MASTERS OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Reading edition
Byzas of Megara founded Byzantium about B. C. 658
Darius Hystaspes, King of Persia 515
Pausanias of Sparta 478
First Athenian (Delian) League 477
Sparta 440
Alcibiades of Athens 408
Lysander of Sparta 405
Spartan League 404
Thrasybulus of Athens 390
Second Athenian League 378
League of Byzantium, Caria, Chios, Cos, and Rhodes 357
Alexander the Great 334
Rome 196
The Free City of Byzantium 64
Septimius Severus destroyed Byzantium and renamed it Augusta Antonina A. D. 196
Constantine the Great 323
Dedicated New Rome 330
Constantius II 337
Julian the Apostate 361
Jovian 363
Valens 364
Theodosius I, the Great 378
Arcadius 395
Theodosius II 408
Marcian 450
Leo I 457
Leo II 474
Zeno 474
Anastasius I 491
Justin I 518
Justinian I, the Great 527
Justin II 565
Tiberius 578
Maurice 582
Phocas 602
Heraclius 610
Heraclius Constantine III and Heracleonas 641
Constans II 642
Constantine IV 668
Justinian II 685
Leontius 695
Tiberius III 697
Justinian II (restored) 705
Philippicus 711
Anastasius II 713
Theodosius III 715
Leo III, the Isaurian 717
Constantine V Copronymus 740
Leo IV 775
Constantine VI 779
Irene 797
Nicephorus I 802
Stauracius 811
Michael I Rhangabe 811
Leo V, the Armenian 813
Michael II, the Amorian 820
Theophilus 829
Michael III 842
Basil I, the Macedonian 867
Leo VI, the Wise 886
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 912
Co-emperors:
Alexander 912-913
Romanus I Lecapenus 991-945
Constantine VIII and Stephanus reigned five weeks in 944
Romanus II 958
Basil II, the Slayer of the Bulgarians 963
Co-emperors:
Nicephorus II Phocas 965-969
John I Zimisces 969-976
Constantine IX 976-1025
Constantine IX (sole emperor) 1025
Romanus III Argyrus 1028
Michael IV 1034
Michael V 1042
Theodora and Zoe 1042
Constantine X Monomachus 1042
Theodora (restored) 1054
Michael VI Stratioticus 1056
Isaac I Comnenus 1057
Constantine XI Ducas 1059
Michael VII Ducas and Romanus IV Diogenes 1067
Nicephorus III Botoniates 1078
Alexius I Comnenus 1081
John II Comnenus 1118
Manuel I Comnenus 1143
Alexius II Comnenus 1180
Andronicus I Comnenus 1183
Isaac II Angelus 1185
Alexius III Angelus 1195
Isaac II Angelus (restored) and Alexius IV Angelus 1203
Nicholas Canabus 1204
Alexius V Ducas, Murtzuphlus 1204
Baldwin I (Count of Flanders) 1204
Henry 1205
Peter 1217
Robert 1219
John of Brienne 1228
Baldwin II 1237
Michael VIII Palæologus (fifth emperor of Nicæa; succeeded 1260) 1261
Andronicus II Palæologus 1282
Co-emperor: Michael IX 1295-1320
Andronicus III Palæologus 1328
John V Palæologus 1341
Co-emperor: John VI Cantacuzene 1341-1355
Manuel II Palæologus 1391
John VII Palæologus 1425
Constantine XII Palæologus 1448
Mehmed II, the Conqueror (seventh Ottoman sultan; succeeded 1451) 1453
Baïezid II 1481
Selim I 1512
Süleïman I, the Magnificent 1520
Selim II 1566
Mourad III 1574
Mehmed III 1595
Ahmed I 1603
Moustafa I 1617
Osman II 1618
Moustafa I (restored) 1622
Mourad IV 1623
Ibrahim 1640
Mehmed IV 1649
Süleïman II 1687
Ahmed II 1691
Moustafa II 1695
Ahmed III 1703
Mahmoud I 1730
Osman III 1754
Moustafa III 1757
Abd ül Hamid I 1774
Selim III 1788
Moustafa IV 1807
Mahmoud II, the Reformer 1808
Abd ül Mejid 1839
Abd ül Aziz 1861
Mourad V 1876
Abd ül Hamid II 1876
Mehmed V 1909