NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGY
Reading edition
It is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.
For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.
The following lists are short collections of such words.
WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOG
B
Baboy.—Pig
Baga.—Red-hot
Bagá.—as, like
Baga.—Lung
Bagon.—To raise
Bantay.—Watch
Bantilis.—A kind of rock
Basa.—To read
Bata.—Child
Bató.—Stone
Bawi.—To recover
Bayabas.—Guava
Bayad.—Pay
Bayáw.—Brother-in-law
Boká.—Open, untied
Bokás.—Open
Bokó.—Knot
Bohók.—Hair
Bog̃a.—Fruit
K
Kabig.—Pull
Kahoy.—Tree, timber, wood
Kawayan.—Bamboo
Kilala.—To know
Koha.—Take
Kólag̃.—Insufficient
Kota.—Wall
D
Dagat.—Sea
Dahon.—Leave
Dalí.—Quick
Dila.—Tongue
Dogó.—Blood
I
Ibabaw.—Over
Ikaw.—Thou, you
Init.—Heat
Inóm.—Drink
H
Habagat.—West
Hagdan.—Staircase
Hayop.— Animal
Hiláw.—Unripe
Hínay.—Slow
Hinog.—Ripe
Hógas.—Wash
L
Labis.—Excess
Lakbay.—Go over
Lag̃aw.—Fly
Lag̃it.—Heaven, sky
Lalaki.—Male
Laway.—Saliva
Likod.—Back
Limá.—Five
Liwanag.—Clearness
Lokso.—Jump
Lohá.—Tear
Lorâ.—Spit
Lotò.—Cooked
M
Manók.—Chicken
Matá.—Eye
Matambók.—Fat
May.—There is, etc.
Maya.—A kind of bird
N
Nipá.—Nipá
Nipis.—Thinness
Nosuos.—To rub
O
Ogát.—Vein, nerve
Olo.—Head
Oo.—Yes
Opa.—Payment
Otag.—Debt
Owák.—Raven
Owáy.—Vine
P
Pakpak.—Applause with palms
Pait.—Bitterness
Palad.—Palm of the hand
Patay.—Kill
Pati.—Also, with
Patog̃.—To place over
Payog̃.—Umbrella
Paypay.—Fan
Pili.—A tree so called
Pili.—To select
Pingan.—Plate
Pitó.—Seven
Pokpok.—To beat
Pola.—Red
Posod.—Navel
S
Sa.—To, at, from, on, etc.
Sabaw.—Broth
Sakay.—To embark
Sakit.—Sickness
Sagig̃.—Banana
Saló.—Receive
Saway.—To correct
Sawsaw.—To wash
Siko.—Elbow
Sig̃ba.—To adore
Sili.—Pepper
Siyá.—He, she
Siyam.—Nine
Soka.—To vomit
Sog̃ay.—Horn
Solog̃.—Forward
Sonod.—Follow
Sonog.—Fire
T
Táas.—Height
Tabas.—To cut
Tadtad.—To prick
Tag̃is.—To weep
Tahí.—To sew
Timog.—South
Tiyán.—Belly
Tobâ.—A wine
Tobig.—Water
Tobó.—Sugar cane
Tobò.—Profit, to grow
Tohod.—Knee
Tohog.—To string
Tonóg.—Sound
Twad.—To face dawnwards
W
Waló.—Eight
WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCES
Differences in the vowels i, o.
BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH
Akon Akin my, mine
Amon Amin our
Aslom Asim acidity
Aton Atin our
Atóp Atíp roof
Bitóon Bitúin star
Bokog Bikig fish-bone, bone
Bogás Bigas rice
Bog-at Bigat weight
Bolad Bilad to sun
Bog̃ol Big̃í deaf
Kan-on Kanin cooked rice
Kaon Kain to eat
Katol Katí to itch, itching
Dámò Dami amount, much
Datóg̃ Datig̃ to arrive
Dokót Dikit to adhere, adhered
Dolóm Dilim dark
Gorót Gilit slice
Hábol Habi to weave
Harok Halik kiss, to kiss
Hatod Hatid to accompany
Horám Hiram to borrow
Iuomon Inumin potable water
Itom Itim black
Liog Liig neck
Pawod Pawid weaved nipa
Salóg Sahig floor
Sandig Sandal to lean
Takóp Takíp cover
Tanom Tanim plantation
Taróm Talim edge of a sword, etc.
Tindok Tundok a kind of banana
Tindog Tindig to stand
Tonok Tiník thorn
Differences in k, h, l, r, d, t.
BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH
Adlaw Araw Sun, day
Aram Alam Wisdom
Badò Barò Chemise
Balay Bahay House
Balo Bao Widow, widower
Balon Baon Provision
Barahibo Balahibo Feather, dawn
Bari Bali To break
Bolan Bwan Moon, month
Kagód Káyud To scrath
Kalot Kámot To scratch
Kamó Kayó You
Koló Kukú Nail
Dalan Daan Path, road
Daraga Dalaga Young girl
Digò Ligò To bath
Dirì Hindì Not
Hadì Harì King
Halabà Mahaba Long
Halarom Malalim Deep
Harayò Malayò Far
Higdà Higà To lay down
Iróg Ilog̃ Nose
Lakát Lakad To walk
Lawod Láot Ocean
Mahínis Malinis Clean
Namok Lamok Mosquito
Napolo Sampù Ten
Parabol Palaboy Favor, grace
Pirit Pilit To force
Poro Pulò Island
Roag̃ Lwag̃ Broad
Salod Sahod To receive
Sarapati Kalapati Pigeon
Sarowal Salawal Pants
Sira Sila They
Sirag̃ Silag To appear
Sirog̃ Silog̃ Beneath
Sodlay Suklay Comb
Sorat Sulat Letter
Sorok Sulok Corner
Talig̃a Taig̃a Ear
Tarog̃ Talog̃ A plant
Torò Tulò Drop
Torog Tulog To sleep
Toktok Togtog To sound, to play
Differences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.
BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH
Bálik Balík to come back
Kohà Kuha to take
Gaód Gáod oar
Hipág Hípag sister-in-law
Laón Láon old, ancient
Sábay Sabáy simultaneous
Tawá Táwa laugh
Kab-it Kabít connected
Kam-aw Kamao a dish
Kan-on Kanin cooked rice
Koan Kwán so and so
Gab-i Gabí evening, night
Sab-a Sabá a kind of banana
Sab-it Sabit to hook
Tan-aw Tanaw to look
Tig-a Tigás hardness
Tul-id Twid straight
Transformation from a to o, and viceversa.
Alapoop Alapaap cloud, fog
Kamót Kamay hand
Doha Dalawá two
Habobò Mababà low
Sokól Sukat measure
Toló Tatlo three
Onóm Anim six
Opat Apat four
Otok Utak brain