Part 3 — INDEX

☞Illustrations are indicated by an asterisk

Acanthia lectularia, *188. Acarina, 230. Acmara spectorum, *248. Actinozoa, 97, 102. Adaptation, 407. Adder, spreading, 321. Ægialitis vocifera, 349. Agalenidæ, 235. Agkistrodon piscivorous, 323. Aix sponsa, 347. Albatross, 346. Alca impennis, 345. Alce americana, *385, 396. Alligator, 326. Alligator mississippensis, 326. Alternation of generations, 96. Amblophtes rupestris, 282. Amblystoma, 297, 298. Amblystoma maculatum, 299. Ameiurus, 282. Amœba, *32; structure and life of, 31. Amphioxus, 278. Anaconda, 324. Anas boschas, 347. Anatomy defined, 3. Anguilla, 284. Anguillula, 140. Anolis principalis, 319. Anosia plexippus, anatomy of larva of, 177; external structure of, 171, *172; life of, 175; mimicked by Basilarchia archippus, *433. Anseres, 347. Ant, little black, *224; little brown, 223. Antelope, *395, 396. Antenna of carrion beetle, *184. Antilocapra americana, *395, 396. Antrostomus vociferus, 356. Ant, 212, 218, 223. Anura, 299. Ape, 401. Aphidiæ, 200. Apis florea, comb of, *222. Apis mellifica, *218. Appearance, terrifying, 430. Aquarium, 457. Aquarium, battery-jar, *461. Aquila chrysætos, 342. Arachnida, 144, 229. Arctomys monax, 391. Ardea herodias, 358. Ardea virescens, 347. Argiope sp., *236. Argonaut, 257. Argonauta argo, 257. Ariolimax californica, *252. Arthogastra, 230. Arthropoda, 144. Ascidian, 259, *261. Aspidiotus aurantii, *198. Asterias sp., structure and life of, 108. Asterias, *109; cross-section of, *112. Asterias ocracia, *122. Asterina mineata, *122. Asteroidea, 120, 121. Attidæ, 235. Auk, great, 345. Aves, 327. Aythya vallisneria, 347. Ayu, 283. Back-swimmer, 197, 199. Balanus, *153. Balæna glacialis, 393. Balæna mysticetus, 393. Barbadoes earth, 82. Barnacle, *153, 155; sessile, 155; stalked, 155. Barn-owl, 353. Bartramia longicauda, 349. Bascanium constrictor, 321. Bass, 282. Bat, hoary, *392. Batrachia, 291. Batrachians, 291; body form and structure of, 292; classification of, 295; life-history and habits of, 295; structure of, 292. Bat, 391. Bead-snake, 322. Bear, 398. Beaver, 391. Bed-bug, *188. Bee, 212; solitary, 216. Beetle, great water-scavenger, 163; external structure, *164; internal structure, *167; antenna of carrion, *184; Colorado potato, 209. Beetle, 206; carrion, 209; whirligig, 206. Bell-animalcule, structure and life of, 75. Bills of birds, 362. Bipinnaria, 119. Bird, frigate, 346; man-of-war, 346; outline of body showing external regions, *330; ruby-throat humming, nest and eggs of, *357. Bird-louse, *194. Birds, 327; bills and feet of, 362; body form and structure of, 336; care of young, 366; classification of, 340; collecting, 466; determining, 359; development and life-history of, 339; feeding habits of, 370; flight and songs of, 364; migration of, 367; molting of, 361; nesting of, 366; protection of, 370. Bird-skins, making, 466. Bison bison, 396, *397. Bittern, 348. Blacksnake, 321. Blissus leucopterus, 198. Blood, circulation of, in mammal, *376. Blood of toad, structure of, 40. Blow-fly, 201, 202; section through compound eye of, *185. "Bob Jordan" (monkey), *400. Bobwhite, 350. Bombus, 216. Bombyx mori, anatomy of larva of, *178. Bonasa umbellus, 350. Books, reference, 454. Borer, peach-tree, *210. Botaurus lentiginosus, 348. Box