PREFACE.

In face of the cordial reception given to the first two volumes of MM. Perrot and Chipiez's History of Ancient Art, any words of introduction from me to this second instalment would be presumptuous. On my own part, however, I may be allowed to express my gratitude for the approval vouchsafed to my humble share in the introduction of the History of Art in Ancient Egypt to a new public, and to hope that nothing may be found in the following pages to change that approval into blame.

W. A.

October 10, 1883.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALDÆO-ASSYRIAN CIVILIZATION.

PAGE

§ 1. Situation and Boundaries of Chaldæa and Assyria1-8

§ 2. Nature in the Basin of the Euphrates and Tigris8-13

§ 3. The Primitive Elements of the Population13-21

§ 4. The Wedges21-33

§ 5. The History of Chaldæa and Assyria33-55

§ 6. The Chaldæan Religion55-89

§ 7. The People and Government89-113

CHAPTER II.

THE PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALDÆO-ASSYRIAN ARCHITECTURE.

§ 1. Materials114-126

§ 2. The General Principles of Form126-146

§ 3. Construction146-200

§ 4. The Column200-221

§ 5. The Arch221-236

§ 6. Secondary Forms236-260

§ 7. Decoration260-311

§ 8. On the Orientation of Buildings and Foundation Ceremonies311-322

§ 9. Mechanical Resources322-326

§ 10. On the Graphic Processes Employed in the Representations of Buildings327-334

CHAPTER III.

FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE.

§ 1. Chaldæan and Assyrian Notions as to a Future Life335-355

§ 2. The Chaldæan Tomb355-363

CHAPTER IV.

RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE.

§ 1. Attempts to Restore the Principal Types364-382

§ 2. Ruins of Staged Towers382-391

§ 3. Subordinate Types of the Temple391-398

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.

I. BabilTo face page 154

II. Rectangular Chaldæan temple370

III. Square double-ramped Chaldæan temple378

IV. Square Assyrian temple380

FIG. PAGE

1. Brick from Erech24

2. Fragment of an inscription engraved upon the back of a statue from Tello25

3. Seal of Ourkam38

4. Genius in the attitude of adoration42

5. Assurbanipal at the chase45

6. Demons61

7. Demons62

8. Eagle-headed divinity63

9. Anou or Dagon64

10. Stone of Merodach-Baladan I73

11. Assyrian cylinder74

12. Assyrian cylinder74

13. Gods carried in procession75

14. Gods carried in procession76

15. Statue of Nebo81

16. Terra-cotta statuette83

17. A Chaldæan cylinder84

18. The winged globe87

19. The winged globe with human figure87

20. Chaldæan cylinder95

21. Chaldæan cylinder95

22. The King Sargon and his Grand Vizier97

23. The suite of Sargon99

24. The suite of Sargon101

25. Fragment of a bas-relief in alabaster105

26. Bas-relief of Tiglath Pileser II106

27. Feast of Assurbanipal107

28. Feast of Assurbanipal108

29. Offerings to a god109

30. Convoy of prisoners111

31. Convoy of prisoners112

32. Babylonian brick118

33. Brick from Khorsabad119

34. Temple128

35. Tell-Ede, in Lower Chaldæa129

36. Haman, in Lower Chaldæa131

37. Babil, at Babylon135

38. A fortress138

39. View of a town and its palaces140

40. House in Kurdistan141

41. Temple on the bank of a river, Khorsabad142

42. Temple in a royal park, Kouyundjik143

43. View of a group of buildings, Kouyundjik145

44. Plan of angle, Khorsabad147

45. Section of wall through AB in Fig. 44147

46. Elevation of wall, Khorsabad148

47. Section in perspective through the south-western part of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad149

48. Temple at Mugheir154

49. Upper part of the drainage arrangements of a mound159

50. Present state of one of the city gates, Khorsabad161

51. Fortress; from the Balawat gates, in the British Museum164

52. The palace at Firouz-Abad170

53. The palace at Sarbistan170

54. Section through the palace at Sarbistan171

55. Restoration of a hall in the harem at Khorsabad174

56. Royal tent, Kouyundjik175

57. Tent, Kouyundjik175

58. Interior of a Yezidi house178

59. Fortress180

60. Crude brick construction181

61. Armenian "lantern"183

62-65. Terra-cotta cylinders in elevation, section and plan184

66. Outside staircases in the ruins of Abou-Sharein191

67. Interior of the royal tent193

68. Tabernacle; from the Balawat gates194

69. The seal of Sennacherib196

70. Type of open architecture in Assyria197

71. Homage to Samas or Shamas203

72. Sheath of a cedar-wood mast, bronze205

73. Interior of a house supported by wooden pillars; from the gates of Balawat206

74. Assyrian capital, in perspective207

75. Capital; from a small temple209

76. View of a palace210

77. Capital; from a small temple212

78. Capital212

79. Chaldæan tabernacle212

80. Ivory plaque found at Nimroud212

81. The Tree of Life213

82. Ornamental base, in limestone214

83. Model of a base, side view215

84. The same, seen from in front215

85. Winged Sphinx carrying the base of a column216

86. Façade of an Assyrian building216

87, 88. Bases of columns217

89. Tomb-chamber at Mugheir222

90. Interior of a chamber in the harem of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad225

91. Return round the angle of an archivolt in one of the gates of Dour-Saryoukin227

92. Drain at Khorsabad, with pointed arch229

93. Sewer at Khorsabad, with semicircular vault232

94. Sewer at Khorsabad, with elliptical vault233

95. Decorated lintel238

96. Sill of a door, from Khorsabad240

97. Bronze foot, from the Balawat gates, and its socket243

98, 99. Assyrian mouldings. Section and elevation245

100. Façade of a ruined building at Warka246

101. Decoration of one of the harem gates, at Khorsabad247

102. View of an angle of the Observatory at Khorsabad249

103. Lateral façade of the palace at Firouz-Abad251

104. Battlements from an Assyrian palace251

105. Battlements from the Khorsabad Observatory252

106. Battlements of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad255

107. Altar255

108. Altar in the Louvre256

109. Altar in the British Museum257

110. Stele from Khorsabad258

111. The obelisk of Shalmaneser II. in the British Museum258

112. Rock-cut stele from Kouyundjik259

113. Fragment from Babylon263

114. Human-headed lion267

115. Bas-relief with several registers269

116. Ornament painted upon plaster275

117. Ornament painted upon plaster275

118. Ornament painted upon plaster276

119. Plan and elevation of part of a façade at Warka278

120. Cone with coloured base279

121, 122. Rosettes in glazed pottery290

123. Detail of enamelled archivolt291

124. Detail of enamelled archivolt292

125. Enamelled brick in the British Museum293

126. Ornament upon enamelled brick294

127. Fragment of a glazed brick295

128. Fragment of a glazed brick297

129. Ivory tablet in the British Museum301

130. Fragment of an ivory tablet301

131. Threshold from Kouyundjik303

132. Rosette304

133. Bouquet of flowers and buds305

134. Painted border306

135. Fragment of a threshold306

136. Door ornament307

137. Palmette308

138. Goats and palmette308

139. Winged bulls and palmette309

140. Stag upon a palmette310

141. Winged bull upon a rosette311

142. Stag, palmette, and rosette311

143. Plan of a temple at Mugheir312

144. Plan of the town and palace of Sargon at Khorsabad313

145. General plan of the remains at Nimroud314

146. Bronze statuette316

147. Bronze statuette317

148. Bronze statuette318

149. Terra-cotta cone319

150. Terra-cotta cylinder320

151. The transport of a bull324

152. Putting a bull in place326

153. Chaldæan plan327

154. Assyrian plan; from the Balawat gates in the British Museum329

155. Plan and section of a fortress329

156. Plan, section, and elevation of a fortified city330

157. Plan and elevation of a fortified city331

158. Fortress with its defenders333

159, 160. Vases342

161. Plaque of chiselled bronze. Obverse350

162. Plaque of chiselled bronze. Reverse351

163. Tomb at Mugheir357

164. Tomb at Mugheir358

165. Tomb at Mugheir358

166. Tomb, or coffin, at Mugheir359

167. Map of the ruins of Mugheir362

168. View of the Birs-Nimroud367

169-171. Longitudinal section, plan, and horizontal section of the rectangular type of Chaldæan temple370

172. Map of Warka, with its ruins371

173. Type of square, single-ramped Chaldæan temple375

174-176. Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a square, single-ramped, Chaldæan temple377

177-179. Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a square, double-ramped Chaldæan temple378

180-182. Square Assyrian temple. Longitudinal section, horizontal section, and plan380

183. Map of the ruins of Babylon383

184. Actual condition of the so-called Observatory, at Khorsabad387

185. The Observatory restored. Elevation388

186. The Observatory restored. Plan389

187. The Observatory. Transverse section through AB390

188. Plan of a small temple at Nimroud393

189. Plan of a small temple at Nimroud393

190. Temple with triangular pediment394

TAIL-PIECES, &c.

Lion's head, gold (French National Library)Title-page

Lion's head, glazed earthenware (Louvre)113

Two rabbits' heads, ivory (Louvre)334

Cow's head, ivory (British Museum)363

Eagle, from a bas-relief (British Museum)398