Birds of Britain
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1. Front matter2. PREFACE3. Introductory material4. THE MISSEL THRUSH Turdus viscivorus, Linnæus5. THE SONG THRUSH Turdus musicus, Linnæus6. THE REDWING Turdus iliacus, Linnæus7. THE FIELDFARE Turdus pilaris, Linnæus8. THE BLACK-THROATED THRUSH Turdus atrigularis, Temminck9. WHITE’S THRUSH Turdus varius, Pallas10. THE BLACKBIRD Turdus merula, Linnæus11. THE DUSKY THRUSH Turdus dubius, Bechstein12. THE RING OUZEL Turdus torquatus (Linnæus)13. THE ROCK THRUSH Monticola saxatilis (Linnæus)14. THE WHEATEAR Saxicola œnanthe (Linnæus)15. THE ISABELLINE WHEATEAR Saxicola isabellina, Rüppell16. THE BLACK-EARED WHEATEAR Saxicola stapazina (Linnæus) nec Vieillot17. THE BLACK-THROATED WHEATEAR Saxicola occidentalis, Salvadori18. THE DESERT WHEATEAR Saxicola deserti, Rüppell19. THE WHINCHAT Pratincola rubetra (Linnæus)20. THE STONECHAT Pratincola rubicola (Linnæus)21. THE SIBERIAN STONECHAT Pratincola maura, Pallas22. THE REDSTART Ruticilla phœnicurus (Linnæus)23. THE BLACK REDSTART Ruticilla titys (Scopoli)24. THE BLUETHROAT Cyanecula suecica (Linnæus)25. THE ROBIN Erithacus rubecula (Linnæus)26. THE NIGHTINGALE Daulias luscinia (Linnæus)27. THE WHITETHROAT Sylvia cinerea, Bechstein28. THE LESSER WHITETHROAT Sylvia curruca (Linnæus)29. THE ORPHÆN WARBLER Sylvia orphea, Temminck30. THE SARDINIAN WARBLER Sylvia melanocephala, Gmelin31. THE BLACKCAP Sylvia atricapilla (Linnæus)32. THE GARDEN WARBLER Sylvia hortensis, Bechstein33. THE BARRED WARBLER Sylvia nisoria, Bechstein34. THE SUB-ALPINE WARBLER Sylvia subalpina, Bonelli35. THE DARTFORD WARBLER Sylvia undata (Boddært)36. THE GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN Regulus cristatus, K. L. Koch37. THE FIRECREST Regulus ignicapillus (C. L. Brehm)38. THE YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER Phylloscopus superciliosus (J. F. Gmelin)39. PALLAS’ WILLOW WARBLER Phylloscopus proregulus (Pallas)40. THE GREENISH WILLOW WARBLER Phylloscopus viridanus, Blyth41. THE CHIFFCHAFF Phylloscopus collybita, Vieillot42. THE SIBERIAN CHIFFCHAFF Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth43. THE WILLOW WREN Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnæus)44. THE WOOD WREN Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechstein)45. THE RUFOUS WARBLER Aedon galactodes (Temminck)46. RADDE’S BUSH WARBLER Lusciniola schwarzi (Radde)47. CETTI’S WARBLER Cettia cettii, Marmora48. THE ICTERINE WARBLER Hypolais icterina (Vieillot)49. THE MELODIOUS WARBLER Hypolais polyglotta (Vieillot)50. REED WARBLER Acrocephalus streperus (Vieillot)51. THE MARSH WARBLER Acrocephalus palustris (Bechstein)52. THE GREAT REED WARBLER Acrocephalus turdoides (Meyer)53. SEDGE WARBLER Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechstein)54. THE AQUATIC WARBLER Acrocephalus aquaticus (J. F. Gmelin)55. THE GRASSHOPPER WARBLER Locustella nævia (Boddært)56. SAVI’S WARBLER Locustella luscinioides (Savi)57. THE