louisbourg, II. 56; the siege and reduction of Louisbourg, II. 56-81, 81 note; statistics of troops, II. 59 note; his effort to protect the harbor of Louisbourg, II. 64; courtesies between the commanders, II. 64, 65; his lodgings in flames, II. 67; Amherst promises to spare the sick, II. 70 note; terms of capitulation extended to, II. 71-74; signs the capitulation, II. 75. Drucour, Madame, her heroism, II. 65. Druillon, letters sent to Dinwiddie, I. 149. "Dublin," the ship, Amherst embarks in her, II. 51. Dublin, I. 419 note, II. 190. Dubrowski, II. 37 note. Du Cayla, II. 427. Duchat, Captain, his description of Canadian life, I. 379, 380. Duchesnaye, II. 20. Dufferin, Lord, II. 37 note. Dumas has charge of the youth of Montcalm, I. 356; letter of, concerning Montcalm's education, I. 357, 358. Dumas, Captain, I. 208, II. 361; at Fort Duquesne, I. 208; encounter with Braddock, I. 215-227; returns to Fort Duquesne, I. 220, 221; the border warfare encouraged by, I. 329, 330; quoted concerning his influence over the Indians, I. 329, 330; succeeds Contrcœur at Fort Duquesne, I. 329, 426; efforts of the French to prevent the torture of prisoners, I. 330; commands the party to attack the English at Point Levi, II. 215; his failure to dislodge the English, II. 219; holds Cap-Rouge, II. 228; to prevent Murray moving up the St. Lawrence, II. 361; advances upon Montreal, II. 364, 365; matters relating to a pension for, II. 423, 424; receives the cross of the Order of St. Louis, II. 426. Dumont, II. 347, 348. Dunbar, Colonel Thomas, his troops, I. 200, 220 note, II. 256; to take command of the rear division of Braddock's expedition, I. 206; reinforcements for Braddock, I. 223, 224; arrival at his camp, of a portion of Braddock's army, I. 224, 225; his course of action blamed by the colonies, I. 225; encamped at Great Meadows, I. 226; retreat of, I. 226, 329; arrival of his train at Fort Cumberland, I. 227; letter to, from Dinwiddie, quoted, I. 231, 232; exhorted to retrieve the English losses, I. 231, 232; his conduct wanting in courage, and condemned by Dinwiddie, I. 231-233, 233 note; instructions from his superior officers neglected, I. 233. "Dunkirk," the, chases the French vessels, I. 185, 186. Dunkirk, II. 395; fortress of, II. 395; the fortress to be destroyed, II. 405, 406. "Dunkirk of America," the, II. 52. Duquesne, Marquis, Governor of Canada, I. 41 note, 239; his opinion of Piquet, I. 67 note; his character and personal appearance, I. 85, 86; prepares to secure the upper part of the Ohio Valley, I. 86, 87; influenced by unworthy motives, I. 88; landing of his force at Presquisle, I. 128; instructions to Marin, I. 129; a fort to be built on French Creek, I. 130; plans of the expedition thwarted, I. 130, 131; return of a part of the expedition to Montreal, I. 131; letters of, compared with other writings, I. 131 note; Contrecœur succeeds Saint-Pierre, I. 143, 144; succeeded by De Vaudreuil, I. 182, 288; orders sent to, from France, I. 183, 184; letter to Le Loutre concerning Acadia, I. 239; relations with Le Loutre, I. 239, 242; his harsh treatment of the Acadians, I. 244, 245; resigns his government, I. 288; his discipline over troops, I. 369. Duquesne, Fort, I. 147, 325, II. 131; built by the French, I. 143, 144, 337 note; expedition of Jumonville, I. 148; reinforcements sent to, I. 152, 153; French force at, I. 159, 206; exultant return of Villiers to, I. 161; Braddock to lead the expedition against, I. 194, 196; parties sent out to interrupt General Braddock's march, I. 205, 206; Braddock's expedition against, I. 206-209, 214-233, II. 423-426; situation and appearance of, I. 207, 208; command held by Contrecœur, I. 208; number of Indians and Canadians at, I. 208, 209; Indians and French depart from, to fight with Braddock's expedition, I. 210-213, II. 423-426; return of the French troops, I. 221; desire to attack a second time, I. 233; Dumas succeeds Contrecœur in command, I. 329; plan of capture, I. 381; the attack abandoned, I. 382; report of the affair of Kittanning, I. 426, 427; the war-policy of Pitt, II. 48, 131, 132; importance of position, II. 48; expedition against, fitted out by the English, II. 49, 129; approached by General Forbes's army, II. 130-134, 138, 140, 141; M. de Ligneris, commandant of, II. 141; French reinforcements sent to, II. 141, 142; Indians near, sought as allies by English and French, II. 142, 143; the missions of Frederic Post, II. 144-151; Post invited to go thither, II. 145; Grant's expedition, II. 151-155; statistics concerning the daily rations, II. 152 note; desperate condition of the French, II. 155, 156; evacuated by the French, II. 158, 159; garrison left by the English under Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer, II. 160; effect of the English victory, II. 162, 235; letter from Montcalm referring to matters there, II. 168, 169. Durell, Admiral, II. 192, 198; at Isle-aux-Coudres, II. 203; arrival of his fleet in the St. Lawrence, II. 203-206; ruse to obtain a pilot, II. 204. Dürer, I. 433. Durham Terrace, II. 355. Dury, interview with Braddock, I. 190. Dussieux, I. 514 note. Dutch, the, I. 287; in Pennsylvania, I. 31; trading interests at Albany, I. 32, 33, 65, 193, 195, 319, 320, 327; alienate the Mohawks, I. 171; their language, I. 221; at Schenectady, I. 321; hostile to Johnson, I. 328. Dutch Reformed Church, the, I. 32. Duvivier to accept the terms of capitulation for Louisbourg, II. 73, 74.

E.

Easton, Indian convention at, II. 143, 147-150, 161. "Écho," the, number of her guns, II. 54 note; captured by the English, II. 63. Edinburgh, the University of, II. 285. Edward, grandson of George II., name given to Fort Edward, I. 315. Edward, Fort, in Nova Scotia, I. 268, 270, 272, 275, 280. Edward, Fort, in New York, I. 388, 406, 441, 452, II. 121, 432, 435; name given to Fort Lyman, I. 294, 315; winter life of the garrison, I. 350; difficulties of carrying stores to, I. 388; forces stationed here, I. 401; its condition, I. 401, 402, 403; Earl Loudon stationed at, I. 421; exposed condition of, I. 474, II. 3; attacked by a party under Marin, I. 485; position of General Webb, I. 496, 497, 501, II. 2; arrival of soldiers escaping from Fort William Henry, I. 511-513, II. 428, 431; mutiny among the troops, II. 2, 3; arrival of troops to aid Monro, II. 2, 3; omission of Montcalm to attack, after his success at Fort William Henry, II. 4, 167, 168; commanded by Captain Haviland, II. 11; expedition of Rogers' rangers, II. 11-16, 124; fortified by the English, II. 237. Edwards, Jonathan, I. 27. Egmont, Cape, II. 194. Elder, John, letter from, quoted, I. 344. Elizabeth of Russia, I. 18, II. 389, 393, 409; her hatred of Frederic the Great, I. 353, II. 389, 399; her death, II. 399. Elizabeth Castle, I. 252. Emerson, Rev. Mr., II. 120. England, I. 67, 310; her possessions in America, and questions of boundary, I. 1-3, 20-37, 56, 79, 90-92, 122-128, 132, 161, 168, 184, 236-238, 243; restoration of Cape Breton, by, I. 2, 3; result of the subjection of Canada, I. 3; her commerce, I. 3, 4; influence of the Seven Years War, I. 3, 4, II. 38-40, 386, 408-414; religion, morals, and society under George II., I. 5-11; decline of the Tory power, I. 6; fall of the Stuarts, I. 6; service rendered by Pitt, I. 9, II. 40-47, 395-398, 400, 401; the army and navy, I. 9, 180, 181, II. 380, 381, 400, 411; conditions of, after the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, I. 9; question of the mastery of India, I. 10; action taken by, at the time of the succession of Maria Theresa, I. 19 French and English population in America in 1754, compared, I. 20; success of, in establishing her colonies, and their condition, I. 22, 25, 29, 30, 33, 56, 126, 127, II. 175-177, 401, 403, 411; importance of Pique Town and of Oswego, I. 52, 68, 70, 72, 325, 398, 399, 415; seeks to repel the French aggressions in the West, I. 53, 132-142; importance of securing the Iroquois Indians as allies, I. 63-65, 125, 372, 374; neglect of the British Assemblies, of their interests, I. 86, the possession of Acadia, I. 90, 93, 94, 123, 236, 253; conditions imposed on French inhabitants of Acadia, I. 90, 91; hostility of the Acadians and Indians encouraged by the French, I. 91, 94, 98-108, 235-240, 242-245, 264; the oath of allegiance to be taken by the Acadians, I. 91, 92, 97, 98, 106, 107, 235, 260, 265; bound by treaty to allow the Acadians freedom in religion, I. 95, 107; mildness of her rule over the Acadians, I. 95, 96, 121, 122, 261, 262; pretended peace made by the Indians, I. 104, 105; relations of Cornwallis with the Acadians, I. 107, 108; commissioners appointed to decide upon the boundaries of possessions in America, I. 123-127; the question of the pistole fee, I. 138, 140; attitude and policy of the home government, I. 171, 177-181; the southern department held by Sir Thomas Robinson, I. 179; regiments ordered to America, I. 181, 182; diplomatic correspondence of, I. 183; warlike intentions concealed from France, I. 183, 184; the plans of France known to, I. 184-186; Braddock despatched to America to take military command, I. 189-191; plans of Shirley laid before the government, I. 192, 193; supplies for Braddock's campaign scarce, I. 197, 198; questions of policy for the French and English in Acadia, I. 236-241; desire of the Acadians to return to their allegiance, I. 238, 244, 245; conditions leading to the removal of the Acadians from their home, I. 253-266, 284 (see Acadians); results of the campaign of 1755, I. 328, 329; attitude of the population of Pennsylvania towards, I. 339; preys on French commerce, I. 352; declares war, I. 352; political outlook, I. 353, 354; Protestant country, I. 355; money granted by Parliament to the colonies, I. 382, 382 note; an armament fitted out for the reduction of Louisbourg, I. 469, 470, 472; the fleet of Holbourne wrecked, I. 472; disasters and victories in Europe, II. 45-47; preparations to attack Louisbourg, II. 49; prisoners of war sent to, II. 76; rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 76, 77; preparations made to attack Quebec, II. 176, 178, 193, 194; siege of Quebec, II. 195-233, 259-325, 325 note, 326 note; news of Wolfe's death and his heroism, II. 323, 324; the fall of Canada, II. 360-382; end of the war in America, II. 379-382; death of George II., II. 390, 391; succession of George III., II. 391; growth of a peace party, II. 391, 392; changes among the officials, II. 392, 393; the policy of George III., II. 393-395, 400; terms of peace offered to, II. 395; the negotiations of Choiseul with Pitt, II. 395, 396; need of a peace with France, II. 396; the Family Compact, II. 396; the secret treaty made by Choiseul, II. 396, 397; the policy of Bute, II. 400; victories gained through the influence of Pitt, II. 400-402; the conflict for colonial ascendancy, II. 401, 403; expedition against Havana, II. 401, 402; negotiations with France for peace, II. 403-407; cessions made by France, II. 405; restores Belleisle II. 405; the treaty of peace signed at Paris, II. 407, 408; results of the war, II. 408-414; the growth of the United States, II. 411-413. English, the, I. 52, 54; driven from the West by the French, I. 44-47, 59, 63-89; the French combine with the Indians to injure, I. 47, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72, 82, 83, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 113, 114, 130, 161, 171, 184, 203, 235, 236-239, 243-245, II. 421; matters of interest concerning trade and traders, I. 50, 69, 70, 72-74, 79, 86, 87; orders given to the French governor with regard to, I. 78-82; attacked at Pickawillany, I. 84, 85; treatment of the Acadians, I. 91, 92, 95 (see Acadia and Acadians); the fortress of Louisbourg restored to France, I. 92; occupation of Beaubassin, I. 115-120; successful encounter with the French, I. 147, 148; the fight at Great Meadows, I. 156-161; results of the meeting of the colonial Assemblies with their governors, I. 163-169; rights of, on the Ohio River, I. 177; to intercept the French fleet, I. 185, 186; arrival of Braddock in America, I. 187, 191; matters pertaining to Braddock's expedition, I. 187, 191, 195, 197-200, 204-216; expedition given in charge to Johnson, I. 195; the battle of the Monongahela, I. 215-220, 223, 223 note; defeat of Braddock, and retreat of his troops, I. 220-235; death and burial of Braddock, I. 220, 224-226; Shirley made commander-in-chief of the army, I. 233; loyalty of the troops, I. 238, 239; plans of, in regard to the French, I. 239, 240; capture of Fort Beauséjour, I. 240-253; surrender of French forts, I. 253; removal of the Acadians from their homes, I. 254, 255, 265-284 (see Acadians); plan to increase the English population in Acadia, I. 257; disaster at Peticodiac, I. 275; expedition against Crown Point, I. 285-317; character of the army in the expedition, I. 290-292; preaching on Sunday to the army, I. 295, 296; an ambush prepared for, by Dieskau, I. 300; the battle of Lake George, I. 302-317; expedition of Shirley against Niagara, I. 318-329; arrive at Fort Oswego, I. 322; lack of supplies, I. 325, 326; Shirley leaves Oswego, I. 326; results of the campaign against the French, I. 328, 329; border warfare encouraged by the French, I. 329-350; conditions in Pennsylvania, I. 336-350; forts built to guard the Great Carrying Place, I. 374; prepare to attack Ticonderoga, I. 377-380, 387, 388; receive discouraging reports from Ticonderoga, I. 389, 390; the appointment of Earl Loudon as commander-in-chief, I. 383; payment of troops, and other matters pertaining to soldiers, I. 384-388; forest war, I. 389; action between Villiers and Bradstreet, I. 394-396; royal orders concerning provincial officers, I. 399, 400; condition of the New England troops, I. 401, 402; the loss of Oswego, I. 405-420; the Indians butcher the prisoners, I. 413, 414, 414 note; difficulties in the French war, I. 414-417; number of men under Earl Loudon, I. 421; the attack made on Kittanning, 423-427; despatches sent by Vaudreuil to France, concerning, I. 427; scouting-parties, I. 428, 429; at Fort William Henry, I. 428; the war-party of Perière, I. 429-431; exploits of Rogers' rangers, I. 433-437 (see Rogers); the difficulty in quartering the troops in winter, I. 439, 440; party sent by Vaudreuil to attack Fort William Henry, I. 447-451; capture French stores, I. 457; number of their antagonists, I. 468; plan for the reduction of Louisbourg, I. 468; delay in starting the fleet for Halifax, I. 469, 470, 472; fleet of Holbourne wrecked, I. 472; the attack and massacre of, at Fort William Henry, I. 474-478, 485-513, 