AN INTRODUCTORIE
Reading edition
FOR TO LERNE TO REDE,
TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY.
FOR IMPLORATION OF GRACE. Grace of God that I love so moche G race de Dieu que jayme tant I your requier ryght humbly I e uous requier treshumblement the gift of love without any further L e don damour sans plus auant of it to make any refuce E n faire aulcun refusement If ye do fynde in any wise S e uous trouués aulcunement of me service, but in trouth D e moy seruice quen loyaulté I gyve you leve utterly U ous habandonne entierement to wyll at all at your wyll U oulloir du tout a uoulenté toward me to use of great rigour U ers moy user de grant rigeur and me to banysshe from all good hap E t me bannir de tout bon heur without more of me to have pite. S ans plus de moy auoir pité. Sola salus seruire Deo, sunt cetera fraudes.
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AN INTRODUCTORIE
TO THE LADY MARY. For the honour of Mary Pour lhonneur de Marye God doughter to saynt Mary filleule a saynte Marye virgin and mother Jesu Christ vierge et mere Jhesuh Crist have these verses ben written. ont ces verse esté escripts. MARIA. glasse mesure shewynge mirouer mesure monstrant lenyng lovynge fulfilled appuis amoureus assouuie rose redde well smellyng rose rouge redolente that can nat vade yonge jolie inmarcessible jeune jolie amonge chosen exellente entre eslytes exellente for ever more be ye blessyd. a tousjours mais soyez benye. Amen.
THE PROLOGUE.
How beit that I do nat, nat knowe how that many as well lerned in good Combien que ne ignore point que pluisieurs tant qualifiéz es bonnes lettres as also well spoken in the frenche tonge (at the lest nat beyng lectres come aussy élégant en la langue francoise (au moins pour non estre naturall and borne of the lande and countrey) have composed, and written rules and naturél et natif du territoire et pais) ont composés et escripz régles et principles for introduction in the sayd tonge the whiche par aventure, as principes pour introduction en la dicte langue les quelz peult estre, come witnessed saint Hierome to Paulin, have tought before that they have ben tiesmoigne saint Hierome a Paulin, ont ensegnés auant que auoir esté conynge, for how beit that arte is folower of nature folowyng her right nygh, scauantz, car ja soit que art soit imitatrice de nature lensuiuant de bien pres,
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yet neuerthelesse can nat she ouertake her. Wherfore the sayd composytours sy ne la peult elle toutefois aconsuiuir. Pourquoy les ditz compilateurs all togyder leanyng to the same ben by nature in sondrie places checked reproued du tout adherens à icelle sont par nature en diuers lieux cancellés repris and corrected. Shulde it nat seme a thynge selde and strange to se a Frenchman et corrigéz. Ne sembleroit ce point chose rare et estrange ueoir ung Francois endeuoir and inforce himself to teche unto the Germayns the langage of Almaine: se ingerer et efforcer dapprendre aux Allemans la lange tyoise, ye and that more over is, upon the same to compyle rules and principles, how beit uoire et qui plus est, sur icelle composer régles et principes, combien that agaynst me and my reason some body myght say, that one que contre moy et ma rayson quelque ung pourroit dire que on shulde fynde no body whiche shulde teche Hebreu, Greke, nor Laten, if it were nat ne trouueroit ame qui ensegneroit Hebrieu, Grec, ne Latin, sil ne laufull to any body so to do but to him which shulde have it of nature: to whom I loisoit a auscun de ce faire sinon a celui qui laroit de nature: a quoy je answere that it is another thyng to teche and instruct by the principles respons que cest aultre chose densegnér et daprendre par les principes and reules made by divers well expertz auctours, by great space and longe proces et régles faictz par diuérs expertz aucteurs, par interualle et diuturnité of longe tyme well approved, than at the fyrst metyng and nat havyng a de long temps bien approuuéez, que de premiére abordée et nauoir ung language but meanely and as a thynge borowed to be wyllyng by and by langage que moienement et come par emprunt, en uoulloir cy pris cy mis, nat only instructe the others, but also to compyle upon the same reules non seullement ensegnér les aultres, mais aussy composér sur ce régles certayne, the whiche doyng is nat graunted but unto ryght few of them whiche infallibles, ce que scauoir faire nest ottroie a bien peu de ceulz qui ben borne of the sayd langage, for touchyng my self to whom the sayd sont mesme natif du dict langage, car touchant moy mesmes a qui la dicte tonge is maternall or naturall, and whiche by the space of therty yeres langue est maternelle ou naturelle, et qui par lespase de trente ans and more have besyed me how beit that I am ryght ignorant, to teche et plus me suis entremis (combien que soie tres ignorant) densegnér
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and instruct many great princes and princesses, as to decessed of et apprendre pluisieurs grandz princes et princesses, comme a feu de noble and recomended memory the prince Arthur, the noble kyng Henry noble et recommandée memoire le prince Arthur, le noble roy Henry for the present prosperously regnyng, to whom God gyve lyfe perpetuall: pour le present prospereusement regnant, a qui Dieu doint uie perpetuelle: the quenes of France and Scotlande, with the noble marquis of Excestre, les roynes de France et dEscosse, auec le noble marquis dExcestre, etc. for the whiche thynge to fulfyll I have done my power and dever to serche pour la quelle chose accomplir jay fait mon pouoir et debuoir de perscruter and seke all that which hath semed me to this purpose te serve: I have nat nevertheless et cercher tout ce qui ma semblé a ce propos seruir: sy nay je toutesuois founde rules infallybles, bycause that it is nat possyble to fynde any peu trouvér régles infalibles, pour ce quil nest possible de telles les suche, that is to say, suche whiche may serve without any faulte, as do trouuer, cest a dire, telles que puissent seruir infalliblement, comme font the rules compiled for to lerne Laten, Greke and Hebreu and other suche les régles composéez pour apprendre Latin, Grec et Hebrieu et autres telz languages: the whiche nevertheless the sayd compilatours have overtaken, langages: ce que neantmoins les ditz compilateurs ont entrepris te the ende that I ne say presumed to do, how beit they have nat ben but lytell (affin que ne die presumés) de faire, ja soit quilz naient esté que petit de tyme to lerne it, but now beit so that suche rules and techyng ben temps a laprendre, mais or soit ainsy que telz régles et ensegnementz soient sufficient and farre above my workes, by cause nevertheless that tressuffisans et loing par desus mes oeuures, pour ce toutes fois que now natwithstandyng myn ignorancy, I am agayne by my most redoubted maintenant (nonobstant mon ignorance) suis derechief (par mon tres redoubté lorde and prince the kynge above named, ordayned to administre myn accustomed seigneur et prince le roy dessus nommé) ordonné dadministrer mon accoustumé poore and unworthy servyce to most illustre, ryght exellente and ryght poure et indigne seruice a tres illustre, tres exellente et tres vertuouse lady my lady Mary of Englande his ryght entierly well beloved uertueuse dame ma dame Mary dEngleterre sa tres entierement bien aymée
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doughter, the whiche right specially and straytly hath me commanded and fille, laquelle tres espécialement et estroitement ma comandé et encharged to reduce and to put by writtynge the maner how I have proceded enchargé de reduire et mectre par escript la maniere coment jay procédé towarde her sayd progenitours and predecessours, as that same also by the which enuers ses dictz progeniteurs et predecesseurs, come celle aussy par la quelle I have her so so taught, and do teche dayly whiche to refuse, je lay tellement quellement instruit, et instruis journellement, ce que refuser nat withstandynge the reasons above sayd alleged, I durst nat, nor wolde nat (nonobstant les raisons dessus dictes alleguée) noseroie ne uouldroie, how beit that I am ryght well assured to merite more for and by cause of myn combien que soie tres asseuré de plus meriter pour et cause de mon obedience than by any seruice or sacrifyce that to her I may do, fulfyllyng obedience que par aulcun seruice ou sacrifice que luy puisse prestér, accomplissant her most noble and gracious comandement, gratious say I, by cause son tresnoble et gracieux comandement, gracieus dis je, pour ce that her beniuolence and good wyll is to proffite to others as to que sa beniuolence et bon uoulloir est de prouffiter aux aultres come a herselfe, wherfore I supplie and require all reders the causes and reasons elle mesme, pourquoi je suplie et requier tous lecteurs les causes et raisons aboue sayd contempled and consydered to have me for to be excused, and ther dessus dictes contempléez et consideréez mauoir pour excusé, et la where they shall se the good Homer have ben aslepe to be wyllyng by good maner où ilz verront le bon Homère auoir dormy le uoulloir par bonne maniere to wake him, in correctyng the fautes in the whiche by cause of the same he is esueiller en corrigeant les faultes esquelles a cause de ce il est fallin, the whiche doyng they shall deserve nat only to be lauded and praysed, encouru, ce que faisantz ilz mériteront nonseullement destre loués et prisés, but also in theyr workes and operations taxed and estimed of maner mais aussy en leurs euures et operations taxés et estimés de maniere lyke, and to the same answeryng. reciprocque et corespondent.
ENDE OF THE PROLOGUE.
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HERE AFTER FOLOWETH THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT TREATYSE.
This lytle worke shalbe devided in two bokes, wherof the fyrst shal have two partes.
In the fyrst part shalbe treated of rules, that is redyng frenche, and what letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.
The seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with verbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.
Also certayne rules for conjugations.
Item fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.
Item conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining or joinyng II verbes togeder.
The second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.
Also diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from the emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.
Also other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of warres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with the division of tyme, and other conseites.
FINIS.
A PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.
The thynges that directely expressed maye nat be ought to be declared Les choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez by syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to many par sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par silence on respond a pluisieurs thynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and prolixite choses. Sincopation nest aultre chose quabreuiacion de prolixite, et prolixite is superfluitie of wordes in declarying a thyng. Wherfore in all est superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes workes one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the name oeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou nom of God all mighty and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng by the de Dieu tout puissant et lacheuerons a laide diceluy, procedant par le counsayle of Orace, whiche is as shorte as possible shalbe. conseil dOrace, qui est le plus brief que possible sera.
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HERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.
THE FYRST
is howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye a, e, i, o, and v, shalbe sounded in redyng french.
Ye shal pronounce your a, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your e, as ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your a in englysshe; your i, as sharpe as can be; o, as ye do in englyssh, and v after the Skottes, as in this worde gud. These fyve uowels be consonantes when they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde jamais the fyrst a is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.
Example of e, as déité and magesté, where bothe ees of deite be uowels, and the fyrst of magesté is a consonant and the seconde is a uowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of ees in french be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn. Example of consonantes
me, the, hym, that, of, the, do, to say, to put, oure, your, me, te, se, que, de, le, faire, dire, mectre, nostre, vostre,
wher is never a uowel. All the
ees
that shalbe uowels in this present boke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus
é
.
THE SECONDE RULE.
Also in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde unsounde, endyng in s, t, and p, save of the same worde wherupon ye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe, that is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and sounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an s, have the next worde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said s, lyke a z, as in these wordes jamais aultres ye shal rede jamaiz aultre (never others) , as it were but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the s be a consonant, than shall the said s remayne unsounde, as in these wordes jamais narés, (never shall ye have) the s of jamais shall nat be sounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor rest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.
