ABORIGINAL REMAINS

IN

VERDE VALLEY, ARIZONA

BY

COSMOS MINDELEFF

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 185

The region and its literature 185

Physical description of the country 189

Distribution and classification of ruins 192

Plans and descriptions 195

Stone villages 195

Cavate lodges 217

Bowlder-marked sites 235

Irrigating ditches and horticultural works 238

Structural characteristics 248

Masonry and other details 248

Door and window openings 251

Chimneys and fireplaces 256

Conclusions 257

Index

ILLUSTRATIONS

Illustrations have been placed as close as practicable to their discussion in the text. Page numbers refer to their original location in the printed book. Some Figures were previously used in the article on pueblo architecture cited in the Footnotes.

Thematic list of illustrations (added by transcriber).

Page

Plate X. Map showing distribution of ruins and location of area treated with reference to ancient pueblo region 185

XI. Map showing distribution of ruins in the basin of the Rio Verde 187

XII. Ground plan of ruin near mouth of Limestone creek 189

XIII. Main court, ruin near Limestone creek 191

XIV. Ruin at mouth of the East Verde 193

XV. Main court, ruin at mouth of the East Verde 195

XVI. Ruin at mouth of Fossil creek 197

XVII. Ground plan of ruins opposite Verde 199

XVIII. General view of ruins opposite Verde 201

XIX. Southern part of ruins opposite Verde 203

XX. General view of ruin on southern side of Clear creek 205

XXI. Detailed view of ruin on southern side of Clear creek 207

XXII. General view of ruin 8 miles north of Fossil creek 209

XXIII. General view of ruins on an eminence 14 miles north of Fossil creek 211

XXIV. General view of northern end of a group of cavate lodges 213

XXV. Map of group of cavate lodges 215

XXVI. Strata of northern canyon wall 217

XXVII. Ruin on northern point of cavate lodge canyon 219

XXVIII. Cavate lodge with walled front 221

XXIX. Open front cavate lodges on the Rio San Juan 223

XXX. Walled front cavate lodges on the Rio San Juan 224

XXXI. Cavate lodges on the Rio Grande 225

XXXII. Interior view of cavate lodge, group D 227

XXXIII. Bowlder-marked site 229

XXXIV. Irrigating ditch on the lower Verde 231

XXXV. Old irrigating ditch, showing cut through low ridge 233

XXXVI. Old ditch near Verde, looking westward 235

XXXVII. Old ditch near Verde, looking eastward 237

XXXVIII. Bluff over ancient ditch, showing gravel stratum 239

XXXIX. Ancient ditch and horticultural works on Clear creek 241

XL. Ancient ditch around a knoll, Clear creek 243

XLI. Ancient work on Clear creek 245

XLII. Gateway to ancient work, Clear creek 247

XLIII. Single-room remains on Clear creek 249

XLIV. Bowlder foundations near Limestone creek 251

XLV. Masonry of ruin near Limestone creek 253

XLVI. Masonry of ruin opposite Verde 255

XLVII. Standing walls opposite Verde 257

XLVIII. Masonry of ruin at mouth of the East Verde 259

XLIX. Doorway to cavate lodge 260

L. Doorway to cavate lodge 261

Fig. 279. Sketch map, site of small ruin 10 miles north of Fossil creek 200

280. Ground plan of ruin at mouth of the East Verde 201

281. Ground plan of ruin near the mouth of Fossil creek 204

282. Sketch map, site of ruin above Fossil creek 205

283. Sketch map of ruin 9½ miles above Fossil creek 206

284. Sketch map showing location of ruins opposite Verde 207

285. Ground plan of ruin on southern side of Clear creek 211

286. Ground plan of ruin 8 miles north of Fossil creek 213

287. Sketch map of ruins on pinnacle 7 miles north of Fossil creek 216

288. Remains of small rooms 7 miles north of Fossil creek 216

289. Diagram showing strata of canyon wall 218

290. Walled storage cist 221

291. Plan of cavate lodges, group D 226

292. Sections of cavate lodges, group D 227

293. Section of water pocket 228

294. Plan of cavate lodges, group A 229

295. Sections of cavate lodges, group A 230

296. Plan of cavate lodges, group B 231

297. Plan of cavate lodges, group E 232

298. Plan of cavate lodges, group C 233

299. Map of an ancient irrigation ditch 239

300. Part of old irrigating ditch 241

301. Walled front cavate lodges 250

302. Bowlders in footway, cavate lodges 252

303. Framed doorway, cavate lodges 253

304. Notched doorway in Canyon de Chelly 254

305. Notched doorway in Tusayan 255

Illustrations grouped by type (list added by transcriber) The distinction between a “site plan” and a “building plan” is not clear-cut; the illustration captions are inconsistent.

Site plans

Plate XXV. Map of group of cavate lodges

Fig. 279. Sketch map, site of small ruin 10 miles north of Fossil creek

282. Sketch map, site of ruin above Fossil creek

283. Sketch map of ruin 9½ miles above Fossil creek

284. Sketch map showing location of ruins opposite Verde

287. Sketch map of ruins on pinnacle 7 miles north of Fossil creek

288. Remains of small rooms 7 miles north of Fossil creek

299. Map of an ancient irrigation ditch

Building plans

Plate XII. Ground plan of ruin near mouth of Limestone creek

XVII. Ground plan of ruins opposite Verde

Fig. 280. Ground plan of ruin at mouth of the East Verde

281. Ground plan of ruin near the mouth of Fossil creek

285. Ground plan of ruin on southern side of Clear creek

286. Ground plan of ruin 8 miles north of Fossil creek

291. Plan of cavate lodges, group D

294. Plan of cavate lodges, group A

296. Plan of cavate lodges, group B

297. Plan of cavate lodges, group E

298. Plan of cavate lodges, group C

Sections

Fig. 292. Sections of cavate lodges, group D

293. Section of water pocket

295. Sections of cavate lodges, group A

Plate X. Map Showing Distribution of Ruins and Location of Area Treated with Reference to Ancient Pueblo Region. larger view (705 × 973 pix) high-resolution version for printing(300dpi, 2818 × 3888 pix)