514 note, II. 4, 5, 237, 428-431; the tide turning, II. 46; Loudon succeeded by Abercromby, in office, II. 48; the Scotch Highlanders join the army, II. 49; the typical British naval officer, II. 50; the siege and reduction of Louisbourg, II. 48, 49, 51, 55-82 note (see Louisbourg); expedition fitted out against, to serve under Abercromby, II. 83-113 note; reforms in the army introduced by Lord Howe, II. 90; effect of the death of Lord Howe, II. 97, 98; the assault at Ticonderoga, II. 103-107, 110-113; matters pertaining to life in the army, II. 116, 117, 119, 120, 264, 334, 335, 339, 366; gain possession of Fort Frontenac, II. 127-129; the reduction of Fort Duquesne, II. 131-163; need of Indian allies, II. 139, 140, 142-148; use of Western lands, II. 146; expedition of Major Grant, II. 151-155; burial of Braddock's slain, II. 159, 160; Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer to hold Fort Duquesne, II. 160, 161; the situation in 1758, II. 162; expedition fitted out to serve under General Wolfe, II. 182-184, 192-207; the siege and reduction of Quebec, II. 207-234, 259-326 note (see Wolfe and Quebec); statistics concerning the army at the battle of Quebec, II. 298 note, 305, 305 note, 442, 443, 436-438; bravery of the sailors, II. 227, 228; capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point by Amherst, II. 235-240; spruce beer made in the army, II. 236, 237; Fort Edward fortified, II. 237; their general humanity, II. 261, 262, 309; council of war held, II. 272, 273; action of Holmes's squadron, II. 278-280; love of the soldiers for their officers, II. 281, 294, 295; loss of General Wolfe, II. 294-297; the precision of their fire, II. 295, 296; rule in Canada, II. 332; skirmish at Lorette, II. 337, 338; the battle of Sainte-Foy, II. 342, 347-359, 442-444; the fall of Canada, II. 360-382; embark for Montreal, II. 363-366; passage of the rapids, II. 370, 371; numerical superiority of their troops, II. 381; recapture St. John's, II. 402. English colonies, the, condition of, as compared with French possessions, I. 1-3, 20, 21; inhabitants of, I. 20-22, 25; government of, I. 25, 26, 170, 171, 349, 350, 419; compared and examined, I. 25-36, 62, 126, 127; means of travel, I. 33; politics and religion in, I. 33-35, 137, 139, 170, 171, 349, 350, 419; plan of France to unite Louisiana and Canada against, I. 36, 37; hampered by the Assemblies, I. 137, 139; efforts to repel the French in the West, I. 137-141, 169, 175; plan of union of Franklin, I. 175; council of governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195; slaves in, I. 193; the frontier left unguarded, I. 227, 231, 232; distribution of the exiled Acadians, I. 282; mode of life of the frontier settler, I. 334-336; united against Canada, II. 175; prediction of Mayhew for, II. 325; predictions of several persons concerning their future in America, II. 403, 404; symptoms of revolt shown, II. 413. English ministry. See British Ministry. "Entreprenant," the number of her guns, II. 54 note; burned at anchor, II. 66. Epicurus, II. 389. Episcopalians in the army, II. 117. Erie, town of, I. 89. Erie, Lake, I. 38, 52, 486, II. 247; the passage to Lake Huron, I. 75; desirability of erecting forts near, I. 80, 132. Esopus, I. 422 note. Espagnol, Port, II. 78. Espineuse, Madame, d', II. 176. Estève, secretary of Montcalm, I. 361; his voyage, I. 364; his marriage, II. 426. Etechemin River, the, II. 274. Etechémins, the, I. 23. Eugene, Prince, I. 18; remark of, concerning the result of Charles VI.'s death, I. 18. Europe, I. 479, II. 133, 186; complication of political interests, I. 1-4, 353-355, II. 175; the Seven Years War, I. 1, 18, II. 38, 39, 386, 405, 406; power of the House of Bourbon, I. 9; power of Frederic II. of Prussia, I. 17; rule of the House of Austria, I. 16, 17; the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, I. 19; power and influence of Peter the Great, I. 17, 18; the princes pledged to sustain the will of Charles VI., I. 18, 19; the balance of power, I. 18, 126; grains and fruit of, growing in America, I. 76; question of American boundary, I. 123-128; war commenced between the powers of, I. 186; the peace of Paris, II. 383-408; the conflict for colonial ascendancy, II. 401; results of the victory of Plassey, II. 408; the mastery of India, II. 410; Catholicism in, II. 412. Exchequer, the, II. 393. Eyre, Major, occupies Fort William Henry, I. 439-441; party sent by Vaudreuil to reduce the fort, I. 447-451; requested to give up Fort William Henry, I. 449; his answer, and the result thereof, I. 449-451.