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THE THYRDE RULE.
Whan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after begyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes, but in you have que en uous, ye shall rede quen uous, and
I me have I the have I him have je me ay, je te ay, je le ay, ye shall rede je may, je tay, je lay,
and so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in Fraunce, as tu as, thou hast. Where bothe uowels must be sounde, howbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng tas for tu as, tes for tu es, thou arte. And if ye fynde two ees endynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these wordes,
it is with the well il te est bien, ye shall rede il test bien.
And of e, and a, as in these wordes que a, but te, ye shall rede qua. Of e, and o, as in these wordes, que on, but one, ye shal rede quon. Of a and o, as in these wordes, pourra on, may one, ye shall rede pourran. And in lyke maner of all other of that termynation.
THE FOURTH RULE.
An s, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe appere by these wordes folowyng,
wyse, wylde sage, sauuage, sapient, etc.
but in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be sounded lyke a z, as in these wordes
I sayde I dyd I brake I holde peace. disoie, faisoie, brisoie, taisoie, etc.
THE FYFTH RULE.
Whan st dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than the sayde s shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde of the sayde uowell, as in these wordes
to wast to taste to haste, gaster, taster, haster, ye shall rede gaater, taater, haater. And myne hoste come agayne anone mon hoste reuenes tantost: ye shall rede mon hoote reuenes tanto:
ye shall nevertheles except al those that be nyghe the latyn, as
to protest to shewe, to withstande: protester, manifester, contester,
and suche lyke, whiche must have the sayd s, well and parfitly sounded and pronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and infallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.
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THE SIXT RULE.
There is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation of plurarite dothe ende with an s, or with a z, for without he same they be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke
worde fyste write a lefe mot, puing, escript, feullet,
whiche be all synguler nombres: and if ye do adde a z, at the latter ende of them, than are they plurell nombres, as
motz, puingz, escriptz, feulletz:
and than shall ye nat sounde the letter before the sayd z, redynge
mos, puins, feullés.
And lyke wise whan a worde hath a p, or b, in the myddes endyng the syllable, ye shall leaue them unsounde, as in these wordes and suche lyke,
dewtie, dette, to write, debuoir, debte, escripre: ye shal rede deuoir, det, escrire.
But whan they do begyn the worde or the syllable, than shall they be pronounced, as these wordes,
putte away debated to breke deboute, debatu, debriser, etc.
THE SEVENTH RULE.
There is two maner of wordes harde for to be pronounced in french. The fyrst is written with a double ll whiche must be souned togider, as lla, lle, lly, llo, llu, as in these wordes,
gave cutte gader lefe bayly fayle bailla, tailla, ceulle, feulle, bally, fally, white knele a tymer hamer full of leaves moullet, engenoullet, mallot, feullu, houllu.
The seconde maner harde to pronounce ben written with gn, before a uowell, as gna, gne, gni, gno, gnu. As in these wordes
wan dyd blede lyne combe vyne scabbe felowe gagna, saigna, ligne, pigne, uigne, tigne, compagne, swell wanton wanton laigne, mignon, mignarde,
ye shal except many wordes that be so written and nat so pronounced, endyng specially in e, as
worthy swanne hyghe corage digne, cigne, magnanime, etc.
They that can pronounce these wordes in latyn after the Italians maner, as (agnus, dignus, magnus, magnanimus) have bothe the understandyng and the pronouncynge of the sayde rule and of the wordes. Ye shall fynde many suche among the nownes, uerbes, and adverbes that herafter be folowynge, the whiche shall have the double l, thus written ll, besyde the word and gn, besyde the tother.
THE NAMES OF MEMBRES LONGYNG TO MANNES BODY ASWELL INWARDE AS OUT WARDE.
the heed or chyfe le chief the scoull la teste the heeres les cheueulz
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womens heares les tresches the busshe la cheuelure the perwyke la perrucque the heares ll. la cheuechalle the forhed le front the temples les temples the browes les sourcilz the visage le visage the berde la barbe the face le viaire the face la face the eye or eyes loeul the eyes les yeux the lydde la paulpiere the lyddes les paulpieres the ball of the eye la pupille the nose le naes the nose thrilles ll. les narilles the chekes les joes the nether chekes les bajoes the eare loreille the eares les oreilles the mowth la bouce beastes mowthe la geule the lyppes les leures the tonge la langue the rouf of the mowth le palais or ou palet the teeth les dentz the gommes les genciues the jaws les machoires the inward jawes les mandibulles the chynne le menton the throte bo?te le gosier the gorge la gargate the gorge la gorge the necke le col the knot of the neck le neu du col the hole of the necke la fosse du col the kenel of the necke la canol du col the sholder lespaule the armes les bras the elbowe la coude the elbowes les coudes the fyste le puing the fystes les puingz the hande la main the handes les mains the bat of the hande le dos de la main the balle of the hande la paulme the balles les paulmes the finger le doigt the fingers les doigz the thombe le poulce the thombes les poulces the jointe la joincte the joyntes les joinctes
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the naile longle the nayles les ongles the brest la poictrine the forke of the brest la fourcelle the breste la mamelle the brestes les mamelles the body le corps the wast le fauz du corpz the holes under the armes les esselles the bely le uentre the nauyl le nombril the backe le dos the chyne leschine the rayns les rains the buttockes les fesses the buttocke la fesse the hippe la hanche the hippes les hanches the grynes les ames the nether beerde la penilliere the thighe la cuisse the thighes les cuisses the knee le genouil the knees les genoulz the hamme le jaret the hammes les jaretz the legge la jambe the legges les jambes the chyne boone la greue or the backe of ou le dos de the legge la jambe the calfe of the legge le pomeau the ancle ll. la cheuille the ancles ll. les cheuilles the hele le talon the foote le pied the feetes les piedz the back of the foote le dos du pied the soole la plante the sooles les plantes the great too le graunt orteil the toes les orteilz THE INWARD MEMBRES. the braine le cerueau the hering louye the sight la ueue the smellyng lolfact the smellyng le flairer the taste le goust the telynge le taste the chawyng le macer the swalowyng laualler the hert le ceur the stomake lestomac the galle le feil the leuer le foie the lyver le gisier
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the longe le poulmo the mylte lesplene or the mylte ou la rate or mylte ou ratelle the bledder la uessie the kydneys gn. les rognons the uryne lurine the guttes les boiaulz the small guttes les intestins thinward part of the bely ll. les entrailles the gader la coree the blode le sang the coller la colere the melancoly la melencolie the fleame le flegme the senewes les nerfz the ueynes les uaines the ueynes of the puls les arteres the pulse le pulse the rybbes les costes the bones les os the brethe lalaine the spyttell la saliue the spyttyng le crachat OTHER NAMES BEYNG IN MAN. the soule lame the spyrite lesperit the wytte le sens the wyll le uoullior the wyll la uoullente the rayson la raison the memory la memoire the understandyng lentendement the thought la pensée the ymagination limagination the jugement le jugement the opynyon lopinion the stomake le courage the hardynesse la hardiesse the cowardnesse la couardise feblenesse of corage la lacheté the feare la peur the truthe la uerité the leasyng le mensonge the drede la crainte the ferefulnesse lespouantement the strength la force the feblenesse la foiblesse the mansuetude la debonaireté the angrefull disposition la felonie the malyce la malice the cruelnesse la cruaulté the goodnesse la bonté the frowardnesse la mauuaisté the peace la paix the rest le repos the trouble le trouble
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the labour ll. le trauaill the stedfastnesse la constance the unstedfastnesse la uariableté the hatered la hayne the frendship lamitié the joye la joye the sorowe la tristesse the heuynesse lennuy the rejoysyng le rejouissement the angre le corous the sporte lesbatement the wrath lire the pacyence la pacience the pride lorgeul the mekenesse lhumilité the envy lenuie the charyte la charité the dilygence la deligence the lytell corage la pusillanimité the glotony la glotonnie the sobernesse la sobrieté lechery luxure the chastyte la chasteté coueytyse conuoitise lyberalytie liberalité auaryce auarice waste prodigalité to go about rychesse ambicion wylfull pouertie uoluntaire poureté boostyng la uantance presumptuous larrogance the truthe in lyueng la preudomie the falsehed la faulceté the lyfe la uie the dethe la mort the youthe la jeunesse the age ll. la uiellesse the ignorauncy lignoraunce the wysdome la sagesse the byrth la neissance the chyldhode lenfance the feblenesse la debilité the manhood la uirilité the foulenesse la turpitude the honeste lhonnesteté the insolency linsolence the stablenes la fermeté the bondage la seruitude the fredome la liberté the honoure lhonneur the shame la honte the rychesse la richesse the nedynes la poureté the sikenes la maladie the helth la santé the pourete lindigence the plente la plenté
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the plenty labondance the nigardnes la chiceté the rudenes la rudesse the swyftness la promptitude the inclynation la propension facyle inclynation la procliuité the desyre to slepe lassoupissement the quyckenesse la uiuacité the graunt lottroy the denyeng le deniement the heate la challeur the coldnesse la froydure the drynesse la seicheur the moystnesse lhumidité the laughyng le rire the wepyng le plourer the complaynyng le playndre the lamentyng le lamenter the yexyng le sanglouter the neesyng lesternuer the snowring le ronfler the syghynges le souperer syghes soupirs the yexynges les sanglous the spyttyng le cracher to blowe the nose le mouchér the slepynge le dormir the watchyng le ueillier the slepe le sompne the dreamyng le songer the drinkyng le boire the eatynge le menger the sacyate le saoul the hungry le familleus THE NAMES OF WOMENS REMENTES. the smocke le chemisse the coler le colet the sleves les manches the gussettes le goucerons the surfyls les ourletz the seames les coustures the kyrtell le corset the krytell la cottelette the petycote la cotte simple the gowne la robbe the placharde le placart the cuffes les bonbardes the purfyll la bordure the lynynge la doublure the furre la fourrure the under gyrdell le demy chaint the gyrdell la chainture the purse la bourse the pyncase lespinceau or the case for pynnes ou lespinglier the heed atayre lattour the frenche hode le chapperon a plis
