Volume 2 — APPENDIX V Bibliography

Besides the published writings of Audubon, I have included in this Bibliography such references to his life and times as occur in the text or which possess some degree of merit; all other important literary and historical authorities are cited in footnotes to the text. The titles appear in a single numerical series, but the arrangement under each head is strictly chronological. All references to this list in the text are indicated usually by title, with the name of the author, and always by Arabic numerals, in correspondence with the series which follows. If some chaff has been admitted to this garner, no corn, I hope, has been thrown into the fire.

a. Principal Works

1. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of America, from Original Drawings by John James Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh and of the Linnæan & Zoölogical Societies of London, Member of the Natural History Society of Paris, of the Lyceum of New York, &c. &c. &c. 4 vols. colored plates, double elephant folio. Published by the Author. London, 1827-1838.

Issued without text, titles excepted, to subscribers, in 87 Numbers of 5 plates each, or 435 copper-plate engravings, colored by hand, and representing 1,065 life-size figures of 489 supposedly distinct species of birds. Titles the same, except that in volumes II-IV, after "New York," in list of societies following author's name, is added, "of the Philosophical Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia." Begun at Edinburgh in autumn of 1826, and completed in London, June 20, 1838.

A more detailed citation is:

Vol. I. Parts 1-22, pll. i- cx, 1827-30.

Vol. II. Parts 23-44, pll. cxi- ccxx, 1831-34.

Vol. III. Parts 45-66, pll. ccxxi- cccxxx, 1834-35.

Vol. IV. Parts 67-87, pll. cccxxxi- ccccxxxv, 1835-38.

More exact data on publication of individual plates are:

1827 pll. 1- 25

1828 pll. 26- 50

1829 pll. 51- 75

1830 pll. 76-100

1831 pll. 101(?)-125

1832 pll. 126-155(?)

1833 pll. 156-185

1834 pll. 186-235

1835 pll. 236-285

1836 pll. 286-350

1837 pll. 351-400

1838 pll. 400[401]-435

The first ten plates were executed by William Home Lizars, Edinburgh, 1826-7, but were later retouched or reëngraved (?) by Robert Havell, Junior, who produced all the rest in London; printed on Whatman's drawing paper, size (untrimmed), 39½ x 29½ inches, and colored after the originals. A considerable number of the plain plates were dispersed, and at least one complete set exists in this state (see Note, Chapter XXVI, Vol. II, p. 7, and also Chapter XXXII, Vol. II, p. 190); scientific and common names, with legends of author and engraver, and eventually the date of publication, were given on each plate. Issued to subscribers at two guineas a Part, and sold in Europe at £182, 14s; in America, at $1,000. The Turkey Cock (Plate No. 1) now brings upwards of $140, and perfect sets upwards of $4,000, according to binding and state. Total number of original sets probably did not exceed 190 or 200.

2. Audubon, John James, F. R. SS. L. & E. [with list of societies]:

Ornithological Biography, or an account of the habits of the Birds of the United States of America; accompanied by descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled The Birds of America, and interspersed with delineations of American scenery and manners. 5 vols. roy. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1831-1839.

Vol. I (original ed.). Preface dated "March 1831." Pp. i-xxiv, 1-512, and 1-16, including "Prospectus," "Contents" to Vol. I, and names of subscribers to The Birds of America. Text to accompany plates i-c of the large folio. Adam Black, 55 North Bridge (with names of agents; Neill & Co. Printers, Old Fishmarket), Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXI.

Vol. I (American reprint). Pagination the same. Judah Dobson, Agent, 108 Chestnut St., and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms, 121 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXI. Copyright by R. Harlan, M.D., 1831. Printed by James Kay, Jun. & Co., Printers to the American Philosophical Society, No. 4 Minor St.

Vol. I (American reprint). The same, but bearing the imprint of E. L. Carey and A. Hart, Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. II (original ed.). Preface dated "1st December 1834." Pp. i-xxxii, 1-588. Text of plates ci-cc. Adam and Charles Black. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIV.

Vol. II (American reprint). The same, but with imprint of Hilliard, Gray, and Company. Boston, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. III (original and only ed., as are IV and V). Preface dated "1st December 1835." Pp. i-xvi, 1-638, with 9 woodcuts. Text to plates cci-ccc. Same imprint as Vol. II. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. IV. Preface dated "1st November 1838." Pp. i-xxviii, 1-618. Text to plates ccci-ccclxxxvii. Imprint, the same. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXVIII.

Vol. V. Preface dated "1st May 1839." Pp. i-xl, 1-664, with 98 woodcuts. Text to plates ccclxxxviii-ccccxxxv. Same imprint. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIX.

According to Stone, 5 species recognized in the folio are suppressed in the "Biography"; 26 new names are given, and 502 species are recognized, but as 11 were more or less hypothetical, 491 remain in supposedly good standing.

3. Audubon, John James, F. R. SS. L. & E. Member of various scientific associations in Europe and America:

A Synopsis of the Birds of North America. Pp. i-xi, 1-359. 8vo. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh; Longman, Rees, Brown, Green and Longman, London. MDCCCXXXIX.

A methodical index to the birds of America, with special reference to the large folio plates and Ornithological Biography; 45 families and 139 genera are defined; 5 new names are added, making the total number of recognized species 491.

4. Audubon, John James, F. R. SS. L. & E. (&c., &c.):

The Birds of America from Drawings made in the United States and its Territories. 7 vols. of text and plates, roy. 8vo. Published by the Author and J. B. Chevalier. New York and Philadelphia, 1840-1844.

The "Birds in Miniature," or first octavo edition of text and plates combined; issued to subscribers in 100 Parts, each with 5 lithographic colored plates, at $1.00 a Part.

Vol. I. Parts 1-14; pll. 1-70; pp. i-viii, 9-256. 1840.

Vol. II. Parts 15-28; pll. 71-140; pp. i-viii, 9-206. 1841.

Vol. III. Parts 29-42; pll. 141-210; pp. i-viii, 9-236. 1841.

Vol. IV. Parts 43-56; pll. 211-280; pp. i-viii, 9-324. 1842.

Vol. V. Parts 57-70; pll. 281-350; pp. i-viii, 9-348. 1842.

Vol. VI. Parts 71-84; pll. 251[351]-420; pp. i-viii, 9-460. 1843.

Vol. VII. Parts 85-100; pll. 421-500; pp. i-x, 9[11]-374. 1844.

In this "miniature" edition, the "delineations of American scenery and manners" are omitted, the text revised, and the nomenclature made to conform with the Synopsis; the plates of the large folio were broken up, and their accessories reduced, so that but one species appears on each; 7 species, described in the Biography and Synopsis are figured for the first time in an Appendix, in which also appear 17 species that had been neither figured nor described before, thus bringing the total number of birds represented on the octavo plates to 500; four of the largest birds receive two plates each, thus leaving the number of distinct species figured at 496, while the 12 species herein described brings the total number of species recognized by Audubon in 1844 to 508. The plates of this edition are rearranged and renumbered to conform with the new arrangement of the text, which was considerably improved. The series begins with the California Vulture, and ends with Baird's Bunting.

Vols. I-V were published by J. J. Audubon, New York, and simultaneously issued by J. B. Chevalier, Philadelphia; Vols. VI-VII, published by J. J. Audubon, 77 Williams St., New York, and 34 North First St., Philadelphia.

The Numbers or Parts were issued in blue paper covers, or drab when without plates (7 x 11 inches), on which were printed the "Prospectus," lists of subscribers and agents, besides other information which the author wished to convey to his patrons. The printer's legend at the right lower corner reads: "Lithd. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen, Philada." Parts in original covers are extremely rare; a set in this condition was offered in 1914 at $750.

5. Audubon, John James, and Bachman, Rev. John:

The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. 2 vols. of 150 lithographic, colored plates; imp. folio. Published by J. J. Audubon, New York, 1845-1846.

Vol. I. Parts 1-15, pll. 1-75, 1845.

Vol. II. Parts 16-30, pll. 76-150, 1846.

Issued to subscribers in 30 Parts of 5 plates each, size 28 x 22 inches, at $10 a part, or $300, without text except titles, tables of contents, and names on plates; 76 of the originals by J. J. Audubon, and 74 by J. W. Audubon, assisted by V. G. Audubon. Author's and printer's legends read: "Drawn from Nature by J. J. Audubon, F. R. S. F. L. S.," and "Lith. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen, Phila. 1842[-1845]."

6. Audubon, John James, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and Bachman, Rev. John, D. D. (&c., &c.):

The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. 3 vols., roy. 8vo. Published by J. J. Audubon and V. G. Audubon, New York, 1846-1854.

Issued to subscribers, as text to foregoing:

Vol. I. Pp. i-xvi, 1-390. Text only. Published by J. J. Audubon, New York, 1846.

Vol. I (European ed.). The same as foregoing with imprint of Wiley & Putnam, London, 1847.

Vol. II. Pp. 1-336. Text only. Published by V. G. Audubon, 1851.

Vol. III. Pp. i-vi, 1-350. Text, with 6 colored plates. Published by V. G. Audubon, 1854.

7. Audubon, John James, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and Bachman, Rev. John, D. D. (&c., &c.):

The Quadrupeds of North America [in "Miniature"]. 3 vols., roy. 8vo., with 155 colored plates. Published by V. G. Audubon, New York, 1854.

Vol. I. Nos. 1-10, pll. i-l, pp. i-viii, 1-384.

Vol. II. Nos. 11-20, pll. li-c, pp. 1-334.

Vol. III. Nos. 21-31, pll. ci-clv, pp. i-vi, 1-348.

First and only edition of the text and plates reduced to octavo size; most of the plates lithographed, printed and colored by J. T. Bowen. In Vol. I the introduction is cut down, the list of subscribers omitted, and tables of contents and genera placed at end; Vol. II is same as first edition, with omission of subscribers' lists; Vol. III same as in first edition, except for omission of table of genera at back. All plates in Vol. I, and 28 in Vol. II, or 78 in all, are by J. J. Audubon, and 77 are by J. W. Audubon.

8. Audubon, John James, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):

The Birds of America, from Drawings made in the United States and their Territories. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Published by V. G. Audubon, New York, 1856.

The second octavo edition of the Birds, with 500 plates, published without change, except in pagination. The portrait of Audubon, which appears in this or in some of the later editions, was engraved by H. B. Hall after the painting by Henry Inman.

9. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of America; from Original Drawings by John James Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh, &c., &c., &c. Reissued by J. W. Audubon. 1 vol. of 106 double elephant folio plates, in chromolithography, by J. Bien, 180 Broadway, representing 151 of the original copper plates. Roe Lockwood & Son, Publishers. New York, 1860.

The only (and partial) reissue of the original folio; plates, in many instances double, renumbered to correspond with the octavo edition, with backgrounds often simplified or changed, and much inferior to the original hand-colored engravings; the plates are dated "1858" or "1859." Checked by the Civil War, the residual stock of plates found a ready sale thirty years later. Citation from copy in the Public Library, New York City. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).

10. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of America, from Drawings made in the United States and their Territories, by John James Audubon, F. R. S., &c., &c. Reissued by J. W. Audubon. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Text only. Roe Lockwood & Son, Publishers. New York, 1861. Vol. I, pp. i-viii, 11-246; Vol. II, pp. i-viii, 11-200; Vol. III, pp. i-viii, 9-234; Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-322; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346; Vol. VI, pp. i-viii, 2-456; Vol. VII (not seen).

Issued as the letterpress of the imperfect folio (see No. 9) described above. According to Sabin, quoted by Coues (see No. 181 of this Bibliography), only 4 royal octavo volumes of this text was issued; the present citation is from the 6 volumes in the Public Library of New York; all are without plates, and it should be noted that Vols. I and II, and III and IV are bound as two volumes. In 1914 a set of this edition, in seven volumes, bound in cloth, was advertised by a bookseller in New York at $40. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).

11. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of America ... Reissued by J. W. Audubon, in 7 vols., imper. 8vo., with 500 colored plates, 10 x 7 inches. Roe Lockwood & Son. New York, 1861.

Third complete octavo edition, to be distinguished from the 7 vols. (No. 10) referred to above, and the V. G. Audubon reissue of 1856 (No. 8). Reference partly from Coues.

12. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of North America: a popular and scientific description of the Birds of the United States and their Territories. New edition. New York, 1863.

Not seen, but given on the authority of Coues.

13. Audubon, John James:

The Birds of America ... 8 vols. 8vo. New York, 1865.

According to Coues, a later edition of J. W. Audubon's reissue of 1861, but in 8 instead of 7 volumes.

14. Audubon, John James, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):

The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their Territories. Vols. I-VIII, imper. 8vo. George R. Lockwood, late Roe Lockwood & Son, 812 Broadway, New York. No date. (1871.) Vol. I, pp. i-viii, i-xv (memoir), 11-246, pll. 1-70; Vol. II, pp. i-vii, 11-199, pll. 71-140; Vol. III, pp. i-viii, 9-233, pll. 141-210; Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-321, pll. 211-280; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346, pll. 281-250; Vol. VI, pp. i-vii, 9-298, pll. 351-394; Vol. VII, pp. i-vii, 9-285, pll. 395-440; Vol. VIII, pp. i-viii, 9-256, pll. 441-500. (Pagination taken from Coues.)

Sixth and last complete octavo edition of text and plates, being a reissue of the 1865 edition. In the biography, signed "G. R. L[ockwood]., 1870," it is stated that Jean Audubon died "at Rochefort on the Loire [sic], where he had a large estate" at the age of ninety-five, and that J. J. Audubon was born on his father's plantation at New Orleans in 1780. This memoir was issued separately as an advertising pamphlet by J. L. Sibole ("Fine Book Dealer, 109 So. 15th. Street, New York"), to exploit the octavo editions of the Birds and Quadrupeds (pp. 1-15, paper cover, no date).

b. Minor Papers and Reprints

15. Audubon, John James:

"On the Hirundo fulva of Vieillot." Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. i, pp. 163-166. New York, 1824.

16. Audubon, John James:

"Facts and Observations connected with the permanent residence of swallows in the United States." Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. i, pp. 166-168. New York, 1824.

17. Audubon, John James (a citizen of the United States):

"Account of the Habits of the Turkey Buzzard (Vultur aura) particularly with the view of exploding the opinion generally entertained of its extraordinary power of Smelling." In a letter to Professor Jameson. [Note.] This communication was originally intended to be sent to a friend unacquainted with the habits of birds—J. J. A. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 2 (Oct.-Apr.), pp. 172-184. Edinburgh, 1826-1827. Dated "Edinburgh, Dec. 7, 1826."

18. Audubon, John James:

"Observations on the Natural History of the Alligator." In a letter to Sir William Jardine, Baronet, &c. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 2, (Oct.-April), pp. 270-280. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

Gives the first account of the nesting habits of the American alligator.

19. Audubon, John James:

"Account of the Carrion Crow or Vultur atratus." Edinburgh Journal of Science, vol. vi (Nov.-April), pp. 156-161. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

Notices the nesting and other habits, and maintains that this species, like the Turkey Buzzard, is guided to its food by sight and not by smell.

20. Audubon, John James:

"Notes on the Habits of the Wild Pigeon of America, Columba migratoria." Edinburgh Journal of Science, vol. vi (Nov.-April), pp. 256-265. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

Read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, February 19, 1827.

21. Audubon, John James:

"Notes on the Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), in a letter addressed to Thomas Stuart Traill, M. D., &c." Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 3 (April-Oct.), pp. 21-30. Edinburgh, 1827.

Read before the Wernerian Society of Natural History, February 24, 1827. Reproduced in Journal of the Franklin Institute and American Mechanics' Magazine, vol. ii, N. S., pp. 32-37. Philadelphia, 1828. Later repudiated by the editor; see Thomas P. Jones, "The Romance of the Rattlesnake," No. 93 of this Bibliography.

22. Audubon, J. J.:

"Account of the Method of Drawing Birds employed by J. J. Audubon, Esq., F. R. S. E." In a letter to a friend. Edinburgh Journal of Science, vol. viii, pp. 48-54. Edinburgh, 1828.

22a. Audubon, John James:

"Journey up the Mississippi." The Winter's Wreath for 1829, pp. 104-127. Liverpool and Philadelphia, 1828.

23. Audubon, John James:

"Notes on the Bird of Washington—(Falco Washingtonia) or Great American Sea Eagle" (with figure). Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. i, pp. 115-120. London, 1828-1829.

Dated "London, April, 1828."

24. Audubon, John J.:

"The Flood of the Mississippi." Edinburgh Literary Journal. February, 1831, pp. 140-142.

See "Episode" entitled "A Flood," Ornithological Biography, vol. i.

25. Audubon, J. J.:

"An Account of the Habits of the American Goshawk (Falco palumbarius, Wils.)." In a letter to Sir William Jardine, Bart. Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science, vol. 3 (March), pp. 145-147. Edinburgh, 1831.

26. Audubon, John James:

"Improvements in the Navigation of the Mississippi." Edinburgh Literary Journal, March 26, 1831, pp. 194-195.

See Ornithological Biography, vol. i.

27. Audubon, John James:

"Hunting the Cougar, or the American Lion." Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 11, pp. 103-115. Edinburgh, 1831.

See "The Cougar," Ornithological Biography, vol. i. "It having been remarked, and rather sharply, that in our article on 'Audubon's Ornithological Biography,' we have overrated that gentleman's talents, we, in our own vindication, and as proofs of Audubon's descriptive powers, submit to the judgment of our readers the above sketch, taken at random from his work." (Editor's note.)

28. Audubon, J. J.:

"Account of a Hurricane in North America." Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 12 (Oct.-April), pp. 278-281. Edinburgh, 1831-1832.

See "The Hurricane," Ornithological Biography, vol. i.

29. Audubon, J. J.:

"The Ohio." Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 12, pp. 122-126. Edinburgh, 1832.

See the same, Ornithological Biography, vol. i.

30. Audubon, J. J., and Bachman, Rev. John, D. D.:

"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North America." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. viii, pt. ii, pp. 280-329. Philadelphia, 1839-1842.

Read, Oct. 5, 1841.

31. Audubon, J. J., and Bachman, J.:

"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North America." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. i (Oct., 1841), pp. 92-103. Philadelphia, 1843.

32. Audubon, John James, and Bachman, John:

"Description of a new North American Fox, genus Vulpes, Cuv., (Utah)." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. vi, pp. 114-116. Philadelphia, 1852-1853.

33. Audubon, John James:

"Earthquake in Kentucky." Reproduced in Magazine of American History, vol. 16, pp. 342-344, with portrait. New York, 1886.