F.

Fabius, II. 209. Fairfax, Lord, letter from Dinwiddie, I. 139; letters from Colonel Innes, I. 226, 228. Falmouth, I. 169, 310. Falstaff, I. 142. Family Compact, the, I. 396. Faneuil Hall, II. 377. Fare, Marquis de la, I. 358. Feather dance, a, description of, I. 58. Ferdinand, Price of Brunswick, appointed to command, II. 47; generalship of, II. 47; action with Clermont, II. 47. Ferdinand VI. of Spain, death of, II. 396. Ferguson, II. 57. Feudalism, I. 10; in Canada and in the British colonies, I. 22, 31-33. "Fidèle," the, number of her guns, II. 54 note. Fiedmont, II. 314. Fielding, I. 6, 189. Fifty-eighth Regiment, the, II. 298 note. Fireships, II. 201, 203; descend upon the English, II. 210-212. First Lord of the Treasury, the, II. 400. Fish, Jane. See Pompadour. Fisheries, the, II. 405, 407, 410. Fitch, Colonel, letter to Winslow, I. 388; his regiment, II. 94; encounter with Langy in the woods, II. 97. Five Mile Point, I. 442, II. 102. Five Nations, the, I. 38, 40, 45, 49, 67, 68, 130, II. 7, 86; dialects of, I. 44; adopt Catharine Montour, I. 54; efforts of the French to gain as allies, and to cause the destruction of the English, I. 59, 64, 78, 203, 371, 372, 466, II. 143, 144; their influence and position, I. 63-65, 125, 372, 374; power of Johnson over, I. 64, 172, 195, 287, 288, 390-393; their missionary, I. 68, 487, II. 418; their country disposed of in the treaty of Utrecht, I. 79, 125, 126 note; range of their war-parties, I. 125; orders sent from Dinwiddie, I. 139; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; the congress at Albany, I. 173-176; Indian commissioners treated by, I. 195; Johnson made Indian superintendent, I. 287, 288, 390; homes of, I. 319; the fur trade, I. 320; conferences held with, by Shirley, I. 327; border warfare, I. 329; the spies, I. 374; council called by Montcalm, I. 485-489; join in the attack upon Fort William Henry, I. 490; Indian convention, II. 142, 143; declare their alliance with the English, II. 148, 244; the fight at Niagara, II. 247; their totems on a flag at Piquet, II. 418. Flanders, II. 184. Flat Point, II. 57. Flat Point Cove, II. 61. Flatheads, the, I. 68. Fleurimont, I. 486. Flogging, II. 236. Florence, II. 323. Florida, I. 20; ceded by Spain to England, II. 405, 406. Foligny, M. de, his journal, II. 438, 441; matters relating to the death of Montcalm, II. 441, 442. Folsom, Captain, I. 308, 309. Fontbrune, aide-de-camp of General Montcalm, I. 498. Fontenoy, battle of, I. 8, 19. Forbes, Rev. Eli, pastor at Brookfield, II. 378, 379; his sermon on the fall of Canada, II. 378, 379. Forbes, Brigadier John, II. 49; the reduction of Fort Duquesne, II. 49, 130-163; his early life, II. 132; his route and plan of attack, II. 133-147, 156, 157; compared with Braddock, II. 134; his relations with Washington, II. 134, 137, 138; his relations with Bouquet, II. 134, 135; letter to Pitt concerning his provincials, II. 135; his sickness, II. 135-137, 157, 161, 162; his letters to Bouquet quoted, II. 136-138, 142, 157; erects Fort Bedford, II. 141; messages of peace sent to the Indians, II. 144-151; Grant's expedition, II. 151-155; names the settlement of Pittsburg, II. 159, 244; finds Fort Duquesne evacuated, II. 159; letter to Amherst, II. 161; leaves Fort Duquesne, II. 161; the homeward march retarded by illness, II. 161, 162; effect of his expedition, II. 162; his death and burial, II. 162. Forests in the West, the, I. 205. Fort Hill, II. 76. Forty-fourth Regiment, the, I. 219 note. Forty-seventh Regiment, the, II. 298 note. Forty-third Regiment, the, II. 182, 298 note. "Foudroyant," the, captured by the English, II. 49, 50. Fox, Henry, I. 8, 179. Foxcroft, Thomas, pastor of the "Old Church" in Boston, II. 377; his sermon on the occasion of the fall of Canada, II. 377. Foxes, the, called to a council by Montcalm, I. 486-489. France, I. 9, 67, 148, 243, 353, 365, 377, 456, 486, 491, II. 29, 43, 49, 286, 401, 402; alliance with Austria, I. 2; her possessions in America, I. 1-3, 20, 24, 25, 37, 40, 41, 43, 45, 59, 62-67, 76, 79 note, 122-128, 318, II. 403, 404, 410; influence of the Seven Years War upon, I. 3, 4, II. 410; condition of, under Louis XV., I. 9-16; her commanders, I. 10; her army and navy, I. 10, 180, 181, 368-373, 461, 462, II. 380, 381, 401, 410; the persecution of the Huguenots, I. 14, 21, 22; growing disrespect for