INDEX
Reading edition
Abscess formation, 296-301
Acetous fermentation, 115, 127
Actinomycosis, 316
Aërobic organisms, 26
Agar, 21
Air, bacteriology of, 96-110
— examination of, 96-99
— of sewers, 105
— expired, 102
— bacteria and gravity, 106
— standard of bacteria in, 108
— pathogenic bacteria in, 109
— passages, bacteria in, 103
Alcohol, formation of, 115
Alcoholic fermentation, 115, 117
Alexines, 249, 268
Alformant lamp for disinfection, 334
Algæ in water, 53
Ammoniacal fermentation, 115
Amylolytic ferments, 115
Anaërobic organisms, 132
— methods of culture, 139-142
— in hydrogen, 139, 140
— in glucose-agar, 142
— in Fränkel's tube, 140
— in Buchner's tube, 141
Aniline dyes, 44
Antagonism of organisms, 33
Anthrax, 19, 26, 30, 34, 245
— pathology of, 301
— spores of, 302
— bacillus of, 302
Antiseptics, 323, 332
— definition of, 322
— some of the chief, 332
Antitoxins, 245-250
— preparation of, 259
— use of, 263
— unit of, 263
Appendix, 337
Arthrospores, 17
Artificial purification of water, 73
Ascospores, 120
Asiatic cholera, 65
Association of organisms, 31
Attenuation of virulence, 36
Bacillus, definition of, 11
— aceti, 34, 129
— acidi lactici, 131, 185, 190
— amylobacter, 132
— anthracis, 26, 31, 34, 110, 301-305
— aquatilis, 53
— butyricus, 133
— coli communis, 32, 56, 58-62, 64, 67, 86, 88, 108, 151, 194, 237, 299, 315
— cyanogenus, 193
— diphtheriæ, 201, 212, 244, 289-296
— enteriditis sporogenes, 60, 86, 87, 316
— erythrosporus, 53
— fluorescens liquefaciens, 43, 53, 64, 86
— fluorescens non-liquefaciens, 53, 15
— of cholera, 65-69
— of diarrhœa, 203, 204
— of influenza, 315
— lactis erythrogenes, 193
— lactis pituitosi, 193
— lactis viscosus, 193
— liquefaciens, 53, 151
— of leprosy, 308-313
— of glanders (mallei), 299, 319
— mesentericus, 86, 151
— mycoides, 151
— of malignant œdema, 19, 172
— No. 41, 219
— pasteurianum, 130
— of scarlet fever, 202
— of symptomatic anthrax, 19, 171, 172
— of plague, 306-308
Bacillus prodigiosus, 34, 151, 193, 238
— pyocyaneus, 7, 34, 64, 110, 299
— pyogenes fœtidus, 34
— radicicola, 164
— saponacei, 193
— subtilis, 31, 86, 108
— synxanthus, 194
— of tetanus, 19, 168-171
— termo, 53
— of tubercle, 110, 212, 225, 274-291
— typhosus, 41, 50, 55-62, 212
— ubiquitous, 53
— of yellow fever, 316
Bacteria, action of, 26
— in sewage, 84
— and wheat supply, 161
— and fixation of nitrogen, 160-166
— in cheese-making, 220-227
— in the dairy, 215-227
— products of, 240, 241
— and disease, 264-321
— the higher, 11, 33
— in soil, 137-177
Bacterial action, 26
— treatment of sewage, 90
Bacteroids, 166
Beer diseases, 134
Berkefeld filter, 52
Biogenesis, 3
Biology of bacteria, 1-36
Bitter fermentation, 191
Blood serum, 22
Blue milk, 193
Boracic acid, 205, 331
Bread, bacteria in, 238
Broth, 21
Brownian movement, 14
Bubonic plague, 306-308
Buchner's tube, 141
Butter, bacteria in, 213, 214
— examination of, 214
— bacterial flavouring of, 215
Butyric fermentation, 115, 132, 191
Carbol-fuchsin, 44
Carbol-gelatine, 62
Carbolic acid as a germicide, 332
Caries, dental, 104
Chamber, moist, 41
Channels of infection in disease, 269
— in tubercle, 289
Cheese, bacteria in, 220
Chemical products of bacteria, 241
Chemical substances as disinfectants, 329
— and bacteriological examination of water compared, 51
— tests for nitrification, 158
Chemiotaxis, 15, 248
Chicken cholera, 320
Chinosol as a disinfectant, 336
Chloride of lime as a germicide, 331