HEDGE ACCENTOR Accentor modularis (Linnæus)58. THE ALPINE ACCENTOR Accentor collaris (Scopoli)59. THE DIPPER Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein60. THE BEARDED REEDLING Panurus biarmicus (Linnæus)61. THE LONG-TAILED TIT Acredula caudata (Linnæus)62. THE GREAT TIT Parus major, Linnæus63. THE COAL TIT Parus ater, Linnæus64. THE MARSH TIT Parus palustris, Linnæus65. THE BLUE TIT Parus cœruleus, Linnæus66. THE CRESTED TIT Parus cristatus, Linnæus67. THE NUTHATCH Sitta cæsia, Wolf68. THE WREN Troglodytes parvulus, K. L. Koch69. THE TREE-CREEPER Certhia familiaris, Linnæus70. THE WALL-CREEPER Tichodroma muraria (Linnæus)71. THE PIED WAGTAIL Motacilla lugubris, Temminck72. WHITE WAGTAIL Motacilla alba, Linnæus73. GREY WAGTAIL Motacilla melanope, Pallas74. THE BLUE-HEADED WAGTAIL Motacilla flava, Linnæus75. THE YELLOW WAGTAIL Motacilla raii (Bonaparte)76. THE TREE PIPIT Anthus trivialis (Linnæus)77. THE MEADOW PIPIT Anthus pratensis (Linnæus)78. THE RED-THROATED PIPIT Anthus cervinus (Pallas)79. THE TAWNY PIPIT Anthus campestris (Linnæus)80. RICHARD’S PIPIT Anthus richardi, Vieillot81. THE WATER PIPIT Anthus spipoletta (Linnæus)82. THE ROCK PIPIT Anthus obscurus (Latham)83. THE GOLDEN ORIOLE Oriolus galbula, Linnæus84. THE GREAT GREY SHRIKE Lanius excubitor, Linnæus85. THE LESSER GREY SHRIKE Lanius minor, J. F. Gmelin86. THE RED-BACKED SHRIKE Lanius collurio, Linnæus87. THE WOODCHAT Lanius pomeranus, Sparrman88. THE MASKED SHRIKE Lanius nubicus, Licht.89. THE WAXWING Ampelis garrulus, Linnæus90. THE SPOTTED FLYCATCHER Muscicapa grisola, Linnæus91. THE PIED FLYCATCHER Muscicapa atricapilla, Linnæus92. THE RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER Muscicapa parva, Bechstein93. THE SWALLOW Hirundo rustica, Linnæus94. RED-RUMPED SWALLOW Hirundo rufula, Temminck.95. THE HOUSE-MARTIN Chelidon urbica (Linnæus)96. THE SAND-MARTIN Cotile riparia (Linnæus)97. THE GREENFINCH Ligurinus chloris (Linnæus)98. THE HAWFINCH Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas99. THE GOLDFINCH Carduelis elegans, Stephens100. THE SISKIN Carduelis spinus (Linnæus)101. THE CITRIL FINCH Chrysomitris citrinella (Linnæus)102. THE SERIN Serinus hortulanus, K. L. Koch103. THE HOUSE-SPARROW Passer domesticus (Linnæus)104. TREE-SPARROW Passer montanus (Linnæus)105. THE CHAFFINCH Fringilla cœlebs, Linnæus106. THE BRAMBLING Fringilla montifringilla, Linnæus107. THE SNOW-FINCH Montifringilla nivalis, Linnæus108. THE LINNET Linota cannabina (Linnæus)109. THE MEALY REDPOLL Linota linaria (Linnæus)110. THE LESSER REDPOLL Linota rufescens (Vieillot)111. THE TWITE Linota flavirostris (Linnæus)112. THE BULLFINCH Pyrrhula europæa, Vieillot113. THE SCARLET GROSBEAK Pyrrhula erythina (Pallas)114. THE PINE GROSBEAK Pyrrhula enucleator (Linnæus)115. THE CROSSBILL Loxia curvirostra, Linnæus116. THE TWO-BARRED CROSSBILL Loxia bifasciata (C. L. Brehm)117. THE BLACK-HEADED BUNTING Emberiza melanocephala, Scopoli118. THE CORN BUNTING Emberiza