tortoise, 315. Brachynotus nudus, *153. Brains of vertebrates, *378. Branch, defined, 73. Branta canadensis, 347. Breeding cage, 458, 459. Brittle-stars, 120, 121, 122. Bubo virginianus, 353. Buffalo, 396, *397. Bufo lentiginosus, 301; dissection of, 5. Bullfrog, 299. Bumblebee, 216. Bunodes californica, 103. Buteo, 353. Butterfly, external structure of, 171, *172; life of, 175; monarch, anatomy of larva of, 177; dead leaf, *429; mimicked by viceroy, *433. Butterflies, 205; setting-board for, *466, 467. Buzzard, turkey, 352. Cachalot, 393. Cage, lamp-chimney and flower-pot breeding, *459; soap-box breeding, *458. Cake-urchin, 124. Calcarea, 91. Calliphora vomitoria, 202; section through compound eye of, *185. Callorhinus alascanus, *399. Callorhinus ursinus, parasitized, *422. Cambarus sp., dissection of, 18; life of, 146. Camphephilus principalis, 355. Cancer productus, *153. Canis familiaris, 398. Canis latrans, 398. Canis nubilus, 398. Canvas-back, 347. Carcharodon, 280. Caribou, 396. Cassowary, 343. Castor canadensis, 391. Caterpillar, apple tent, 208; forest tent, 209. Catfish, 282. Cathartes aura, 352. Cavia, 390. Cell, defined, 37. Cell differentiation, degrees of, 54. Cell products, 38. Cell wall, 38. Centiped, *228, 229; skein, *228. Centipeds, 226. Centrocercus urophasianus, 350. Centrurus sp., *236. Cephalpoda, 246. Cercopithicus, *400. Cervus canadensis, *394, 395. Ceryle alcyon, 354. Cete, 393. Cetorhinus, 270, 280. Chætura pelagica, 356. Chain-snake, 320. Chalk, 81. Chameleon, green, 318. Chelonia, 313, 314. Chelonia mydas, 315. Chelydra serpentina, 314. Chen hyperborea, 247. Chicken-hawk, 353. Chimney-swift, 356. Chinch bug, 198. Chipmunk, 391. Chiroptera, 391. Chitin, 145, 158. Chlorostomum funebrale, *248. Chordata, 259; classification of, 260. Chordeiles virginianus, 356. Chromatophore, 256. Chub, 282. Chrysemys, 314. Cicada, 199; seventeen-year, *200; septendecim, *200, 197. Circulation of blood in mammal, *376. Circus hudsonius, 352. Cistudo carolina, 314. Clams, 246; hard shell, 247; soft-shell, 247. Class, defined, 73. Classification, basis and signification of, 65; defined, 3; example of, 68. Clisiocampa americana, larvæ, *208. Clisiocampa disstria, caterpillars, *209; life-history of, 207. Clupea harengus, 284. Cobra-da-capello, 324. Coccidæ, 198. Coccyges, 354. Coccyzus, 354. Cock, chapparal, 354. Cockroach, 192. Codfish, 284. Cœcilians, 302. Cœlenterata, 92; classification of, 96; development and life-history of, 95; form of, 93; skeleton of, 95; structure of, 94. Colaptes auratus, *355. Colaptes cafer, 355. Coleoptera, 206. Colinus virginianus, 350. Collections, making, 461. Color, use of, 424. Colors, warning, 430. Colubridæ, 319. Columba fasciata, 351. Columba livia, 351. Columbæ, 351. Colymbus auritus, 343. Comb-building of honey-bee, *221. Comb of East Indian honey-bee, *222. Commensalism, 155, 413. Communal life, 411. Condor, California, 352. Condylura cristata, 391. Conjugation, 35, 60. Conotrachelus cratægi, *212, 213. Conotrachelus nenuphar, *214. Constrictor, boa, 324. Conurus carolinensis, 353. Coot, American, 349. Copperhead, 322. Coral, 95; branching, *104; red, 106. Coral islands, 104, 106. Coral polyps, 104. Coral reefs, 106. Corals, 92, 102, 104. Coregonus, 283. Corisa, 197. Corisa sp., *199. Cormorant, 