ITALIAN EXERCISES. (continued 2)

Sir, I am very sorry rincrescere I cannot oblige you, non potere servire for I must perchè bisógna go myself to meet andáre ad incóntrar my wife, moglie who is coming from veníre the country; campágna but any other time ma altro volta it will be éssere at your service. servízio.

We often make use of the Impersonal Verb rincréscere, when we speak of the misfortunes of others, which signifies in English, to be sorry, to be concerned; and then the following word must be in the Genitive Case.

I am sorry for rincréscere the misfortune disgrázia that has befallen accadére you.

We ought dovére to be concerned at rincréscere our friend’s amíco misfortunes. sciagúre.

I was very much concerned moltíssimo rincréscere at your loss. pérdita.

Mi pare mill’ anni is an Italian expression which signifies to long; we make use of it only in the present of the Indicative, and the following verb must be in the Infinitive with the Preposition di.

I long to see your father vedére padre to tell him dire how much you deserve quanto meritáre to be praised for éssere lodáto your diligence. diligenza.

I long to go into the country, andáre campagna to settle a dispute aggiustáre dispúta that arose náscere amongst my farmers. fra fattóre.

I long to pay what I owe you, pagáre dovére for I do not love perchè amáre to be in any body’s debt. dovére a nessúno.

I long to know sapére the Italian language Italiáno lingua perfectly well. perfettaménte bene.

We often make use of avér gran voglia, for to long, and it requires the following Verb to be in the Infinitive mood.

I long to go and see andáre vedére Mr. George, Giórgio to ask him domandáre for the money he owes me, danáro dovére but I will put it off ma differíre till next week, fíno próssimo settimána that you may go with me. potére venire.

I long to go to Italy, andáre Italia for I do not love piacére to live in England. vívere Inghiltérra.

I long to tell you something, dire qualche cosa though I do not know benchè sapére how to tell it you, dire for fear of per paúra disobliging you. dispiacere.

I long to learn Italian, imparáre Italiáno and for all that con tutto ciò I do not know sapére what hinders me impedíre from beginning. principiáre.

Degnársi is often used for to be so kind as, and requires the following verb in the Infinitive Mood.

Be so kind as degnáre to hear me a moment, sentíre moménto and you will see that vedére what they told you of me dire is a false report. éssere falso rappórto.

Be so kind as degnáre to grant me that favour, accordáre favóre and I will not trouble you incomodáre any more.

Posso appéna, I can hardly, requires the following verb to be in the Infinitive Mood.

I can hardly posso appéna believe crédere what you tell me dire of Mr. Gregory, signóre Gregório for I always took him for perchè sempre crédere a very sober honest man. sobrio onésto uómo.

I could hardly potere appéna believe my eyes crédere ócchio when I saw you, quando vedére for I thought perchè pensáre you were in America. éssere América.

I have got such a cold, éssere talmente infreddáto and my head is testa so heavy, that pesánte I can hardly potere appéna read a word. leggere paróla.

Scarce, or hardly must likewise be expressed by appéna.

Scarce appéna were you gone out éssere uscíto last night, jéri sera when your friend, che amíco sir William Henry, cavaliére Guglielmo Enrico came to see me, veníre vedere and was very sorry dispiacere you did not stay restáre a little longer. poco più.

There are éssere men in the world uómo mondo who are so much éssere tanto used to do mischief, avvézzo fare male that they are éssere hardly appéna out of trouble, uscíto impáccio but they immediately fall che súbito cadére into another. altro.

Scarce appéna have you done avére fatto a good action, buóno azióne but you seem to repent it; parére pentírsi for were it not so, perchè éssere così you would not so soon again fall into così presto ricadére your former ill courses. primiéra cattiva vita.

To have much ado, must be rendered in Italian by stentáre, and requires the following verb in the Infinitive with the Preposition a.

I had much ado stentáre yesterday jéri to persuade persuadére your brother fratéllo to stay with me; restáre he would go and sup with andáre cenáre Mr. Horace, Signór Orázio who came to town veníre città last night. jeri sera.

I had much ado stentáre to make peace with fare pace your mother, madre she was fully resolved éssere affátto risolúto not to forgive you, perdonáre therefore perciò take care badáre for the future all’avveníre not to offend her offéndere any more.

I had much ado stentáre to engage your uncle impegnáre zio to pass his word passáre paróla for a hundred pounds cento lira I owe Mr. Clement. dovére Cleménte.

To be quiet must be rendered in Italian by, star fermo, saldo, or chetársi.

You will not be quiet stare fermo till you have done finchè avér fatto some mischief. male.