miliaria, Linnæus119. THE YELLOW BUNTING Emberiza citrinella, Linnæus120. THE CIRL BUNTING Emberiza cirlus, Linnæus121. THE ORTOLAN BUNTING Emberiza hortulana, Linnæus122. THE MEADOW BUNTING Emberiza cia, Linnæus123. THE SIBERIAN MEADOW BUNTING Emberiza cloides, Brandt124. THE RUSTIC BUNTING Emberiza rustica, Pallas125. THE LITTLE BUNTING Emberiza pusilla, Pallas126. THE YELLOW-BREASTED BUNTING Emberiza aureola, Pallas127. REED BUNTING Emberiza schœniclus, Linnæus128. THE LAPLAND BUNTING Calcarius lapponicus (Linnæus)129. THE SNOW BUNTING Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnæus)130. THE STARLING Sturnus vulgaris, Linnæus131. THE ROSE-COLOURED PASTOR Pastor roseus (Linnæus)132. THE CHOUGH Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linnæus)133. THE NUTCRACKER Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnæus)134. THE JAY Garrulus glandarius (Linnæus)135. THE MAGPIE Pica rustica (Scopoli)136. THE JACKDAW Corvus monedula, Linnæus137. THE RAVEN Corvus corax, Linnæus138. THE CARRION CROW Corvus corone, Linnæus139. THE HOODED CROW Corvus cornix, Linnæus140. THE ROOK Corvus frugilegus, Linnæus141. THE SKYLARK Alauda arvensis, Linnæus142. THE WOOD LARK Alauda arborea, Linnæus143. THE CRESTED LARK Alauda cristata, Linnæus144. THE SHORT-TOED LARK Alauda brachydactyla, Leisler145. THE WHITE-WINGED LARK Alauda sibirica, J. F. Gmelin146. THE BLACK LARK Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (Forster)147. SHORE LARK Otocorys alpestris (Linnæus)148. THE SWIFT Cypselus apus (Linnæus)149. THE ALPINE SWIFT Cypselus melba, Linnæus150. THE NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus europæus (Linnæus)151. THE WRYNECK Iynx torquilla, Linnæus152. THE GREEN WOODPECKER Gecinus viridis (Linnæus)153. THE GREATER SPOTTED WOODPECKER Dendrocopus major (Linnæus)154. LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER Dendrocopus minor (Linnæus)155. THE KINGFISHER Alcedo ispida, Linnæus156. THE ROLLER Coracias garrulus, Linnæus157. THE BEE-EATER Merops apiaster, Linnæus158. HOOPOE Upupa epops, Linnæus159. THE CUCKOO Cuculus canorus, Linnæus160. THE GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO Coccystes glandarius (Linnæus)161. THE AMERICAN YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus americanus (Linnæus)162. THE BARN OWL Strix flammea, Linnæus163. THE LONG-EARED OWL Asio otus (Linnæus)164. THE SHORT-EARED OWL Asio accipitrinus (Pallas)165. TAWNY OWL Syrnium aluco (Linnæus)166. TENGMALM’S OWL Nyctala tengmalmi (J. F. Gmelin)167. THE LITTLE OWL Athene noctua (Scopoli)168. THE SNOWY OWL Nyctea scandiaca (Linnæus)169. THE HAWK OWL Surnia funerea (Linnæus)170. THE SCOPS OWL Scops giu (Scopoli)171. THE EAGLE OWL Bubo ignavus, T. Forster172. THE GRIFFON VULTURE Gyps fulvus (J. F. Gmelin)173. THE EGYPTIAN VULTURE Neophron percnopterus (Linnæus)174. THE MARSH HARRIER Circus æruginosus (Linnæus)175. THE HEN HARRIER Circus cyaneus (Linnæus)176. MONTAGU’S HARRIER Circus cineraceus (Montagu)177. THE COMMON BUZZARD Buteo vulgaris, Leach178. THE ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD Buteo lagopus (J. F. Gmelin)179. THE SPOTTED EAGLE Aquila maculata (J. F. Gmelin)180. THE GOLDEN EAGLE Aquila chrysaetus (Linnæus)181. THE WHITE-TAILED EAGLE Haliaetus albicilla (Linnæus)182. THE GOSHAWK Astur palumbarius (Linnæus)183. THE SPARROW-HAWK Accipiter nisus (Linnæus)184. THE KITE Milvus ictinus, Savigny185. THE BLACK KITE Milvus migrans (Boddaert)186. THE HONEY BUZZARD Pernis apivorus (Linnæus)187. THE GREENLAND FALCON Falco candicans, J. F. Gmelin188. THE ICELAND FALCON Falco islandus, J. F. Gmelin189. THE GYR FALCON Falco gyrfalco, Linnæus190. THE PEREGRINE Falco peregrinus, Tunstall191. THE HOBBY Falco subbuteo, Linnæus192. THE MERLIN Falco æsalon, Tunstall193. THE RED-FOOTED FALCON Falco vespertinus, Linnæus194. KESTREL Falco tinnunculus, Linnæus195. THE LESSER KESTREL Falco cenchris, Naumann196. THE OSPREY Pandion haliaëtus (Linnæus)197. THE CORMORANT Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnæus)198. THE SHAG Phalacrocorax graculus, Linnæus199. THE GANNET Sula bassana (Linnæus)200. THE COMMON HERON Ardea cinerea, Linnæus201. THE PURPLE HERON Ardea purpurea, Linnæus202. THE GREAT WHITE HERON Ardea alba, Linnæus203. THE LITTLE EGRET Ardea garzetta, Linnæus204. THE BUFF-BACKED HERON Ardea bubulcus, Audouin205. THE SQUACCO HERON Ardea ralloides, Scopoli206. THE NIGHT HERON Nycticorax griseus (Linnæus)207. THE LITTLE BITTERN Ardetta minuta (Linnæus)208. THE COMMON BITTERN Botaurus stellaris (Linnæus)209. THE AMERICAN BITTERN Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu)210. THE WHITE STORK Ciconia alba, Bechstein211. THE BLACK STORK Ciconia nigra (Linnæus)212. THE GLOSSY IBIS Plegadis falcinellus (Linnæus)213. THE SPOONBILL Platalea leucorodia, Linnæus214. THE FLAMINGO Phœnicopterus roseus, Pallas215. THE GREY LAG GOOSE Anser cinereus, Meyer216. THE WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE Anser albifrons (Scopoli)217. THE BEAN GOOSE Anser segetum (J. F. Gmelin)218. THE PINK-FOOTED GOOSE Anser brachyrhynchus, Baillon219. THE SNOW GOOSE Chen hyperboreus (Pallas)220. THE RED-BREASTED GOOSE Bernicla ruficollis (Pallas)221. THE BERNACLE GOOSE Bernicla leucopsis (Bechstein)222. THE BRENT GOOSE Bernicla brenta (Pallas)223. THE WHOOPER SWAN Cygnus musicus, Bechstein224. BEWICK’S SWAN Cygnus bewicki, Yarrell225. THE MUTE SWAN Cygnus olor (J. F. Gmelin)226. THE COMMON SHELD-DUCK Tadorna cornata (S. G. Gmelin)227. THE RUDDY SHELD-DUCK Tadorna casarca (Linnæus)228. THE MALLARD OR WILD DUCK Anas boschas, Linnæus229. THE GADWALL Anas strepera, Linnæus230. THE SHOVELLER Spatula clypeata (Linnæus)231. THE PINTAIL Dafila acuta (Linnæus)232. THE TEAL Nettion crecca (Linnæus)233. THE AMERICAN GREEN-WINGED TEAL Nettion carolinense (J. F. Gmelin)234. THE BLUE-WINGED TEAL Querquedula discors (Linnæus)235. THE GARGANEY Querquedula circia (Linnæus)236. THE WIGEON Mareca penelope (Linnæus)237. THE AMERICAN WIGEON Mareca americana (J. F. Gmelin)238. THE RED-CRESTED POCHARD Netta rufina (Pallas)239. THE COMMON POCHARD Fuligula ferina (Linnæus)240. THE FERRUGINOUS DUCK Fuligula nyroca (Güldenstädt)241. THE TUFTED DUCK Fuligula cristata (Leach)242. THE SCAUP DUCK Fuligula marila (Linnæus)243. THE GOLDEN-EYE DUCK Clangula glaucion (Linnæus)244. THE BUFFEL-HEADED DUCK Clangula albeola (Linnæus)245. THE LONG-TAILED DUCK Harelda glacialis (Linnæus)246. THE HARLEQUIN DUCK Cosmonetta histrionica (Linnæus)247. THE EIDER DUCK Somateria mollissima (Linnæus)248. THE KING EIDER Somateria spectabilis (Linnæus)249. STELLER’S EIDER Somateria stelleri (Pallas)250. THE COMMON SCOTER Œdemia nigra (Linnæus)251. THE VELVET SCOTER Œdemia fusca (Linnæus)252. THE SURF SCOTER Œdemia perspicillata (Linnæus)253. THE GOOSANDER Mergus merganser, Linnæus254. THE RED-BREASTED MERGANSER Mergus serrator, Linnæus255. THE SMEW Mergus albellus, Linnæus256. THE HOODED MERGANSER Mergus cucullatus, Linnæus257. THE WOOD PIGEON Columba palumbus, Linnæus258. THE STOCK DOVE Columba œnas, Linnæus259. THE ROCK DOVE Columba livia, J. F. Gmelin260. THE TURTLE DOVE Turtur communis, Selby261. PALLAS’ SAND GROUSE Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas)262. THE CAPERCAILLIE Tetrao urogallus, Linnæus263. THE BLACK GROUSE Tetrao tetrix, Linnæus264. THE RED GROUSE Lagopus scoticus (Latham)265. THE PTARMIGAN Lagopus mutus (Montin)266. THE PHEASANT Phasianus colchicus (Linnæus)267. THE PARTRIDGE Perdrix cinerea, Latham268. THE RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGE Caccabis rufa (Linnæus)269. THE QUAIL Coturnix communis, Bonnaterre270. THE LAND-RAIL Crex pratensis, Bechstein271. THE SPOTTED CRAKE Porzana maruetta (Leach)272. THE LITTLE CRAKE Porzana parva, Scopoli273. BAILLON’S CRAKE Porzana bailloni (Vieillot)274. THE WATER-RAIL Rallus aquaticus, Linnæus275. THE MOOR-HEN Gallinula chloropus (Linnæus)276. THE COOT Fulica atra, Linnæus277. THE CRANE Grus communis, Bechstein278. THE GREAT BUSTARD Otis tarda, Linnæus279. THE LITTLE BUSTARD Otis tetrax, Linnæus280. MACQUEEN’S BUSTARD Otis macqueeni, J. E. Gray281. THE STONE-CURLEW Œdicnemus scolopax (S. G. Gmelin)282. THE PRATINCOLE Glareola pratincola (Linnæus)283. THE BLACK-WINGED PRATINCOLE Glareola melanoptera (Nordmann)284. THE CREAM-COLOURED COURSER Cursorius gallicus (J. F. Gmelin)285. THE DOTTEREL Eudromias morinellus (Linnæus)286. THE CASPIAN PLOVER Ægialitis asiatica (Pallas)287. RINGED PLOVER Ægialitis hiaticola (Linnæus)288. THE LITTLE RINGED PLOVER Ægialitis curonica (J. F. Gmelin)289. THE KENTISH PLOVER Ægialitis cantiana (Latham)290. THE KILLDEER PLOVER Ægialitis vocifera (Linnæus)291. GOLDEN PLOVER Charadrius pluvialis, Linnæus292. THE LESSER GOLDEN PLOVER Charadrius dominicus, P. L. S. Müller293. GREY PLOVER Squatarola helvetica (Linnæus)294. THE SOCIABLE PLOVER Vanellus gregarius (Pallas)295. THE LAPWING Vanellus vulgaris, Bechstein296. THE TURNSTONE Strepsilas