Cholera, 65-68
— diagnosis of, 68
— and filtration, 75
— and milk, 200
Chromogenic bacteria, 193, 241
Cladothrix, 8, 33
Clark's process, 73
Classification, 7
Coccus, definition of, 8
Colon bacillus, see B. coli communis
Comma bacillus, 66
Commensalism, 162
Composition of bacteria, 12-14
Conditions affecting bacteria in water, 70
— in milk, 186, 187
Contagion, 270
Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 331
Counter (Wolfhügel), 49
Cover-glass preparations, 44
Cream, bacteria in, 213
Crenothrix polyspora, 53
Creosol as a germicide, 332
Cultivation beds, 92
Culture media, 20
— anaërobic, 139
— hanging drop, 44
— plate, 40-43
— pure, 20, 46
— shake, 62
Decomposition bacteria, 149
Denitrifying bacteria, 143, 149
Dental caries, 104
Deodorants, 323
Desiccation, 26
Diagnosis, 339
Diarrhœa of infants, 175, 316
Diphtheria, 243-245, 289-296
— bacillus of, 289
— toxins of, 244, 293
— and milk supply, 201
— and school influence, 294, 295
— pseudo-bacillus of, 296
Diplococcus, definition of, 8 Diplococcus of gonorrhœa, 300
— in pneumonia, 313
Directions for estimating disinfectants, etc., 324
Disease, production of, 264
Diseases of beer, 134
— of plants, 35
— of animals, 316-320
— conveyed by water, 81
— and soil, 173-177
Disinfectants, 322, 331
Disinfection, 322-336
— of a room, 335
— of walls, 335
— of bedding, 335
— of garments, 335
— of excreta, 335
— of wounds, 336
— of hands, 336
Domestic purification of water, 79
Dunham's solution, 69
Dysentery, 319
Earth temperatures and disease, 175
Economic bacteria, 145
Egg cultures, 340
Elsner's medium, 62
Endospores, 17
Enteric fever, see Typhoid
Enzymes, 114
Equifex disinfector, 328
— sprayer, 334
Erysipelas, 299
Examination, bacteriological—
— air, 96-99
— cholera, 68
— diphtheria, 290, 340
— leprosy, 309
— meat, 234
— milk, 227
— sewage, 80
— soil, 138
— tetanus, 170
— tubercle, 276, 339
— water, 43-48
— yeasts, 119, et seq.
Extracellular poisons, 244, 273
Fermentation, 111-136
— acetous, 115, 127
— alcoholic, 115, 117
— ammoniacal, 115, see under Soil
— butyric, 115, 132, 191
— lactic acid, 115, 130, 190
Ferments, organised, 114, 115
Ferments, unorganised, 114, 115
— chromogenic, 193
— curdling, 191
— bitter, 191
— slimy, 192
— soapy, 193
Films, 123
Filter, domestic, 79
Filter-beds, 74
Filtration, milk, 206
— method of air examination, 99
— sand, 77-79
Fission, 16
Fixing specimens, 45
Flagella, 15
— staining, 63
Food, bacteria in, 179, 180
Foot-and-mouth disease, 320
Formaldehyde and formalin, 205, 206, 333
Forms of bacteria, 8
Fränkel's tube, 140
— pneumococcus, 314
Friedländer's pneumo-bacillus, 315
Gas, production of, 62, 241
Gathering-ground, 38
Gelatine, 21
— carbol, 62
— liquefaction of, 44
Gemmation, 119
Gentian-violet, aniline, 44
Germicidal temperatures, 30, 207
Germicides, 322, 331
Glanders, 319
Gonorrhœa, 300
Gram's method, 44, 338
Gravity, influence on bacteria, 106
Gypsum block, 121
Hæmatozoa, 320
Hanging drop cultivations, 44
Hansen's method of dilution, 123
Heat as steriliser, 30, 326
Heredity, 268, 269
Hesse's method of air examination, 98
Higher bacteria, 11
High yeasts, 125
Hot air steriliser, 31
Hydrogen cultivation, 139
Hydrophobia, treatment of, 253
Ice-cream, bacteria in, 236-238
— examination of, 236
Immunity, 240-263
— acquired, 247, 250
— active, 250
— artificial, 250
— natural, 250
— passive, 250
Incubation period, 271
Incubators, 22
Indol, formation of, 61