the clergy and ministry, I. 15; takes part with Bavaria, I. 19; French and English populations in America in 1754 compared, I. 20, 21; rule established by, in Canada, I. 22; forts held by, in America, I. 40, 41, 75, 76, 318; leaden plates given to Céloron to bury in America, I. 43, 45, 48, 62 note; missions established by, among the Indians, I. 64-67; the treaty of Utrecht, I. 79; cession of Acadia to England, I. 90, 93, 94; French maxims of duty to the King, I. 106; the Acadians ordered to swear allegiance to, I. 120, 121; balance of power, I. 127; the marine and colonial department, I. 179; conditions of rule in, I. 179, 180; diplomatic representatives of, I. 179, 180, 183; expedition of war ordered to America, I. 182; her naval and military plans, I. 183-186; the Acadians French at heart, I. 235-237; questions of policy for the French and English in Acadia, I. 236-241; corruption among the officials, I. 242, II. 22-28, 44, 385, 386; conditions leading to the expulsion of the Acadians from their home, I. 253-266 (see Acadians); expedition fitted out against Crown Point, I. 285, 286; expedition sent to America under Dieskau, I. 288; results of the campaign, I. 328, 329; attitude of Pennsylvania towards, I. 339; war declared between England and, I. 352, 353; political combinations in Europe, I. 353-356; alliance sought by Maria Theresa, I. 354; Montcalm to succeed Dieskau, I. 356; paucity of troops sent to America, I. 363; troops sent against Austria, I. 363; attitude of Governor Vaudreuil towards, I. 366-368; growth of political parties in Canada, I. 367, 368; Indian allies, I. 372, 466, 467, II. 142-145, 162, 381; her communication with the West, I. 415; causes of the English losses, I. 417-419; information from England obtained through Florence Hensey, I. 469; the war with England subordinate to personal politics, I. 469; prospects at the time of Pitt, II. 45; loss of Louisbourg, II. 71-75; inhabitants of Louisbourg sent to, II. 76; victory of Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. 111, 112; appeals made in behalf of Canada, II. 173-176; promotions of Montcalm and others, II. 174; scant assistance given to Canada, II. 175; the loss of Quebec, II. 195-234, 259-326 note; funeral of Montcalm, II. 309, 310; Lévis sends for aid, II. 354; loss of Montreal and Canada, II. 373, 374; return of the troops, II. 374, 383, 384; end of the war in America, II. 379-382; her victories, II. 381; trial of those accused of peculation in Canada, II. 385, 386; political situation in 1761, II. 393-395; terms of peace offered to England, II. 395; the negotiations of Choiseul, II. 395, 396; provisions of the Family Compact, II. 396; her enemies in Europe, II. 399, 400; her financial condition in 1762, II. 402, 403; negotiations with England for peace, II. 403-407; possessions ceded by, II. 405; privileges of fishing, II. 405, 407; the fortress of Dunkirk to be destroyed, II. 406; a secret agreement made with Spain, II. 406; the treaty of peace signed at Paris, II. 407; her influence in the East, II. 410; under Colbert, II. 410; her power on the continent of Europe, II. 410, 411. Franklin, Benjamin, I. 27; his plan of union for the colonies, I. 175; his relations with Braddock, I. 188, 198, 199; his position in the Assembly of Pennsylvania, I. 198, 199, 338; account of Braddock's death, I. 225, 226; the defeat of the English, I. 228; bill drawn by, I. 348 note; his policy, I. 349; his opinion of Shirley and of Loudon, I. 421, 470; remark of, concerning the union of the British colonies, II. 404. Franquet, II. 70, 71; sent to strengthen Louisbourg, II. 18; his journal, II. 18; his account of a travelling party in Canada, II. 18-21. Fraser, his trading-house, I. 133 note, 213; Washington at his house, I. 136. Fraser, Colonel, his Highlanders serve under Wolfe, II. 59, 231, 298 note, 443; Canadian prisoners, II. 226. Fraser, Hon. Malcolm, anecdote of Montcalm, II. 297 note. Frederic William of Prussia, I. 17. Frederic II. of Prussia, I. 2, 17, II. 38; his youth and training, I. 17; seizes the province of Silesia, I. 19; political conditions in his realm, I. 353, 354; combination against, I. 355, 356, II. 38-40; the Seven Years War, II. 38-40, 409; the battle of Prague, II. 39; confidence felt in Pitt, II. 46; his glory in 1758, II. 386; his reverses and trials, II. 387-389, 398, 399; his letters