346. Cornea of eye of horse-fly, *186. Cottontail, 390. Coyote, 398. Crab, 151, 152; soft-shelled, 154. Crabs, *153. Crane, sand-hill, 348; whooping, 348. Crayfish, dissection of, 18, *18, 22; life of, 146. Cricket, house, *193. Cricket, 192. Crinoid, *126. Crinoidea, 121, 125. Crocodile, 326. Crocodilea, 313, 325. Crocodilus americanus, 326. Crotalus, 322. Crustacea, 144, 146; form and structure of, 147. Cryptobranchus, 298. Ctenophora, 97, 107. Cuckoos, 354. Cucumaria, 124. Cucumber-beetles, 209. Culex sp., 204, *205. Curculio plum, *214. Curculio quince, *212, 213. Curlew, long-billed, 350. Cuttlefishes, 255. Cyclas, 247. Cyclophis æstivus, 320. Cyclops, 148, *149. Cyclostomata, 278. Cytoplasm, 38. Dabchick, 343. Dactylus sp., *249. Damp bug, *151. Darters, 282. Dasyatis, 281. Decapoda, 151. Decapods, 256. Deer, 396. Degeneration, 417. Dendrostomium cronjhelmi, *134. Development, defined, 3; embryonic, defined, 62; post-embryonic, defined, 62; simplest, 59. Diapheromera femorata, *427. Diaspis rosæ, *198. Dictynidæ, 235. Didelphis virginiana, 390. Diemystylus torosus, *299. Diemystylus viridescens, 297. Dimorphism, 96. Diptera, 201. Distribution, barriers to, 437; geographical,435; laws of, 436; local, of birds, 367; modes of, 437. Diver, great northern, 343. Dolphins, 393. Doris tuberculata, *254. Draco, 319. Dragon-flies, 294. Dragon-fly, *196. Dragon, flying, 318. Drawings, 447. Dryobates pubescens, 355. Dryobates villosus, 355. Duck, ruddy, 347. Dyticus sp., 210. Dytiscidæ, 207. Eagle, bald, 352; golden, 352. Ear of locust, *187. Earthworm, anatomy of, *126; alimentary canal of, *126; cross-section of, *131; reproductive organs of, *130; structure and life of, 127. Earthworms, 136. Echinoderm, development of, 119; structure of, 117; shape of, 116. Echinodermata, 108; classification of, 120. Echinodoris sp., *254. Echinoidea, 121, 122, 123. Eciton, 225. Ecology, animal, 403. Ectopistes migratorius, 351. Eel, 284. Eft, green, 297; western brown, *299. Eggs of birds, collecting, 469. Eider, 347. Elasmobranchii, 279. Elassoma, 271. Elk, *394, 396. Epeiridæ, 236. Ephemerida, 194. Epialtus productus, *153. Equipment of laboratory, 450. Equipment of pupil, 447. Erethizon dorsatus, 391. Erethizon epixanthus, 391. Eretmochelys imbricata, 215. Erismatura rubida, 347. Eumeces skeltonianus, *316. Eupomotic gibbosuc, dissection of, (facing) *263; life of, 270; structure of, 263. Exocætus, 285. Eye, cornea of compound, of horse-fly, *186; section through compound, of blow-fly, *185. Eye of vertebrate, *378. Falco sparverius, 353. Family, defined, 72. Fauna, 440. Feather-stars, 121, 125, *126. Feet of birds, 362. Felis concolor, 398. Feræ, 397. Fever, yellow, and mosquitoes, 205. Fiber zibethicus, 391. Fire-flies, 209. Fishes, 263; body form and structure of, 271; classification of, 277; development and life-history of, 276; habits and adaptations of, 285. Fish-hatcheries, 288. Flat-worms, 137. Flea, house, *204. Flickers, 355. Flies, 201; chalcid, 214; ichneumon, 212. Flight of birds, 366. Flying fishes, 285. Food-fishes, 288. Food of birds, 370. Foraminifera, 80. Fox, 398. Fregata aquila, 346. Frogs, 299. Fulica americana, 349. Fulmars, 345. Function, defined, 14. Functions, essential, 15. Fur-seals, 398, *399. Fur-seals, parasitized, *422. Gadus callarias, 284. Galley-worm, *227. Gall-flies, 214. Gallinæ, 350. Gastropoda, 246. Gavia imber, 347. Gavial, 326. Generation, spontaneous, 58. Genmules, 85. Genus, defined, 70. Geococcyx californianus, 354. Gephyrean, *134. Girdler, currant stem, *215. Glass-snake, 317. Glires, 391. Goat, Rocky Mt., 397. Gonionema vertens, *101. Goose, Canada, 347. Gophers, pocket, 391. Gordius, 140. Grantia, *47. Grantia sp., 85. Grayling, 284. Grebe, horned, 343; pied-billed, 343. Green, methyl, 351. Greensnake, 320. Gregariousness, 410. Grouse, ruffed, 350. Grus americana, 348. Grus mexicana, 348. Guillemot, 345. Guinea-pig, 391. Guinea-worm, 140. Gull, great black-backed, 345. Gulls, 345. Gymnophiona, 302. Gyrinidæ, 206. Habitat, 441. Hag-fishes, 279. Hair-worms, 140. Haliætus leucocephalus, 352. Halictus, 216. Harporhynchus redivivus, *371. Hatteria, 312. Hawk, marsh, 352. Helmet shells, 255. Heloderma horridum, *317. Hemiptera, 197. Hermit-crab, 154, *153. Herodiones, 347. Heron, great blue, 348; green, 347. Herring, 284. Heteredon platirhinos, 321. Hippocampus hippocampus, *285. Holothuroidea, 121, 124. Homo sapiens, 398. Honey-bee, *218; brood-cells of, *219; building comb, *221; comb of East Indian, *222; cross-section of body of pupa of, *191. Honey-bees, 212. Honey-dew, food of ants, 223. Hornets, 217. Horse-fly, cornea of eye of, *186. House-fly, 202. Humming-birds, 356. Hydra, *47; structure and life of, 46. Hydrozoa, 96, 97. Hydrophilidæ, 207. Hydrophilus sp., external structure of, *164; internal structure of, *167. Hygrotrechus, 198, *199. Hyla pickeringii, 300. Hyla versicolor, 300. Hymenoptera, 212. Hyptiotes sp., and web, *238. Iguana, 318. Imago, 190. Injecting-masses, 451. Insect, pinned, *465; twig, *427; wingless, *181. Insecta, 157. Insectivora, 391. Insects, classification of, 191; collecting, 463; communal, 215; development and life-history of, 188; form and structure of, 181; killing-bottle for, *463; social, 215. Invertebrate, defined, 30. Islands, coral, 104, 106. Isopod, *151. Isopoda, 150. Jack rabbit, 390. Janus integer, *215. Jellyfish, *101. Jellyfishes, 92; colonial, 97. Joint-snake, 318. Julus, *327. June-beetle, 212. June beetles, 206. Kallima, *429. Kangaroo, 389. Katydids, 192. Kelp-crab, *152. Kill-deer, 349. Killing-bottle for insects, *463. Kingfisher, belted, 354. Laboratory, equipment of, 450. Lachnosterna, 212. Lady-birds, 209. Lagopus, 350. Lake-lamprey, 279. Lampetra wilderi, 279. Lamprey, *278; brook, 279. Lampropeltis boylii, *321. Lampropeltis getulus, 320. Lancelet, 278. Larks, horned, *358. Larus marinus, 345. Larva, 189; of Monarch butterfly, anatomy of, 177; parasitized, *420. Lasiurus borealis, 392. Lasiurus cinereus, *392. Lasius flavus, 223. Leeches, 136. Lemurs, 401. Leucania unipuncta, *211. Lepidocyrtus americanus, *181. Lepidoptera, 205. Leptocardii, 277. Leptoplana californica, *138. Lepus campestris, 390. Lepus nuttali, 390. Life-history, defined, 62. Life-processes, essential, 15. Limicolæ, 349. Limpets, 255, *248. Littorina scutulata, *248. Live cages, 457. Liver of toad, structure of, 41. Lizard, *309. Lizards, 316. Lobster, 151, 152. Locust, differential, 156; ear of, *187; red-legged, 156, *157; Rocky Mt., 156; structure and life of, 156; two-striped, 156. Locusts, 192. Loligo, 257. Longipennes, 345. Loon, 343. Lumbricus sp., alimentary canal of, *131; cross-section of, *132; structure and life of, 127. Lung-fish, 285. Lycena, scales of wings of, *206. Lycosidæ, 235. Lynx rufus, 398. Macrocheira, 154. Madrepora cervicornis, *105. Malaclemmys palustris, 314. Malaria and mosquitoes, 205. Mallard, 347. Mammal, circulation of blood in, *376. Mammalia, 373. Mammals, 373; body form and structure of, 381; classification of, 389; development and life-history of, 388; habits, instinct and reason of, 388; making skins of, 470. Man, 398. Man-of-war, Portuguese, 98, *97. Marsupialia, 389. Martesia xylophaga, *251. Massasauga, 32. May-flies, 194. May-fly, nymph of, *197. Medusa, *101. Megalobatrachus, 298. Megascops asio, *352, 353. Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 355. Melanerpes formicivorus, 356. Melanoplus sp., ear of, *187; structure and life-history of, 157. Melanoplus vibittatus, 157. Melanoplus differentialis, 157. Melanoplus femur-rubrum, 157, *158. Melanoplus spretus, 157. Meleagrina margaritifera, 250. Merula migratoria propinqua, *368. Metamorphosis, complete, 171, 188, 189; incomplete, 171, 189. Metazoa, defined, 43. Mice, 391. Micropterus dolomien, 282. Micropterus salmoides, 282. Migration of birds, 367. Mimicry, 430. Millipeds, 226. Mite, cheese, *230. Mites, 229. Modifications of structure and function, 29. Moles, 391. Mollusca, 239. Molluscs, 239; classification of, 246; development of, 246; form and structure of, 245. Molting, 361; of birds, 361. Monitor, 318. Monkey, *400. Momomerium minutum, *224. Monster, Gila, *317. Moose, *385, 396. Morphology, defined, 3. Mosquito, 202, *203. Mosquitoes, 201; and malaria, 205; and yellow fever, 205. Moth, forest tent-caterpillar, life-history of, *207. Moths, 205. Mourning dove, 351. Mouse, life-history and habits of, 379; structure of, 373. Mud-eel, 297. Mud-hen, 349. Mud-puppies, 297. Mud-turtle, 313. Multiplication of one-celled animals, 59; of many-celled animals, 61. Murres, *344. Muscles of toad, structure of, 41. Mus decumanus, 391. Mus musculus, structure of, 373. Mus rattus, 391. Musk-rat, 391. Mussel, fresh-water, life-history and habits of, 243; structure of, 239. Mya arenaria, 247. Myotis subulatus, 392. Myriapoda, 144, 226. Mytilus californianus, *248. Myxine, 279. Names, scientific, 68. Narcobatis, 281. Natrix sipedon, 320. Nautilus, 255; pearly, 258. Nautilus pompilius, 258. Necturus, 297, 298. Nemathelminthes, 140. Neotoma pennsylvanica, 391. Nereid, *134. Nereis sp., *134. Nesting of birds, 366. Nest of oriole, *365. Nettion carolinense, 347. Night-hawk, 356. Night-heron, 348. Nirmus præstans, *194. Non-calcarea, 91. Notes, 447, 448. Notochord, 259. Notonecta, 197, 199. Nucleus, 38. Nudibranchs, 252, *254. Numenius longirostris, 350. Nyctea nyctea, 353. Nycticorax, 348. Octopi, 255. Octopods, 256. Odocoileus americanus, 396. Odonata, 194. Oligochætæ, 136. Olor, 347. Ommatostrephes californica, *257. Oncorhynchus tschawtscha, 283. One-celled animals, multiplication of, 57. Ooze, foraminifera, 81; radiolaria, 81. Opheosaurus ventralis, 317. Ophiuroidea, 121, 122. Opossum, 389. Order, defined, 72. Oreamnos montanus, 397. Organ, defined, 14. Orthoptera, 192; sound-making of, 193. Orb-web of Epeiridæ, 236. Ostrea virginiana, 248. Ostriches, 341, *342. Otocoris