interpres (Linnæus)297. THE OYSTER-CATCHER Hæmatopus ostralegus, Linnæus298. THE AVOCET Recurvirostra avocetta, Linnæus299. THE BLACK-WINGED STILT Himantopus candidus, Bonnaterre300. GREY PHALAROPE Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnæus)301. THE RED-NECKED PHALAROPE Phalaropus hyperboreus (Linnæus)302. THE WOODCOCK Scolopax rusticula, Linnæus303. THE GREAT OR SOLITARY SNIPE Gallinago major (J. F. Gmelin)304. THE COMMON SNIPE Gallinago cœlestis (Frenzel)305. THE JACK SNIPE Gallinago gallinula, Linnæus306. THE BROAD-BILLED SANDPIPER Limicola platyrhyncha (Temminck)307. THE AMERICAN PECTORAL SANDPIPER Tringa maculata, Vieillot308. THE SIBERIAN PECTORAL SANDPIPER Tringa acuminata (Horsfield)309. BONAPARTE’S SANDPIPER Tringa fuscicollis, Vieillot310. THE DUNLIN Tringa alpina, Linnæus311. THE SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER Tringa pusilla, Linnæus312. BAIRD’S SANDPIPER Tringa bardi (Coues)313. THE LITTLE STINT Tringa minuta, Leisler314. THE AMERICAN STINT Tringa minutilla, Vieillot315. TEMMINCK’S STINT Tringa temmincki, Leisler316. THE CURLEW SANDPIPER Tringa subarquata (Güldenstädt)317. THE PURPLE SANDPIPER Tringa striata, Linnæus318. KNOT Tringa canutus, Linnæus319. THE SANDERLING Calidris arenaria (Linnæus)320. THE RUFF Machetes pugnax (Linnæus)321. THE BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER Tringites rufescens (Vieillot)322. BARTRAM’S SANDPIPER Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein)323. THE COMMON SANDPIPER Totanus hypoleucus (Linnæus)324. THE SPOTTED SANDPIPER Totanus macularius (Linnæus)325. THE WOOD SANDPIPER Totanus glareola (J. F. Gmelin)326. GREEN SANDPIPER Totanus ochropus (Linnæus)327. THE SOLITARY SANDPIPER Totanus solitarius (Wilson)328. THE YELLOWSHANK Totanus flavipes (J. F. Gmelin)329. THE GREATER YELLOWSHANK Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin)330. THE COMMON REDSHANK Totanus calidris (Linnæus)331. THE SPOTTED REDSHANK Totanus fuscus (Linnæus)332. GREENSHANK Totanus canescens (J. F. Gmelin)333. THE RED-BREASTED SNIPE Macrorhamphus griseus (J. F. Gmelin)334. THE BAR-TAILED GODWIT Limosa lapponica (Linnæus)335. THE BLACK-TAILED GODWIT Limosa belgica (J. F. Gmelin)336. THE CURLEW Numenius arquata (Linnæus)337. THE WHIMBREL Numenius pheopus (Linnæus)338. THE ESKIMO CURLEW Numenius borealis (J. F. Forster)339. THE BLACK TERN Hydrochelidon nigra (Linnæus)340. THE WHITE-WINGED BLACK TERN Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Schinz)341. THE WHISKERED TERN Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pallas)342. THE GULL-BILLED TERN Sterna anglica, Montagu343. THE CASPIAN TERN Sterna caspia, Pallas344. THE SANDWICH TERN Sterna cantiaca, J. F. Gmelin345. THE ROSEATE TERN Sterna dougalli, Montagu346. THE COMMON TERN Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann347. THE ARCTIC TERN Sterna macrura, Naumann348. THE LITTLE TERN Sterna minuta, Linnæus349. THE SOOTY TERN Sterna fuliginosa, J. F. Gmelin350. THE