ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Rocky Shore at Low-water Frontispiece

The Sandy Shore at Low-water facing 11

Foraminifera 22

Polycistin 23

Sponges 29

Section through Crumb-of-Bread Sponge 32

Grantia compressa 35

Grantia ciliata 35

Sea Oak Coralline 39

Calycles of Sertularia enlarged 39

Plumularia pinnata 43

Plumularian, portion enlarged 43

Haliclystus 45

Sea-Mat (Flustra) 46

Larvæ of Aurelia 53

Marigold (Aurelia aurita) 54

Portuguese Man o’ War 56

Tube-mouthed Sarsia 57

Forbes’ Æquorea 58

Beröe and Young 61

Beadlet 65

Snowy Anemone 68

Rosy Anemone 68

Orange-disk Anemone 69

Opelet 73

Dahlia Wartlet 81

Sun Star 91

Purple-tipped Urchin 93

Feather-star 93

Starlet 93

Granulate Brittle-star 95

Sipunculus 103

Sea-cucumber 103

Trumpet Sabella 109

Brush Sabella 109

Common Sabella 109

Scarlet Serpula 113

Pearly Nereis 118

Rainbow Leaf-worm 119

Banded Flat-worm 125

Long Worm 125

Zebedee (Xantho incisus) 137

Hairy-crab 138

Velvet Fiddler 140

The Hermit-crab and the Cloaklet Anemone 145

Scaly Squat-lobster 148

Broad-claw 148

Prickly Spider-crab 152

The Masked-crab (male) 153

Nut-crab 157

Angular-crab 157

The Prawn 163

Common Shrimp 167

Sea Slater 173

Ship-barnacle 177

Pyrgoma 183

Scalpellum 183

Porcate barnacle 183

Acorn-shell 183

Spiny Cockle 186

Banded Venus 186

Smooth Venus 191

Rayed Artemis 192

Cross-cut Carpet-shell 193

Common Scallops 195

Scallop hung up 196

Comb-shell 198

Rayed Trough-shell 199

Red-nosed Borer 203

Piddock 203

Limpets 208

Purples 208

Smooth Limpet 211

Smooth Limpet, thick variety 211

Netted Dog-whelk 213

Red Whelk 214

Cowry 215

Horn-shell 218

Pelican’s-foot 220

The Common Top 221

Violet-shell 222

Raft of Violet-shell 222

Slit Limpet 223

Hungarian Cap 224

Tusk-shell 224

Smooth Mail-shell 225

Sea Lemon 226

Crowned Eolis 228

Sea-hare 229

Sea-hare, front view 230

Octopus 232

Sepia 234

Squid (loligo) 235

Ascidia virginea 237

Cynthia quadrangularis 237

Diagrammatic section of an Ascidian 238

Orange-spotted Squirt (Cynthia aggregata) 239

Ascidia mentula 240

Currant-squirter (Styela grossularia) 240

Clavelina 241

Salpa maxima 242

Part of a chain of Salpæ 242

Botryllus 243

Botryllus violaceus 244

Larva of a Tunicate 245

Shanny 247

Father Lasher 251

Worm Pipe-fish 251

Little Goby 257

Butterfly Blenny 257

Corkwing Wrasse 259

Gunnel 264

Three-bearded Rockling 266

Fifteen-spined Stickleback 267

Lesser Weever 267

Two-spotted Sucker 271

Montagu’s Sucker 273

Topknot 274

Lesser Launce or Sand-eel 275

Shag 279

Solan Goose 281

Oyster Catcher 281

Razorbill 285

Puffin 285

Channelled Wrack 289

Bladder Wrack 291

Saw-edged Wrack 291

Pod-weed 292

Peacock’s Tail 296

Chondrus crispus 299

Ash-leaved Seaweed 300

THE SANDY SHORE AT LOW-WATER.

From photo by the Author.