Illustrations

Fig. 1 - A DRY SOIL.

Fig. 2 - A WET SOIL.

Fig. 3 - A DRAINED SOIL.

Fig. 4 - MAP OF LAND, WITH SWAMPS, ROCKS, SPRINGS AND TREES. INTENDED TO REPRESENT A FIELD OF TEN ACRES BEFORE DRAINING.

Fig. 5 - MAP WITH 50-FOOT SQUARES, AND CONTOUR LINES.

Fig. 6 - LEVELLING INSTRUMENT.

Fig. 7 - LEVELLING ROD.

Fig. 8 - MAP WITH CONTOUR LINES.

Fig. 9 - WELL'S CLINOMETER.

Fig. 10 - STONE PIT TO CONNECT SPRING WITH DRAIN.

Fig. 11 - STONE AND TILE BASIN FOR SPRING WITH DRAIN.

Fig. 12 - LINE OF SATURATION BETWEEN DRAINS.

Fig. 13 - HORSE-SHOE TILE.

Fig. 14 - SOLE TILE.

Fig. 15 - DOUBLE-SOLE TILE.

Fig. 16 - ROUND TILE AND COLLAR, AND THE SAME AS LAID.

Fig. 19 - THREE PROFILES OF DRAINS, WITH DIFFERENT INCLINATIONS.

Fig. 20 - MAP WITH DRAINS AND CONTOUR LINES.

Fig. 21 - PROFILE OF DRAIN C.

Fig. 22 - SET OF TOOLS.

Fig. 23 - OUTLET, SECURED WITH MASONRY AND GRATING.

Fig. 24 - SILT-BASIN, BUILT TO THE SURFACE.

Fig. 25 - FINISHING SPADE.

Fig. 26 - FINISHING SCOOP.

Fig. 27 - BRACING THE SIDES IN SOFT LAND.

Fig. 28 - MEASURING STAFF.

Fig. 29 - BONING ROD.

Fig. 30 - POSITION OF WORKMAN AND USE OF FINISHING SCOOP.

Fig. 31 - SIGHTING BY THE BONING-RODS.

Fig. 32 - PICK FOR DRESSING AND PREFORATING TILE.

Fig. 33 - LATERAL DRAIN ENTERING AT TOP.

Fig. 34 - SECTIONAL VIEW OF JOINT.

Fig. 35 - SQUARE BRICK SILT-BASIN.

Fig. 36 - SILT-BASIN OF VITRIFIED PIPE.

Fig. 37 - TILE SILT-BASIN.

Fig. 38 - MAUL FOR RAMMING.

Fig. 39 - BOARD SCRAPER FOR FILLING DITCHES.

Fig. 40 - CROSS-SECTION OF DITCH (FILLED), WITH FURROW AT EACH SIDE.

Fig. 41 - FOOT PICK.

Fig. 42 - PUG-MILL.

Fig. 43 - PLATE OF DIES.

Fig. 44 - CHEAP WOODEN MACHINE.

Fig. 45 - MANDRIL FOR CARRYING TILES FROM MACHINE.

Fig. 46 - CLAY-KILN.

Fig. 47 - DYKE AND DITCH.

Fig. 48 - OLD STYLE HOUSE DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE.

Fig. 49 - MODERN HOUSE DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE.