INDEX.
Reading edition
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A.
PAGE
Absorbent vessels, 97
Absorption, 96
by blood-vessels, 96
by the lacteals, 96
of the food, 96
Accommodation, function of, 213
Achilles, tendon of, 27
Adam's apple, 229
Air, atmospheric, 131
Changes in, in respiration, 132
Carbonic acid in, 138
Composition of, 131
Dust in the, 137
Effects of impure, 139
Impurities in, 136
Matters in the expired, 132
Provision for purifying, 141
Renovation by ventilation, 142
Air-cells of the lungs, 125
Air-passages, 125
Albinos, 44
Albumen, 58
of the blood, 102
Albuminoid substance, 57
Varieties of, 57
Properties of, 57-58
Albuminose, 94
Alcoholic liquors, 77
Physiological action of, 78
Alimentary canal, 81
Animal functions, 143
Animal heat, 143
how produced, 143
regulated by perspiration, 145
Animals, relative strength of, 28
Apoplexy, 171
Aqueous humor, 210
Arachnoid membrane, 152
Arbor vitæ, 154
Arterial blood, 107-135
differs from venous, 135
Arteries, 114
Arrangement of, 115
Carotid, 116
Distribution of, 115
Pulsation of, 115
Radial, 116
Temporal, 116
Arytenoid cartilage, 229
Asphyxia, 250
Assimilation, 80, 121
Audition, 215
Auditory canal, 218
nerve, 222
Auricles of the heart, 109
B.
Back-bone, 21
Bathing, 47
Importance of, 47
Time and manner of, 49
Baths, 48
Different kinds of, 48
Belladonna, 206
dilates the pupil, 206
Use as a cosmetic, 206
Bile, 95
Secretion of, in the liver, 95
Accumulation of, in the gall-bladder, 95
Uses of, 95
Biliary duct, 95
Bladder, Gall-, 95
Bleeding, how stopped, 121
Blind-spot, 207
Blood, 101
Arterial, 107-135
Change of color, 107
Circulation of, 107, 133
Coagulation of, 105
Composition of, 102
corpuscles, 102, 103
fluid, 105
Microscopic appearance of, 102
Respiratory changes in, 133
Uses of the, 105
Venous, 107, 135
Blood-vessels, 114, 118
Absorption by, 96
Injuries to the, 121
Body, renovation of the, 66
Bones, 15
Form and composition of, 16
Growth of, 22
Microscopic structure of, 17
Repair of, 23
Structure of, 17
Uses of, 15
Bowels, 94
Brain, 150
Anatomical structure of, 152
Function of the, 172
Injuries of the, 173
Membranes of the, 152
Reflex action of the, 174
Bread, 72
Bronchial tubes, 125
Bronchitis, 128
C.
Canals, Semicircular, 223
Capillary blood-vessels, 118
Circulation in the, 118
Carbonic acid, 132
exhaled from the lungs, 132
in the air, 138
retention in the blood, 134
Cartilage, 20
Arytenoid, 229
Cricoid, 229
Thyroid, 229
Casein, 58
Cataract, 210
Cells, Nerve, 150, 159
Ciliated, 128
Cerebellum, 153
Function of the, 172
Cerebro-spinal nervous system, 150
Cerebrum, 152
Function of the, 172
Cheese, 58
Chest, Framework of, 19
Contents of the, 19
Chocolate, 77
Chorea, 169
Choroid coat of the eye, 204
Chyle, 95
Chyme, 94
Cilia, 128
Circulation, 107
in the frog's foot, 119
of the blood, 107
Rapidity of, 120
through the heart, 112
through the lungs, 123
Clothing, 51
Coagulation of milk, 58
of the blood, 104
Cochlea, 223
Coffee, 75
Effects of, 75, 76
Collar-bone, 19
Color-blindness, 209
Column, Spinal, 21
Combustion, Spontaneous, 145
Complexion, 44
Concha of the ear, 217
Conjunctiva, 200
Contraction of heart, 111
of muscles, 27
Convulsions, 169
Cooking, 70
Cords, Vocal, 126, 230
Cornea, 203
Corpuscles, Blood, 102
Cosmetics, 51
Cranial ganglia, 150
Functions of, 171
Cranial nerves, 154
Cranium, 19
Cricoid cartilage, 229
Crystalline lens, 209
Uses of, 210
Cuticle, 41
Function of, 183
Cutis, 42
D.
Decussation of motor and sensory fibres of spinal cord, 164
Dentition of infancy, 82
Diaphragm, Movements of the, in respiration, 128, 129
Diastole of the heart, 111
Diet, Mixed, 66, 85
Necessity for changing, 67
Necessity of a regulated, 62
The best, 63
Digestion, 80
Circumstances affecting, 97
Gastric, 93
Intestinal, 94
Nature of, 81
Organs of, 81-91
Drowning, 250
Duct, Biliary, 95
Nasal, 201
Pancreatic, 95
Thoracic, 97
Dura Mater, 152
E.
Ear, 217
External, 217
Internal, 222
Middle, 219
Foreign bodies in, 225
Drum of the, 219
Bones of the, 220
Ear-sand, 223
Ear-stones, 223
Ear-wax, 219
Eggs, 68
Composition of, 68
Emulsion of fats, in digestion, 95
Enamel of the teeth, 82
Epiglottis, 126, 229
Uses of, 126, 220
Eustachian tube, 221
Exercise, 30
Different modes of, 31
Effects of, 30
Importance of, 30
Open-air, 33
Expiration, 128
Movements of, 129
Extensor muscles, 26
Eye, 198
Eyeball, 203
Eyelashes, 200
Eyelids, 200
F.
Fats, 59
Emulsion of, 59
Source of, in food, 59
Fenestra ovalis, 224
Fibres, Muscular, 25
Fibres, Nervous, 149
Fibrine in food, 58
of the blood, 102
Fish, as food, 71
Flexor muscles, 26
Food, 53
Animal, 67
Daily quantity of, 65
Ingredients of, 54-62
Necessity for, 64
Source of, 53
Vegetable, 71
G.
Gall-bladder, 95
Ganglia, cranial, Functions of the, 171
Gases, Interchange of, in the lungs, 134
Gastric digestion, 93
Gastric juice, 91
Action of, 93
Daily quantity of, 92
General sensibility, 179
Glands, Perspiratory, 45
Salivary, 86
Sebaceous, 44
Glossary, 252
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, 189
Gullet, 90
Gum, 61
as food, 62
Gustatory nerve, 189
Gymnastics, 33-38
for schools and colleges, 33
H.
Hair, 42
Uses of, 44
Hearing, Sense of, 215
Protection of, 224
Heart, 107
Cavities of the, 109, 110
Circulation through the, 112
Frequency of action, 112
Movements of the, 111
Valves of the, 112
Heat, Animal, 143
Production of, 143
Regulation of, 145
Hemiplegia, 165
Humor, Aqueous, 210
Crystalline, 209
Vitreous, 210
Hunger, 65
Seat of the sensation of, 65
Hydra, 149
Hydrophobia, 169
Hygiene, 13
Hyperopia, 212
I.
Incus, 220
Inorganic substances in food, 54
Insalivation, 86, 88
Insensible perspiration, 46
Inspiration, 128
Intestinal juice, 95
Action of, 96
Intestines, 94
Complete digestion in the small, 94
Villi of the, 96
Iris, 205
Function of, 205
Iron, 56
Proportion in the blood, 57
Proportion in the food, 57
J.
Joints, 19
Varieties of, 20
Juice, gastric, 91
Intestinal, 95
Pancreatic, 95
L.
Labyrinth, 222
Lachrymal canals, 201
gland, 201
Lacteals, 96
Absorption by, 96
Lactic acid in gastric juice, 92
Lactometer, 68
Large intestines, 94
Laryngoscope, 231
Larynx, 125, 228
Production of the voice in the, 126, 228
Lens, crystalline, 209
Ligaments, 19
Light, theory of, 197
Lime in the bones, 16
in the food, 56
Importance of, 56
Liver, 95
Secretion of the, 95
Locked jaw, 169
Long-sight, 212
Lungs, 123
Capacity of, 130
Structure of, 125
Lymph, 97
Lymphatic vessels, 97
M.
Magendie, on pain, 181
Magnesia, Compounds of, in food, 57
Malleus, 220
Marrow of the bones, 17
Mastication, 82
Importance of, 88, 89
Meats, 68
The cooking of, 69
The preservation of, 69
Membrane of the tympanum, 219
Medulla oblongata, 154
Function of the, 171
Microscope, 236
The value of the, 236
Simple, 237
Compound, 239
The use of the, 239
Milk, 68
Composition of, 68
Specific gravity of, 68
Milk-teeth, 82
Mucous membrane of air passages, 127
Muscles, 25
Function of the, 25
Flexion and extension of, 26
Voluntary and involuntary, 26
Muscular contraction, 27
fibres, 25
sense, 188
Myopia 212
N.
Nails, 42
Uses of the, 44
Nasal cavities, 192
duct, 201
Nerve, Auditory, 222
Glossopharyngeal, 189
Gustatory, 189
Olfactory, 193
Optic, 197
Sympathetic, 158
Nerve cells, 150, 159
Nerve fibres, 149
Nerves, Cranial, 154
Spinal, 156
Functions of the, 160
Sensory, functions of the, 160
Motor, functions of the, 160
Sympathetic system of, 158
Nervous system, 148, 149
Cerebro-spinal, 150
Nervous tissue, Properties of, 159
Nose, 192
Nutrition, Processes of, 80
O.
Œsophagus, 90
Oil, Sources of, in food, 59
Old-sight, 215
Olfactory nerve, 193
Optic nerve, 197
Orbicular bone, 220
Orbit of the eye, 199
Organic substances as food, 57-62
Organs of circulation, 107
Digestion, 81-91
Respiration, 123
Sight, 198
Voice, 228
Oxygen, 131
Amount of, consumed in respiration, 132
Continually supplied to the atmosphere, 141
P.
Pain, Relations of, to pleasure, 181
Sensation of, 180
Uses of, 180
Pancreatic juice, 95
Uses of, 95
Pancreatin, 95
Paraplegia, 163
Parlor gymnasium, 36
Passages, Air, 125
Pelvis, 19
Pepsin, 92
Peristaltic action of the stomach, 92
Peritoneum, 94
Perspiration, Daily amount of, 46
Sensible and insensible, 46
Uses of, 46, 145
Perspiratory glands, 45
Physical strength, 29
Culture, 33
Physiology, 11
Animal, 11
Comparative, 11
Human, 11
Vegetable, 11
Pia mater, 152
Plasma of the blood, 102
Pleura, 124
Pleurisy, 128
Pneumo gastric nerve, 171
Pneumonia, 128
Poisons and their antidotes, 247
Potash in the blood, 57
Potato, 73
Presbyopia, 215
Preservation of the teeth, 85
Ptyalin, 88
Pulsation of the heart, 113
of the arteries, 116
Pulse, 115
Form of the, 116
Writer, 116
Pylorus, 90
R.
Radial artery, 116
Red corpuscles of the blood, 102
Reflex action of the spinal cord, 165
Requisites for, 167
Uses of, 167, 170
Causing convulsions, 169
Objects of, 170
of the brain, 174, 175
Rennet, 58
Respiration, 123
Change of blood in, 123-133
Frequency of, 129
Movements of, 128
Object of, 123
Organs of, 123
Respiratory labor, 135
Rest, necessity for, 38
Retina, 206
Retinal light, 207
Ribs, Movements of, in respiration, 128
S.
Saccharine substances, 60
Saliva, 86
Importance of, 88
Secretion of, 86
Salivary glands, 86, 87
Salt, Common, 55
Importance of, 56
Sclerotic coat of the eyeball, 204
Sebaceous glands, 44
Secretion of, 45
Semicircular canals, 223
Sensation of pain, 180
Relations of, to pleasure, 181
of temperature, 187
of weight, 188
Modification of, 178
Production of, 177
Variety of, 178
Sense of hearing, 215
sight, 196
smell, 192
taste, 189
touch, 184
Sense, muscular, 188
thermal, 187
Senses, Special, 177
Sensibility, General, 179
Short-sight, 212
Sinews, 27
Sight, Sense of, 196
Organs of, 198
Skeleton, 19
Skin, 41
Structure of, 41
Skull, 19
Uses of the, 19
Sleep, Necessity for, 38
Amount required, 39
Small intestines, 94
Smell, Sense of, 192
Nerve of, 193
Uses of, 194
Soda in the food, 57
Sound, Production of, 215
Special senses, 177
Spectroscope, 104
Speech, 227
Relation of, to the sense of hearing, 228
Sphygmograph, 116
Spinal column, 21
Spinal cord, 155
Decussation of the, 164
Direction of fibres in, 164
Functions of the, 162
Nerves of, 156
Reflex action of, 165
Spontaneous combustion, 145
Stapes, 220
Starch, 61
Its change into sugar, 61
Different kinds, 61
Effect of boiling, 61
Microscopic appearance, 61
Stimulating substances, 62
Stomach, 90, 92
Digestion, 93
Movements of, 92
Secretion of, 92
St. Vitus' dance, 169
Sugar, 60
Varieties, 60
Sources of, 61
Sun-bath, 50
Sympathetic system of nerves, 158
Synovia, 20
Systole of the heart, 111
T.
Taste, Association of, 190
Education of, 191
Organ of, 188
Sense of, 189
Tea, Effect of, 76
Kinds of, 76
Tears, 201
Escape of the, 201
Teeth, 82
Temporary set of, 82
Permanent set of, 83
Bicuspid, 83
Canine, 83
Incisor, 83
Molar, 84
Arrangement of, 85
of different animals, 85
Preservation of, 85
Temperature of the body, 146
Extremes of, 146
Sensations of, 187
Tendon of Achilles, 27
Tendons, 27
Tetanus, 169
Thermal, 50
Thermæ sense, 187
Thirst, 65
Thoracic duct, 97
Thorax, 19
Thyroid cartilage, 229
Tissues, intimate structure of the, 236
Human, 244
of the lower animals, 245
Tongue, 188
Nerves of, 189
Sensibility, 189
Touch, Delicacy of, 186
Organs of, 183
Sense of, 184
Trachea, 125
Transfusion, 106
Trichina spiralis, 71
Trunk, 19
Tympanum of the ear, 219
Membrane of, 219
V.
Valves of the heart, 112
of the veins, 117
Vapor, Animal, in breath, 132
Vegetable food, 71
Vegetative functions, 148
Veins, 117
Valves of, 117
Venous blood, 135
Changes of, in respiration, 133
Ventilation, 142
Ventricles of the larynx, 229
of the heart, 110
Ventriloquism, 235
Vertebrae, 21
Vestibule of the internal ear, 223
Villi of the intestines, 96
Absorption by, 96
Vital knot, 171
Vitreous humor, 210
Vocal cords, 126, 230
Observation of, with laryngoscope, 231
Voice, 227
Organ of, 228
Production of, 232
Varieties of, 233
W.
Water, 74
Action of, on lead, 75
Chemically pure, 74
Croton, 74
exhaled with the breath, 132
from springs and wells, 74
Proportion of, in the blood 55
" of, in the tissues and fluids of the body, 54
Ridgewood, 74
Walking, as a means of exercise, 31
White corpuscles of the blood, 104
Wisdom teeth, 84