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the bonette le bonnet the crispynes les crespines the frontler of velvet ll. les beatilles the templettes les templettes the partelet le gorgias the necke kerchef la colerette the kercher le ceuurechief the partelet le colet the partelet le colier the bracel le bracelet the tache lesgrappe the ringes les aneaulz the owche la bague to close the necke kercher ll. le fermall a broche lafficque an image limage the gabardine la gauardine the tipet la cornette the cloke le manteau the bone grace le moufflet the knyves les coulteaus the beedes les patenostres the hande kercher lesmouchail the hande kercher ou mouchoir the lace le lacz the small lace le lacet the combe le pigne the lye la lessiue the gloves les gantz the tymble le does the nydel ll. lesguille the pynnes les espingles the brusshe to les espoussettes, la uerge a swepe esterdre the hooses les chausses the garters les jartiers the pynson showes les eschapins the showes les soliés the buskyns les brousequins the slyppars les pantouffles the sheres les forces the small sheres ou forcettes MENS REMENT. the sherte la chemisse the doublet le pourpoint the coote le seon or say the jacquete la jacquete the jacquete le hecqueton the gowne la robbe the partelet le colet the hat le chapiau lappe of man la tocque the cappe le bonnet the hoode le chaperon the gyrdel la chainture the sworde lespee
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the spanische sworde la rapiere the dagar la dague the bagge la gibessiere the purse la louiere the purse laulmoniere the bootes les botes the bootes les houseaus the spores les esperons the shylde lescu the paueys la parme a great buccler la taloche the buccler le bouclier the camell le camiau the drommadary le dromadaire the asse lasne the horse le cheual and all beestes et touttes bestes bearyng sadyls portant selles or fardels ou fardeau or packes ou uoiture have nede ont mestier of packe sadyls or of de batz ou de saddyls, the whiche selles, les quelles have a pomell a pommeau backe and boweth dos et archons sursyngles soursangles and pannels et paneaus than the heed puis la testierre, stall, reyne, and resne, et byttes, make the mors, font la bridell bride the petrell le poitral the gyrthes les sengles the styroppes les estries the styrop ledders les estriuieres the crouper la croupiere the buckeles les boucles and the nayles et les clous that one can nat quon ne peult make nor forge faire ne forger without the anuyle sans lenclume the fyle the la lime, le hammer marteau the pyncettes ll. les tenailles the coles les charbons with the fyre auec le feu ayre, water, and aire, eaue et erthe, with the terre, auec le smyth marechall or locker ou serrurier THE CHAMBRE. the bedde le lict the bolster le trauersin or the bolster ou le chauet the pyllowes ll. les oreilliers the blankettes les blanchetz the shetes les linceulz
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the couerlette le couuertoir the sparuer le ciel the sparuer ll. le pauillon the curtyns les courtines the hangyng la tapisserie the carpettes les tapis uelus the quyishens les carriaus all one les coissins the bedde portatyve le lict de camp the bedstede le chalict the borde la table the trestels les tresteaus the forme le banc the chayres les chaieres the stools les escabelles the forte stoole le marce pied the table cloth la nape the napkyns les seruiettes the salt le sel the salt saler la saliere the chafyng dysshe la chauffette the spones les cuillieres the trenchers les trenchoirs the platters les platz the dysshes les escuelles the sawcers les saussiers the bred le pain the fleshe la cher the butter le beurre the chese le fromage the egges les oeufz the whyte wyn le uin blanc the claret le claret the rede darke ll. le uermeill the wyne red le uin rouge ypocras ypocras the waffers les oubliez the succades la succad the confittes la dragerie the confections les confitures the coup borde le buffet the pottes les potz the flagons les flagons the couppes les couppes the boles les tasses a genial name for cuppes les hanapz the gobbelettes les gobeletz the glasses les uoires and the water et leau for to washe them pour les rincer the bacin le bacin the ewer lesguiere THE KECHIN. the mayster coke le sommelier the yoman coke les cuisinies gromes of the kechin uarletz de cuisin turne broches les galopins
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the pottes les potz the pannes les poelles the caudrons les chaudrons the spyttes les hastiez the spyttes les broches the morters les mortiers the pestels les pestiaus the serces les tamis the stamels les estamines the instrument for to larde le lardeur the bacon le lard the mustarde la moustarde the grene sauce la sausse uerde the gambon le jambon the befe le beuf the bull le tor the cowe la uache the calfe, vele le ueau the mutton le mouton the sholder lespoule the gygot, a brest le gigot the chyne leschine the rybbes les costes the necks le colet the trotters les trottins the lambe gn. lagneau the heed la teste the gader or nombles la couree the skynne la piau the ramme le belin the ewe la brebis the he gotte le bouc the she gotte la chieuure the swyne or hogge le pourceau the boore le uerrart the boore le uer the wylde boore le senglier the sowe la truye the pygge le cochon HAUKES OF PRAY SYXTENE KYNDES. the egle laigle gerfaucon gerfau the tercell gerk sacres sacres the tercell sacretz falcons faulcons the tercell tierceletz lenners lainers lanerettes laneretz meryllons ll. esmerillons hobbeys hobriaus goshaukes austours tercels tierceletz uperhaukes esparuiers muskettes mouchetz crystrels cretreulles the thrusshe mauluis
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the cocowe coucou cocowe cocou glede mellans puttockes escoufles the blewe kyte faulz perdrier bussardes busartz bruhiers bruhiers greater than the egle uoultoires the ducke oule le duc chahuan the oule le chahuan the lytell oule la chouette the ravyn le corbiau the crowe la cornaille the highwale lespec the unthatche le picmars the dawe le canne the pye la pie the pye lagace the jaye le jay the henne la poulle the henne le geline the chekyns les poucins the cocke le coc the capon le chappon the partryche la perdris the yong partryches les pertriaus the fesaunt le faisant the dove le coulomb the rynged dove le ramier the stocke dove le creuset the turtle dove la tourtrelle the pygions les pigeons the cormorande le cormorain the wodcocke la becasse the quayle la quaille the larke lalouette the plouuer le pluuier the lapwyng le uaniau the crane la grue the bustarde lautarde the pecoke le paon the swanne le signe the goose louoye wylde souuage tame domenche the barnacle le barnacle the gander le jar the goslynges les oisons the heyron le heron the shoveler le trublet theggret laigret the byttour le buto the storke la cigoin the malarde le malard the malarde le canart the ducke la canne the ducke lanette
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the ducklyns les annetons the coote la joudelle the coote la blarie the teyle le cercelle the starlyng lestourneau the star lesprohon the felde fare la griue the osyll le merle the sparowe le passereau the sparowe le moisson the fynche le pinchon the blewe back and redbrest la pioue the wagtayle la bergieronnet the wagtayle le hochecul the grene fynche le frion the grene fynche la verdiere the gold fynche la cardinotte the lynnet la linotte the coldmouse la messange the nyghtyngale gn. le rossignol rocyn redbrest la robaille the wrenne le rotelet FRUTES. cherys cherises small cherys guingues great cherys gascongnes small cherys merises [missing] cormes [missing] sorbes raspyse franboises gose berrys groiselles strawberys freses apples pommes perys poires plummes prunes dampsons prunes de damas peches pesches mulberys moures melons melons gourdes gourdes coucumbers coucombres granades grenades orenges orenges openarses mesles medlers neffles chestayns gn. chatangnes walnottes nois fylberdes nois franches small nottes noisettes WHYT MEATES. custardes dariolles flawnes flans tartes tartes pasteys pastés frytters bignetz VENESON. the harte le cerf
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the hynde la biche the bucke le dain the doe la daine the robucke le saillant the robucke la capreolle the robucke le cheuriau the hare le leure the watte le leurart the conys les connis the rabettes les lapriaus the rabettes les lapins FYSHES. alose or shaddes aloses eeles ll. anguilles whelkes balaines barbyls barbeaus base bars breames bresmes pykes brocetz carpes carpes haddockes cableaus myllers thombes caboceaus congers congres coccles cocques crabbes crabbes dogge fysshe chien de mer cheuyns chieuennes shrimpes creuettes porpasse daulphin sturgyons esturgeons smeltes espelans creuice deau douce escreuice goienne gougeons crevyce of the see houmars whyte heryng harenc blanc reed heryng harenc sor lampreys lamproiez loches loches makerell macreaus muskels moulles whytynges melans mullettes muletz the see swyne marsouin oysters hiutres perches perces plaise plais ray or thornbacke rayes roches roches husses roussettes rochettes rougetz salmons saulmons solles solles tonyne toninnes tenches tences gournardes tumbes trowtes treute turbottes turbot
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menews uerron [missing] uendoise TREES. the almande tre amandier thelder aulne hau thorne bearing aubespin portant the beris curelles wodde, tymber bois, fust tymber fewell mairien laigne fagottes faceaus, fagotz logges buches kyndlyng fagottes bourreez barberis barberis boxe buis heyth bruiere busshes buissons byrche bouill a place full of hasels couldrieres hasell couldre chestayne tree chataignier chery tree cherisier honysocle tre eiebrou all one chieurefeul tyller of a crosbowe cormier cornus ll. cornillier oke beryng chesnes portant acornes glandz cipre tree cipres quyne aple tre coingz palmier datiers maples errables thornes blacke espines noire and whyte et blanche eglentine esglentier biche or the tre fou ou haitre that beareth qui porte the maste foynes figge tre figuier raspis tre francboisier ashe fresne small chery tre guinguier the same agayne badeolier wylde cherys merisier great chery tre gascongnier gowsbery tre groiselier grenade tre grenadier browme genistres the pocke tre gaiaqz ou eban holy or holme houll jue yerre jenoper jenopure ewe iff firres or gost songniarins ou rauenelles the bay tre laurier more bery tre mourier medler meslier
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opyners tre nefflier walnot tre noier basels noisiers oliue tre oliuiers wylows or osiers osiers orange tre orengiers elmes ourmes aple tre pommiers peerre tre poiriers plomme tre pruniers peche tre peschiers pinaple tre pins plane planes poplar tre poupeliers rosiers rosiers breeres rouces rosmarie rosmarins fyrs sapins the place of wilowes saussoie wylowes saus serues tre seruiers elder tre sehuc aspes trembles tron a lytell tre trosne vynes uignes cornes bledz whette fourment rye seigle daruell iuraie all one jargerie all one or zizany droe ootes auaine barley myll orge myll beanes febues peeses pois great peeses cices small peeses ll. lentilles small beanes lupins all one lobis ryse rifz fetche uesche hempe sede canebuise line side linuuy rape side nauette mostard syde senneué strawe estrain straw or hay feurre hey foyn litter or chaff paille pease strawe pesas mele flour farine fleur branne tercou alle one son trowgh mayt paste levyn paste leuain to knede pestrir ouuen four
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to put in the ouuen enfourner { white { blanc { brede { black pain { bis { { brown { brun NAMES OF OFFICERS REGALLES. the great master le grand maistre the steward le maistre dhostel the great chamberlayn le chambrier the second chamberlin le chamberlain the cuppe bearer le echanson the seuer le pannetier sergeantes officers le somellier master of horses le grant escuier the squier under him lescuier descurie the great hownter le grant ueneur the master of hawkes le grant faulconner the master of the forest le verdier the see la mer of the see la marinne of the see in the masculin marin the tyde marée springe sourjon springe sourse fountayne fontaine riuer riuiere the shawre riue a furde le gué the poole le uiuier the great poole lestant the hole la fosse the dykes les fosses the broke le rieu the broke or chenell le ruisseau cysterne citerne a shyppe nauire a barge nef a shyppe bote scaffe a lytell bote nacelle a ferry bote bac a square bote bacquet a lytell barge chalan all one santine a whery cymbe to suche flocke a tel aumaille suche shepherde tel bergier { of shepe { de brebis { flocke { of gotes ung { de chieures tropeau { { of kyne { de uaches { { of mares { de jumentz stoude of stalons haras destalons of coltes de poulains PROPERTES OF BEESTES. a man dothe syng ung homme chante an asse ung asne recane a cowe lowes une uache mugist a shepe bletes une brebis beste a wolfe and a ung loup et ung
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dogge houles chien hulent the cat and the lyon le chat et le lion grynneth groulent a hogge ung pourceau groneth grongne a chorle hommeth ung uillain or grudgeth hongne a dogge barketh ung chien abaie a foxe and ung renart et an otter panteth ung putois glatissent the serpentes hysses les serpens siblent the byrdes les oiseauz chermes and chattereth jargonent et degoisent the man is well lhomme est bien shaped, that hath the fourmé, qui a le troncke ryght, and the tronc droit, et le remenaunt lyke tige semblable longe long, longue shorte court, courte brefe brief, briefue great grand, grande groose gros, grosse dimynutyve groset, grossette small or sclender gresle fatte gras, grasse thynne delié tenue small menu menue thycke espes espesse thycke or rype drue drue lyght legier legiere hevy pesant pesante holowe creu creuse hole or sounde entier entiere solude massif massifue streyght estroit estroite large large largeur ynough plenté all one prou plentie foison inough assés ynough lytell assés pou all one assés petit to moche trop more lesse plus moins nygarde escars, escarse softe mol molle harde dur dure duret durette lyar menteur mentresse swete douls doulce bytter amer amere bytternesse amertume vyle ord orde foule sal salle spotted souillé souillée vyllayne villain villaine craver truand truande
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begger belitre, belitresse lepre pouacre infect knave coquin coquine begger kemand kemande boy gyrle garcon garce boy gyrle hardeau hardele glotton gourmand gourmande malapert cocard cocarde lykerous friand friande wanton mignon mignart wanton woman mignarde lyar mensongier mensongiere jester bourdeur bourderesse beggler trompeur trompeuse jangler cacqueteur cacquetresse reprover ramponeur ramponeresse hore monger paillard hore paillarde hore monger ribauld hoore ribaulde hoore monger putier hoore putain baude macreau macquerelle a thefe laron a she thefe laronnesse
SALUTATYONS IN FRENCHE, WHICHE MAY BE TOURNED TWO MANER WAYES, AS WHAN YE SAYE IN ENGLISSHE, GOD GYVE YOU GOOD MOROWE, YE MAY SAYE, GOOD MOROWE GYVE YOU GOD, AS YE SHALL SE HERE FOLOWYNGE. good morowe bon jour good yere bon an good evenyng bon vespre good evyn bon soir good nyght bonne nuyt good meetyng bon encontre good joye bon joie
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me good lyfe and longe me me bonne vie et longue me the good fortune the te bonne fortune te God hym gyve good prosperyte and to you him gyve God Dieu luy doint bonne prosperité et a vous luy doint Dieu us well to prospere us nous bien prosperer nous you good lucke you vous bon heur vous them good begynnyng them leurs bon commencement leurs good meane bon moien good ende, and well to fynisshe bon fin, ou bien acheuer well to lyve, well to dye bien uiure, bien mourir good helthe bonne sante paradyse at the ende paradis en la fin the hole, or the fulfyllyng of your desyres lentier ou laccomplissement de vos desirs God kepe, God blesse, God save, God gyde you. Dieu gart, Dieu benie, Dieu sauue, Dieu uous conduye. God be within, God be your helpe, God be wyllynge to helpe you, Dieu soit ceans, Dieu vous soit en aide, Dieu vous veulle aider, God kepe you from yvell and trouble, I bydde you farwell, God be with you, Dieu vous garde de mal et dencombrier, a dieu vous dis, a dieu soiez, I take my leave of you, farwell tyll we se agayne. adieu sans adieu, adieu jusques au reueoir.
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THE GENERATION OF COLOURS WITH THE BLASON OF THEM.
Colour is lyght incorporate in a body visyble pure and clene. There Coulleur est lumiere incorporée en ung perspectif pur et nect. Ilz ben two dyfference of perspectyves, the one is pure, separate of erthlynesse, sont deux difference de perspectifz, lung est pur, séparé de terrestréité, and the tother is spotted by the same and myxed lyght is devyded in et lautre est coinquiné par icelle et mixtioné lumiere est four partes, that is to say clere, darke plentuous or scant, whiche is to understande quadri-partite, cest a dire clere, obscure habondante et rare, qui est a entendre great or small. Wherfore it appereth that thre thynges dothe cause grande ou petite. Pourquoy il appert que trois choses causent the essence of whythnesse, that is to say, clerenesse with habundaunce of the same, lessence de blancheur, cest a scauoir, clarté avec multitude dicelle, and a body visyble clene and pure. And thre thynges lykewyse ben cause of et ung perspectif pur et nect. Et trois choses semblablement sont cause de blacke colour, it is to say, lyght, darke with scarsnesse of it, and coulleur noir, cest a scauoir, lumiere, obscure auec paucite dicelle, et perspectyve unclene. And by this is open the sayeng of Arystotell, and of Avenrois, perspectif impur. Et par ce est esclarcy le dict dAristote et de Avenrois, whiche have put blacknesse for privation and whytnesse for habytude qui ont mis noircheur pour priuacion et blancheur pour habitude or forme. And knowe ye that in these two colours lyeth all the others. ou forme. Et sachés quen ces deux coulleurs gisent toutes les aultres. mournyng blacke deul noir sable mekenesse whyte sylver humilite blanc argent pride reed orgeul rouge geule love grene amoureus verd sinople stedfast blewe constant bleu asure
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gyle darke blewe deception pers werynes tawny fatygation tauné possessyon yelowe jouissance jaulne hoope gray esperance gris purple magesté pourple blody colour cherité sanguin vyolette trahison violet flour of peche tree fleur de pescier carnatyon dissymulation carnation chaungeable changeant pale pale darke colour pasle blesme obscur deed colour horse flesshe coulleur morte cher de cheual
HERE FOLOWETH DYVERS REASONS WITH SOME STRANGE WORDES FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE FRENCHE TONGE.
Out sette the hevynesse of slepe vayne and longe, a quyete slepe Hors mis lentommissement du somne vain et long, ung taisible dormir is right necessary and delycious. est tres necessaire et delicieus. A man doutfull and suspect of jelous is sone converted and tourned in Ung homme doubteus et soupeconeus est tost conuerty et tourné en smerte. cusancon.
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A man alredy luke warme in deedly hete, kyndled of angre and Homme desja tiéde en mortelle challeur, embrasé de corous et madde of dispayre. forsené de désespoir. A goodly lady, meke, trymmed, currteyse: damosell stedfast, symple, Dame gaillarde, benigne, cointe, courtoise: damoiselle constant, symple, chaste, shamefast and honest. chaste, pudique et honeste. A woman dishonest, redy to fall, shamelesse, wanton, subtyle, paynted Femme impudicque, lubricque, affrontée, mignarde, affaitée, fardée and disceyvable. et rusée. A gyrle havyng laughyng eyes, full of swete promyse, bearyng wytnesse Une garce aiant yeulx riantz, plains de doulx promettre, faisant foy of a wanton wyll. dung voulloir feminin. He is worthy of prayse, whiche enforceth him to gete by vertue greater Il est digne de louenge, qui senforce dacquerer par vertu plus haulte lyght, for of it to sparcle the beames through all the worlde. lucence pour en espandre les rais par tout le monde. It is folly to set our trust in thynges whiche shall fall sythe that we knowe Cest folie de nous fier ez choses qui cherront puisque cognoissons selfely the soveraygne lyghtnesse to be darked of a lyght cloude. neiz les souuerains resplendisseurs estre obscurciez dune legiere nuée. O fortune, sorowe encreasyng, and slombryng all delyces with great blame O fortune, doulleur aggrauant, et soupissant tous delices, a grant tort a body by a lytell immoderate colere, doth angre hymself agaynst une personne par ung petit de colere immoderée, se indigne contre his frende, at the lest without a faute goyng before. son amy, au moins sans prealable offence. It is shame to a noble person with his strength to darke his honour Cest honte a une noble personne selon sa force obscurcir son honneur by his shame. par ses hontes.
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If the humayne inclynation, whiche is wont for the most parte to refuse that Se lhumaine propension, qui seult pour la plus part refuser ce which one to him doth ministre for most necessary, is nat somwhat restrayned, quon luy administre pour plus necessaire nest aulcunement cohibée, scante shalbe able in any scyence to profyte. a paine pourra en aulcune science prouffiter. We be right nygh clevyng the one to the other, bycause of naturall Nous sommes de pres adherentes les ung des aultres, a cause de naturalle inclynation, specially havyng symilytude of maners togyder. procliuité, signament aiantz confirmité de meurs ensemble. Those whiche by dignyties ben shewed above others ought to then Ceulz qui par dignites sont prééminence par dessus les aultres deueroient sample of God, to put downe their pride and highnesse. selon Dieu, rabaisser leur crestes et haultesses. To do the contrary is an infortunate accident springyng of malyce, and Faire au contraire est ung fortuit accident procedant de malice, et yeldyng a man right dull, wherfore for nat to be gainsayeng and rendant ung homme fort empos, pour quoy pour non estre restif et refusyng good counsayle: it is farre better to sustayne a good quarell, oppugnant bon conseil, trope mieulx vault soubstenir bonne querelle, than to yelde hymselfe in suche trouble. que de soy rendre en telle berelle.
Pronownes devyded by the sixe articles of declynation, both synguler and plurell nombre. And these that ende in a, as ma, ta, sa, la, ben all feminyn. And all those that dothe ende in on, and in e, as mon, ton, son; me, te, se, le, ben all masculyne. And mien, tien, sien, synguler nombre and masculyn, miens, tiens, siens; mes, tes, ses, plurell nombre and masculyn. Mienne, tienne, sienne, singuler; miennes, tiennes, siennes, plurell nombre and feminyn. But there ben certayne names of the femynyn, whiche do requyre the pronownes masculyns that must be excepted, as mon ame, mon hotesse, and suche lyke: where both ame and hotesse ben femynyn gender, and monmasculyn. And me, te, se, ben indifferent, as in these wordes:
he (she) sayth to me, he (she) saith to the, he (she) saith to him; il, (elle) me dit, il (elle) te dit, il (elle) se dit;
where me, te, se, serve
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I, of me, to me, at me, o me, bothe for the masculyn and femynin. Je, de moy, a moy, a me, a moy, o moy, for me, to me, of me. our, we, ours; of ours, to us, pour moy, a moy, de moy. Plurell, nos, nous, nostres; les nostres, a nous, by our. for Thou, of the, to the; by the: o thou, par nos. O nous, o nos, pour nous. Tu, de toy, a toy; par te, par toy: o tu, o toy: by the. your, you, of yours; to you, by your, o ye: by you. He par toy. Plurell, vos, vous, des vostres; a vous, par vos, o vous: pour vous. Il she, he, him; that same the same, that same, that or this. They, they, elle; cil, luy; celuy, celle, icelle, icelluy, cestuy, ceste. Ilz, ceulx, elles, them, those. What, howe, which, the which, of whom, to have. celles, icelles, eulz, iceulz. Que, qui, quel, lequel, laquelle, de qui, a cui, by whom, the whiche. My, myne: to my, of my, myne: for par quel, quelz, laquelle, lesquelles. Mon, mien: a mon, de mon, mien: pour me, for my: for myne: o my, o myne, for me, for me, pour mon: pour le mien, par le mien: o mon, o my, o mien: pour me, pour myne, for Plurell nombre, Thy, my, his: thy, my, his: mien, pour mon. Mes, miens, mienne, miennes, Ta, ma, sa: tes, mes, ses: thyne, myne, his: tiens, miens, siens: miennes, tiennes, siennes.
Example for the femynin:
Ma mere, ma seur, ma maistresse, ma cousine: Ta mere, ta seur, ta maistresse, ta cousine: Sa mere, sa seur, sa maistresse, sa cousine: La mere, la seur, la maistresse, la cousine. Example howe the pronowne masculyne shal be applyed as Mon pere, mon frere, mon maistre, mon cousin: Ton pere, ton frere, ton maistre, ton cousin: Son pere, son frere, son maistre, son cousin: Le pere, le frere, le maistre, le cousin, and mes, tes, ses, les, for bothe plurell.
Also there be two pronownes, that ben pronounced in french by syncopation, as the same and that same: cestuy cy et cestuy la: for the femynine: ceste cy et ceste la: where ye shall take but the last syllable of them, sayeng stuicy, stuyla: stecy, stela.
PREPOSITIONS.
Nyghe, nyghe: towarde, towarde: for, by, up, downe, above, under Pres, joucte: enuers, deuers: pour, par, sus, jus, dessus, dessoubz:
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afore, before, agaynst, with, to, to the, of the, of, at this syde, auant, deuant, contre, en contre: auec, a, au, du, de, deca, beyonde. dela.
CONJUNCTIONS.
If, if, and, Sy, se, et, etc.
Here foloweth the adverbes, and howe ye shall turn, and forme an adverbe from englisshe into frenche, and specially those that signifye qualities, takyng this syllable ly from them, and addyng ment for it, as in these wordes folowynge:
propre } parfaite } honeste } habondant } cordial } prompte } incessante } real } instante } due } ment commune } ly signant } competente } reuerente } decente } couarde } harde } loial } condicional } compendieuse } OTHER ADVERBES IN GENERALL. this day huy all this day meshuy in this day au jourdhuy yester day hiér before yester day auant hiér the tother day lautre hiér to morowe demain the day after lendemain after to morowe appres demain from hens forth desormais ones agayne derechief from hens forth dicy en auant from hens forwarde de la en auant this yere ouan al this yere mesouan not long a gone nagaires but lytel agone depuis nagare { lytel { petit { sith { lytel depuis { pou { { lytel { peu of tyme de temps anone tost anone or sone tantost incontynent incontinent by and by cy pris cy mis nowe maintenant { up { sus { now { here ore { ca { { there { la
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yere while orains nowe ades at this tyme a ceste heure somtyme jadis tyme paste temps fust than lors from than des lors at that tyme alors for that tyme pour lors for all that toutesfois alwayes toutteuoies many tymes maintefois oftentymes souuentefois at somtyme a la fois many tymes pluisieurs fois betyme parfois somtyme aulcunnefois in the meane tyme endementiers duryng the tyme entandis whyle it was tandis alwayes toudis ever tousjours never jamais for ever a jamais never syns oncques puis never more oncques mais than donques at that tyme adonques alredy desja unto this jusques cy unto that jusques la moche moult right or most tres in maner de maniere in so moche en tant in the meane whyle entretant duryng that tyme ce pendant of maner de sorte in maner en sorte in a facyon en fachon of facyon de fachon in suche wyse tellement as it was quellement almost quasy natwithstandyng nonobstant withstandyng obstant natwithstandyng non pourtant nat neverthelesse non pourquant neverthelesse neant mains howbeit combien all beit ja soit as comme howe, and howe moche comment what quoy to what a quoy of what de quoy in what en quoy
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for what pour quoy upon what sur quoy as what come quoy selfely mesmement farre loing a longe whyle longuement more late plus tard to soone or tymely trop tempre ADVERBES OF SWERYNG. i, so ouy, sy no, nay non, nenny in earnes a certes for earnes pour certes of earnes de certes in certayne a certain for certayne pour certain of certayne de certain certaynly certainement in trewth en uerité in sothe en uray for truthe pour uerité for sothe pour uray of truthe de uerité of sothe de uray trewly urayment veritably veritablement in my God en mon Dieu in good lucke en bon omen by the faith of par la foy de fayre women belles femmes I you assure je vous asseure I promyse you je vous promectz I certifye you je vous certifie without any faute sans faulte in my trewth en ma uerité in my loyaltie en ma loyaulté in my worthynesse en ma prudommie by my holynesse par ma saincteté trewe man preudhomme trewe woman preude femme yare so aincois ainsy otherwyse aultrement also aussy quickely uitement goodly bonnement betyme tempre tymely temprement early matin at the prick of day au point du jour the dawing of the day a laube du jour at the dayeng a lajourner at the cockes crowynge au chant du coc at pryme a prime at thirde hour a heure de tierce at noone a none at mydde day a mydy at evynsong a vespre
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at evenyng au soir betwene lyght and dark entre chien et loup at the sonne settynge a soleil couchant at mydnyght a mie nuyt at the day au jour at the nyght a la nuyt
ADVERBES OF NOMBRES, WITH THEIR DIRIVATYVES, WHERE THE LONGEST OF TWO BEYNG LYKE IS FOR THE FEMYNYNE, AND THE TOTHER MASCULYNE: AND BOTHE OF ONE SIGNIFYCATION.
UNG I fyrst, fyrst, emprent, premier fyrstly, one premierment, ung, une onely, evyn, unie, unicque, uniement, uny, evenly, union, unie, uniement, unite, of one voyce, of variable signification. uniuocque, equiuocque. onely all onely seul, seulle, seulement, seullet, solytary. seullette, solitaire. DEUX II seconde, seconde, deusiésme: second, seconde, double, doubled, double, doublé, doublée, doublenesse, dualité, duplicité, doublement, secondary, parted in two. secondement, bipartit. TROIS III thyrde, thirdly, tiers, tierce, tiercement, the thirde, troisiéme, trinité, all one, ternil, triangle, triplicité, triple, terciane, tripartit. QUATRE IIII fourth, the fourth, quart, quarte, quatriesme, fourthly, quartement, quaternité, the fourth parte, square, quadril, quarré, quarrée, foure cornarde, quadrangle, foure double, a crosse way, quadruple, quarefour, the quartayne, forthy, quartaine, quarantaine, forthy or lent, lent. quadragesime, quaresme. CINCQ V fyfth, fyfthly, quint, quinte, quintement, the fyfth, of fyve, cinquiesme, quintuplice, pentecost, whit sonday. cinquesme.
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SIX VI the sixte sixtely sixt, sixte, sixtement, of sixe, sixe cornarde sextil, sextangle, sisiéme, sexagesime. SEPT VII the seventh seventhly, septiesme, septiesmement, ones sevyn, in sevyn septaine, septuplice, sevyn corners. septangle, septuagesime. HUIT VIII the eight huitaine, huitiésme huitiésmement NEUF IX the nynth nyne neuuiésme, neuuayne, nynthly neuuiésmement DIX X tenne dix, disiésme, is he that hath charge of x men. desinier, disayne. ONSE XI theleventh onsiéme onsaine. DOUSE XII twelfthly dousiéme, dousaine. TRAISE XIII the thirtenth traisiéme. QUATORSE XIIII the fourtenth quatorsiéme QUINSE XV the fyftenth quinsiéme. SAISE XVI the sixtenth saisiéme DIX SEPT XVII the sevententh dix septiésme DIX HUIT XVIII the eightenth dishuitiésme. DISNEUF XIX the nyntenth disneufiésme VINGT XX twenty the twenteth vintaine, vingtiéme TRENTE XXX the thirteth, thirtie trentiesme, trentaine QUARANTE XL the fourteth quarantiésme CINQUANTE L acompte of fyftie the fyfteth cincquantaine, cincquantiésme.
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SOISSANTE LX the sixteth threscore. soissantieme, soisantaine. SEPTANTE LXX the sevynteth septantiésme OCTANTE LXXX the eighteth octantiésme NONANTE XC the nynteth nonantiésme CENT C hundreth, the hundreth, centaine, centiésme, the hundredeth, lykewyse centeniér, centurion. DEUX CENS CC TROIS CENS CCC QUATRE CENTZ CCCC CINQ CENTZ V. C. SIX CENTZ VI. C. SEPT CENTZ VII. C. HUIT CENTZ VIII. C. NEUF CENTZ IX. C. MIL. A THOUSANDE DIX MILE X. M. CENT MILE C. M. UNG MILION M. M.
FORMATYON OF THE INDICATYVE PRESENT TENSE.
Here after foloweth the maner, howe one shall make and fourme the present of the indicatyve or shewyng mode, of the verbes folowyng.
The maner to fourme the present of the verbes infynityve mode, here after folowynge, is: that all those that ende in er, puttyng the r away, and makyng the e a consonant, ye shall have the present of the indicatyve, as in these wordes: parler, appeller, appaiser, appuier, etc.; puttyng r away, ye have: parle, appelle, appaise; appuie: sayeng, japelle, tu appelle, il appelle, nous appellons, vous appelles, ilz appellent. Ye shall neverthelesse except some verbes defectyves, as aller that do make, je voy, tu vas, in the present, and such lyke.
Also all suche as have d in the last syllable, ye shall leave all the letters commynge after the d, and shall adde s, or z to it: ye shall have the plurell nombre of them, as in those wordes tordre, mordre, prendre, attaindre, auaindre, and such lyke, puttynge s or z to the d: ye shall have tordz, mordz, prendz, attainz, auaindz: howbeit that ye shall nat sounde the sayde d, accordynge to the sixte rule in the begynnyng of this worke.
Also all those that doth ende in ir, as tenir, uenir, with all them that be dirivate of them: as contenir, maintenir, soubstenir, preuenir, reuenir, paruenir, deuenir, and such lyke, must be all ended in iens, as tiens, viens, contiens,
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maintiens, soubstiens, preuiens, reuiens, paruiens, deuiens. Sayeng: je tiens, tu tiens, il tient, nous tenons, vous tenes, ilz tienent. There is another sorte endyng in ir, as conuertir, assoupir, appourir, attendrir, benir, bannir, etc. the whiche chaungynge the r in s, ye have conuertis, assoupis, appouris, benis, bannis; sayeng: je bannis, tu bannis, il bannist, nous bannissons, vous bannisses, ilz bannissent; and lykewyse of the tothers. Also there must be many except, as consentir, assentir, mourir, querir, dormir, whiche do make their present: je consens, je assens, je meurs, je quiers, je dors, tu dors, il dort, nous dormons, vous dormes, ilz dorment.
Also there is two other that doth ende in oir, the tone hath an a, in the penultyme syllable, as auoir and scauoir; whiche do make ay and scay in the present. The tother maner hath lyke termynation without an a, as apperceuoir, deuoir, pouruoir, concepuoir, decepuoir, whiche do make their present, japercoy, je doy, je pouruoy, je concoy, je decoy; how be it ualloir and uolloir must be except which do make in the present je vaulz, and voulloir, je veulz, tu ueulz, il ueult, nous uoulons, uous uoules, ilz ueulent.
Also there is another sorte endynge in e, in the infinitive, as,
saying, laughyng, redyng, frieng, dire, rire, lire, frire, etc. which make in their present, say, laugh, rede, frye; dis, ris, lis, fris;
sayeng, je lis, tu lis, il list, nous lisons, vous lises, ilz lisent.
Also there ben others endyng in ore, as clore, shitte, with all his compost, that is to saye, disclore, unshitte, forclore, shitte out, etc. whiche do make in their present, clos, declos, forclos, etc. and for cause that rules ben infinites, and that they ben more necessary for the teacher than for the lernar, I suppose that those above sayd ben sufficyent for the indicative present.
It is to be noted that in the frenche tongue is but two cojugacions: the first shal be discerned and knowen by the first persone plurel nombre of the present in the shewynge moode, for where the sayd fyrst persone hath no s in the seconde sillable before his termination or ende, than it is of the
we love, we have, we bette, we gyve, first, as in these verbes, aymons, auons, batons, donons,
with such lyke; and where there is an s begynning the last syllable of the forsayd fyrst persone, than it is of the second, as in these verbes, baisons, taisons, brisons, faisons, disons, lisons, pensons, etc.
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Ye shal note lykewyse that in the indicative mode ye have for the moste parte, foure preterites, that is to say, the imperfect, parfect and indiffinitive with the plusperfect, whiche ben communely founde in all verbes save in them that ben defectives, as it apereth by this verbe,
I say, thou sayest, je dis, tu dis, I dyde say; wherfore the preterit imperfyte is: je disoie; I sayde, the perfect, je deis; I have sayd; the indiffynitive, jay dit; I had sayd. the plusperfect, jauoie dit.
Nevertheles for the most part there is no difference in englysshe betwene the perf. and imperf. that is to say, betwene I dyd say, and I sayd: but bycause it is otherwise in french, I must use the said difference.
OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.
Ye shall forme the preterit imperf. in all verbes of both conjugations by the fyrst person plurell nombre, turnyng this syllable ons, whiche is in every verbe, in oie for the fyrst conjugation: and sons in soie, in the second, soundynge s, lyke a z, as zons, zoie.
Example for the fyrst conjugation as in this verbe aymons, whiche is the fyrst person plurell nombre of jaime, chaungyng this syllable ons in oie, ye have aimoie; of auons, ye have auoie; of donnons, donnoie.
Example for the seconde conjugation, as in these worde: baisons, turnynge the last syllable, whiche is sons in soie, ye have of brisons, brisoie; of faisons, faisoie; of disons, disoie; and the seconde persone shall termyne in ois, the thirde in oit; the fyrst plurell nombre in ions for the fyrst, and sons for the seconde, as it shall appere clerely in the conjugations herafter folowing, and this rule is infallyble for all preterites imparfyte.
OF THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.
The preterit parfyte, as well of the fyrst as of the seconde conjugation hath dyvers termynations, but there is four speciall, that is to say in us, in is, in ins and in ay.
Example of us: as je bus, je fus, je leus, je congneus, etc. of is: as je escripuis, je deis, je mis, je feis. of ins: as je tins, je prins, je uins, japrins. of ay: as jaimay, je donnay, je baisay, je prisay, je laissay.
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And so the verbe that ende in us shalbe, je bus, tu bus, il but, nous bumes, vous butes, ilz burent.
Example of is: as je feis, tu feis, il feist, nous fismes, vous feistes, ilz firent. of ins: as je uins, tu uins, il uint, nous uimmes, uous uintes, ilz uindrent. of ay: as je donnay, tu donnas, il donna, nous donnasmes, vous donnastes, ilz donnerent.
THE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.
Ye shall ever fourme the preterit indiffynityve with the thre persons, both singuler and plurell nombres of this verbe (have) in the present tensis, saying, jay aymé, I have loved; tu as aymé, thou hast loved; il a aymé, nous auons, uous aues, ilz ont aymé; and likewise of all other verbes with the sayd have, as jay dit, jay bu, jay lu, jay fait.
OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETER PLUS PARFYTE.
The preterit most parfect is ever formed with the preterit imperfyte of the foresayd verbe (have) as the indiffynityve is with the presente, sayeng I have done, thou haddest done, that is to say, jauoie dit, jauoie aymé, jauoie bus, jauoie requis; and so thorowe the thre persons, never chaungynge the terminacion of the verbe, as jauoie dit, tu auois dit, il auoit dit, nous auions dit, uous auies dit, ilz auoient dit; and so of all other lyke.
THE FUTUR OF THE INDICATYVE.
Ye shall understande that all maner verbes in generall ben termyned in their thre persons synguler and plurell nombres after this wayes: ray, ras, ra: rons, res, ront, so that ye shall take the verbe in the present, and put the s away at the later ende, if it be of the seconde or the fyrst conjugacion, and adde therto the foresayd terminacyon: as in this worde dis, I saye; ye shall take awaye s and adde ray, sayeng diray, diras, dira, dirons, dires, diront. Jaimeray, tu aymeras, il aymera, nous aymerons, uous aymeres, ilz aymeront. There be some verbes must have more addicion, as dors, I slepe, whiche must have mi, added unto it, sayeng, dormiray, and boy, drinke, which sygnify I drinke; ye shal nat say boiray, but buueray, I shall drinke; and so of some other, as doy, ought; and metre, I put. How be it they be all termined with the above sayd termination.
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OF THE IMPERATIVE, WHICHE SIGNIFYETH COMMAUNDYNG.
The imperative for the most parte is ever lyke the verbe present tensis of the indicatyve moode, leavyng the fyrst persone and puttyng the pronowne after the verbe, for it differs nat: save in the thyrde persone synguler, and plurell nombre of some verbes, as jay, whiche doth make in the thirde person synguler, il a; and the thirde persone of the imperatyve is quil ayt, or ayt cil, ou celuy; and lykewyse of scay. But of the moste parte of others, it is lyke the present, leavyng the fyrst persone, whiche is nat in the imperatyve synguler nombre, as in this verbe jaime, tu aime, il aime, nous aimons, uous aimes, ilz aiment; which his present is that is a lyke in the imperatyve, leavynge the fyrst persone, sayeng aime tu, aime cil, aimons nous, aimes uous, quilz aiment; puttyng ever the pronowne after the verbe.
The sayde imperatyve hath two futures, the tone affyrmatyve, and the tother negatyve, whiche have evermore these frenche wordes going before every person:
do, kepe, se, Se that thou speke; loke that he move nat; faitz, garde, voy, as in this example: Voy que tu parle; garde quil ne se meuue;
prenons garde que nous ne mouuons, que vous ne mouues; prenez garde quilz ne se meuuent; and lykewise of the affyrmative, leavyng this worde ne.
THE OPTATYVE.
After the olde grammer was wonte to be all one with his preterit imperf. but we shall make hym different from hym, puttyng before the verbe this worde oh, or je vous prie, sayeng, oh que je boiue, je te prie que tu boiue, etc.
The sayd optatyve hath thre preterites, that is to say, imperf., parfyte, and plusperf., puttynge alwayes a ma uoullente, or plust a Dieu before the verbe. The preterit imperf. is moost termyned in usse, inse, and in asse, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present, as in these verbes: Pleust à Dieu que jaimasse; a ma uoullente que tu me congneusse; pleust a Dieu que tu prinsses courage. The parfyte is moche lyke the preterit indiffynityve of the indicatyve, as a ma uoullente que jaie aimé. The plus perfyt hath ever this verbe jeusse (I had) before hym, as jeusse aimé, jeusse dit, etc. His presente doth serve for his future, addyng either tantost or demain, sayeng pleust a Dieu que je uoise demain auec uous; a ma uoullente que deuiegne bon, a ma uoullente quil soit tantost corrige.
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THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR CONJUNCTIVE.
The conjunctive is lyke the optative in his present and preterittes, save that we say in stede of pleust a Dieu, a ma uoullente; sy, come, quant, or ueu, sayeng for the present, sy je fuisse maintenant, comme jay congneu, quant jeusse sentu.
The sayd conjunctyve hath two futures, the tone hath alwayes this worde mais, goyng before the verbe, as mais que je soie joieulz, etc.
The tother is borowed of the potenciall mode, and hath for his termynation, roy, rois, roit: rions, ries, roient, as jaimeroie, tu aimerois, il aimeroit, nous aimerions, uous aimeries, ilz aimeroient; and likewyse of all others. The termination of the infinityve shall appere in the verbes here after folowyng, wherfore in eschewyng prolixite, I will no further speke of it. The preterit must ever have this verbe infynityve moode: auoir, before hym, as auoir parlé, auoir dit, auoir mordz, etc.
The gerundyve is formed of the infinityve, and of the participle present tensis, as de parler, pour conferer, en communicant, etc. The overthrowen or supins which ben called reuerses, ye shall ever put the preterit parfit or the second futur of the conjunctive before him, sayeng: je te uoulsisse, or je te uouldroye bien aimé de Dieu, etc.
A RULE FOR TO MAKE PARTICIPLES, ADVERBES AND NOWNES OF THE VERBES FOLOWYNGE.
All maner verbes infinitive mode endyng in er, takyng the r away, ye have the preterit masculin, and addyng an e to the é that remaine, ye have the participle feminin of the preterit tensis, as in this verbe enseigner, take away the r, ye have enseigné, which is masculin, and addyng another e to it, ye have enseignée, which is the preterit feminin, soundyng the first e as a uowel, and if ye adde ment to it, ye shal have enseignement, which is an adverbe, and puttyng both es away, and addyng ant, ye have the participle present, whiche is enseignant, and this rule is generall for the termination. Also all verbes endyng in ir, as uenir, and such as come of him must al change ir in u for the preterit masculyn, and addyng an e to the sayd u for the feminin. Exemple for the masculin, if ye take ir away from uenir, tenir, souuenir, soubstenir, maintenir, and adde u for it, ye shall have, uenu, tenu, souuenu, maintenu, and addyng an e to it, ye shall have the feminin, whiche
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be, uenue, tenue, souuenue, maintenue, etc. and if ye put away the sayd u and e, and put ant for it, ye shall have the participle present tensis, as uenant, tenant, souuenant, maintenant. There ben other verbes ending in ir, whiche must chaunge the r in e for the feminin, and without the e for the masculin, as benir, take away the r, ye have beny, which is preterit masculin, and adde an e to it, ye have benie, whiche is the feminin, and lykewyse of bannir, banni, bannie; rauy, rauie, and adding ssant to the masculin, ye have banissant, benissant, rauissant. Mourir and querir must be excepted: for mourir hath mort for his masculyn, and morte for the femynyn, and querir, quis and quise; mourant and querant for the participle present tense.
Also those wherof the infynityve termyne or ende in tre, or in dre, the e beyng a consonant, as batre, abatre, combatre, rabatre, debatre: pendre, fendre, deffendre, tendre, rendre, uendre, must all chaunge re in u for the masculyn, sayeng batu, abatu, combatu, pendu, fendu, deffendu, uendu, tondu, addyng an e to it for the femynyn, sayeng batue, uendue, fendue, tondue; ye must except prendre with all his dirivatives, and make pris, prise; repris, reprise; compris, comprise; mespris, mesprise. There ben other that ende in e, as mectre, with all that of hym ben diryvate; whiche must folowe the sayd rule, as permis, permise; mis, mise; demis, demise; commis, commise; promis, promise; remis, remise; compris, etc. and bycause they be noted for the most parte among the Catalogue of verbes, and howe ye shall fourme lykewyse both nownes and adverbes: and also that it is harde for to fynde a rule generall and infallyble, I do here termyne the sayde rules.
HERE AFTER FOLOWETH SOME VERBES AFTER THE LETTERS OF THE A, B, C.
A. to cast downe abattre to barke abaier to stoupe abaisser to araye abiller to bourde aborder to water abruuer to make a fole or beest abestir to abuse abuser to leane the backe adosser to distroy abolir to make swete adoulcir to dresse or to order addouber to warne aduertir to touche adeser to auowe aduouer to wyne or to adde adjouter to swere adjurer
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to go out of the way adirer to clyppe accoller to pacifye accoyser to tryme a woman achesmer to agre accorder to aquent accoynter to gader accumuler to bow downe, croked accroper to accepte accepter to bye acheter to harken accoupter to certyfye acertener to cache with a hoke acrocher to directe adrecer to mynister administrer to ordre at pleasure affaitter to make one lame affoller to make sharpe affiler to put on a mantel affubler to make fast affycher to make feble affoyblir to make fre affranchir to dresse agencer to tache with a hoke aggrapper to make more greuous aggrauer to tache aggripper to knele agenouller to flatter alechier to cherysshe aloser to gader amasser to wrappe amallotter to tye amarer to wake ambuler to leade amener to mende amender to love aimer to make lesse amaindrir to make softe amollir to make leane amesgrir to make smale amenuser to heape amonceler to drye adurer to arnat or prepare aourner to gyve sucke allaiter to kyndel alumer to alter alterer to waste anuller to anounce anoncer to appere apparoistre to pacify apaiser to aparel appareiller to call appeller to perceyve apercepuoir to make redy aprester to learne aprendre to flatre with myrth aploudir to aproche aprocher
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to waxe poore apourir to tame apriuoiser to appoint apointer to leane upon appuier to go before anticiper to make propre aproprier to assemble assembler to assigne assigner to assure asseurer to kyl with a clubbe assommer to fulfyl assouuir to make one bownde asseruir to assople assouldre to make sadde assoupir to invade assailir to consent assentir to flatter assotir to make to swere assermenter to make subget assubgetter to resemble assimuller to fall in company associer to helpe assister to reste a man arester to enquere one araisonner to come or to lande arriuer to ronde or go about arondir to water or sparcle water arrouser to fal in the company arouter to tye atacher to tary or abyde attendre to dresse atourner to catche subtelly attraper to hitte or ouertake attaindre to reche auaindre to take hede auiser to go about auironner to auance auancer to have auoir to gyve auctorite auctoriser to somen adjourner to dawne ajourner to jeopard aduenturer to swalow or go downe aualler B to bete battre to buylde baatir to cast butter upon rost bastir to banysshe bannir to bast the roste bassér to stoupe baissér to kysse baisér to mocke bauér to barre a dore barrér to barter baretér to gape beer to gape ll. basllier to blote ll. barbouller
Page 939
to bable lyke a duck barbottér to plee the fole baguenauder to beate at ars bacculer to shake a sworde brandir to brew brassér to bragge braguér to stutte begguér to ete lyke a gote broutér to brawle or to wage bransler to rocke the cradel berchér to hunt beres bersér to blysse benir to begge belistrér to bourde or jape bourdér to bathe baignér to put bouttér to crye or wepe braire to breke briser to speke fayre blandir to juste behourdér to bargayne barguignér to blame blasmer to swere blasphemér to yexe ll. balliér to bable ll. babillér to swepe baliér to stut balbutér to lyspe besguér to shave barbiér to blasonne blassonnér to drinke boire to eate gredely briffér to springe bourjonér to budde bouttonnér to set a broche brochér to bridel brider to worke besongnér to blotte broullér to bribe briber to hurte blesser to sethe or boyle boullonner to delve bescher to tourne away bestourner to dounse balloyer to cut busshes buissoner to burne brusler to stutte brettonner to brunishe brunir C to play at cardes carder to trifle cabasser to hide cacer to breke casser to hunte chasser to spit cracer to chope brede chapler to clatter caqueter
Page 940
to rele chanceler to shake canceler to tickel catouller to danse caroler to cloute showes carler to charme charmer to hewe charpenter to carie charier to put on hoses chausser to caffe or warme chauffer to charge charger to do reverence chaproner to over charge crauenter to cherisshe cherir to shyfte cheuir to geder ceullier to certify certifier to walke cheminer to somme citer to tame cicurer to take right away ciffrer to cleyme clamer to shit clore to halte clocer to cover couurir to guyde conduire to knowe congnoistre to runne courrir to counsell consellér to ronne togider concourrir to correcte corrigér to speke togider conferér to situat colloquér to stoupe coytir to constrayne cohercér to reduce narowly coartér to confounde confoundre to go about costoiér to compasse compasser to nayle clouér to contryve controuuér to whelpe chiennér to tourne to a purpose conuertir to reken comptér to comprehende comprendre to strive contendre to make composér to compile compilér to discerne concernér to kepe conseruér to comaunde comandér to fortyfe corroborér to constrayne contraindre to graunt consentir to suffre comportér to forgyve condonnér to conceyve concepuoir
Page 941
as liker throw a cloth coulér to corrumpe or corrupt corompre to shrive confessér to deffende cohibér to conforte confortér to ayde consoler to be ydel connuér to be suerte caucionér to sowe coudre to resyste contrestér to lye couchér to beshitte conchiér to winke clignér to drede craindre to feare crennir to burste creuér to farte or to burste crepitér to afferme creancér to crye criér to bake cuire to smarte cuyre D to dampne damnér to danse dansér to date dattér to cast a dart darder to aske demander to pay the costes deffroiér to disconfit desconfire to defende deffendre to unnayle desclouér to owe debuior to debate debatre to overcome debellér to juge decidér to begile defraudér to go out of the way desuoiér to denye deniér to spende despendre to unhange despendre to dye deuiér to purpose deliberér to unbynde desliér to devore deuorér to take away destituér to distrempe destrempér to disloge deslogér to deuine deuinér to bacbite detractér to deceyve decepuoir to gyve sentence determinér to discusse desrainér to distroy desmollir to distourbe destourber to untrusse destroussér to deliver deliurér to unneste deuisér
Page 942
to prejudice deroguer to put of rementes ll. despoullér to disprayse desprisér to devise deuisér to come downe descendre to unfolde desuelopér to deprave deprauér to put downe deprimér to make fowle deturpér to unknowe descognoistre to forsake delaissér to devoure deglubér to sease desistér to robbe desrobér to go out of order desreglér to temper destrempér to unbridel desbridér to discharge deschargér to discorde descordér to put downe desmectre to denye sayeng desdire to put out deboutér to uncover descouurir to take away lande desterrér to disenherite desheritér to breke faste desunér to distroy destruire to dishonoure deshonorér to defyle deflorér to go from merite desmeritér to unpurvey despourueoir to rele desuidér to discorage descoragér to put out of the place desloquér to distroy the people depopulér to take awaye maydenhed despucelér to spoyle despredér to set forth and go back desmarchér to unbende a crosbowe descochér to clatter out descliquér to unhose deschaussér to spoyle despouller to unbende desbendér to unlace deslachér to make myrth as byrdes degoiger to deserve deseruir to delate delater to distroy dissiper to dispute discepter to dispence dispenser to say dire to have lordeshippe dominer to gyve donnér to slepe dormir to tame domptér to display despliér to unarme desarmér
Page 943
E to sporte esbatre to bashe esbahir to be bawlde esbaudir to blusshe esblouir to here or harken escoutér to set upon the spit embrochér to teche endoctrinér to kepe skowte wache eschauguetér to scarche esgratignér to make softe emollir to wexe harde endurcir to wrappe enfardeler to folde up enueloper to put in the ovyn enfourner to esteme esmér to cromme esmiér to spare espargnér to sparcle espardre to sparcle about esparpilliér to enforce enforcér to hunt away enchassér to lyghten esclarcir to hyde away esconsér to eschewe escheoir to shake of excutér to bringe to passe executér to be delivered of a childe enfantér to breke enfraindre to sinke enfondrér to sinke enfonsér to set togider narowly enferrer to go out of the way escartér to put or blot out effacer to go out of the way egarér to waxe great engrossir to move esmouuoir to clyppe enbracér to lyght esclerér to scape eschappér to skyrmysshe escarmuchér to quarter escartelér to mocke escharmir to make afrayde espouentér to be marveyled esmerueillér to gete corage esuertuér to prove esprouuér to spurre esperonnér to understande entendre to cancre ll. enrouillér to waxe madde enragér to waxe riche enrichir to breake entamer to put in prison emprisonnér to grynde esmouldre to stoupe estoupér to sette at large eslargir
Page 944
to sette up erigér to exalte exaltér to styre one exagitér to put out of order exorbitér to be buse exercitér to take without ryght extorquér to distroy exterminér to excuse excusér to shake of escussér to say nay escondire to declare explicquér to declare epiloquér to go about enuironnér to serche nygh expliquér to poyson empoysonnér to wrappe entortillér to flee escorchér to spye espiér to pluc away esraciér to hope esperér to enmayle esmaillér to stere out the brain esceruelér to clene the nose esmouchér to waxe a slepe endormir to wake esueillér to invade empaindre to press on espraindre to kyndle esprendre to teche enseignér to launch a bote esquipér to shake escouer to set a thyng in the wynde esuentér to drye uppe essuer to be abasshed estonnér to put liker in a vessel entonnér to put in the case estuyér to quenche estaindre to stablisshe establir to strive estriuér to sparcle estincilér to inforce enforcér to take corage encouragér to encrease encroistre to set a stringe upon a bowe encorder to write escripre to curse escomunier to undertake enprendre to undertake entreprendre to stretche estendre to tye with a chayne enchainér to close enclore to mete encontrér to borowe empruntér to bury ensepuelir to move esmouuoir to waxe riche enrichir to put in the grounde enterrér
Page 945
to stanche estancer to lede away enmener to eschew euitér to set upon a hepe entassér to cut entaillér to folow ensuiuir to dye espirér to kyndle esprendre to lette empeschér to enbrace embrachér to make thicke espessir to ladle espuisér to bere away emportér to exorte enortér to nese estrenuér to sende enuoiér to scratche esgratignér to geve the first hansel estrinér to stoppe estanchér to pluck up parforce enrachér to kyndle embrasér to waxe fayre embellir to spotte with myre embouér to beshytte embrenér to scalde eschaudér to chaffe eschauffér to pluc from the shelle eschallér to make worse empirér to set in presse empressér to except exceptér to banishe exillér to breke a dere euiscerér F to talke fabulér to forge fabricquér to go about nought fatroullér to fantesy fantasiér to mow faulchér to penetre faussér to make false falsifiér to fayle faillir to do faire to paint as women do farder to wrappe fardeler to play or mocke farcér to stuffe mete farsir to feyne faindre to facion a thynge fassonnér to helpe fauorisér to make one wery facér to fawne faonnér to swadel fachér to make fertil fecondér to cleve fendre to strike ferir to make hay fenér to make feste festoiér
Page 946
to put the levain fermenter to show horses ferrér to shytt fermér to forme or shape figurér to spinne filér to kasten a thynge on the grounde fichér to congele foitir to melte fondre to forge forger to hurte or to dresse cloth fouller to serche ll. fouller to furre fourrer to provaile fourboullir to go out of the way fouruier to waxe madde forsener to be killed with tempest fouldroier to play the fole folloier to confort a membre with a bathe fomenter to donge fienter to lay out fonser to shitte out forclore to furbisshe fourbir to banisshe forbanir to forfect forfaire to draw from another fortraire to forswere forjurer to scourge fouetter to fly fouir to fetche vitall fourrager to go from the lyne forligner to enforce forcer to shape former to use idel wordes flagorner to flatter flatter to smell flairer to tormente flageller to pipe flajoller to wade flaistrir to bow fleschir to florisshe flourir to haunte frequenter to quake fremir to frye fricquassér to frye frire to play the galant fringner to shake of the ague frissonnér to bruse froiér to rubbe frotér to breake froissér to ronne away fouir to assyst fulcir to thretten fulminér to fume fumér to disceyve frustrér G to mocke gabér to lay a wayes gagér
Page 947
to gage a vessell gaugér to distroy any thyng garconnér to kepe gardér to garnysshe garnir to graunt garantir to galope a horse galloper to lette blode garsér to clatter garrulér to waste gaistér to rejoise gaudir to make mery, or to prike gallér to wynne gaigner to lye downe gesir to dresse gencér to frese gellér to turmente gehinér to confesse gehir to playne gemir to double geminér to tourne gerér to discryve the world or therth geographer to springe germiner to eate as a glotton gourmander to say meate gouster to droppe goutter to governe gouuerner to parbreke gosiller to barke as a fulmer glatir to gleane glenner to glorifye glorifier to glose gloser to folde togyder glomerer to glew glutiner to clawe grater to grave or sculpe grauer to noy greuer to grese botes gresser to hayle gresler to sclyde ll. griller to sclyde glisser to scratche griffer to grynne gn. grigner to gryppe or to clyme gripper to grudge gn. grongner to curle as a cattle gruler to heale guerir to rewarde guerdonner to forsake guerpir to caste geler to make warre guerroier to complayne guermenter to voyde guenchir to lyfte up guinder to gyde guyder to watche guetter to loke with one eye guigner
Page 948
H to leave alone habandonner to have plentie habonder to cutte small hacher to haunte hanter to be sonne burnde hasler to plucke up ll. haller to rele threde hapler to catche happer to harpe herper to hate hair to pyke a quarell harceler to pyke a quarell harier to ryse up haulser to play at dyce hasarder to harborowe hebreger to lodge hosteler to harowe hercher to ney as a horse hennir to succede to heritage heriter to move hobber to be wery hoder to spotte honnir to make one ashame hontoier to grudge gn. hongner to put on botes houser to wynde up housser to calle hucher to suppe humer to humme huner to stryke with horns hurter to be meke humilier to hurtel togider hurteler to make a creste lyke a coke fighting hurer to houle as a dogge huler to set up the heres as a hedge dog herissonner I to boost jacter to chatter as byrdes jargonner to folowe imiter to trouble infester to say unto inferer to injury injurier to put upon inculquer to call inciter to bringe in introduire to stablysh a bisshop introniser to put in parforce intruser to enquere interroguer to teache instruire to attempte inuestiguer to finde inuenter to make unhappe infortuner to move instiguer to reprove improperer to wrappe intriguer to sacrify immoler
Page 949
to invade inuader to intoxicat infectioner to be importunat importuner to require implorer to call inuocquer to gete impetrer to put on imputer to jeopart ingerer to inspire inspirer involver to printe imprimer to cal to inviter to ordenne instituer to let interpeller to induce induire to teche or bringe in introduire to juste jouster to play jouer to joine joindre to fast juner to juge juger to swere jurer to justify justifier to do justice justicier to angre irriter to winter iuerner to go out issir to cut the trouth juguler to ronne upon one irruer to use dronkenship iurongner L to labour labourer to lace lacer to lose or let go lascer to provoke lacesser to leave laisser to wery lasser to lance lancer to stele larciner to sile a wale lambroisser to complayne lamenter to drinke as a dogge lapper to wepe larmoier to wepe lacrimer to stone to deth lapider to larde larder to lathe with lathes latter to wache lauer to lyke lescher to lyfte leuer to lure, as a hawke leurer to tye lier to fyle as a smyte limer to deliver liurer to rede lire to here louer to lawde loer
Page 950
to shine luire to wrestell luiter M to chewe macher to mary marier to angre marir to blaspheme maulgrier to barguine marchander to martir martirer to martir martiriser to mastry maistrier to waxe leane maigrir to worke as a mason massonner to mainteyn maintenir to curse mauldire to handle manier to make foule maculer to make blacke machurer to trede marcher to marke marquer to hamer marteler to putte mectre to begge mendier to muse mediter to eate menger to thanke mercier to backebyte mesdire to medyll mesler to reken falce mescompter to do a mysse mesprendre to disprease mespriser to murdre meurdrir to lye mentir to deserve meriter to mysknowe mescognoistre to loke in a glasse mirer to dyg in the grounde miner to lede mener to asswage metiguer to shewe monstrer to mortifie mortifier to grounde mouldre to move mouuoir to make a molde mouller to wite ll. mouller to mue as a hawke muer to hide mucer to fortify munir to multiply multiplier to go to hervest moissonner all one messonner to playe the husbande mesnager to byte mordre to dye mourir to mounte monter to swepe the nose moucer to morfounde morfoundre
Page 951
to mocke mocquer to put one yvell maumectre to mysdo mesfaire all one mesprendre N to swym nager to shewe narrer to serve at tennes nacqueter to give posession nantir to wounde naurer to be borne naistre to make mattes nater to set sinewes on a sadle neruer to make clene nettoier to denye nier to bride nidger to snuf with the nose niffler to becke with hedde niquer to knytte nouer to swimme noer to drowne noier to nombre nombrer to notte notter to nourishe norir to shade noncer to make black noircer to certify notiffier to name nommer to hurt nuyre to strive noisir O to obaye obair to be ocupyed occuper to darken obscurer to say yvell obtrecter to obtaine obtenir to bynde obliger to binde is all one obliger bloted forgotten obliterer to forgette oublier to withstande obuier to darken obfusquer to offende offencer to offrende offrir to kyll occire to hide occulter to make fole ordoier to ordayne ordonner to leve obmectre to hurte oultrager to uttre oultrer to obtaine obtenir to graunte obtemperer to constrayne opprimer to opose oposer to wene oppiner to oppresse oppresser
Page 952
to dare oser to pray orer to enoisel as a hauke oisiler to warye ourdir to worke ouurer to open ouurir to take awaye oster to here ouir to graunte ottroier P to forgyve pardonner to prepare parer to speke parler to painte paindre to forswere parjurer to parforme parformer to make an ende parfaire to lese perdre to passe passer to perce percer to perceyve percepuoir to suffre permectre to waye peser to thynke penser to do perpetrer to perysshe pericliter to synne pecher to fysshe pescher to preache prescher to penetre or throwe penetrer to presente presenter to contynew preseruer to lose perdre to farte petter to knede pestrir to warantise pleuir to bere porter to thynke pourpenser to walke pourmener to prove prouuer to wepe plourer to dowke plonger to lye down as a hore prostituer to brynge forthe produire to shuldre pousser to powte poussir to bowe ploier to fole as a mare poulener to pygge as a sowe pourceler to sette planter to playde plaider to please plaire to plane planer to make even planier to lay a thynge downe or to rest poser to combe the hedde gn. pigner to pysse pisser
Page 953
to prycke picquer to stampe piller to robbe ll. piller to take awaye priuer to banysshe prescripre to presuppose presuposer to beare perhiber to defende prohiber to procure procurer to say before predire to prayse priser to make poudre pulueriser to multiply as birdes pululler to purchase purchasser to polisshe as silver polire to caste downe precipiter to publysshe publier to sounde pasmer to complayne plaindre to lade out water puiser to suffre permectre Q to double furre quadrupler to square quarer to square quadrer to stoupe quatir to douke ou coitir to sertche or demande querir to pyke a quarell quereller to begge as a pardoner quester to move a questyon questionner to begge quemander to quyte quitter to begge quoquiner to play the fole quocarder R to bring lower rabaisser to bate of a somme rabattre to bring agayne ramener to gyve yll wordes ramponer to ravysshe rauir to take away all raser to raunsome ranconner to overtake rataindre to rake with a rake rateler to rampe as a cat ramper to remembre agayne ramenteuoir to alowe it ratifier to refresshe raffreschir to recreate recreér to spyll respandre to answere respondre to rejoyce resjouir to refuse refuser to feare resuer to reduce reduire to refuce recuser
Page 954
to lament regretter to restore rendre to rebounde rebunder to reprove reprouuer to rest reposer to grudge gn. recigner to eate at after noon reciner to restore restituer to reherce recencer to resygne resigner to go backe reculer to reforme refermer to shave rere to reherce referer to releve releuer to bewray reueler to reherce reciter to repete repeter to repugne repugner to revoke reuocquer to restore in agayne restablir to restrayne restraindre to robbe rober to cancre ll. rouiller to stare ll. rouller to role rouller to snore ronfler to gnawe ronger to ruffle rouffler to take all away riffler to ryme rimer to rowe rymer to woe a woman rouuer to speke in ones ere runer to use subtilte ruser to repete by him self ruminer to strike agayne reuerberer to shine resplendir to rewarde remunerer to reise agayn resouldre to bye agayne racheter S to salte saller to salute saluer to lepe saulter to ken scauoir to blede saigner to yelke sangloutir to save sauluer to tast sauuorer to heale saner to halowe sainctifier to sacrify sacrifier to wede yvel herbes sarcler to grave sculper to saciate saouler to satisfie satisfaire