to D'Argens, II. 387-389, 390; the campaigns of 1760 and 1761, II. 387-390; letter to Voltaire, II. 388; Russia becomes the ally of, II. 399; the treaty of Hubertsburg, II. 407; his dominions intact, II. 409; numbers lost in the Seven Years War, II. 409. Frederic, Fort, I. 24, 378. French, the, I. 28; effect of the Seven Years War upon, I. 1, 3, II. 40, 409; their efforts to gain and retain Indian allies, I. 28, 41, 42, 47, 48, 57, 63, 65, 130, 135, 161, 171, 175, 328-330, 374, 423, 425, 467, 478, 479, 484-487, II. 4, 5, 143, 149-151; attacks made on New England, I. 28, 168; fur-trade, the, I. 37; New France connected by forts, I. 40, 41; desire to control the West, I. 16, 53, 72, 73, 86-88, 169, 170, 176, 197, 233, II. 146; missions among the Indians, I. 41, 42, 64, 65-67; matters relating to trade, I. 64, 65, 69-73, 86, 399; methods of warfare and organization, I. 73, 143, 144, 409, 472; the attack at Pickawillany, I. 84, 85; conditions of residence of, in Acadia, I. 90, 91; injurious influence of, upon the Acadians, I. 91, 96, 97, 99-108, 109, 121, 235-238, 243-245, 248, 257, 258, 265, 266, 266 note; officials and priests aid the Indians to destroy the English, I. 98-108, 113, 114, 168, 236, 329-350, II. 248, 374, 421; double-dealing, I. 103, 104, 105 note, 106 note, 115; relations with Cornwallis, I. 107, 108; occupation of Beaubassin by the English, I. 115-120; the murder of Captain Howe, I. 118, 119; questions of boundary, I. 122-127, 184, 236-238; forts erected by, I. 128, 130, 143; expedition of Duquesne to the Ohio, I. 128-135, 143-161; efforts of Dinwiddie to repel, in the West, I. 132-161; prepare for war, I. 143, 144, 150, 154, 155, 169; alleged causes of Jumonville's expedition, I. 147-149; fight between Washington and Villiers, I. 153-161; opinions expressed by the Indians concerning, I. 173, 174; aid to be expected from the Catholics, I. 193; try to interrupt Braddock's march, I. 205, 206; the encounter with Braddock's forces, I. 210-227; their method of warfare, I. 215-219; death of Braddock, I. 220, 225, 226; return of the troops, I. 221; treatment of their prisoners, I. 222, 223; losses of, in the battle of the Monongahela, I. 223; their standard planted on Beauséjour, I. 235, 247; matters pertaining to the army, I. 238, 241, 247, 368, 368 note, 421, 439, 461-465, 468, II. 54, 55, 364, 373, 374, 383, 384; hostile designs of, I. 243; encounter with the English at Beauséjour, I. 248-253; burn Fort St. John, I. 253; conditions leading to the expulsion of the Acadians, examined, I. 253-266 (see Acadia and Acadians); expedition fitted out against Crown Point, I. 285, 286; prepare to defend Crown Point, I. 288, 289, 293; advance of Dieskau's forces to meet Johnson, I. 296, 297, 299; the battle of Lake George, I. 304-317; their losses, I. 312, 312 note, 313; occupy Ticonderoga, I. 313, 389, 390, 442, 478, II. 104; strength of their position at Niagara, I. 318, 325; expedition of Shirley against Niagara, I. 318-329; the troops at Fort Frontenac, I. 324, 408; results of the campaign, I. 328, 329; building of Fort Duquesne, I. 337 note; their settlements on the Ohio molested, I. 340; on the march against Virginia, I. 343; arrival of Montcalm, I. 365, 366; camps of Montcalm, I. 373; Fort Bull taken by, I. 374, 375; letter of Montreuil quoted, I. 376, 377; expedition fitted out to defend Ticonderoga, I. 377, 378; preparations of Shirley for war, I. 384; action between Villiers and Bradstreet, I. 394-396; the capture of Oswego, I. 397-420; their losses, I. 414; rumors of attack at Lake George, I. 422; reduction of Fort Granville, I. 423; their war-parties, I. 429-431, 437, 438; dealings of Rogers' rangers with, I. 431, 432, 443, 444, II. 122-124, 256, 257; a war-party sent to attack Fort William Henry, I. 446-451; the seat of war, I. 453, 454; their ships-of-war, I. 473 note; the capture of Fort William Henry, I. 474-513, 514 note, II. 428-431; officers of the Indians, I. 486; circular letter sent by Montcalm to the officers, I. 489; official knavery, II. 22-38; routed at Rossbach, II. 46; change of commanders, II. 47; the siege and reduction of Louisbourg, II. 48, 49, 51-82 note (see Louisbourg); their ships burned off Louisbourg, II. 66, 67, 69; treatment received by prisoners from the English, II. 81, 128; expedition against Ticonderoga, II. 86-113 note (see Ticonderoga); losses