See "The Earthquake," Ornithological Biography, vol. i.

c. Epistolary Articles

34. Audubon, John James:

"Letter to the Editor" (No. 1). Dated "St. Augustine, East Florida, Dec. 7, 1831." Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, pp. 358-363. Philadelphia, 1832.

35. Audubon, J. J.:

"Letter from J. J. Audubon to the Editor" (No. 2). Dated "Bulowville, East Florida, December 31, 1831." Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, pp. 407-414. Philadelphia, 1832.

36. Audubon, J. J.:

"Letter to the Editor" (No. 3). Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i (June), pp. 529-537. Philadelphia, 1832.

37. Audubon, J. J.:

"Letter from J. J. Audubon to William MacGillivray." Edinburgh Journal of Natural History, vol. i (for Dec., 1838), p. 171. Edinburgh, 1835-1839.

Dated, "On board the Crusader, Cote Blanche, 18 April, 1837."

d. Translations

38. Bazin, Eugène:

Scènes de la Nature dans les Etats-Unis et le Nord de l'Amérique. Ouvrage traduit d'Audubon, avec Preface et Notes du Traducteur. T. 1-2, pp. 1-460, 1-512. 8vo. Paris, 1857.

Selections from the Ornithological Biography, with Introduction; dedicated to Charles Lucien Bonaparte.

39. (Anon.):

"Drei Ziegenmelker Nordamerika's." Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie, vorzugsweise Europas, herausg. von E. Baldamus, pp. 158-163. Stuttgart und Leipzig, 1858.

e. Autobiography

40. Audubon, Maria R.:

"Audubon's Story of his Youth." Scribner's Magazine, vol. xiii, pp. 267-287, illust. New York, 1893.

First appearance of autobiographical sketch, entitled, "Myself, J. J. Audubon." Reproduced also in Audubon and his Journals (see No. 86), vol. i.

f. Journals

41. Deane, Ruthven:

"Extracts from an Unpublished Journal of John James Audubon." The Auk, vol. xxi, pp. 334-338. Cambridge, 1904.

Including entries for fourteen days, extending from October 12, 1820, to November 25, 1821.

42. (Anon.):

"A Story of Meadville from John J. Audubon, F. R. S., August 28, 1824." Pamphlet (in blue paper cover), pp. 1-4. Dated April 9th, 1846.

An early version, taken from the original journal, and probably given by Audubon himself to some of his friends, possibly Spencer F. Baird, who visited him in both early and late April of this year. For passages not since reproduced, see Vol. I, p. 341. Citation from copy in the Public Library, New York City.

For fuller journal records, see Audubon and his Journals (No. 86), including "European Journals," (1826-1827), vol. i, pp. 79-242; the "Labrador Journal," 1833, vol. i, pp. 343-446; and the "Missouri River Journals," 1843, vol. i, pp. 447-532, and vol. ii, pp. 1-196.

g. Familiar Letters

43. Coues, Elliott:

"Behind the Veil." Bulletin Nuttall Ornithological Club, vol. v, pp. 193-204. Cambridge, 1880.

Gives interesting letters by Audubon and MacGillivray, which are reproduced in the present work.

44. Gordon, Mrs.:

"Christopher North": A Memoir of John Wilson. New York, 1894.

For letter of J. J. Audubon to J. Wilson, no date [Jany. 1, 1836], see pp. 363-364.

45. Shufeldt, R. W., and Audubon, M. R.:

"The Last Portrait of Audubon, together with a Letter to his Son." The Auk, vol. xi, pp. 309-313. New York, 1894.

46. Rhoads, S. N.:

"Auduboniana," The Auk, vol. xx, pp. 377-383. Cambridge, 1903.

Gives three letters to Edward Harris, partly reproduced in the present work.

47. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird," The Auk, vol. xxi, pp. 255-259. Cambridge, 1904.

First installment.

48. Deane, Ruthven:

(a) "A Hitherto Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon," The Auk, vol. xxii, pp. 170-171. Cambridge, 1905.

(b) See also "An Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon to his Family," The Auk, vol. xxv, pp. 166-169. Cambridge, 1908.

49. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird," I, The Auk, vol. xxiii, pp. 194-209. Cambridge, 1906.

Second installment.

50. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird," II, The Auk, vol. xxiii, pp. 318-334. Cambridge, 1906.

Third installment.

51. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird," III, The Auk, vol. xxiv, pp. 53-70. Cambridge, 1907.

Fourth installment.

52. Dall, William Healey:

Spencer Fullerton Baird: A Biography. Pp. i-xvi, 1-462. 8vo. 19 illust. Philadelphia and London, 1915.

Reproduces eighteen letters of Audubon to Baird, dating from June 13, 1840, to February 11, 1847.

53. Thayer, John E.:

"Auduboniana," The Auk, vol. xxxiii, pp. 115-118, 4 plates. Cambridge, 1916.

Reproduces four original water-color drawings, and two letters addressed to Dr. George Parkman, dated "New York, June 20th," and "August 13th 1841."

54. Grinnell, George Bird:

"Some Audubon Letters," The Auk, vol. xxxiii, pp. 119-130. Cambridge, 1916.

Gives two letters written to Victor G. Audubon from New York, April 28 and Sept. 9, 1833.

See also Caledonian Mercury, November 3, 1831, for letter to Joseph B. Kidd (No. 163), Brewer (No. 79), Bachman (No. 191), Günther (No. 204), Deane (No. 225), and Alexander Bliss, in Autograph Leaves of our Country's Authors, for facsimile letter of Audubon to Thomas Sully, dated "Manchester (England), Sept. 16, 1826" (Baltimore, 1864).

h. Biographies

55. Christopher North (John Wilson):

"Noctes Ambrosianae," No. XXX, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. xxi (Jan.), pp. 112-105 (sic). Edinburgh, 1827.

56. (Anon.):

"Biographical Sketch of John James Audubon," with portrait (drawn and engraved by J. Brown); insert in G. Cuvier and P. A. Latreille, The Animal Kingdom, vol. i, pp. 197*-204*. London, 1830.

57. Lander, Sir Thomas Dick, Bart., and Brown, Capt. Thomas:

Biographical Sketch, with engravings by Joseph B. Kidd. Pp. i-x, 1-184, 16mo. Edinburgh, 1833.

Mainly extracted from vol. i of the Ornithological Biography; refers to the false rumor of Audubon's death in October, 1831, and to his plan of forming a Gallery of Paintings in Natural History, started in association with Kidd.

58. (Anon.):

"Biographical Sketch of J. J. Audubon." Miscellany of Natural History, vol. i. 1833.

Not seen.

59. Dunlap, William:

History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States. 2 vols. New York, 1834. For John James Audubon, see vol. ii, pp. 402-408.

60. (Anon.) Godwin, Parke:

"John James Audubon." United States Magazine and Democratic Review, N. S., vol. x, pp. 436-450. New York, 1842.

See also Out of the Past; Critical and Literary Papers, pp. 89-110 (New York, 1870), and Homes of American Authors; for the last, see No. 68.

61. Griswold, Rufus W.:

The Prose Writers of America, article "Audubon." Philadelphia, 1847.

62. Lester, C. Edwards (editor):

The Gallery of Illustrious Americans, containing the Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Twenty-four of the most eminent Citizens of the American Republic since the death of Washington. Plates from daguerreotypes by Brady; engraved by D'Avignon. Published from 205 Broadway, New York, by G. P. Putnam, D. Appleton & Company, and C. S. Francis & Company. New York, 1850.

Issued in 24 Parts. For John James Audubon, see Part No. 7; reproduced in Spooner's Biographical History of the Fine Arts, vol. i, pp. 53-55 (New York, 1867). See also No. 196.

63. Philarète-Chasles:

Etudes sur la Littérature et les Moeurs des Anglo-Américains au xixe siècle. Pp. i-viii, 1-516. Paris, 1851. See "Audubon. Le Voyageur et le Naturaliste," pp. 68-106.

An excellent review by an experienced French critic and author, who appears to have met Audubon and to have attended one of his exhibitions in Edinburgh.

64. (Anon.) Thorpe, Col. Thomas B.:

"Incidents in the Life of Audubon," Godey's Lady's Book, vol. xlii, pp. 306-309, with portrait. Philadelphia, 1851.

65. Griswold, Rufus W.:

"John James Audubon," International Monthly Magazine, vol. ii, pp. 469-474. New York, 1850-1851.

66. Cap, P. A.:

"Jean Jacques Audubon," L'Illustration, vol. xviii, pp. 70-71, illust. Paris, 1851.

67. (Anon.):

"Audubon, the Naturalist," Gleason's Pictorial, vol. iii, p. 196, with portrait of Audubon as a young man. Boston, Sept. 25, 1852.

Audubon is said to have been born in New Orleans, May 4, 1780, and "in 1810 he embarked in a skiff with his wife and young child for his only companions, and with his gun and pencil for baggage, and commenced an adventurous and wandering life—the life of a hunter and naturalist, which he did not abandon until 1834."

68. Godwin, Parke:

"John James Audubon," in The Homes of American Authors. New York, 1853.

See also "The Home of Audubon," The Leisure Hour, vol. 2, pp. 300-303 (London, 1853), and Little Journeys to the Homes of American Authors, New York and London, 1896.

69. Smiles, Samuel:

Brief Biographies. Boston, 1861. See "Audubon the Ornithologist," pp. 171-197.

70. St. John, Mrs. Horace:

Life of Audubon, the Naturalist in the New World. His Adventures and Discoveries. Pp. i-xiv, 1-172. London, 1856.

71. St. John, Mrs. Horace:

Life of Audubon, the Naturalist of the New World. His Adventures and Discoveries. Revised and corrected, with additions, and illustrated with engravings by J. W. Orr from original designs. Pp. 1-24, 1-312. Boston, 1856.

First American edition, followed by others in 1861, 1864, 1870, 1876 and later; citation from edition of 1864.

72. Buchanan, Robert (editor):

The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon, the Naturalist. Edited from materials supplied by his widow. 8vo. Pp. i-viii, 1-366. Portrait and vignette on title. London, 1868.

This was followed by a second and third English edition in 1869, the latter without frontispiece, but with vignette stamped on cover. The editor assumed no responsibility for the fidelity of his record, which was based on a manuscript by the Rev. Charles Coffin Adams, of New York. Reproduced in "Everyman's Library," with an Introduction by John Burroughs (originally appearing as a review of Buchanan's work in 1869; see No. 153). 12mo. Pp. i-xx, 1-336. London and New York (no date).

73. Audubon, Lucy (editor):

The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist. Edited by his Widow. With an Introduction by James Grant Wilson. 8vo. Pp. i-x, 1-444. Portrait, and vignette on title. New York, 1869.

Reprinted at various times; citation from a copy bearing date of 1906. This work is a reproduction, with but slight changes, of Buchanan's rendering of the original Adams manuscript.

74. Duyckinck, Evert Augustus:

"John James Audubon," in the National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans, illustrated from paintings by Alonzo Chappel. 2 vols., 4to. New York, 1862.

For Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 47-54.

75. Parton, James:

Peoples' Book of Biography, or Short Lives of the most interesting Persons of all Ages and Countries. Hartford, 1869. For Audubon, see pp. 163-167.

A second edition appeared under the title Illustrious Men and their Achievements, &c. (New York, 1881).

76. (Anon.):

"Audubon," Chambers' Journal, vol. 46, pp. 85-89. London and Edinburgh, 1869.

A compilation from Buchanan's Life.

77. (Anon.):

"The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. xxxix, pp. 613-614. New York, 1869.

78. Audubon, Maria R.:

"Reminiscences of Audubon by a Granddaughter," Scribner's Monthly Magazine, vol. xiii, pp. 333-336. New York, 1876.

79. Brewer, Thomas M.:

"Reminiscences of John James Audubon," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. lxi, pp. 666-675. New York, 1880.

Reproduces a number of interesting letters.

80. (Anon.) Larrabee, W. H.:

"Sketch of J. J. Audubon," Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxxi, pp. 687-697, with portrait. New York, 1887.

See also reprint in Pioneers of Science in America. Sketches of their lives and Scientific Work. From the Popular Science Monthly, with additions. "John James Audubon, 1780-1851," pp. 152-156. New York, 1896.

81. Pentz, Jacob:

"The Audubons." Shooting and Fishing, May 11, 1893, illust. New York.

Interesting reminiscences and portraits of John Woodhouse Audubon and his family, with whom the author lived for a number of years.

82. Elliot, Daniel Giraud:

"The Life and Services of John James Audubon," Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. xiii, pp. 43-57. New York, 1893.

An address delivered before the New York Academy of Sciences, April 26, 1893.

83. Godwin, Parke:

"John James Audubon," in Commemorative Addresses, pp. 149-192.

An interesting sketch by one who had known Audubon as early as 1842, but replete with errors in dates and questions of fact; condensed from earlier papers. See Nos. 60 and 68.

84. Mitchell, Donald G.:

American Lands and Letters. 2 vols. London, 1897, 1899. For Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 204-213.

85. Bradford, Mary Fluker:

Audubon. Pp. 1-72, illust. New Orleans, 1897.

Originally read before the Quarante Club, and privately printed in the interests of a fund for the erection of a monument to Audubon in New Orleans, a project which has since been realized (see Vol. I, p. 13).

86. Audubon, Maria R.:

Audubon and His Journals, with zoölogical and other notes by Elliott Coues. With 37 Illustrations, including 10 Portraits of Audubon, and 3 hitherto unpublished Bird Drawings. 2 vols., 8vo. Vol. i, pp. i-xiv, 1-532; vol. ii, pp. i-viii, 1-554. With reproduction of diplomas, etc. New York, 1898.

The first volume of this excellent work is devoted to a biography of the naturalist, pp. 1-78, and to his Journals (see No. 42); the second continues the Journals, and reproduces most of the "Episodes" from the Ornithological Biography.

87. Burroughs, John:

John James Audubon. Pp. i-xviii, 1-144. With portrait. 16mo. and (large paper) 8vo. Boston. 1902.

Citation from second edition of 1904.

88. Merriam, C. Hart:

"John James Audubon," Popular Science Monthly, vol. lxx, pp. 301-303, with portrait. New York, 1907.

Delivered on the occasion of the unveiling of marble busts of ten eminent scientific men at the American Museum of Natural History, December 29, 1906.

89. Merriam C. Hart:

"John James Audubon," Bird Lore, vol. 9, pp. 3-5. New York, 1907.

89a. Stone, Witmer:

"John James Audubon," in Leading American Men of Science, ed. by David Starr Jordan, pp. 71-87. New York, 1910.

90. Bakewell, Rev. Gordon:

"Reminiscences of John James Audubon." Publications of the Louisiana Historical Society, vol. v, pp. 31-41. New Orleans, 1911.

An address delivered before the Louisiana Historical Society, November 16, 1910. Affirms, on the testimony of Bernard de Marigny, that Audubon was a Louisianian by birth. See Vol. I, p. 69 of the present work.

i. Reviews and Criticism

91. (Anon.) Brewster, David:

"Mr. Audubon's Ornithology of the United States of America," Edinburgh Journal of Science, vol. vi, p. 184. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

This highly commendatory paper by David Brewster, and that by Robert Jameson, which follows, gives the first formal announcement of Audubon's work in the scientific journals of the day.

92. (Anon.) Jameson, Robert:

"Mr. Audubon's great work on Birds of the United States of America," Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 2, pp. 210-211. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

The editor stated that Audubon had spent twenty-two years in the study of American birds, and that the engravings, of which several had already appeared, would be accompanied by a quarto volume of letterpress, containing all his observations on the natural history of the species, in the form of letters, an example of which was given in the paper on the Turkey Buzzard in the present number of that Journal (see No. 17).

93. (Anon.) Jones, Thomas P.:

"The Romance of the Rattlesnake," Franklin Journal and American Mechanics' Magazine, vol. ii (August), N. S., p. 144. Philadelphia, 1828.

This notorious attack upon Audubon's veracity was followed by Waterton (see No. 115), and referred to by Victor Audubon (see No. 118), in his reply. Audubon's original article (see No. 21) was published by this editor, who knew so little of its author that not even his name was given correctly.

93a. Cuvier, Georges:

"Rapport verbal fait à L'Académie Royale des Sciences, sur L'Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de L'Amérique Septemtrionale, de M. Audubon," Le Moniteur, 1re. octobre. Paris, 1828.

For extracts from Cuvier's report, see Chapter XXIII, p. 413.

94. (Anon.):

"Ueber die Abbildungen von Vögeln," in Froriep, Notizen, Bd. xxi, col. 49-54. Berlin, 1828.

95. W[illiam]. S[wainson].:

"Some Account of the Work now publishing by Mr. Audubon," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. i, pp. 43-52 (May). London, 1828-1829.

Dated at "Tittenhanger Green. April 11, 1828." A highly laudatory article on Audubon's plates, quoted in his "Prospectus" of The Birds of America.

96. (Anon.):

"Report of a committee appointed by the Lyceum of Natural History of New York to examine the splendid work of Mr. Audubon upon the Birds of North America; May, 1829," American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xvi, pp. 353-354. New Haven, 1829.

Applauds The Birds of America, and recommends that the Lyceum become a subscriber.

97. "Ornithophilus":

"Remarks on Audubon's Birds of America, and Ornithological Biography," Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 10, pp. 317-332. Edinburgh, 1830-1831.

A highly favorable and elaborate review, mistakenly attributed to Swainson. Reprinted in the National Gazette and Literary Register, vol. xii (June 10), Philadelphia, 1831. In an editorial note it is said that the Ornithological Biography is about to be reprinted in Philadelphia by James Kay, Jr., & Company.

98. Christopher North (John Wilson):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography Introduction," Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. xxx, pp. 1-16 (July). Edinburgh, 1831.

The second of Wilson's articles in praise of Audubon; reprinted with his later reviews of the same work in Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, vol. v, pp. 91-149.

99. Christopher North (John Wilson):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography. Second Survey. Wilson's American Ornithology," Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. xxx, pp. 247-280. Edinburgh, 1831.

100. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... By John James Audubon. &c. &c. Edinburgh, 1831," Edinburgh Literary Journal or Weekly Register of Criticism and Belles Lettres, April 16, 1831, pp. 248-249.

101. (Anon.) Featherstonhaugh, G. W.:

"Ornithological Biography." By John James Audubon, F. R. S. Published by Judah Dobson and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms, Philadelphia," Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, September, pp. 136-139. Philadelphia, 1831.

102. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography," American Quarterly Review, vol. x, pp. 245-258. Philadelphia, 1831.

103. (Anon.):

"The Birds of America ... By John James Audubon, F. R. S. ... vol. i, folio. London, 1831. Ornithological Biography ... 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1831," Quarterly Review, vol. xlvii, pp. 332-366. London, 1832.

In the same article are reviewed Jameson's edition of Wilson's American Ornithology, and Part II of Swainson's and Richardson's Fauna Boreali-Americana.

104. Waterton, Charles:

"On the Faculty of Scent of the Vulture," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. v (April), pp. 233-241. London, 1832.

Signed "Walton Hall, Dec. 21, 1831"; the first of nineteen critical and polemical articles extending over a period of five years, and directed against Audubon and his friends.

105. (Anon.) Peabody, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Biography of Birds. Ornithological Biography of Birds ... Philadelphia, 1831," North American Review, vol. xxxiv, pp. 364-405 (April). Boston, 1832.

The first of three able articles by the same anonymous writer which appeared in this Review. See Nos. 130 and 143.

106. (Anon.) Featherstonhaugh, G. W.:

"Audubon, Author of The Birds of America, and Ornithological Biography," Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, pp. 456-468 (April). Philadelphia, 1832.

A laudatory review, in which the author professes to give "a true history of a conspiracy, got up to utterly break down and ruin the reputation of one of the most remarkable men America ever produced."

107. Abert, John:

"Habits of Climbing of the Rattle-snake. Extract of a letter from Col. Abert, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, to Dr. Harlan of Philadelphia," Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, pp. 221-223. Philadelphia, 1832.

Dated "Washington, Oct. 21, 1831." Supports Audubon's account of the climbing habits of the rattlesnake, which had become the subject of acrimonious dispute.

108. (Anon.):

"Audubon," The Athenæum, vol. for 1833, pp. 817-818. London, 1833.

In number for November 23. An account, partly from private sources and partly from a New York newspaper, of Audubon's present researches and plans, with detailed comment on his Florida and Labrador expeditions.

109. Hunter, Perceval:

"Means by which the Vulture (Vultur Aura, L.) traces its Food," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 83-88. London, 1833.

Dated "Oxford, Jul. 2, 1832." Defends Audubon's account of lack of sense of smell in the Vulture, published in 1826 (see No. 17).

110. Waterton, Charles:

"The Means by which the Turkey Buzzard traces its Food," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 162-163. London, 1833.

Signed "Walton Hall, Jany. 1, 1833." A caustic reply to the last. Reprinted in Essays in Natural History, chiefly Ornithology, First Series. London, 1838.

111. Waterton, Charles:

"Remarks on Mr. Audubon's Account of the 'Habits of the Turkey Buzzard (Vultur Aura), particularly with the View of exploding the Opinion generally entertained of its extraordinary Powers of Smelling,'" Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 163-171. London, 1833.

A characteristically flippant article, ending thus: "But here I will stop: I have been too long on carrion,—'neque enim toluare vaporem ulterius potui' (Ovid Met., ii, 301)."

112. Waterton, Charles:

"The Gland on the Rump of Birds," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 274-277. London, 1833.

Denial that birds ever oil their feathers in preening, as Audubon had maintained for the eagle. Reprinted, with many controversial articles, which follow, in Essays on Natural History, First Series, referred to above.

113. Audubon, V. G.:

"[Mr. Audubon, Jr.] in Reply to Mr. Waterton's Remarks on Audubon's Biography of Birds," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, p. 369. London, 1833.

Signed "121 Great Portland St., Jn. 7, 1833." Victor Audubon's defense of his father, who was then in America.

114. R[obert] B[akewell]:

"Observations on Mr. Waterton's Attacks on Mr. Audubon," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 369-372. London, 1833.

Signed "Hampstead, Jn. 10, 1833."

115. Waterton, Charles:

[Mr. Waterton in reply to Mr. Audubon, Jun.], Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 464-465. London, 1833.

Signed "Walton Hall, July 6, 1833"; Refers to Dr. Jones' "Romance of the Rattlesnake" (see No. 93), and quotes a letter by George Ord, in explaining why Swainson did not write the "Biography of Birds."

116. Waterton, Charles:

"Mr. Audubon again," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 465-468. London, 1833.

A reply to Robert Bakewell, in which the author says that his only object in attacking Audubon was to defend his own account of the vulture.

117. Swainson, William:

"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Swainson in reply to Mr. Waterton," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, p. 550. London, 1833.

Dated Sept. 17, 1832.

118. Audubon, V. G.:

"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Audubon, jun., in Reply to Mr. Waterton," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vi, pp. 550-553. London, 1833.

Signed "121 Great Portland, Sept. 19, 1833." Quotes articles by Jones, Featherstonhaugh and Abert; see Nos. 93, 101, 106 and 107.

119. Waterton, Charles:

"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor articles: "Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the Biography of Birds" (signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833); "Mr. Audubon, jun."; "Aerial Encounter of the Eagle and the Vulture" (see the "Biography of Birds," vol. i, p. 163) (signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833"); "Audubon's Humming-bird" (see the "Biography of Birds," vol. i, p. 248) ("Walton Hall, Nov. 19, 1833"); "The Virginian Partridge," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vii, pp. 66-74. London, 1834.

The three last reprinted in Essays on Natural History, First Series, referred to above.

120. Waterton, Charles:

"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor articles: "The Vulture's Nose" ("Walton Hall, March 6, 1834"); "Audubon's Claim to the Authorship of the Biography of Birds"; "Audubon and his Ornithology"; "The Passenger Pigeon" ("Walton Hall, Jany. 19, 1834"). Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vii, pp. 276-283. London, 1834.

The first and last articles reprinted in Essays on Natural History, First Series, referred to above.

121. (Anon.):

"The Birds of America. No. XXXVII. By J. J. Audubon, Esq. Coloured Plates. Elephant folio. London, Havell," Athenæum, vol. for 1834, p. 350 (May 10). London, 1834.

At the same time was also reviewed Part ii of A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States, by Thomas Nuttall.

122. (Anon.):

"The Birds of America. By J. J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S. Parts XLI, XLII, XLIII. London, Havell," Athenæum, vol. for 1834, pp. 653-654. London, 1834.

Describes the Wood Duck (Plate ccvi) as perfect, and compliments the engraver, Robert Havell, on "the accuracy with which he has appreciated and retained the spirit of the originals."

123. (Anon.) Hall, James:

"American Ornithology," The Western Monthly Magazine, vol. ii, pp. 337-350 (July). Cincinnati, 1834.

A comparative review of the ornithological works of Alexander Wilson, Thomas Nuttall, and John James Audubon, very laudatory of the first two but condemnatory of the last, by Judge Hall, whose brother, Harrison Hall, was an interested publisher of Wilson's work. "How shall we venture to dissent from the almost unanimous expression of public sentiment, which has set him [Audubon] up as a sort of 'greatest and best,' against whom to speak in dispraise, would be a species of treason. Yet it must be done, and it is our vocation to do it: the critic must not be silent when the interests of science require, and the honor of his country demands, that he should proclaim the truth.... The exaggerations contained in these sketches ["Episodes"] are such as to weaken our confidence in the entire work."

124. Bachman, John:

"Retrospective Criticism. Remarks in defence of the Author of the Birds of America," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vii, pp. 164-175. London, 1834.

A reply to Waterton, and an appeal for as much justice for Audubon as was shown to Wilson, his predecessor. Dated "Charleston, Dec. 31, 1833."

125. Bachman, John:

"An account of some experiments made on the habits of the Vultures inhabiting Carolina,—the Turkey Buzzard and the Carrion Crow, particularly as it regards the extraordinary powers of smelling usually attributed to them," Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. i, pp. 15-31. Boston, 1834.

Bachman did not deny the power of smell to the vultures, but maintained that they were guided to their prey by sight alone.

126. (Anon.):

"Audubon's Birds of America and Ornithological Biography," Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, January, 1835.

"All is life, health, and beauty. Never before were birds so represented, and if ever again they will be, still Audubon will be the chief of a school, of whom it will be said that it studied nature. Turn now to any volume of plates that you can find, and what presents itself? not a bird surely, but an effigy stuffed with straw, and more worthy of being burnt, than that of a Tory statesman by a radical mob."

127. Bachman, John:

"Defence of Audubon," Bucks County Intelligencer, 1835.

Not seen.

128. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... Volume ii, published at 25s.," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. viii, pp. 184-190. London, 1835.

129. Taylor, Richard C.:

"On the Geology and Natural History of the North-Eastern Extremity of the Alleghany Mountain Range, in Pennsylvania, United States," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. viii, pp. 529-541. London, 1835.

Confirms Audubon's account of the climbing habits of the rattlesnake.

130. (Anon.) Peabody, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Biography of Birds; Ornithological Biography," North American Review, vol. xli, pp. 194-231. Boston, 1835.

131. Christopher North (John Wilson):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 37, pp. 107-124. Edinburgh, 1835.

132. Waterton, Charles:

"On Snakes, their Fangs, and their Mode of procuring Food," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. viii, pp. 663-668. London, 1835.

Reprinted in Essays on Natural History, First Series, referred to above.

133. Waterton, Charles, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:

"A Letter to James [Robert] Jameson, Esq." [followed by 21 lines of fine print, giving titles and membership in scientific societies]. Pp. 1-14. Wakefield, 1835.