Be quiet, chetársi or else altriménte I will make you fare repent it. pentíre.

You would not be quiet stare saldo when I bid you, quando ordinare you see now vedere adésso what you suffer soffríre for it.

Abbassár gli occhj, signifies to look down.

When you speak to quando parláre a person of great quality, persóna alto qualità you ought not dovere to stare at him, fissáre but you ought ma dovére sometimes qualche volta to look down abbassare gli occhj to show him mostráre the respect you have rispétto avére for him.

Upon Interrogations.

[See Gram. p. 70.]

From whence had America its name? avére América nome From Amerigo Vesputio, Amerigo Vespúzio a Florentine, Fiorentíno in 1497; though Columbus was [1]benchè Colómbo éssere the first discoverer primo scopritóre of it in 1492.

How large grande is that country? paése How is that empire impéro divided? divíso What are the productions prodótto of it? What is there worthy of notice degno notízia in that country? paése Are there any European colonies Européa colónia in that part of the world? parte mondo?

Who subdued soggiogáre the greatest part of grande parte the world mondo in twelve years time? dódici anno Alexander, Alessándro king of Macedonia. Re Macedónia.

To whom do the Canary Islands Canárie Ísola belong, appartenére how many are there of them, quante [2]éssere and how do they lie? éssere situáto?

Upon the Irregular Construction of Personal and Possessive Pronouns.

[See Gram. p. 61, and 66.]

Most men la maggior parte uómo worship love, adoráre amóre to it they sacrifice sagrificáre their finest days, bello giórno and from it they expect aspettáre their greatest happiness. grande felicità.

Glory makes glória fare the whole ambition tutto ambizióne of heroes; eróe they thirst after nothing, respirare altro they seek nothing else; cercáre altro they apply to it alone, indirizzársi solo it is to it alone solo they make vows. fare voto.

Self-love is amáre próprio our primum mobile; primo móbile it is that which rules our passions, regoláre passióne and to it are men indebted éssere uómo debitóre for most of the services maggior parte servízio which they reciprocally render reciprocaménte réndere one another.

Is that éssere the tree albéro you were speaking of? parláre Yes, that is it.

It looks parére very fine, bello but ma its fruit frutto is good for nothing. non vale níente.

This, on the contrary, contrário has no appearance; avére apparénza it is a peach-tree, pérsico and the peaches pésca are delicious. éssere delizióso.

When general G. quando generále G. saw himself pursued vedére seguitáto so close, he, così da vicíno reaching the river, arriváre fiúme threw himself in it gettársi (on horseback), a cavállo with a design intenzióne to cross it over, tráversáre rapid as it was; [1] rápido éssere when he came to quando veníre the stream, corrénte for all he did tutto fare to resist it, resístere he could not potére get the better of it; superare he then resolved allóra risólvere to go down with it, seguíre and let himself lasciarsi be carried away; portáre via but his horse ma cavállo was too tired éssere troppo stanco to be able to swim long; potére nuotáre molto and as he endeavoured come sforzársi to quit the stream, lasciáre corrénte the animal, bestia which had now avére lost all its strength, pérdere tutto forza sunk under him; sommergérsi he expected it, aspettársi therefore perciò resigned himself rassegnársi to his fate; destíno he still swam ancóra nuotáre (for a while) (per un pezzo) with the stream, corrénte but not being able ma potére to get out of it, sortire he was drowned. éssere annegato.

The water acqua which you have recommended him avére raccomandáto to drink bere is not fit for him; essere próprio I know all its qualities, conóscere tutto qualità and will never recommend it mai raccomandáre in such a case. tale caso Of these two rivers, questo due fiúme one has its spring in avére sorgénte the Alps, and the other in altro the Pyrenees. Pirenéi.

I have bought avére compráre a new sword, nuóvo spada the hilt of it guárdia is silver, éssere d’argénto but I do not like ma amáre its shell; cóccia I will not part with disfársi della the old one; vécchio it has done me much service; avére reso molto servízio I have twice avére due volta owed my life to it; dovuto vita only solo I will get it cleaned, and fare ripulire get a new hilt to it, méttere nuóvo guárdia and it will still ancóra be of service to me servíre by night. nottetempo.

Keep from allontanársi the wall, muro do not lean appogiársi upon it.

If you sit sedére in that arm-chair sédia d’appoggio take care badáre you do not hurt yourself, farsi male for perchè the back and elbows spalliera bracciuólo are broken. éssere rotto.

His house is fine, casa bello I like its situation, amáre situazióne but the rooms ma stánza are not well contrived: éssere bene regoláto he has spent a great deal of money avére fátto gran spesa upon it; he has altered the roof, avére fatto cambiar tetto and made fatto a stately stair-case; supérbo scala it costs him much, costáre molto but (upon the whole) ma per altro he owes his health to it; dovere salúte he lives there vívere the whole year. tutto anno The gardens giardíno are very fine; éssere bello he has added aver aggiúnto groves boschétto and water spouts getto d’acqua to them; there are fine meadows éssere bello prato all around: all’intorno he designs to make contáre fare still greater alterations. maggióre cambiaménto.

On the verb to play, with the Particles at, and on.

Do you never play mai giuocáre at cards? carta I play sometimes qualche volta at piquet, picchetto and at quadrille, quartíglio to oblige the company. obbligáre compagnía.

Let us play for giuocáre a crown. scudo I never play so high; fare mai grosso giuóco I do not like non piacére to play for so much money: tanto danáro I do not love amáre to play at games of chance, giuóco di sorte as at dice, come dado or even at cards; anche carta but I like to play piacére sometimes qualche volta at bowls, bocce at billiards, bigliárdo at tennis, pallacórda or nine pins. birillo We play at chess scácchi every night, ogni sera my cousin and I. cugíno Can you play on sapére suonáre any instrument? qualche struménto?

I can play a little potére suonáre poco on the flute. flauto I thought crédere you could also play anche suonáre on the fiddle. violíno No: but I know ma sapere that you play very well suonáre on the bass-viol: viola d’amore if you please piacére to come to our house, veníre da noi we will make a little concert: fare píccolo concerto my sister will play sorélla suonáre on the piano-forte, piano-forte you on your bass, basso and I will sing. cantare.

We use the Verb avére, instead of éssere, in speaking of being hungry, dry, cold, hot, or old.

You eat as if mangiáre you were not hungry. avére fame Excuse me, scusáre I eat well enough, assai bene but I am not very hungry; avére grande fame I am more dry than hungry. avére sete fame I have been thirsty avere avúto sete all day. tutto giórno.

I am very cold, avére freddo and very hungry. fame Are you cold? avére freddo On the contrary al contrário I am very warm, avére gran caldo but I am tired. ma stanco.

My hands mano are so cold that avére freddo I cannot write. potére scrivére.

[1]I believe crédere your head is always cold, testa sempre freddo for perchè you seldom pull off raraménte leváre your hat. cappéllo.

How old is quanto anno avere your sister? sorélla She is not fifteen yet. avére quíndici anno I thought crédere she was twenty; avére venti anno and you, sir, ed ella how old are you? avére?

I was very cold avére freddo this morning mattína when I came: quando veníre but I am very warm now. ma caldo adésso You do not look so. parére You eat as if mangiáre you were not hungry. avére fame I am more cold freddo than hungry. fame I have been thirsty ho avuto sete all the day. giórno.

The Impersonal Verb must, is sometimes rendered by dovere, and sometimes by bisognáre.

To make war fare guerra plenty of money molto danáro must be had. bisógna avére.

Men must love virtue si dovére amáre virtù to be happy. felíce One must be mad bisognáre pazzo to think that crédere men can be happy uómo potére without senza[1] loving virtue. amáre virtù.

Men should learn first dovére imparáre prima the duties dovére belonging to appartenénte human nature. umáno natúra.

A woman must have donna bisógna avére a good deal of circumspection circospezióne not to speak parláre of herself. One must not hope bisognáre speráre to see men cured uómo guarírsi of the ill-habit cattivo abitúdine they have avére of speaking always parláre sempre of themselves, their adventures, avventúra and wealth; opulénza for nothing is niénte more tiresome. nojoso One should impose upon one’s-self dovére farsi a law legge never to speak of one’s-self mái parláre neither one way, nor another. [2]

We must not dovére easily believe facilménte crédere those who flatter us: adulare neither must we reject entirely rigettáre the compliments compliménto that are paid to us, fare when we think quando crédere we deserve them; meritáre that mistaken modesty malintesa modéstia is hardly less displeasing, poco meno spiacévole than a foolish vanity. sciócco vanità Much art arte and nicety delicatézza are requisite necessário to season praises well: condire lode but there is also ma anche a way modo of receiving them, ricévere when they are merited, quando meritare that does not displease offendere modesty. modéstia Praises are like lode come a sort of tribute spécie tribúto paid to true merit: réndere vero mérito we must dovére neither reject them nè rigettáre through affectation, per affettazióne nor hanker after them nè ambíre too eagerly. con troppa premúra.

On the negative Particles and Adverbs.

No one knows nissúno sapére the sufferings sofferénza of lovers, amánte unless se non he himself has loved.

I have always loved her sempre amáto very much. molto.

To court far la corte with respect rispétto and attention, attenzióne is the best means mezzo of being loved again. riamáto I have found avére trovare nobody nessúno of your opinion. opinione.

I by no means in nessún modo believe credere what he says; dire nor I neither. nemméno io.

She always comes sempre veníre unseasonably, fuór di tempo as well as come anche her sister. sorélla.

He has not yet received avére ancóra ricevúto an answer. rispósta.

Is there any thing niente more wonderful, ammirábile than the virtue of virtù the loadstone? calamíta?

Did he ever mai mention it? mentováre?

We have done avére fatto nothing niénte that ought dovére to make you angry. andar in colera.

I am going there, andáre lest he should come. per timor veníre.

I tell you, that, dire if henceforth se da quì innánzi I perceive accorgérsi that you attempt tentáre to play any trick fare tiro to hinder me a impedíre from marrying my son, maritáre figlio I will complain to lagnarsi the magistrate, magistrato and get you punished fare punire severely.—I promise you severamente prométtere I will never do it. mai fare.

She is indifferent indifferénte to me; and I neither love, amáre nor hate her. odiáre.

Now that ora they are under my care, éssere sotto cura they behave comportársi very prudently. prudentémente.

She has avére neither relations, nè parénte nor friends. nè amíco.

I will never forgive you, mai perdonáre unless se non you promise prométtere to see her: vedere she is so ill that stare male she can take nothing, potére pigliáre neither can she nè potére have any rest. avére ripóso.

I will not take pigliáre any physic medicína before prima the winter invérno is quite out. affátto passáto.

Why perchè does he not boldly tell her liberaménte dire his reasons? ragióne?

He knows not sapére where dove to meet her incontráre now. adésso.

I ask nothing but domandáre che what is just; giústo I cannot pay others, non potére pagáre altro if I am not paid pagáre what is due to me. éssere dovúto.

On the Conjunctions.

Although benchè I have no money, avére danáro I cannot resolve non potére risólvere to borrow any prenderne ad imprestito of my friends. da amico Obey, obbedíre or else altrimente you shall be whipped. [1]staffiláte.

When quando I punish you for puníre your faults, fallo you think I hate you; crédere odiáre whereas it is only in vece che because I love you, perchè amáre I take that trouble. préndere incómodo.

Your brother fratello came to see me veníre vedére yesterday jéri as soon as súbito che you were gone. partíre If he come again, ritornáre be so good as avére bontà to tell him dire that I have waited for him avére aspettáto till now. fin’ora.

Though benchè I used my utmost endeavours, fare tutto i miei sforzi and neglected nothing trascuráre niénte to please him, piacere yet nientediméno he was constantly scolding me. continuaménte sgridáre.

That Adriana, Adriána whether che she is Pamphilus’s wife, Pamfílo moglie or whether o che she is but his mistress, amorósa she is always with him. sempre con lui.

Either sia through reason, per ragióne or caprice, capríccio she has married him. sposáre.

Wars guerra are not so bloody sanguinóso since dopo the invention of invenzióne gunpowder. pólvere da schioppo.

Unless a meno che a book be libro instructive istruttívo or entertaining, piacévole I do not wish to read it.

Whether che she is writing, scrívere or reading, léggere she will have volére avére her parrot pappágallo with her.

Since dacchè you have forbidden him, avére proibíto he does it no more.

If he should call at my house, passáre da me while I am out, mentre éssere fuóri my people gente would tell him dire where dove I am.

Whether sia he wins, guadagnáre or loses, pérdere he is always the same. sempre l’istesso.

I will not go there, andáre unless a meno you go along with me. meco.

You must not play dovére giuocáre before prima you can say your lesson. sapére lezióne.

Why perchè do you not learn it imparáre then, instead of dunque in vece losing your time? pérdere tempo He is so far from being in vece éssere forward, avanzáto that he knows sapére nothing at all. niénte Far from affátto lungi following my advice, seguíre consíglio he does not mind badáre what I say dire to him.

I will rather consent piuttósto consentíre to lose all, pérdere than give up my right. rinunziáre.

Though se you were a king, éssere Re I would not marry you. sposáre.

Would to God volére I still were éssere sotto under his tuition, condótta and my father padre had never removed me avére mai ritiráto from his school. scuóla.

It avails nothing to servíre niénte a girl ragázza to be young, gióvine without being handsome, senza bello nor to be nè éssere handsome without being wise. senza saggio.

After dopo you have done fare your exercise, tema you must read it over dovére ripassare two or three times, due tre volta to correct the faults corréggere erróre you may have made in it. potére fare.

Remember what I told you ricordársi dire several times, parrécchie volte that you will never be able mai potére to speak, parláre or write Italian, scrívere Italiáno unless a meno you are master of the rules. possédere régola.

I will take so much pains darsi tanto pena that I hope speráre I shall speak it before it is long; fra poco though benchè I am convinced convínto it is very difficult diffícile to learn imparáre the Italian tongue Italiáno lingua perfectly well. perfettaménte.

You will not find it trováre so hard, diffícile if you learn the rules well. régola bene.

The narrowness of picolezza the mind, ánimo ignorance ignoránza and presumption presunzióne produce stubbornness; ostinazióne because perchè obstinate people ostináto will believe crédere nothing but what they understand, che quel compréndere and they understand but very few things. ben poco cosa.

On most Prepositions.

I rather choose amáre meglio to live vívere in the country campágna than in town, città especially at Florence: sopra tutto Firénze therefore perciò I intend to set out fare conto partire to-morrow dománi for my country-house, casa di campagna and then e poi I will send mandáre my eldest son maggiore figlio to Sicily Sicília for the summer. state.

Where dove will you go andáre to-night? staséra To the play. commédia.

When quando shall I dance, sir? balláre You shall dance in your turn, quando vi toccáre and not before. prima.

Where do you live, sir? star di casa I live in St. James’s street, San Giácomo strada near a fruiterer’s, vicíno fruttajuólo opposite a taylor’s. dirimpétto sartóre The best way via to go to my house, venir da me is to pass through passáre attravérso the Park, Parco since giacchè you live in Westminster. stare in Westminster I intend far conto to travel first viaggiáre all over England, tutto Inghilterra and France, Fráncia and then to Germany, poi Germánia and Italy; Itália from Italy to Spain, Spagna where I shall embark dove imbarcársi to return ritornáre to England. Inghilterra.

I shall go to andáre Scotland Scózia in six months, fra sei mesi or thereabouts. incírca.

I will call upon passáre your partners socio within twelve days; fra dódici giórno and I will wait upon them accompagnáre as far as infíno their seat, villa which is magnificent; manífico were you ever there? éssere mai Yes. si The walls paréte are inlaid with marble; lamináre marmo the stair-case scala is painted in oil; dipínto a ólio all the furniture tutto tapezzeria is worked with the needle; fatto ad ago in short, in somma nothing richer ricco can be seen. potére vedére.

I should be very glad avére ben caro to spend a few days passáre alcuno giórno at that wonderful seat. maraviglióso villa How far is it? lontáno?

It is a great way: molto lontáno di qui it is about incírca a hundred and twenty miles off. miglio.

The most uneasy situation spiacevole situazióne is between fear and hope. lo stare fra timóre speránza Heroes formerly eróe anticaménte sacrificed themselves sacrificársi for their country patria and their mistress; bella now-a-days oggidì nothing is done niénte farsi but for fortune fortúna and pleasure. piacére.

A woman can please donna potére piacére without beauty, senza bellezza but she can hardly difficilmente do it without sense sénso and amiability. amabilità.

There is no less meno eloquence eloquenza in the tone of the voice, tuóno voce the eyes, ócchio and the countenance, aspétto than in the choice of words. scelta paróla.

Europe, Európa in relation to rispetto the other parts of the world, altro parte mondo lies northward; éssere situáto settentrióne it is bounded confináto on the east oriente by Asia, Ásia and the Black Sea, Nero Mare which communicates with comunicáre the Mediterranean Mediterranéo by the Straits of Constantinople; Stretto Costantinópoli on the south mezzogiórno by Africa, Áffrica from which it is separated by quale separáre the Mediterranean Sea; mare on the west by occidénte the Atlantic ocean; Atlantíco oceáno and on the north by settentrióne the Frozen Sea: Mar Glaciále its extent estensione taken prendere from Cape St. Vincent Capo San Vincénzio to the frontiers of Asia, frontiera Ásia is about incírca 3,600 English miles: and Inglése miglio from Cape North Capo Norte to Greece Grécia is about 2,200 miles.

France has Fráncia Spain Spagna towards the south, verso mezzogiórno from which it is divided by divíso the Pyrenean mountains, Pirenéo which are of a surprising height, stupéndo altézza and extend stendérsi from the ocean oceano to the Mediterranean; Mediterraneo a tract of tratto about incirca 220 miles. miglia.

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