NODDY Anous stolidus (Linnæus)351. SABINE’S GULL Xema sabinii (Joseph Sabine)352. THE WEDGE-TAILED GULL Rhodostethia rosea, Macgillivray353. BONAPARTE’S GULL Larus philadelphia (Ordigny)354. THE LITTLE GULL Larus minutus, Pallas355. THE BLACK-HEADED GULL Larus ridibundus, Linnæus356. THE MEDITERRANEAN BLACK-HEADED GULL Larus melanocephalus, Natterer357. THE GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL Larus ichthyaëtus, Pallas358. COMMON GULL Larus canus, Linnæus359. THE HERRING GULL Larus argentatus, J. F. Gmelin360. THE LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL Larus fuscus, Linnæus361. THE GREATER BLACK-BACKED GULL Larus marinus, Linnæus362. THE GLAUCOUS GULL Larus glaucus, O. Fabricius363. THE ICELAND GULL Larus leucopterus, Faber364. THE KITTIWAKE GULL Rissa tridactyla (Linnæus)365. THE IVORY GULL Pagophila eburnea (Phipps)366. THE GREAT SKUA Megalestris catarrhactes (Linnæus)367. THE POMATORHINE SKUA Stercorarius pomatorhinus (Temminck)368. THE ARCTIC OR RICHARDSON’S SKUA Stercorarius crepidatus (J. F. Gmelin)369. THE LONG-TAILED OR BUFFOUS SKUA Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnæus)370. THE RAZORBILL Alca torda, Linnæus371. THE GREAT AUK Alca impennis, Linnæus372. THE COMMON GUILLEMOT Uria troile (Linnæus)373. BRÜNNICH’S GUILLEMOT Uria bruennichi, E. Sabine374. THE BLACK GUILLEMOT Uria grylle (Linnæus)375. THE LITTLE AUK Mergulus alle (Linnæus)376. PUFFIN Fratercula arctica (Linnæus)377. THE GREAT NORTHERN DIVER Colymbus glacialis, Linnæus378. THE WHITE-BILLED NORTHERN DIVER Colymbus adamsi, G. R. Grey379. THE BLACK-THROATED DIVER Colymbus arcticus, Linnæus380. THE RED-THROATED DIVER Colymbus septentrionalis, Linnæus381. THE GREAT CRESTED GREBE Podicipes cristatus (Linnæus)382. THE RED-NECKED GREBE Podicipes griseigena (Boddaert)383. THE SLAVONIAN OR HORNED GREBE Podicipes auritus (Linnæus)384. THE BLACK-NECKED OR EARED GREBE Podicipes nigricollis, C. L. Brehm385. THE LITTLE GREBE OR DABCHICK Podicipes fluviatilis (Tunstall)386. THE STORM PETREL Procellaria pelagica, Linnæus387. LEACH’S FORK-TAILED PETREL Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieillot)388. MADEIRAN FORK-TAILED PETREL Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt)389. WILSON’S PETREL Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl)390. THE FRIGATE PETREL Pelagodroma marina (Latham)391. THE GREAT SHEARWATER Puffinus gravis, O’Reilly392. THE SOOTY SHEARWATER Puffinus griseus (J. F. Gmelin)393. THE MEDITERRANEAN GREAT SHEARWATER Puffinus kuhli (Boie)394. THE MANX SHEARWATER Puffinus anglorum (Temminck)395. THE LITTLE DUSKY SHEARWATER Puffinus assimilis, Gould396. THE CAPPED PETREL Æstrelata hæsitata (Kuhl)397. THE COLLARED PETREL Æstrelata brevipes (Peale)398. BULWER’S PETREL Bulweria bulweri (Jardine and Selby)399. THE FULMAR Fulmarus glacialis (Linnæus)400. THE BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS Diomedea melanophrys, Boie401. INDEX402. Transcriber’s Notes