of, II. 110; mistake occurring from the waving of a handkerchief, II. 107; serve under Marin, II. 122; loss of Fort Frontenac, II. 127-129; vessels on Lake Ontario taken by the British, II. 128; loss of the command of Lake Ontario, II. 129; loss of Fort Duquesne, II. 131-163; reinforcements sent to Fort Duquesne, II. 141, 142; loss of Indian allies, II. 143, 149-151; encounter with Major Grant, II. 151-155; retreat from Fort Duquesne, II. 158, 159; effect of the Indian conference at Easton, II. 161; effect of the loss of Fort Duquesne, II. 162; the situation in 1758, II. 162; letter from Doreil to the minister of war, II. 162, 163; Montcalm desires his recall, II. 164; alarming condition of Canada, II. 169-173; danger to the shipping, II. 172; siege and reduction of Quebec, II. 195-234, 259-299, 325, 326 note (see Quebec and Wolfe); measures of defence taken by Montcalm, II. 198-203; the camp, II. 208, 209; the fireships let loose upon the enemy, II. 210-212; opposition to the work at Point Levi, II. 215; Dumas' expedition unsuccessful, II. 215; preserve the defensive, II. 219; the Canadians desert their cause, II. 219, 222, 223, 366; Niagara attacked and captured, II. 222, 238, 242-249; affair of the Montmorenci, II. 228, 233, 259; at Isle-aix-Noix, II. 238, 239, 241, 249, 250; loss of Ticonderoga, II. 239, 265; Crown Point abandoned, II. 240, 241, 265; effort to recover Pittsburg, II. 244; their fear of the Indians, II. 248, 374; parishes laid waste, II. 260, 261; barbarities of Vaudreuil, II. 262; fear of losing supplies, II. 264, 293; Montcalm poorly supported, II. 281, 281 note, 292, 293; the army routed, II. 297-302, 307, 308; statistics concerning the army at the Battle of Quebec, II. 298 note, 305, 436-438; the protecting care of Montcalm, II. 309; the death and burial of Montcalm, II. 309, 310; confusion in the army, II. 312; Lévis assumes command, II. 313; the army to retrace their steps, II. 313, 314; the campaign and its actors misrepresented by Vaudreuil, II. 318-323; the English threatened, I. 335, 336; at Le Calvaire, II. 336; encounter with the English under Major Dalling, II. 336; skirmish at Lorette, II. 337; efforts to renew the conflict at Quebec, II. 338; the troops during the winter, II. 339, 340; Lévis's expedition to attack Quebec, II. 341-358; occupy Sainte-Foy, II. 344, 345, 442-444; the battle between Murray and Lévis, II. 347-350; the English retreat, II. 350-352; available force of fighting men, II. 360; small resources left in Canada, II. 360; fall of Canada, II. 360-382; plans of Amherst, II. 361, 362; the English fleet sails for Montreal, II. 363-366; advance upon Montreal, II. 365; Fort Lévis captured, II. 369, 370; the articles of capitulation for Montreal, II. 372, 373; cruelties of the Indians encouraged by, II. 373; Canada passes to the crown of England, II. 374; return of the troops to France, II. 374, 383, 384; fly before Frederic, II. 386; driven from Pondicherry, II. 400; capture St. John's, and lose it again, II. 402; payment offered for English scalps, II. 421. French Academy, the, I. 357. French Catharine's Town, I. 54 note. French Creek, I. 45, 130, 133, 168; former name of, I. 128. French Indians, I. 58; narrow escape of Washington, I. 136. French Mountain, I. 300, 309, II. 92. French Revolution, the, I. 18. Freshwater Cove, II. 57, 58; attacked and taken by the English, II. 58-61; known by other names, II. 59 note. Friponne, La, II. 24. Frontenac, Fort, I. 38, 68, II. 114, 155; return of Céloron de Bienville, I. 52; action of the French in regard to ship-building, I. 72, 73; reception offered to Father Piquet, I. 74; proposed capture of, I. 323, 324, 374, 381, 393; position of, I. 324; held by the French, I. 374, 376, 415; the attack abandoned, I. 399; arrival of Montcalm, I. 407; taken by the British, II. 127-130; dismantled, II. 129, 162. Fry, Joshua, Colonel, I. 142, 145; despatches from Washington, I. 151; illness of, I. 151; his death, I. 151. Frye, Colonel, I. 405 note; disaster to the English, I. 275; number killed at Fort Edward, I. 485 note; sent with a detachment to Fort William Henry, I. 496; the massacre at Fort William Henry, I. 508-513, 513 note, 514 note, II. 429, 430. Fundy, Bay of, I. 237, 239, 247, 261, 268, II. 78, 87; dikes on, I. 258. Fur-trade, the, I. 37, 41, 50, 64, 72, 76, 103, 320, 369, II. 24, 27, 403.