Privately printed, and designed mainly to hit Audubon and his snake stories over Jameson's shoulders. Signed, "Walton-Hall, January 27, 1835." "Should you honor me—— with a reply, I promise you that I will take an immediate and dispassionate notice of it; and I will address to you a second, a third, and a fourth letter, and so on. As you have first attacked me through Audubon, through him I will continue to point my dart at you.... This mode of carrying on the warfare will answer well my ends. It will give me an opportunity of again bringing on the stage certain individuals with whom I have not yet quite squared up accounts; and, at the same time, I trust it will be to you a kind ... of hint, a warning—lest you make another false step in your exertions to sound again in the public ear, O Candour! whither art thou fled? Certainly not to Walton Hall.... Pray, sir, where were your brains (whither had they fled? Certainly not to Walton Hall) when you received, and approved of, a narrative at once so preposterous and so palpably fictitious?" Reprinted in Essays on Natural History, edited by Norman Moore (London, 1871). Citation from pamphlet in Library of British Museum.

134. Waterton, Charles, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:

"Second Letter to Robert Jameson, Esq." [with same titles as in last]. Pp. 1-16. Wakefield, 1835.

Ridicules in particular Audubon's accounts of the Vulture, the Passenger Pigeon, and a hurricane in North America. Signed "Walton-Hall. March 2nd, 1835."

135. Waterton, Charles:

"Audubon's Plates of the Birds of America," Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. viii, pp. 236-238. London, 1835.

Accuses Audubon of misrepresentation in his statements of the time required to produce his drawings.

136. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography, or an Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America ... By J. J. Audubon. vol. ii &c. First Notice," Athenæum, London, January 3, 1835, pp. 5-7.

The same: "Second Notice," Athenæum, January 17, pp. 43-45.

The same: "Third Notice," Athenæum, January 31, pp. 87-89.

"There is amply sufficient remaining in Audubon's pages, for fully a dozen more notices, were we disposed to follow the exhausting system."

137. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iii, First Notice," Athenæum, pp. 41-42, January 16, 1836. London.

The same: "Second Notice," Athenæum, January 23, 1836, pp. 62-63.

138. Waterton, Charles, Esq., Walton-Hall:

"An Ornithological Letter to William Swainson, Esq., F.R.S. &c. &c." Pp. 1-16. Wakefield (Richard Nichols, Bookseller), 1837.

Signed "Walton-Hall, March 10, 1837," and reprinted in Moore's edition of Essays on Natural History, referred to above. A long and bitter tirade against both Swainson and Audubon. "You have seen fit to laud one man exceedingly, for his zoological acquirements, who to my certain knowledge, paid other people for the letterpress and drawings, which were to appear in his work." Citation from pamphlet in British Museum Library.

139. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... by John James Audubon. vols. i-iii," Oken's Isis, Bd. xxx, pp. 922-928. Leipzig, 1837.

140. Sells, W.:

"On the Habits of the Vultur aura, with notes on the dissections of the two heads of two specimens by R. Owen," Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Pt. v, pp. 33-35. London, 1837.

Favors the view that the vulture is guided to food by the sense of smell.

141. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iv...." Athenæum, London, Dec. 1, 1838, pp. 849-852.

142. (Anon.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. v...." Athenæum, London, vol. for 1839, p. 77.

143. (Anon.) Peabody, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," North American Review, vol. i, pp. 381-404 (April). Boston, 1840.

144. (Anon.):

"Audubon's Ornithology. A Synopsis of the Birds of North America. Edinburgh, 1839. The Birds of America. London and Edinburgh, vol. 1. New York, 1840," American Journal of Sciences and Arts, vol. xxxix, pp. 343-357. New Haven, 1840.

145. Ord, George:

[Reply to Audubon's charge against Wilson, and countercharge against Audubon.] Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 1, pp. 272-273. Philadelphia, 1840.

Report of meeting held September 18, 1840.

146. (Anon.):

"The Birds of America ... vol. ii, octavo edition ... published by J. J. Audubon, and J. B. Chevalier," American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xlii, pp. 130-136. New Haven, 1842.

"Mr. Audubon has now nearly a thousand subscribers to his work; an instance of liberal support of a work on natural history certainly without a parallel in the New World, and hardly with one in the Old."

147. (Anon.):

"A Synopsis of the Birds of North America, by J. J. Audubon. London, 1839," Oken's Isis, Bd. xxxvii, pp. 713-718. Leipzig, 1844.

148. Winterfield, Charles:

"American Ornithology (The Birds of America and Ornithological Biography)," The American Review: A Whig Journal, vol. i, pp. 262-274. New York, 1845.

149. Winterfield, Charles:

"About Birds and Audubon," The American Review: A Whig Journal, vol. i, pp. 371-383. New York, 1845.

Refers to a meeting with Audubon on a canal boat in Pennsylvania, when the latter was returning from his Missouri River expedition in 1843. See No. 173.

150. Winterfield, Charles:

"A Talk about Birds and Audubon," The American Review: A Whig Journal, vol. ii, pp. 279-287. New York, 1845.

Interesting reference to "the great fire [of July 19, 1845] which so lately devastated so large a part of this proud city [New York]," in which the copper plates of Audubon's Birds were thought to have been destroyed (see Chapter XXXV, p. 267).

151. (Anon.):

"Audubon, the Naturalist," Athenæum, London, vol. for 1856, p. 283.

Review of Mrs. Horace St. John's Life of Audubon (see No. 71).

152. (Anon.):

"The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon," Athenæum, London, vol. for 1868, pp. 833-834. Review of Buchanan's Life (see No. 72).

153. (Anon.) Burroughs, John:

"The Life of Audubon ... edited by Mrs. J. J. Audubon" [see No. 73], The Nation, vol. ix, pp. 13-14. New York, 1869.

Reprinted in Buchanan's Life of Audubon, "Everyman's Library" (see No. 72).

154. (Anon.):

"The Adventures of Audubon," ... Edinburgh Review, vol. cxxxii, pp. 250-275. Edinburgh, 1870.

Review of Buchanan's Life.

155. Shufeldt, R. W.:

"Shedding Horns of Antelope," Shooting and Fishing, New York, March, 1896.

For critical articles by the same author, see also the following: "On the Terrestrial Attitudes of Loons and Grebes," The Ibis, London, January, 1898; "Audubon's Figure of the Mountain Partridge," Field and Stream, New York, September 1899; "Scaup Duck," Shooting and Fishing, New York, November 26, 1903; and "The Nest of the Orchard Oriole," The Wilson Bulletin, Oberlin, June, 1903.

156. (Anon.):

"A Great Naturalist," Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. clxiv, pp. 58-69. Edinburgh, 1898.

Review of Audubon and his Journals.

157. (Anon.) Merriam, C. Hart:

"Audubon," The Nation, vol. LXVI, pp. 151-152. New York, 1898.

See also Science, N. S., vol. VII, pp. 289-296, with plate. New York, 1898.

Reviews of Audubon and his Journals.

158. M[iall], L. C.:

"Audubon," Nature, vol. lvii, pp. 286-287. London, 1896-1898.

A dour review, in which the writer remarks that Audubon's Birds of America "has great artistic merit but less scientific value than a good series of photographs from life."

159. Hutt, W. N.:

"Audubon the Original Nature Fakir," Scientific American, vol. xcviii, p. 59. New York, 1908.

A feeble echo of the slanderous charges brought against Audubon by Thomas P. Jones in 1828 (see No. 93).

160. Colles, George W.:

"A Defense of Audubon," Scientific American, vol. xcviii, p. 311. New York, 1908.

An excellent rejoinder to the egregious article quoted above.

161. Burns, Frank L.:

"Alexander Wilson," Pts. I-VIII, The Wilson Bulletin, vols. xx-xxii. Oberlin, 1908-1910.

See particularly, I. "The Audubon Controversy," vol. xx, pp. 3-18, and II. "The Mystery of the Small-headed Flycatcher," vol. xx, pp. 63-79.

j. Auduboniana and Miscellanea

162. (Anon.):

"Wilson the Ornithologist," The Literary Gazette, and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts and Sciences, London, Saturday, September 3, 1831, p. 574.

A grotesque notice, based on a rumor, said to have originated in a Philadelphia newspaper, of the death of Audubon in America, but confounding his identity with that of Alexander Wilson, whose death had actually occurred at Philadelphia eighteen years before. In the issue of October 15, the editor acknowledged his error in resurrecting and then killing Wilson, but explained that the obituary was intended for Audubon.

163. Brown, Capt. Thomas:

"Mr. Audubon," Caledonian Mercury, Edinburgh, Thursday, November 3, 1831.

Quotes a letter written by Audubon, to Joseph B. Kidd and dated "New York, Sept. 7, 1831," four days after his death had been announced in England. In its issue of September 8, this paper had already corrected the London editor's error respecting Wilson.

164. (Anon.) Featherstonhaugh, G. W.:

"Audubon's Expedition to California and the Rocky Mountains," Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, vol. i, p. 229. (November.) Philadelphia, 1831.

165. (Anon.):

"Mr. Audubon," New York Mirror, vol. 10, p. 325. New York, April 20, 1833.

166. (Anon.):

"Audubon and his Labrador Expedition." Editorial in the National Gazette and Literary Register, Philadelphia, vol. xiii, No. 3808, September 10, 1833.

"We wish him a degree of success and prolongation of vigor equal to his great merits; indeed, for the past at least, success is fully assured."