— testing for, 61
Industries and bacteria, 135
Influenza, 315
Intracellular poisons, 34
Inversive ferments, 115
Involution forms, 12, 66
Kipp's apparatus for producing hydrogen, 27, 139
Klebs-Löffler bacillus, 289
Koch's plate method, 40
— postulates, 266
— comma bacillus, 66
— bacillus of tubercle, 276
Lactic acid fermentation, 115, 130, 185, 190, 221, 226
Lactose, 190
Leguminosæ, fixation of nitrogen by, 163
Leprosy, 308-313
Leptothrix, 8, 33
Leuconostoc, 17
Light, influence upon bacteria, 24-26, 70
Liquefaction of gelatine, 44, 241
Low yeasts, 125
Lymph, glycerinated calf, 252
Lyon's, Washington, disinfector, 328
Maceration industries, 135
Malaria, 177, 320
Malignant œdema, 19, 172
Mallein, 319
Mastitis, 184
Measles, 321
Meat, 234
Media, culture, 20
Merismopedia, 11
Method of examination, 43-47
Metropolitan water supply, 72
Miasmatic diseases, 176
Micrococcus, definition of, 8
— agilis, 16
— aquatilis, 53
— casei amari, 226
Micrococcus Freudenreichii, 192
— gonorrhœæ, 299
— tetragonus, 299
— viscosus, 192
Milk, bacteriology of, 178-213
— absorptivity of, 180
— sources of pollution, 181-184
— number of bacteria in, 185
— influence of temperature upon, 186
— influence of time of standing, 187
— fermentation bacteria in, 189
— constitution of, 189-195
— disease-producing power of, 195
— and tuberculosis, 197-199, 228, 290
— and typhoid, 199
— and cholera, 200
— and diphtheria, 201
— and scarlet fever, 202
— and thrush, 203
— methods of preservation of, 205
— and added antiseptics, 205, 206
— filtration of, 206
— sterilisation of, 207
— pasteurisation of, 208-213
— products, bacteria in, 213-227
— examination of, 227
— and economic bacteria, 215-220
— sterile, 181
— kinds of bacteria in, 188
— chromogenic, 193
— cooling processes, 207, 209
Moist chamber, 41
Moisture necessary for bacteria, 23
Motility, 14
Moulds, 116
Mycoderma aceti, 127
Nasal passages, bacteria in, 103
Natural purification of water, 69
Needles, platinum, 22, 24
Nitrates, 147, 154
Nitric organism, 157, 158
Nitrification, 76, 143-159
— chemistry of, 144-148
— stages in, 145
— bacteria of, 152
Nitrifying organisms, cultivation of, 156
Nitrogen, fixation of, 144, 160-168
Nitrous organism, 154, 158
Nodules on roots, bacteria in, 163
Oidium albicans, 203
Oxygen necessary for bacteria, 26
Oysters and bacteria, 229-234
Paraform for disinfection, 334
Parasitism, 27, 162
Parietti's method, 62
Pasteurisation of milk, 208-213
Pasteur's treatment of rabies, 253-258
Perlsucht, 283
Petri dishes, 50
Phagocytosis, 247
Phosphorescence, 26, 241
Pigment, formation of, 241
Place of bacteria in nature, 5
Plague, 306-308
Plant diseases, 35
Plate cultures, 40-46
Platinum needles, 22, 24
Pleomorphism, 12
Pneumo-bacillus, 315
Pneumococcus, 313
Pneumonia, 313
Polymorphism, 12
Postulates, Koch's, 266
Potato medium, 22
Pouchet's aëroscope, 96
Proteolytic ferments, 115
Proteus family, 86, 180, 297
— vulgaris, 60, 86, 151, 194
— zenkeri, 60
Pseudo-diphtheria bacillus, 296
Ptomaines, 179
Pure culture, 20, 46
Purification of water—
— natural, 69
— artificial, 73
Pus, 296
Putrefaction, 143-149
Pyocyanin, 299
Pyoxanthose, 299
Quantitative standard for water bacteria, 48, 49
— air bacteria, 107
— milk bacteria, 188
— soil bacteria, 137
Quarter evil, 19, 171
Rabies, treatment of, 253
— forms of, 253
— pathology of, 254
— results of treatment, 256
Reck's disinfector, 328
Reproduction of bacteria, methods of, 16
Retting, 135
Rinderpest, 320
Saccharomycetes, biology of, 119-121
— methods of examination, 122
— anomalous, 122
— apiculatus, 127
— aquifolii, 127
— cerevisiæ, 117, 124, 126
— conglomeratus, 126
— ellipsoideus I., 126
— ellipsoideus II., 126, 134
— exiguus, 127
— Hansenii, 127
— illicis, 127
— Ludwigii, 122
— mycoderma, 127
— pastorianus I., 127, 134
— pastorianus II., 127
— pastorianus III., 127, 134
— pyriformis, 127
Salicylic acid as antiseptic, 205, 206
Saprophytes, 27, 166
Sarcina, 10
Scarlet fever, 202, 321
Sedgwick's method of air analysis, 99
Sedimentation, 71, 73
Septic processes, 296
— tank, 90
Sewage, organisms in, 84
— bacterial treatment of, 89
Sewer air, 87
— and toxicity of bacteria, 105
Shake culture, 62
Shell-fish and bacteria, 229, 234
Small-pox, 251, 321
Soil, bacteriology of, 137
— examination of, 138
— kinds of bacteria in, 142-145
— and its relation to disease, 173, 176, 177
Species of bacteria, 29
Spirillum, definition of, 11
— of cholera, 66
Spontaneous generation, 2
Spores, kinds of, 17-19
— resistance of, 19, 278
— staining of, 19
— of yeasts, 122
Staining methods, 45
Staphylococcus, 10, 296
— cereus albus, 297
— pyogenes aureus, 88, 108, 297
Steam as a disinfector, 326
— disinfectors, 327-329
— steriliser, 326
— saturated, 327
— superheated, 327 Steam current, 327
Sterilisation, 29-31
— methods of, 30, 31
Streptococcus, 9, 297
— pyogenes, 299
— Hollandicus, 192
Streptothrix, 317
Structure of bacteria, 8
Sulphurous acid as a germicide, 332
Suppuration, 296-301
Swine fever, 320
Symbiosis, 162
Symptomatic anthrax, 171
Table of economic bacteria in soil, 145
Temperature, influence of, on bacteria, 23
Tetanus, 19, 168, 245
— toxin of, 168
Thresh's disinfector, 328
Thrush, 203
Tissues, effect of, on bacteria, 267
Tobacco-curing, 136
Toxins, 28, 241-247, 272
Tuberculin, 281
Tuberculosis, 274-292
— pathology of, 274
— varieties of, 275
— history of, 276
— conveyed by the air, 104
— and the milk supply, 196-198, 290
— giant cells in, 275
— bacillus of, 276
— cultivation of bacillus of, 277
— spores of, 277
— relation of bacillus to disease, 279
— toxins of, 281
— of animals, 283
— prevention of, 286-292
— disinfection in cases of, 292
— decline of, 288
— and overcrowding, 288
— channels of infection in, 289
— expectoration in, 290
Tuberculosis and house influence, 291
— and glanders, 319
Typhoid fever, 56
— bacillus of, 55-58
— micro-pathology, 57
— bacillus compared with B. coli, 58
— bacillus in sewage, 59
— bacillus in drinking water, 60
— tests for bacillus of, 61-64
— and soil, 173, 176
— conveyed by the air, 105
— and milk supply, 199
Tyrotoxicon, 205, 237
Unit of antitoxin, 263
Urea, 148
Vaccination, 251-253
Vaccines, plague, 257, 259
— cholera, 257
— small-pox, 251
Vaccinia, 251
Variolation, 250, 251
Virulence increased, 32
— diminished, 36
Water, bacteria in, 37-84
— number of bacteria in, 38
— examination of, 39-52
— disease organisms found in, 55
— natural purification of, 69
— artificial purification of, 73
— filtration of, 74
— domestic purification of, 79
— pollution of, 82
Wheat supply and bacteria, 161
Widal reaction, 63, 340
Wooden tongue, 318
Wool-sorters' disease, 305
Yeasts, 116
Yellow fever, 316
Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 44, 340
The Science Series
Edited by Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Columbia University, with the cooperation of Frank Evers Beddard, F.R.S., in Great Britain.
Each volume of the series will treat some department of science with reference to the most recent advances, and will be contributed by an author of acknowledged authority. Every effort will be made to maintain the standard set by the first volumes, until the series shall represent the more important aspects of contemporary science. The advance of science has been so rapid, and its place in modern life has become so dominant, that it is needful to revise continually the statement of its results, and to put these in a form that is intelligible and attractive. The man of science can himself be a specialist in one department only, yet it is necessary for him to keep abreast of scientific progress in many directions. The results of modern science are of use in nearly every profession and calling, and are an essential part of modern education and culture. A series of scientific books, such as has been planned, should be assured of a wide circulation, and should contribute greatly to the advance and diffusion of scientific knowledge.
The volumes will be in octavo form, and will be fully illustrated in so far as the subject-matter calls for illustrations.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York & London
THE SCIENCE SERIES
(Volumes ready, in press, and in preparation.)
The Study of Man. By Professor A. C. Haddon, M.A., D.Sc., Royal College of Science, Dublin. Illustrated. 8o, $2.00
The Groundwork of Science. A Study of Epistemology. By St. George Mivart, F.R.S. 8o, $1.75
Rivers of North America. A Reading Lesson for Students of Geography and Geology. By Israel C. Russell, LL.D., Professor of Geology in the University of Michigan. Illustrated. 8o, $2.00
Earth Sculpture. By Professor James Geikie, F.R.S., University of Edinburgh. Illustrated. 8o, $2.00
Volcanoes. By T. G. Bonney, F.R.S., University College, London. Illustrated. 8o, $2.00
Bacteria. By G. Newman, M.D., F.R.S., Demonstrator of Bacteriology in King's College, London. Illustrated. 8o.
The Stars. By Professor Simon Newcomb, U.S.N., Nautical Almanac Office, and Johns Hopkins University.
Meteors and Comets. By Professor C. A. Young, Princeton University.
The Measurement of the Earth. By Professor T. C. Mendenhall, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, formerly Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Earthquakes. By Major C. E. Dutton, U.S.A.
Physiography; The Forms of the Land. By Professor W. M. Davis, Harvard University.
The History of Science. By C. S. Peirce.
General Ethnography. By Professor Daniel G. Brinton, University of Pennsylvania.
Recent Theories of Evolution. By J. Mark Baldwin, Princeton University.
Whales. By F. E. Beddard, F.R.S., Zoölogical Society, London.
The Reproduction of Living Beings. By Professor Marcus Hartog, Queen's College, Cork.
Man and the Higher Apes. By Dr. A. Keith, F.R.C.S.
Heredity. By J. Arthur Thompson, School of Medicine, Edinburgh.
Life Areas of North America: A Study in the Distribution of Animals and Plants. By Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of the Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Age, Growth, Sex, and Death. By Professor Charles S. Minot, Harvard Medical School.
Bacteria. Dr. J. H. Gladstone.
History of Botany. Professor A. H. Green.
Planetary Motion. G. W. Hill.
Infection and Immunity. Geo. M. Sternberg, Surgeon-General U.S.A.