alpestris, *358. Ovis canadensis, *383, 396. Owl, burrowing, 353; great gray, 353; great horned, 353; snowy, 353. Oyster, 248. Oyster-crab, 154. Oyster-drills, 255. Oysters, 246; "seed" of, 249; "spat" of, 249. Pagurus samuelis, *153. Paludicolæ, 348. Panther, 398. Paramœcium, *35; multiplication of, 60; structure and life of, 34. Parasitism, 415. Paroquet, Carolina, 353. Parrots, 353. Passer domesticus, dissection of, (facing) *327; life-history and habits of, 335; structure of, 327. Passeres, 357. Pearl-oyster, *249. Pelecanus californicus, 346. Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, 346. Pelecanus fuscus, 346. Pelecypoda, 246. Pelican, brown, 346; white, 346. Pentacrinus sp., *126. Pentacta frondosa, *125. Peripatus eiseni, *226. Perla sp., *182. Petrels, 345. Petromyzon marinus, *278. Phalacrocorax, 346. Pheasants, 350. Phoca vitulina, 397. Phœbe, black, nest and eggs of, *340. Pholas sp., *250. Phrynosoma, 318. Phylloxera, grape, 198, 201. Phylloxera vastatrix, 198, 201. Phylum, defined, 73. Physalia sp., *97. Physeter macrocephalus, 393. Physiology, defined, 3. Pici, 354. Pickerel-frog, 300. Pigeon, band-tailed, 351; passenger, 351. Pinnotheres, 154. Pipe-fish, 285. Pisces, 263. Pituophis bellona, *323. Planaria sp., *138. Planarian, fresh-water, *138; marine, *138. Planarians, 137. Plant-lice, 197, 200. Planula, 96 Platyhelminthes, 137. Plectrophenax nivalis, *358. Plethodon, 297. Plover, field, 349. Pluteus, 119. Podilymbus podiceps, 343. Poison-fangs of rattlesnake, *324. Pollicipes polymenus, *153. Polymorphism, 96. Polynœ brevisetosa, *134. Polyps, 92, 97. Pomoxis annularis, 282. Pomoxis separoides, 282. Pond-snails, 252. Porcupine, 390. Porcupine-fish, 285. Porifera, 84. Porpoises, 393. Porzana carolina, 349. Prairie-chicken, 350. Prawns, 152. Preparations, preserving anatomical, 452. Primates, 398. Pristis pectinatis, 281. Protophyta, 82. Protoplasm, described, 39. Protopterus, 288. Protozoa, defined, 43, 75; form of, 78; marine, 80. Pseudemys, 313. Pseudogryphus californianus, 352. Psittaci, 353. Ptarmigan, 356. Puff-adder, 325. Puffins, 345. Pulex irritans, *204. Pulmonata, 253. Puma, 398. Pumpkin seed, life of, 270; structure of, 263. Pupa, 189; cross-section of body of, honey-bee, *191. Pupation, 189. Purpura saxicola, *248. Pygopodes, 343. Python, 324. Quail, 350. Querquedula discors, 347. Rabbits, 390. Radiolaria, 80. Rail, Carolina, 349. Raja erinacea, 280, *281. Raja lævis, 281. Rana catesbiana, 299. Rana palustris, 300. Rana sylvatica, 300. Rangifer caribou, 396. Raptores, 351. Ratitæ, 341. Rats, 391. Rattlesnake poison-fangs, *324. Rattlesnakes, 321. Rattles of rattlesnake, *223. Reefs, coral, 106. Reindeer, 396. Remora, *287. Remoropsis brachyptera, *287. Root-cage, 460. Reptiles, body form and organization of, 309; classification of, 312; life-history of, 312; structure of, 310. Reptilia, 303. Resemblance, protective, 326. Rheas, 343. Road-runner, 354. Robber-ant, 225. Robin, Western, *368. Rock-bass, 282. Rock-crab, *153. Rock-dove, 351. Rodents, 390. Rosalina varians, *81. Rotifer sp., *143. Round worms, 140. Ruminants, 395. Sacculina, 67, *418. Sage-hen, 350. Salamander, red-backed, 297; tiger, *292. Salamanders, 297. Salmo irideus, *283. Salmon, king, 284. Sand-dollar, 124. Sand-pipers, 345. Sanninoidea