167. (Anon.):

"Mr. Audubon," National Gazette and Literary Register, Philadelphia (extracted from the Boston Patriot), vol. xiii, No. 3919, September 10, 1833.

Welcomes Audubon on his return to Boston, and gives detailed account of his successful Labrador expedition.

168. MacGillivray, William:

A History of British Birds, indigenous and migratory, 5 vols., 8vo. Illust. London, 1837-1852.

See Practical Ornithology, 6th. Lesson: "Ornithologus [Audubon], and Physiophilus [MacGillivray]," pp. 462-474 (1839).

169. Swainson, William:

Taxidermy, Bibliography, and Biography. The Cabinet Cyclopædia, conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner. 12mo. London, 1840. For "J. J. Audubon, Animal Painter," see pp. 116-117.

170. Freiligrath, F.:

"Epistel an Audubon nebst einer Antwort aus Amerika." Pp. 1-16, 18mo. Philadelphia, 1844.

This rare little pamphlet bears on its cover a woodcut of an Indian brandishing a gun and knife: the poem begins:

and the response:

See also J. Bayard Taylor, "Audubon. From the German of Ferdinand Freiligrath," Graham's American Monthly Magazine, vol. xxvi, p. 264. This poem consists of twenty stanzas, the first four and best of which are:

Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810-1876), well known German lyric poet and apostle of democracy, was more than once forced to flee his native land on account of his political sentiments; he went to England seven years after Audubon had finally settled in America, and that country became his refuge for over twenty years; his translations from the English included Longfellow's poem of "Hiawatha."

171. (Anon.):

"Mort de Jean Jacques Audubon, célèbre naturaliste américain," illust., L'Illustration, Paris, vol. xvii, No. 416, February 28, 1851, p. 128.

172. (Anon.):

"John James Audubon," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. ii, pp. 561-563 (March). New York, 1851.

173. Webber, Charles Wilkins:

Romance of Natural History; or Wild Scenes and Wild Hunters. 8vo.; pp. 1-8, 17-610. Philadelphia, 1852.

An abridgment of the author's Wild Scenes and Wild Hunters, 1851, and also issued under the title The hunter naturalist; also published as The Romance of forest and prairie life; narrative of perilous adventures & wild hunting scenes (H. Vizetelly. London, 1853). Gives an anecdote of meeting Audubon on a canal boat in Pennsylvania, when he was returning from the Upper Missouri in 1843 (see No. 149) and is quoted here for no other reason.

174. Audubon, John Woodhouse:

Illustrated notes of an expedition through Mexico and California. Pp. 1-48, 4 plates, plain or colored. J. W. Audubon. New York, 1852. Reprinted as Extra Number 41 of The Magazine of History, with Notes and Queries. Pp. 1-83, 4 colored plates (including frontispiece). W. Abbatt. Tarrytown, 1915.

It was planned to issue this work monthly in ten numbers, if it should receive sufficient public support. The drawings are exquisitely reproduced, and as works of art are deserving of the highest praise. See No. 219.

175. A[nna]. A[tkins].:

Memoir of J. G. Children, Esq., including some unpublished poetry of his father and himself. Printed for private distribution. Pp. 1-314. Westminster, 1853.

Refers to Audubon's relations with Children, and to his naming of "Sylvia childreni," which later proved to be an error.

176. Nolte, Vincent:

Fifty Years in both Hemispheres: or Reminiscences of a Merchant's Life. London, 1854.

English edition of a work originally published at Hamburg in the same year. See particularly his version of the meeting with Audubon in 1810, and of their descent of the Ohio in Nolte's flatboat to Louisville in the winter of that year.

177. Wallace, W. Ross:

"Audubon's Hymn in the American Forests," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. xix, p. 619 (October). New York, 1859.

178. Stoddard, Charles A[ugustus].:

"A Noble Woman's Life: A Memorial Sermon to the late Madame Audubon." Printed by request. Pp. 1-24, 18mo. Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 770 Broadway, cor. 9th St., New York, 1874.

179. F.:

"Audubon's Birds of America," Magazine of American History, vol. 1, pp. 252-253. New York and Chicago, 1877.

Reproduction of a note by J. Prescott Hall concerning Audubon's subscribers.

180. Lockwood, Samuel:

"Audubon's Lily Rediscovered," Popular Science Monthly, vol. x (April), pp. 675-678. New York, 1877.

Records the rediscovery of Audubon's long lost and discredited yellow water lily, Nymphæa flava, by Mrs. Mary Treat, in Florida, in the summer of 1876. Originally figured by Audubon, with the Common American swan, on Plate ccccxi, of The Birds of America, in 1838.

181. Coues, Elliott:

Birds of the Colorado Valley, Bibliographical Appendix: "List of Faunal Publications relating to North American Ornithology," pp. 567-746. 8vo. Washington, 1878.

Gives full citations of the various editions of Audubon's works. "It takes an inspired idiot to be a good bibliographer" (Coues).

182. Wade, Joseph M.:

"Letter to J. M. Wade on Audubon's Mill," Ornithologist and Oölogist, vol. 8, p. 79. Boston, 1883.

183. Jordan, David Starr:

"Rafinesque," Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxix, pp. 212-221 (June). New York, 1886. Reproduced in Pioneers of Science in America, edited by William Jay Youmans (New York, 1896).

184. Shufeldt, R. W.:

"On an old Portrait of Audubon, painted by himself, and a word about some of his early Drawings," The Auk, vol. iii, pp. 418-430, with portrait. New York, 1886.

185. Saunders, Frederick:

The Story of Some Famous Books. For Audubon, see pp. 141-144. London, 1887.

186. Starling, Edmund L.:

History of Henderson County, Kentucky. 8vo., pp. 1-832. Henderson, 1887.

Gives an account of Audubon's mill and of his other business ventures at Henderson, but when departing from local records is inaccurate and unreliable.

187. Martin, D. S.:

"Audubon's Grave," Science, vol. x, pp. 68-69 (Aug. 5). New York, 1887.

Refers to the project set on foot to raise funds for erecting a monument to the naturalist.

188. Shufeldt, R. W.:

"Audubon's Grave," Science, vol. x, p. 108 (Aug. 28). New York, 1887.

Proposes that the remains of Audubon should eventually rest in the crypt of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City.

189. (Anon.):

[Audubon's Grave], Science, vol. x, p. 205 (Oct. 28). New York, 1887.

Announces the appointment of a committee by the New York Academy of Sciences to secure funds for the erection of the proposed monument.

See also the same, vol. x, p. 278 (Dec. 9).

190. Shufeldt, R. W.:

"Audubonian Sketches," The Audubonian Magazine, published in the interests of the Audubon Society for the protection of birds, vol. i (January), pp. 267-271, illust., and vol. ii (February), pp. 3-6, illust. New York, 1888.

See files of the same magazine, vol. i, pp. i-xi, 1-288, February, 1887-January, 1888, and vol. ii, pp. i-vi, 1-264, February, 1888-January, 1889, New York, for various comments on Audubon's life and services.

191. Bachman, C. L.:

John Bachman, D.D., LL.D., Ph.D. 8vo, pp. i-xii, 1-436, with portrait. Charleston, 1888.

Reproduces numerous letters which passed between the Bachman and Audubon families.

192. Loomis, Leverett M.:

"A Forgotten Volume," The Auk, vol. viii, p. 230. New York, 1891.

193. (Anon.):

"Report of the Audubon Monument Committee of The New York Academy of Sciences," Transactions of the Academy, vol. xiii, pp. 23-69. New York, 1893.

194. Shufeldt, R. W.:

"Audubon the Naturalist," illust., The Great Divide, San Francisco, September, 1893.

"More about Audubon the Naturalist," ibid., February, 1894.

195. Duke, Basil W.:

"Audubon," Southern Magazine, vol. iii, August, 1893, pp. 3-19, portrait and illust. Louisville, 1893-1894.

196. Shufeldt, R. W., and Audubon, M. R.:

"The Last Portrait of Audubon, together with a letter to his son," The Auk, vol. xi, pp. 309-313, portrait. New York, 1894.

The original of D'Avignon's engraving, published in 1850; see No. 62.

197. Healy, George P. A.:

Reminiscences of a Portrait Painter. Chicago, 1894.

Gives an account of his successful manœuvres to obtain sittings for his portrait of Audubon in 1838.

198. Call, Richard Ellsworth:

The Life and Writings of Rafinesque. Filson Club Publications, No. 10. 4to. Pp. i-xii, 1-227. Louisville, 1895.

Takes Audubon severely to task for his treatment of Rafinesque at Henderson in the summer of 1818; see pp. 24-29.

199. "Renignolds" (E. R. Shattuck):

"Audubon's Plates sold for Junk," Forest and Stream, New York, September 12, 1896.

200. Bakewell, W. G.:

Bakewell-Page-Campbell. Being an account of the descendants of John Bakewell, of Castle Donnington, Leicestershire, England, born in 1638, &c., &c. Wm. H. Johnston & Company. Pittsburgh, 1896.

Gives genealogy of the Bakewells, and of the families of J. J., J. W. and V. G. Audubon.

201. Coues, Elliott:

"Letter by Audubon to Charles Bonaparte, dated New York, May 1, 1833," The Osprey, vol. ii. Washington, 1897.

202. Rozier, Firman A.:

Rozier's History of the early Settlement of the Mississippi Valley. 8vo., pp. 1-338. St. Louis, 1898.

See Part X for some account of the business relations of Audubon with the author's father, Ferdinand Rozier.

203. Coues, Elliott:

"William Swainson to John James Audubon, The Auk, vol. xv, pp. 11-13. Cambridge, 1898.

Letter dated "Tettenhanger Green, 2d October 1830"; reprinted in The Osprey, vols. iv and v (Washington, 1900).

204. Günther, Albert:

"The unpublished correspondence of William Swainson with contemporary naturalists (1806-1840)," Proceedings of the Linnæan Society, 112th session, pp. 14-24. London, 1900.

Lists twenty-four letters of Audubon to Swainson, dating from 1 May, 1828, to 11 Jany., 1838, with brief reference to their contents. For abstract of this paper see Theodore Gill, "Swainson's Correspondence." The Osprey, vol. v, pp. 29-30 (Washington, 1900).

205. Gill, Theodore:

"Correspondence of and about Audubon with Swainson," The Osprey, vol. v, pp. 23-25. Washington, 1900.

206. Gill, Theodore:

"William Swainson and his Times," The Osprey, vols. iv and v. Washington, 1900.

207. (Anon.):

"Recent Sales of Audubon's Works," The Osprey, vol. v, pp. 31 and 63. Washington, 1900.

Copy of The Birds of America sold by Bangs, February 6, 1896, for $1,250, and another by Sotheran, London, 1892, for £345 (about $1,725), the first with the Ornithological Biography included.

207a. Bohemian (C. S. Boutcher):

"Early Days in the Lehigh Valley," Black Diamond Express, vol. iv, pp. 3-15. New York, 1900.

Describes Audubon's visit to Mauch Chunk in 1829, and gives also a detailed account of the copy of The Birds of America formerly the property of David Eckley, of Boston, and then in possession of Robert H. Sayre, of South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (for which see Chapter XXVI, p. 7).

208. (Anon.):

"Audubon in the [American] Museum [of Natural History]," with explanatory notes by Maria R. Audubon, The American Museum Journal, vol. 1, pp. 82-84, with portrait. New York, 1900-1901.

Describes portrait of Audubon painted by his sons towards the close of his life, and given to the Museum by Mr. Fordham Morris, of New York, an oil painting of wild turkeys, the original of which was made by Audubon in 1826 for the Royal Institution of Liverpool, and several other paintings and plates. In vol. ii, page 42, of the same journal is reproduced an unpublished painting of the Red-eyed Vireo by Audubon.

209. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of William MacGillivray to John James Audubon," The Auk, vol. xviii, pp. 239-249. Cambridge, 1901.

210. Coues, Elliott:

"Auduboniana and Other Matters of Present Interest," Bird Lore, vol. iii, p. 9. New York, 1901.

210a. Clark, Edward B.:

"Relics of Audubon," Chicago Evening Post, February 7, 1901.

An account of Auduboniana and other literary rarities in possession of Mr. Ruthven Deane.

211. MacGillivray, William:

A Memorial Tribute to William MacGillivray, M.A., LL.D. Ornithologist; Professor of Natural History, Marischal College and University, Aberdeen. 4to, pp. i-xvi, 1-204, with illust. Edinburgh, 1901.

Contains sketch of MacGillivray's life and work, with an account of the monument placed over his grave, and of a beautiful memorial tablet inscribed to his memory at Marischal College, with an unpublished "Journal" by MacGillivray, and extracts from his other writings.

212. Butterworth, Hezekiah:

In the Days of Audubon; A Tale of the "Protector of Birds." Illustrated. Pp. x-xii, 1-236. New York, 1901.

213. Job, Herbert K.:

"Following Audubon among the Florida Keys," Outing, vol. xliii, pp. 71-79, illust. New York, 1903.

214. Howe, Reginald Heber:

"Audubon's 'Ornithological Biography,'" The Auk, vol. xxi, p. 286. Cambridge, 1904.

Note on volume i of the American edition, bearing the imprint: "Philadelphia: Judah Dobson, Agent, 108 Chestnut Street; and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms, 121 Chestnut Street. MDCCCXXXI." See also Ruthven Deane, The Auk, vol. xxiv, 1907, p. 111, and Nathaniel E. Janney, the same, p. 349.

This writer at one time proposed to bring out a revised edition of the Ornithological Biography, but the project was abandoned from lack of support.

215. (Anon.):

"[John James Audubon]; Notice of the Commemoration of the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of his birth," The Auk, vol. xxii, p. 334 (July). Cambridge, 1905.

See Chapter I, Note 6.

216. Deane, Ruthven:

"John James Abert to John James Audubon" (hitherto unpublished letters), The Auk, vol. xxii, pp. 172-175. Cambridge, 1905.

217. Deane, Ruthven:

"William Swainson to John James Audubon" (a hitherto unpublished letter), The Auk, vol. xxii, pp. 31-34. Cambridge, 1905.

218. Deane, Ruthven:

"William Swainson to John James Audubon," The Auk, vol. xxii, pp. 248-258. Cambridge, 1905.

219. Audubon, John W.:

Audubon's Western Journal: 1849-1850. Being the MS. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico and Arizona to the gold-fields of California. With a biographical memoir by Maria R. Audubon, and edited by Frank Heywood Hodder. Map, portrait, and original drawings. Pp. 1-250, 8vo. Cleveland, 1906.

For the original edition of Part 1 of J. W. Audubon's Journal, see No. 174 of this Bibliography.

220. Claiborne, F.:

Simple Love and Occasional Pieces in Verse, with A Notice of Audubon. Pp. 1-60. New Orleans, 1906.

221. Stone, Witmer:

"A Bibliography and Nomenclator of John James Audubon," The Auk, vol. xxiii, pp. 298-312. Cambridge, 1906.

Most complete and accurate analysis of Audubon's ornithological works yet given.

222. (Anon.):

"Abstract of Audubon's Account Books, kept at Philadelphia, while the Octavo edition of the Birds was being issued," Evening Post, New York, Saturday Supplement for December 29, 1906.

223. (Anon.):

"Original Account Book of J. J. Audubon," The Nation, vol. lxxxiv, p. 12 (June 3). New York, 1907.

See the preceding; gives interesting data regarding the issue of the first octavo edition of The Birds of America in parts, at Philadelphia, 1840-1844.

224. Deane, Ruthven:

"Unpublished Letters of Introduction carried by John James Audubon on his Missouri River Expedition," The Auk, vol. xxv, pp. 170-173. Cambridge, 1908.

225. Deane, Ruthven:

"The Copper-Plates of the Folio Edition of Audubon's 'Birds of America,' with a brief Sketch of the Engravers," The Auk, vol. xxv, pp. 401-413. Cambridge, 1908.

226. Merriam, C. Hart:

"The King Cameos of Audubon," The Auk, vol. xxv, pp. 448-450, with plate. Cambridge, 1908.

226a. Merritt, Dixon L.:

"Audubon, the Ornithologist, in Kentucky," The Taylor-Trotwood Magazine, vol. 10, pp. 293-298. Nashville, 1909.

226b. Derby, Earl of:

In letter, to Audubon, dated January 17, 1835. Reproduction of "The Eagle and the Lamb." Forest and Stream, June 26, 1909, pp. 1011-1012. New York, 1909.

227. Shufeldt, R. W., M.D.:

"An hitherto unpublished painting by Audubon," The Wilson Bulletin, N. S., vol. xii, pp. 3-5, illust. Oberlin, 1910.

Oil painting of cock and hens, but original in poor state of preservation.

228. Fitzpatrick, T. J.:

Rafinesque. A Sketch of his Life with Bibliography. 8vo., pp. 1-242, with portrait and reproductions of rare titles. Historical Department of Iowa, Des Moines, 1911.

Cites 939 separate publications by Rafinesque, numerous manuscripts and 134 Rafinesquiana.

229. Arthur, Stanley Clisby:

"John James Audubon, and the Birds of Louisiana," Times-Picayune, New Orleans, May 2, 1915.

Gives an account, with illustrations, of "Fontainebleau," and of the house at Mandeville which is regarded as "the probable birthplace" of Audubon.

230. Arthur, Stanley Clisby:

"Audubon in West Feliciana," Times-Picayune, New Orleans, August 6, 1916.

Follows Audubon's footsteps in Louisiana, and gives an interesting account, with illustrations, of the plantation houses at which Mr. and Mrs. Audubon lived at various intervals from 1821 to 1829.

231. Rhoads, Samuel N.:

"More Light on Audubon's Folio 'Birds of America,'" The Auk, vol. xxxiii, pp. 130-132. Cambridge, 1916.

232. Williams, George Alfred:

"Robert Havell, Junior, Engraver of Audubon's 'The Birds of America,'" Print-Collector's Quarterly, vol. 6, No. 3 (October), pp. 225-257, illust. Boston, 1916.

Presents a genealogy of the Havell family, and gives an excellent analysis of the work of the eminent engraver.

233. (Anon.):

"More Buried Treasure in a Noted Basement," New York Tribune, Sunday, March 11, 1917.

An appeal for a better treatment of the originals of Audubon's Birds of America. "The original charter of the New York Historical Society signifies that the organization was formed to preserve the history of the United States, and especially the history of the City of New York. If Audubon's wonderful drawings of the birds of America are not United States history and New York City history rolled into one, then what, in the name of Herodotus, Father of History, is?"

234. Townsend, Charles W.:

"In Audubon's Labrador," The Auk, vol. xxxiv, pp. 133-146, illust. Cambridge, 1917.