existiosa, *212. Sap-sucker, downy, 355; hairy, 355. Saw-fish, 281. Sayornis nigricans, nest and eggs of, *340. Scale insect, red-orange, *198. Scale insects, 198. Scale rose, *198. Scales of wings of Lycæna, *206; wing of Monarch butterfly, *174. Scallops, 246. Scalops aquaticus, 391. Scaphiopus, 300. Sceloporus, 317. Sciuropterus volans, 391. Sciurus carolinensis, 391. Sciurus hudsonicus, 391. Sciurus ludovicianus, 391. Scolopendra sp., 228, 229. Scorpion, *230. Scorpions, 229. Scotiaptex cinera, 353. Screech-owl, *352, 353. Scutigera forceps, *228. Scyphozoa, 97, 101. Sea anemones, 92, 102, *103. Sea cucumber, *125. Sea-cucumbers, 108, 121, 124. Sea-fan, 107. Sea-feather, 106. Sea-horse, *285. Sea-lamprey, 279. Sea-lily, 118. Sea-pen, 106. Sea-shells, 252. Sea-slugs, 255. Sea-snakes, 325. Sea-squirt, *261. Sea-turtles, 315. Sea-urchin, *114; structure of, 113. Sea-urchins, 108, 121, 123. Seals, 397. Selection, artificial, 409; natural, 406. Sembling of insects, 176. Sepias, 256. Setting-board for butterflies, *466, 467. Shark, basking, 270, 280; hammer-headed, 280; man-eating, 280. Sharks, 280. Shearwaters, 345. Sheep-fluke, 138. Sheep, Rocky Mt., *383, 397. Shipworm, 251. Shoveller, 347. Shrews, 391. Shrimp, 151, 152. Silk-worm, anatomy of, *178. Siphonophore, 98. Siren, 297, 298. Sistrurus, 322. Skate, barn-door, 281; common, 280, *281. Skates, 280. Skeleton of coral, 105. Skeletons, preparing, 452. Skink, blue tailed, *317. Skin of toad, structure of, 40. Slipper-animalcule, *35; structure and life of, 34. Slug, giant yellow, *252. Slugs, 252, 253. Snake coral, 321. Snake, garter, *320; life of, 307; structure of, 303; gopher, *322. Snake king, *321. Snakes, 316. Snails, 252, 253. Snapping-turtle, 314. Snipes, 349. Snowflakes, *358. Snow-goose, 347. Social life, 410. Somateria, 347. Songs of birds, 364. Sora, 349. Sound making of orthoptera, 193. Spadefoot, 300. Sparrow, English, dissection of, (facing), *327; life-history and habits of, 335; structure of, 327; western chipping, *360. Sparrow-hawk, 353. Spatula clypeata, 347. Species, defined, 69. Species-extinguishing, 442. Species-forming, 408, 442. Speotyto cunicularia, 353. Sphinx chersis larva, *431. Sphinx-moth, pen-marked, larva, *431 Sphyma, 280. Spicules, sponge, 85. Spider and web, *237. Spider, crab, *235; jumping, *235; long-legged, *233; running, *234; running with egg-sac, *234; triangle, and web, *238. Spider-crab, 154. Spiders, 229; hunting, 233; sedentary, 233; trap-door, 233; wandering 233; web weaving, 233. Spinnerets of spider, *233. Spizella socialis arizonæ, *360. Sponge, commercial, 86; fresh-water, 84; glass, *87; skeleton of, 88; structure of, 88. Sponges, 84; calcareous ocean, 85; classification of, 91; development and life-history of, 89; feeding habits of, 88; form and size of, 87; of commerce, 90. Spongin, 86. Spongilla sp., 84. Springtail, American, *181. Squamata, 312, 316. Squid, great, *257. Squids, 255, 257. Squirrels, 391. Starfish, *109; cross-section of, *112. Starfishes, 108, 121. Stentor sp., *79. Sterna, 345. Sterna maxima, 194. Sting-ray, 281. Stone-fly, *182. Strix pratincola, 353. Strongylocentrotus sp., structure of, 113. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, *115, 122; structure of, 115. Struggle for existence, 406. Struthio camelus, 342. Sub-species, 69. Suckers, 283. Sucking-bugs, 197. Sun animalcule, *78. Sunfish, dwarf, 271; golden, dissection of, (facing) *263; life of, 270; structure of, 263. Supplies, obtaining laboratory, 453. Swans, 347. Swarming of honey-bee, 219. Swell-fish, 285. Swift, common, 316. Sword-fish, 285. Symbiosis, 155, 413. Symmetry, bilateral, 5; radial, 108. Sympetrum illotum, *196. Syngnathus fuscum, 285. Tadpole, 55. Tadpoles, *296. Tænia solium, 139. Tapeworm, 139. Teal, blue-winged, 347; green-winged, 347. Teleostomi, 282. Tell-tale, 349. Teredo, 251. Tern, 194. Terns, 345. Terrapin, diamond-back, 314; red-bellied, 314; yellow-bellied, 314. Testudo sp., *315. Tetragnatha sp., *233. Thalarctos maritimus, 398. Thamnophis sp., life of, 307; structure of, 303. Thamnophis parietalis, *320. Theridiæ, 235. Therioplectes sp., cornea of compound eye of, *186. Thomisidæ, 235. Thrasher, sickle-billed, *371. Thrush, russet-backed, *363. Thymallus signifer, 284. Ticks, 229. Tiger-beetles, 209. Toad, cellular structure of, 40; development of, 55; garden, dissection of, 5; horned, 317; skeleton of, *11. Toads, 299, 300. Torpedo, 281. Tortoise, Galapagos giant, *315. Tortoises, 313. Tortoise-shell, 315. Totanus melanoleucus, 349. Trachea, *184. Tree-frogs, 300. Tree-toads, 300. Trepang, 124. Trichina, 140. Trichina spiralis, 141, *141. Trichinosis, 141. Triopha modesta, *254. Tripoli rock, 82. Triton, green, 297. Trochilus colubris, 356; nest and eggs of, *357. Trout, rainbow, *283. Tumble bugs, 209. Turdus ustulaius, *363. Turkeys, wild, 350. Turtle, green, 315; hawk-bill, 315; logger-head, 315. Turtle-dove, 351. Turtles, 313. Tympanuchus americanus, 350. Tyroglyphus siro, *230. Ungulata, 393. Unio sp., life-history and habits of, 243; structure of, 239. Uria troile californica, *344. Ursus americanus, 398. Ursus horribilis, 398. Varanus niloticus, 318. Variation, 406. Variety, 69. Venation of wings of insects, 174; of wings of Monarch butterfly, *175. Venus mercenaria, 247. Vermes, 127; life-history and habits of, 132; classification of, 135. Vertebrate, defined, 30; brains of, 376; eye of, *379. Vertebrates, 259; structure of, 259. Vespidæ, 217. Vinegar-eel, 140, *140. Viper, 324; blowing, 321. Vipera cerasta, 324. Vorticella sp., *76. Vorticella, structure and life of, 75. Vulpes pennsylvanicus, 398. Walking-stick, 193, 194. Wapiti, *394. Wasps, 212; digger, 217; solitary, 217. Water-beetle, predaceous, 210. Water-beetles, 206. Water-boatman, *199. Water-boatmen, 197. Water-flea, 148, *149. Water-dog, 298. Water-snake, 320. Water-strider, 197, 199, *199. Water tiger, 212, *214. Weevils, 209. Whalebone, 393. Whales, 393. Wheel-animalcule, *143. Whip-poor-will, 356. Whitefish, 284. Wild-cat, 398. Wings of Monarch butterfly showing venation, *175. Wolf, 398. Woodchuck, 391. Wood-duck, 347. Wood-frog, 300. Wood-lice, 150. Woodpecker, California, 356; ivory-billed, 355; red-headed, 355. Woodpeckers, 354. Wood-rat, 391. Worm, army, *211. Worms, 127; life-history and habits of, 133; classification of, 135; marine, *134. Xiphias gladius, 285. Yellow-hammer, *355. Yellow-jackets, 217. Yellow-shank, 349. Zenaidura macroura, 351. Zoogeography, 436. Zooids, 98. Zoology, a first course in, 3; defined, 3; divisions of, 2; systematic, defined, 3. Zoophytes, 92.

FOOTNOTES: