LIST OF PHOTOGRAVURES (continued 15)

Butler, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Page, K.C., B.C.L., is one of the leading advocates of Montreal, where he practises at 81 Union Avenue. He was born at Kingsey, Que., on August 3, 1845, the son of the Rev. John Butler, M.A., and educated at the University of Toronto and McGill University, Montreal, taking the B.C.L. degree in 1865 and receiving that of D.C.L. in 1880. During 1862 and 1863, he acted as Private Secretary to Sir John Abbott, afterward Prime Minister of Canada, and at that time Solicitor-General of Quebec Province. He was called to the Quebec Bar in August, 1866, and created Queen’s Counsel in 1887. He was first associated with the firm of Rose (late Sir John Rose) & Ritchie, Advocates, Montreal, and later with the late E. J. Hemming, Q.C., at Drummondville, Que. After residing at Melbourne, Que., for a time, he returned to Montreal in 1870, where he has ever since practised. Until 1881 he was in partnership with the late John Monk, and since then has practised for the most part alone. He was Councillor for the municipality of Longueuil from 1874-77, and also served as School Trustee there. Col. Butler long took an active part in military affairs, and commanded the Prince of Wales’ Regiment from 1889 to 1898. He organized and became the first president of the Montreal Amalgamated Rifle Association and the Montreal Military Institute. In politics he is a Conservative, and in religion an Anglican, having been a member of the Diocesan and Provincial Synods over thirty years. In Free Masonry, he was Grand Master in 1894, and has been for many years Chairman of the Committee on Jurisprudence of the Grand Lodge of Quebec. In August, 1870, he married a daughter of the late Valentine Cooke, of Drummondville, Que., and his home address is 52 Fort Street, Montreal.

McEvoy, John Millar, B.A., LL.B. (London, Ont.), is one of the best known barristers in the Western section of the province, and a man of unusual scholastic attainments. He was born at Caradoc, Middlesex County, in 1864, the son of A. M. and Sarah (Northcott) McEvoy—his father coming of a family in County Down, Ireland. He was educated at the Strathroy Collegiate Institute, the University of Toronto, and the Ontario Law School, taking the B.A. degree in 1892 and LL.B. in 1893. As a student, he was a marked man among the faculty, because of his originality of mind and intellectual power, and on graduation was elected a Fellow in Political Science at Toronto University, and in that capacity taught Canadian constitutional history there. On the retirement of Prof. W. J. Ashley, who had been at the head of the Political Science Department, he was placed in temporary charge pending the arrival of Prof. Mavor, the new incumbent from Scotland. He afterward continued as lecturer under Prof. Mavor for one year. At this period he was a prolific writer of pamphlets and magazine essays. He is the author of “The Ontario Township: a History of the Growth of Municipal Institutions in the Province,” printed under Government auspices as the first of the Toronto University studies in political science. He also wrote an “Essay on Currency and Banking,” which was awarded the Ramsay Scholarship and printed at the request of the leading bankers of Canada. Another essay of his on “Karl Marx’s Theory of Value” was declared by Prof. Ashley to be the ablest exposition of the abstract theory of value that it had been his good fortune to have heard or read on any occasion. At the invitation of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, he contributed a series of articles to their publication, “Annals,” upon subjects of economic and historical importance—to Canadians especially. On giving up his academic career in the middle nineties he returned to Middlesex County, and settled down to the practice of law in London, Ont., where he has ever since resided. As a barrister, he has been identified with many important cases. He was associated with the late E. F. B. Johnston, K.C., in the defence of Gerald Sifton, charged with the murder of his father, which ran through three trials and finally resulted in the acquittal of the accused. He was also associated with Mr. Johnston and Mr. W. R. (now Justice) Riddell, K.C., as one of the counsel for Hon. J. R. Stratton in the Royal Commission to investigate a charge of attempted bribery, preferred by the late R. R. Gamey, M.P.P. for Manitoulin. This was a political cause célèbre, and resulted in a victory for the defence. For a quarter of a century, Mr. McEvoy has been intimately associated with the fortunes of the Liberal party in his district. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the House of Commons in East Middlesex in the general elections of 1904, and for London in the general elections of 1911. At the Ontario elections of 1908 he also contested the London seat against Sir Adam Beck, but was defeated. Mr. McEvoy is a strong advocate of the tariff-for-revenue-only principle and of an Anglo-Saxon alliance, and is a member of the Ontario Club, Toronto, a headquarters of Liberalism. In 1894 he married a daughter of John Anderson, of East Williams, Ont. He has one son, Captain A. M. McEvoy, of the C.E.F., and one daughter, Miss Gladys, at home.

Chambers, Col. Ernest John. Col. Ernest John Chambers, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, was appointed to that position March 1st, 1904. He is the son of Edward Thomas and Louisa Percy (Davies) Chambers and was born in Penkridge, Staffordshire, England, April 16th, 1862, coming to Canada in 1870. He was educated at the Prince Albert School, St. Henri, Quebec, and the Montreal High School. Col. Chambers belongs to the same family as Captain Chambers, R.N., who commanded the flotilla on Lake Champlain during the Revolutionary War with the now United States of America. Captain Chambers, afterwards Admiral, served as a midshipman under Captain Cook at the great siege and taking of Quebec. Another of the same family was an officer in the British Army, took part in most of the fighting in the Niagara Peninsula, 1812-13, and was taken prisoner. When, February 3, 1916, fire destroyed the Parliament Buildings at Ottawa, the Black Rod, the emblem of authority carried by the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, was burnt, and Col. Chambers was ordered to procure a new one. The new emblem, which was subscribed for by the members of the United Kingdom Branch of the Empire Parliamentary Association, is similar to the Black Rods of the House of Lords and the Senates of Australia and South Africa, is made of ebony with the “Lyon” crest, butt piece and knob of solid gold, and bears wreaths of maple leaves. The shield is engraved with the royal monogram, and the butt piece contains a sovereign of the year 1904, when Col. Chambers was appointed, and the coin is to pass to his family as an heirloom. In 1885 Col. Chambers acted as field correspondent for the “Montreal Star” during the Riel insurrection, and served as a volunteer galloper to General Middleton at Batoche and Fish Creek, and wears the medal and clasp, the Long Service Medal, and the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers’ Decoration. He participated in the operations against Big Bear’s band of Indians. In 1888-9 Col. Chambers was Managing-Director and Editor of the “Calgary Herald,” and for two years was joint proprietor and editor of the Canadian “Military Gazette.” Since 1912 Col. Chambers has been Secretary of the Canadian Branch Empire Parliamentary Association. Since 1908 he has been editor of the Canadian Parliamentary Guide. He has done good work in the field of Literature and is the historian of several of our most distinguished Canadian Regiments. In fact he has been a prominent and clever contributor to a variety of publications on Parliamentary, historical, military, hunting and yachting subjects. He is the author of many books on historical and military subjects. He was connected with the Canadian Militia for many years. When but a boy Col. Chambers commanded the Montreal High School Cadet Rifles. Later, in 1902, he became Captain and Adjutant of the 6th Fusiliers, Montreal, now the Grenadier Guards of Canada. In 1910 he was appointed District Intelligence Officer, Montreal, with the rank of Captain in the Corps of Guides and was promoted to Major in 1911, Lieut.-Col. in 1915, Colonel in 1917. In August, 1914, at the outbreak of the great war, Col. Chambers was appointed Censor at the Military Headquarters in Ottawa, and July 15th, 1915, Chief Press Censor for Canada, and continued to perform his duties as such. In the discharge of his duties he proved an ideal officer, and his name was brought to the attention of the Secretary of State for War for distinguished service. August 31, 1898, Col. Chambers married Bertha Macmillan, of Kingston, Ontario. He has one son and one daughter. He is a member of the Royal Ottawa Golf, the Rivermead Golf and the Coulonge Fish and Game Clubs. For recreation he indulges in shooting, fishing, yachting, and golf. He resides at 325 Daly Ave., Ottawa, Ontario.

Elliot, Maj.-General Harry Macintire, C.M.G., Master-General of Ordnance, Headquarters Staff, Ottawa, is one of those officers originally trained in the Imperial Army, who did much to create the machinery which enabled Canada to play her part as a fighting element from the earlier stages of the great war. He is a son of General Elliot, a retired officer of the Imperial Army, and was born at Bangalore, India, where his father was at that time stationed, on December 3, 1867. He was educated at Carshalton School, England, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was gazetted as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, February 17, 1888, and a Lieutenant three years later. He was promoted to the rank of Captain in the Royal Artillery on August 17, 1898. He saw active service in South Africa 1900, and China (Boxer Rebellion) 1900-1901. On return to England he was appointed Instructor in Gunnery, Chatham (Eng.), in 1901, and on June 1, 1905, was made an Instructor of the First Class, continuing in that capacity until March 29, 1906, when he was attached to the Military Forces of Canada as Instructor in Gunnery. He continued in that capacity until March 29, 1909. On June 9, 1908, he was promoted simultaneously to the rank of Major in the Royal Artillery (Imperial) and the Canadian Permanent Forces. He returned to England in 1909, and was stationed in Ireland till 1911. On May 1, 1911, he became Director of Artillery on the Headquarters Staff, Ottawa. He was promoted to the rank of Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel, on June 9, 1912, and became Assistant-Adjutant General of Military District No. 2 (Toronto) on March 1, 1913. On May 17, 1915, he became full Colonel, and on March 31, 1916, was appointed Master-General of Ordnance with the rank of Brigadier-General. On November 29 of the same year he became temporary Major-General. During the war he was for a short time on active service overseas, and was honoured by his Majesty with the decoration of a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. On January 10, 1899, General Elliot married a daughter of Dr. W. N. Wickwire, of Halifax, N.S. Mrs. Elliot died in 1911, leaving four children—Irene (b. 1900, died 1916), William (b. 1902), Aileen (b. 1905), Violet (b. 1908). His favourite recreations are riding and golfing, and he belongs to the Army and Navy Club (London, Eng.) and the Rideau and Country Clubs (Ottawa). In religion he is an Anglican.

Duclos, Arnold Willard, B.A., B.C.L., K.C. (Ottawa, Ont.), Deputy-Registrar of the Exchequer Court of Canada, is the son of Rev. R. P. Duclos (Canadian) and Sophie Jeanrenaud, of Geneve, Switzerland. He was born at Ste. Hyacinthe, Quebec, April 7, 1873, and was educated at the High School and McGill University, Montreal, and graduated in arts in 1894 and in law in 1897, and received the degrees of B.A. and B.C.L. Called to the Quebec Bar in 1898, he practised in Montreal for a short time and then left for Ottawa, where he practised with Mr. Henry Aylen, K.C., under the firm name of Aylen & Duclos, barristers, advocates, etc., and was associated with Mr. Aylen in several important cases in the districts of Ottawa and Pontiac. He was made a King’s Counsel in 1911. In 1915, Mr. Duclos joined the legal firm of Devlin & Ste. Marie, Hull, Quebec, and in 1918 assisted, in various professional capacities, in the matter of exemptions in the Central Court of Appeal (Judge Duff). In January, 1919, he started to practise alone, and in the following June was appointed Deputy-Registrar of the Exchequer Court of Canada, and Official Law Reporter of the Exchequer Court Reports. Mr. Duclos practised before the Supreme and Exchequer Courts, and acted as counsel in divorce matters before the Senate Divorce Committee. From 1905 to his appointment as Deputy-Registrar, he was Assistant-Editor of Official Reports of the Province of Quebec. He also revised and edited the sixth edition of “How Canada is Governed,” by Sir J. G. Bourinot. Having previously held various other offices, in 1918 Mr. Duclos was elected President of the Ottawa Valley Graduates Society of McGill. He is an officer of the University Club of Ottawa, President of St. Andrew’s Church Choir; a Director of the Ottawa Choral Society, and a prominent figure in the several musical organizations of Ottawa, and is a member of the Rideau Lawn Tennis Club. Hon. Mr. Justice Duclos is a brother. September, 1900, Mr. Duclos married Grace Van Dusen, daughter of the late Thomas J. Gillelan, of the American Bank Note Company. They have two daughters, Elise Adrienne and Madeleine G. For recreation, he takes pleasure in tennis, fishing, and music. He is a Presbyterian in religion, and his residence is 152 James Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Hogg, William Drummond, K.C., barrister-at-law, Ottawa, is one of the most distinguished figures in Canadian legal circles. He was born at Perth, Lanark County, Ont., on February 29, 1848, the son of David Hogg, a prominent furniture manufacturer of that town. His father was a son of Lieut. David Hogg, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who became an officer of the Royal Artillery, and in that capacity took part in the siege of Copenhagen, and was present at the Battle of the Pyramids, the Battle of the Nile, and other historic engagements of the Napoleonic wars. James Hogg, the Scottish poet and the “Ettrick Shepherd” of “Noctes Ambrosianæ,” was a relative. David Hogg (who died in 1882) came to Canada just fifty years previously and became one of the pioneer settlers of Lanark County, where, at the village of Perth, he established the industry above-mentioned. The mother of the subject of this sketch, Isabella Inglis, was a native of Clackmannan, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1831 and settled with relatives in Lanark village. These relatives were the Hall family, with branches in many parts of Upper Canada, and whose name is identified with the early history of such towns and cities as Peterboro, Sarnia, Brockville, and Perth. She died in 1881. Mr. Hogg was educated at the High School, Perth, Ont., and commenced the study of law in the office of E. G. Malloch, Crown Attorney for Lanark County. Subsequently, he spent several years in the offices of Paterson, Bain & Paterson, Toronto, and was called to the Ontario Bar at Hilary term, 1874. He commenced practice at Ottawa in 1875 in partnership with the late Daniel O’Connor. For some years after the death of the latter he practised alone, but on the admission of his son to the Bar the firm became Hogg & Hogg. The practice of Mr. Hogg has largely lain in the Supreme and Exchequer Courts of Canada, and he is a recognized authority on questions of prerogative and constitutional law. Though a Conservative in party leanings, he has never sought political office, and one of the convincing proofs of his professional standing is the fact that during the Liberal régime of Sir Wilfrid Laurier his services were frequently sought in connection with important and intricate Government litigation. He is a member of St. Andrews Society of Ottawa, and was for many years solicitor of that body. He has also had the honour of being elected by his fellow barristers a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada and is now a life Bencher of that Society, and was some years ago created King’s Counsel. When the late James Bethune, K.C., of Toronto, a relative by marriage, passed away, a long friendship of the most intimate personal, and professional character was severed. Mr. Hogg holds very strong views on the subject of temperance, and at various times held all the executive offices of the Sons of Temperance. He married Louisa Agnes, daughter of Dr. Charles Rattray, of Cornwall, Ont., and has two sons. His business address is the Trust Building, Ottawa.

Gwynne, Brigadier-General Reginald John, C.M.G., Deputy-Adjutant-General for Canada, Headquarters Staff, Ottawa, is a native of the motherland, but has been intimately identified with the marvellous development of Canada’s military power during the past few years. He was born in London, England, on September 16, 1863, the son of the late J. E. A. Gwynne, J.P., F.S.A., F.R.S., etc., of Folkington Manor, Polegate, Sussex, England, and his wife, Mary Earle Purvis. He was educated at Cheam, Eton, and Pembroke College, Oxford. After coming to Canada, he became identified with the Active Militia of this country, and commanded the 16th Horse, a Western organization, from 1907 to 1911. In 1911 and 1912, he was in command of the 7th Cavalry Brigade, and in 1913 he was appointed to the Headquarters Staff at Ottawa as Director of Cadet Services for the Dominion. In 1914, the year of the outbreak of the great war, he became Director of Mobilization, with the rank of Brevet-Colonel and in that capacity performed very important services in connection with the organization of Canada’s overseas forces. In 1916, he was promoted to the rank of Director-General of Mobilization, a post he filled until the close of the war, and in the following year raised to the rank of Brigadier-General. In 1919 he was appointed Deputy-Adjutant-General for Canada. In recognition of his services he was created by His Majesty a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. On May 16, 1894, he married Mary Mayall, daughter of S. Taylor, J.P., and Janet Mayall Taylor, of Hathershaw, Oldham, England, and has one daughter, Evelyn Violet. In religion he is an adherent of the Church of England, and he is a member of the Rideau Club, Ottawa.

King, Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie, C.M.G. (Ottawa, Ont.), Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, was born at Berlin (now Kitchener), Ont., on December 17, 1874, the son of John King, K.C., and his wife, Isabel Grace, daughter of William Lyon Mackenzie. He was educated at Toronto University (B.A. 1895; LL.B. 1896; M.A. 1897), the University of Chicago, and Harvard University (A.M. 1898; Ph.D. 1909). He was one of the first Canadian students to specialize in social science. For a time he was a reporter on various Toronto newspapers. In 1900, when Sir William Mulock, then Postmaster-General in the Laurier Cabinet, established the Federal Department of Labour, Mr. King was chosen as Deputy-Minister to organize it. In 1908, he was elected to the House of Commons for the riding of North Waterloo, and subsequently was promoted by Sir Wilfrid Laurier to the post of Minister of Labour. He was defeated, in company with the majority of Liberal candidates, in the Federal elections in 1911. During his years of service in the Labour Department, Mr. King was responsible for much important permanent legislation with regard to industrial disputes, immigration, and the opium traffic, and served on numerous Royal Commissions on matters pertaining to Labour and to the problem of Oriental Immigration. On different occasions, he represented Canada on important missions to England. In 1909, he was appointed by the Imperial Government one of the British representatives on the Anti-Opium Commission, which met at Shanghai, China. In June of 1914, he was appointed Director of an Investigation of Industrial Relations under the auspices of the Rockefeller Foundation. In this position, he was instrumental in bringing about better relations between employers and employees in the coal mines of Colorado, where for years there had been serious industrial strife. Throughout the period of the War, he rendered a like service to several other of the largest industries in America engaged in the production of war necessities. His researches were subsequently incorporated in a volume entitled “Industry and Humanity,” which has obtained international recognition as one of the most searching and advanced considerations of an all-important question. Mr. King has always maintained his connection with the Canadian Liberal Party. From 1911 to 1914, he was President of the Ontario Reform Association. In December, 1917, he was the Liberal candidate in North York. At the National Liberal Convention, held in Ottawa, August, 1919, he was elected Leader of the Liberal Party in succession to the late Sir Wilfrid Laurier. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a member of the following clubs—Rideau (Ottawa), Ontario (Toronto), Century (New York), Harvard (Boston and New York). He is a Presbyterian in religion and unmarried.

Hanna (the late), Hon. William John, K.C., M.P.P. (Sarnia Ont.), was born in Adelaide township, County of Middlesex, Ont., on October 13, 1862, the son of George and Jane (Murdock) Hanna. The son of a farmer, he was educated at the local schools and soon developed great capacity as a student, and decided to put himself through for the legal profession, graduating from Osgoode Hall, Toronto. He was called to the Bar in 1890, and commenced the practice of law as a barrister at Sarnia, Ont., eventually becoming head of the firm of H. Le Sueur and McKinley of that place, and was created a K.C. in 1908. He soon became active with the Conservative party, and in 1896 became the candidate of that party for the House of Commons in West Lambton against the late Justice Lister, and was defeated. His party still had confidence in him, and in 1900 he was again nominated for the Federal House and again defeated, West Lambton always having been a great Liberal stronghold. Two years later, in 1902, Mr. Whitney, then leader of the Opposition in Ontario, in looking for a strong man to help him in Western Ontario, prevailed upon Mr. Hanna to run for the Provincial Legislature and undertake the work of organizing Western Ontario. He accepted, made an amazing turnover in that portion of the Liberal stamping grounds, was elected, and came to Toronto in 1905. When the Conservative government came into power, Mr. Whitney invited him to become one of his cabinet, and he chose the portfolio of Provincial Secretary, as in this position his duties would neither come in contact or conflict with the position he held as chief legal adviser to the largest oil corporation in Canada. His public life was free from reproach of mixing up private interests and friendships with his public duties, and as a legal practitioner an extraordinary fact is recorded of him: that while representing one of the most important corporations in the country, no case he had to handle ever went into court; he had a singular and commendable theory that it was the duty of a lawyer to keep his clients out of court. He was elected again to the Ontario Legislature in 1908 and 1911, and appointed a member of the Inter-Provincial Conference held at Ottawa in 1910. His desire for a rest and to complete his great work in connection with his pet hobby of prison reform led him to decline a portfolio when the Hearst government was formed, although he remained in the cabinet as minister without portfolio; and in connection with his services as a public servant in Ontario, it may be said that, though not a prohibitionist by conviction, he was the most efficient administrator of the liquor license system that this country has ever known. He created the machinery for the administration of the prohibition law, which has proved as effective as was possible. His natural taste for politics did not die out on his retirement from office, and he became one of Sir Robert Borden’s most trusted private advisers on public policy. He perfected a system of prison reform which, perhaps, is the most sensible and humane prison system in the world; in fact, his ten years or more of service given to the Province of Ontario as administrator of its public charities, its license laws, its prisons, asylums, and other institutions, constitute a record so progressive and enlightened that the full value of his services will long continue to be recognized by sociologists with a habit for research. In 1917, Sir Robert Borden induced him to accept the post of Food Controller of Canada; and Mr. Hanna at once applied himself to the task of organizing that department, making his single aim the increase of production and the conserving of foodstuffs in order to ensure a steady supply to the soldiers in the field and the civilian populations of Britain, France and Italy. He encountered great difficulties owing to the misapprehension of the public, which demanded a reduction of prices, a measure that, by increasing consumption, would have defeated the above-named object. He however, refused to be moved by popular clamor, and in co-operation with Mr. H. H. Hoover rendered great service toward relieving the overseas populations of the danger of starvation. His exertions told on his physique, and early in 1918 he resigned this office, leaving it well organized for his successor. On the retirement of Mr. Walter C. Teagle from the post of President of the Imperial Oil Company to become President of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, Mr. Hanna was elected his successor. In that capacity, he, in December, 1918, introduced the Industrial Relationship plan in all the plants of the Company from coast to coast, and also a series of sickness, death and insurance benefits for workmen. Grief at the death of his only son, Flight-Lieutenant Neil Hanna, who was killed by accident in Italy in November, 1918, a few days after the signing of the armistice, undermined his health, and on March 20, 1919, he died suddenly while on a vacation in Georgia. When he was borne to his last resting-place at Sarnia, his funeral was attended by public men from all parts of Canada and many sections of the United States. The late Mr. Hanna was twice married: first to Jean J. Neil, who died in 1891, leaving one son, the late Neil Hanna; and secondly to Maud McAdams, by whom he had two daughters. In religion he was a Methodist, and a member of many important clubs and philanthropic organizations.

Gale, Robert Henry, one of the leading public men of Vancouver, of which city he has been a resident for nearly a decade, is a native of the city of Quebec. After an excellent business training in the ancient capital of Canada, he went to British Columbia in 1910, and located at Vancouver. He engaged in business as a contractor, and is at present manager of the British Columbia Contractor’s Supply Company, Limited, one of the largest enterprises of its kind in the province. Less than five years ago he entered municipal politics, and was elected alderman for 1916 and 1917. His services during his comparatively brief term on the City Council made him so widely popular that his friends urged him to run for Mayor in 1918. He accepted the nomination, and in January of that year was elected over the retiring mayor, Mr. Malcolm McBeath, who had sought re-election, by a majority of 300, the largest ever given to a mayoralty aspirant in the history of Vancouver. In January, 1919, he was re-elected by acclamation, it being generally conceded that it would be futile for any rival to contest the office with him. In April of 1919, the provincial government of which Hon. John Oliver is the head appointed him to the newly-created office of Public Utilities Commissioner for British Columbia. By the tax-paying public, the appointment was considered an admirable one, because of the high capacity Mr. Gale had revealed as a municipal administrator. The Great War Veterans’ Association, however, made a vigorous protest on the ground that all new offices within the gift of the government should go to returned soldiers. The Oliver administration deemed it necessary to yield to the agitation, and cancelled the appointment of Mr. Gale, accepting the nominee of the G.W.V.A., Lieutenant-Colonel Retallick, a civil engineer by profession, who had rendered excellent service overseas. Under the circumstances, the cancellation of the appointment was in no sense a reflection on the character or capacity of Mr. Gale. In politics the latter is a Liberal, but has never sought election as a political candidate. During the general strike that was started in Vancouver during the early summer of 1919 as an outgrowth of a general strike at Winnipeg and other Western towns, Mr. Gale showed great tact and firmness in handling a very difficult situation, so that the attempt to disorganize municipal government and upset the present economic system was of comparatively brief duration.

Elson, John Melbourne (St. Catharines, Ont.), was born in Byron, Ont., Dec. 25th, 1880. Son of George and Charlotte (Wilkin) Elson. Educated at London, Ont., Collegiate Institute and Western University of that city. He entered journalism in 1903 as a member of the staff of the London “News,” since merged, and thereafter his rise was rapid. Shortly joined the staff of the Montreal “Gazette” and in 1905 during the late Joseph Chamberlain’s Tariff Reform Campaign he went to Great Britain to study political and economic conditions and wrote special articles thereon to Canadian papers. On his return to Canada he became a member of the staff of the Toronto “Globe” and in 1907 was appointed editor of the Toronto “Sunday World.” Subsequently in 1909 he became Assistant Managing Director of the World Publishing Company, and in 1910 purchased the St. Catharines “Evening Journal” which he has ever since conducted. Mr. Elson is a terse and gifted writer, with a wide fund of information. He has travelled considerably on this continent and abroad, and is a gifted public speaker. When acting as a newspaper correspondent he secured the only interview granted by Baron Komura, the Japanese plenipotentiary, who negotiated the peace treaty between Japan and Russia at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, except the official statement given to the Associated Press in the United States. Since becoming a resident of St. Catharines, he has been active in public affairs, and in patriotic objects like the Red Cross and the Canadian Patriotic Fund. He was elected Mayor of St. Catharines, Jan. 1st, 1919, by an unusually large majority. He is a member of the Council of the Board of Trade; and has served as President of the St. Catharines Canadian Club, and was for seven years President of the Lincoln County Liberal Association. He was formerly Vice-President of the Niagara District Hydro Radial Union, and has been an active member of Soldiers’ Aid Commission ever since it was organized in St. Catharines in the early part of war. He is a member of the Masonic Order. In 1911 he published a brochure, “Reciprocity, The Outcome of Evolution” which had a wide circulation in Canada and the United States. For two years he was a member of the Collegiate Institute Board. Was made member of the Advisory Council of the Repatriation Committee of the Dominion of Canada. In religion he is an Anglican and in September, 1907, married Wilhelmina M., daughter of W. M. Faulds of Mount Brydges, Ont., and has two children: a son and a daughter.

Gill, Robert, of Ottawa, a gentleman well known to the seniors of Canadian finance, is one of the best known citizens of the Canadian capital, where he has resided since 1876. He has been especially identified with the history of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, of which institution he was a trusted officer for over forty years. He was born at Dundas, Ont., on September 30, 1851, the son of William and Alison (Sanderson) Gill, both his parents being of Scottish Border origin. He was educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto, and entered the service of the Bank of Commerce at the age of nineteen. This was in 1870, and the Bank was but three years old. In its expansion during the next few years Mr. Gill actively participated; his promotions were rapid, and in 1874 he was appointed manager of the Galt, Ont., branch. In 1876 he was transferred to the Ottawa branch, which was regarded as one of the most important in the Bank of Commerce chain of agencies. In 1880 he was appointed an Inspector of the Bank and retained that position until 1887 when he was appointed Manager of the Ottawa branch, which had attained a very important position in the financial life of the capital. Under his regime it attained a wide expansion of business and he continued to direct its affairs until 1911, when he retired on pension after forty-one years’ service. During his career with the Bank of Commerce he proved himself not only a practical banker with a complete understanding of the needs of the business community, but an able thinker and essayist on financial questions. Among his publications was one on the subject of Post Office Savings Banks reprinted in the “Canadian Banker’s Journal” for the use of the United States Currency Commission. Since his retirement from active business he has lent his services and influence to the promotion of patriotic and other objects of public welfare, and during the late war was Vice-President of the Executive of the Ottawa branch of the Canadian Patriotic Fund. He is also a Life Governor and Vice-President of St. Luke’s Hospital in that city, and in June, 1916, was appointed a member of the Military Hospitals Commission. From 1899 to 1906 he was honorary captain and paymaster of the Governor-General’s Foot Guards. He is a prominent figure in the social life of his chosen city, and in 1914 was elected President of the Rideau Club of Ottawa, a position he still holds at the time of writing. He is also a member of the following other clubs: Country (Ottawa), St. James (Montreal), York (Toronto), Ottawa Golf, R.C.Y.C. (Toronto) and the Constitutional (London, Eng.). He is a Past President of the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society, member of St. Andrew’s Society (Ottawa), the Royal Canadian Institute and the Archæological Society of America, and a life member of the Royal Colonial Institute (England). His recreations are golf and angling; in religion he is an Anglican and in politics, a Conservative. Mr. Gill was first married on September 20, 1881, to Caroline, daughter of John Gilmour of “Marchmont,” Ottawa, by whom he has one surviving son, Major Allan Gilmour Gill, who during the late war commanded the 45th Battery, Canadian Field Artillery, overseas. This lady passed away on April 19, 1884, and Mr. Gill married again on November 20, 1899, Anna Louise, daughter of the late W. R. Thistle, by whom he has three sons, Henry Robert Thistle, Evan William Thistle and Francis Egan Thistle. His permanent residence is at 281 O’Connor Street, Ottawa, and he has a summer residence, “Gillcairn,” at St. Andrew’s, N.B.

Wright, Alexander Whyte, late Vice-Chairman Workmen’s Compensation Commission of Ontario, was born in the township of Markham, York County, Ontario, December 17, 1847, the son of George and Helen (Whyte) Wright, who came to Canada from Glasgow, Scotland, some years previously. He was educated in the public schools of New Hamburg, and after a short time in a drug store, learned the woollen business, later engaging in the woollen manufacturing business at Linwood, Waterloo County, and subsequently in Preston, St. Jacobs and Guelph. At an early age he joined the 29th Battalion, and responded to the call to arms for the Fenian raid. When the first Riel rebellion broke out he joined the Red River Expedition under General Sir Garnet Wolseley (afterwards British Commander-in-Chief Earl Wolseley), serving as a sergeant. On returning he rejoined the 29th Battalion as sergeant-major. In his later teens and early twenties he had quite a local reputation as a fine lacrosse player and fast runner. He had always been a great reader and taken an interest in politics, and in 1873 left the woollen business to become a reporter on the Guelph “Herald,” soon after being engaged as editor of the Orangeville “Sun.” He next edited the Stratford “Herald,” then the Guelph “Herald.” In 1878 he came to Toronto as editor and joint publisher of “The National,” making it an ardent advocate of the national policy, which the late Sir John A. Macdonald had adopted as his platform after having been urgently pressed to do so by a deputation consisting of the late Hon. Isaac Buchannan of Hamilton the late William Wallace, M.P. for Simcoe, the late John Maclean (father of W. F. Maclean, M.P. of the “World”), the late Thomas Cowan of Galt, the late W. H. Fraser and Mr. Wright. During the election campaign, he wrote many articles in the “National” that were extensively quoted by the Conservative press. Shortly after his return to power, Sir John A. Macdonald wrote Mr. Wright a letter in his own hand, in which he said:—“I wish to thank you most sincerely for your splendid work in the campaign which has just ended so satisfactorily. Your speeches and writings did more, I believe, than anything else to convert the people to protection. I only had the good fortune to hear you once—in the amphitheatre—but I was then struck with your wonderful grasp of the question and the extraordinary fund of information you possessed, and no less struck with the admirable way in which you marshalled your facts and presented your arguments. I hope to be able to express my gratitude to you in a more substantial way, and will be delighted if you will give me an opportunity to do so.” Mr. Wright returned to Guelph in 1879 as editor and joint publisher of the “Herald.” The proposed Government agreement for the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway did not meet with Mr. Wright’s approval, and, as the “Herald” had always been a Conservative paper, he gave up his interest in it, and wrote a series of articles published in the “Mercury,” advocating its being built and owned by the Government and paid for by a national currency—not notes or promises to pay, but bills of different denominations, reading “Legal tender for all debts, public and private.” He called a meeting to explain his plan in Guelph city hall, which was packed. At the conclusion of his address he moved a resolution calling on the Government to adopt the plan. On sitting down, the late Mr. Donald Guthrie—father of Hon. Hugh Guthrie, and at that time member of the legislature—arose and said that he had attended for the purpose of opposing the scheme, but Mr. Wright’s explanation had so clearly demonstrated its feasibility and incalculable value that he was converted to it, and had much pleasure in seconding the resolution. On those in favour being asked to raise their hands, the audience, with the exception of one man, rose to their feet and cheered for several minutes. In thanking the audience for their almost unanimous endorsation of this plan, Mr. Wright declared that the one exception was an unlooked-for further compliment. For his independent thought and action the “Mail” undertook to read Mr. Wright “out of the party.” Sir John A. Macdonald wrote Mr. Wright, repudiating its assumed authority, recognized his right to personal opinion, good standing as a Conservative, and assured him of his personal friendship, and continuing said: “I have read a report of your speech at Guelph, and, while I am sorry you saw occasion to make it, I confess I was struck with the plan you outline for the building of the railway. Possibly, under different conditions it might be practicable, but do not think it could be carried out now.” His ideas, however, were over a generation in advance of the people’s desire for public ownership, and, as a consequence private capitalists draw some $40,000,000 in bond interest and dividends yearly, besides adding large sums to reserve, which the people pay; while the people are out a huge land and money bonus, have neither the national railway nor a national currency, but instead a huge octopus of capitalists that dominates our legislation and is an ever-watchful and valiant defender of “vested rights”—whether rightly or wrongly obtained. Mr. Wright was invited to speak at the convention of the U.S. Greenbackers in Chicago in 1880, and accepted, as well as during the subsequent campaign. He returned to Toronto in 1881, and became editorial writer on the “World.” The following year he became Secretary of the Canadian Manufacturers Association, continuing till 1886, when, owing to the lines of cleavage between capital and labor becoming marked, he resigned and established the “Labor Reformer,” the first paper in Canada to advocate public ownership and a workmen’s compensation act. While secretary of the Canadian Manufacturers Association he drafted a factory act which he urged the Dominion Government to pass, providing equal protection and conditions to the workers in all provinces, as well as for manufacturers against unequal labor conditions. This the Government failed to adopt. The draft, however, was made the basis of the Factory Act passed by the Ontario Government shortly after; but this, of course, could give no protection to the Ontario manufacturer (and indirectly to the workers as well) against the longer hours and lower labor conditions obtaining in the Province of Quebec. In 1886, he was appointed Dominion Government agent for the Antwerp and the Indian and Colonial Exhibitions, and acted as one of four commissioners representing Canada in London at the latter. In 1887, he represented Toronto District Assembly at the General Assembly of the Knights of Labor, and was the first Canadian elected member of the General Executive Board, and immediately after was appointed editor of the “Journal of the Knights of Labor,” Philadelphia, official organ of the order, continuing to hold both positions till 1892, when he removed to New York as editor of “The Craftsman.” In 1896, he was appointed by the Laurier Government special commissioner to investigate and report on the sweating system in Canada, and was subsequently asked by that Government to investigate and report on the Japanese difficulties in British Columbia, but was unable to accept. From 1898 to 1904, he was organizer of the Conservative party in Ontario, engaging in three campaigns, being in charge of the campaign that resulted in Sir James Whitney becoming Premier. For a number of years he was president of the Canadian Public Ownership League, which did valuable work in educating the public as to the advantages of the idea now so firmly rooted in the Province of Ontario. He was a candidate for the Ontario Legislature in West Toronto, on the public ownership platform in 1908, but was defeated in the three-cornered contest. In 1910-11, he spent about eight months in Britain writing and speaking in the interest of Imperial preferential trade. On the Ontario Government in 1914 constituting a commission to put in operation the Workmen’s Compensation Act, Mr. Wright was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Board, his appointment said to be the last in which Sir James Whitney took any personal interest. The appointment met with the unanimous approval of organized labor. During the recruiting campaign, Mr. Wright took a very active and effective part in speaking throughout the city and elsewhere. He married, January 26, 1876, Elizabeth R., eldest daughter of the late Robert Simpson, at that time of Guelph, but formerly and latterly of Toronto. Mrs. Wright died in 1913. He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. W. E. Hunter of Toronto, a grandson and granddaughter, and a brother, Daniel W., of Cashmere, Washington, U.S. For some time he had been troubled with blood pressure and in September, 1918, sustained a slight stroke at his place in Niagara-on-the-Lake, where he delighted in birds, flowers, and fruit, in the cultivation of which he was well versed. In April he had a severe attack of neuritis, which, together with heart trouble, resulted in his death, June 12, 1919, at his home, 105 Macdonnell Avenue, Toronto. Of him, Dr. James L. Hughes wrote: “A. W. Wright was a vitally progressive force in Canada for half a century. He was a true democrat who recognized the right of women as well as men to freedom. Few men of his time so fully represented and so powerfully expressed justice and consideration for others as the basis of brotherhood. He was a charming comrade, a faithful friend, and an eloquent orator. All who knew him were better for his influence. No man could think a mean or base thought in his presence.” In a touching letter to Mrs. Hunter from Washington, D.C., T. V. Powderly, formerly General Master Workman of the Knights of Labor, wrote, in answer to a notification of Mr. Wright’s death:—“It was withheld from me until this morning; for a good reason, I suppose. . . . Anyway, I want to remember your father as I last saw him at my home here four years ago. His going was a blow to you and all his friends. He drew his sunshine from no niggard store, and spread more of it across life’s dark pathway than any man I ever met. His picture, framed, had a vase of Marie Pavia roses before it this morning. I understood—for your father gave that rosebush to me thirty years ago, and when we moved here from Scranton in 1899 we took it with us; we call it Marie Pavia Wright. I have known your father for forty years, and though for part of that time we were officially associated in the K. of L., our friendship was confined within no official band. . . . For years I had a dream. It was that some day I could so manage as to live close to your father and John Devlin. D. died a year ago. Perhaps we may live together yet—who knows? Soon I shall take up the journey they have begun, and when that hour comes I hope it may be said of me as I now say of your father:—

“Out through the portals of death he passed

To that ultimate, Unknown land;

The chart of right and of deeds well done,

Held in his cold, dead hand.

For the words he traced to his latest breath

Are unclouded by wrong or ruth;

And stamped on all, as he met his death,

Was the seal of love and truth.”

Writing in the “World,” W. F. Maclean, M.P., said “The late A. W. Wright was an able man who played a leading part in making the destiny of Canada. . . . He had wit, a beaming way, and a radiant kind of sociability.” The “Hamilton Herald” said:—“Few Canadians of the last generation contributed more to the upbuilding of Canada than A. W. Wright. Much of the success of the Workmen’s Compensation Act is due to his sagacity and clear, swift insight. As a newspaper writer Alex. Wright was one of the most forceful of his time. As a platform speaker, when dealing with a subject with which he was familiar, he was unsurpassed. He had bright, incisive style and a talent for keen analysis. He was at his best when heckled. He courted interruption, for no one could get the better of him in a clash of wits.” In a review of his career, “Saturday Night” spoke of him as “a man of remarkable intellectual powers and charming personality,” and of his youth, “he made a hobby of economics and by the time he was thirty was recognized as one of the ablest writers and speakers on such subjects in this country.” When nickel was discovered in Ontario he urged on the government to establish a customs smelter to treat it, to sell at cost to actual users of it in Canada, and to place a heavy export duty on it, thereby giving Canadians a great advantage in manufacturing high-grade machinery of nickel steel, thus greatly stimulating industry here, and assuring Canada millions of dollars annually from export duty on nickel which outsiders must have at any cost. Instead of this a foreign concern was given a practical monopoly to refine Canadian nickel in the U.S. with the right to sell to Germany or any other enemy of Canada and the empire. Both as writer and speaker he was keenly analytical, logical, and constructive in his chosen style, but in dealing with an unfair opponent he was equally at home in using forceful denunciation, bitter irony, scorching sarcasm, or ludicrous burlesque, while in flashing and apt repartee he was unrivalled. He was widely read in prose and poetry, and, possessing a remarkable memory and facile power of expression, was a charming conversationalist, usually the centre of a group of appreciative auditors in any informal gathering. As raconteur he was inimitable. Continual optimism, constant cheerfulness, and unvarying kindliness were his outstanding characteristics, and won for him the friendship of all who knew him.

Roche, Francis James (Toronto, Ont.), Clerk of Assize of the Supreme Court of Ontario, was Conservative candidate for Parliament in West Ontario in 1900, as also for North Toronto 1904, opposing Sir William Mulock, then Postmaster-General. He practised law in Toronto for several years, and served as a member of the Collegiate Institute Board of Trustees of Toronto from 1902 to 1905. He was appointed Official Referee of the Supreme Court in 1914. Mr. Roche was born at Whitby, Ont., October 10, 1865, the son of John R. Richmond Roche, M.A., and Sarah Danford Bryan Roche. He was educated at the Toronto Collegiate Institute and University College, graduating as B.A. in 1886 and as M.A. with honours in Natural Sciences in the following year. He married Lena, daughter of Hon. Theodore Bruere, attorney-at-law, St. Charles, Mo., U.S.A., and State Senator of Missouri, November 28, 1894. Mr. Roche is a Past-President of the United Irish League of Toronto, and is a member of the Canadian Military Institute and Empire Club of Toronto. He joined “K” Company, Queen’s Own Rifles in 1882, and served later in the Cavalry, retiring in 1910 from the Governor-General’s Body Guard with the rank of Major. An Anglican in religion and a Conservative in politics.

Whitney, Edwin Canfield (Ottawa, Ont.), one of the leading capitalists of that city, and especially identified with the Canadian lumbering industry. He was born at Williamsburg, Ont., in the St. Lawrence Valley, on October 29, 1844, the son of Richard Leet and Clarissa Jane (Fairman) Whitney. The Whitney family is of United Empire Loyalist stock and descended from Henry Whitney, who came to New England from Herefordshire, England, in 1640. The late Sir James Whitney, Prime Minister of Ontario from 1905 to 1914 was an elder brother of the subject of this sketch. Edwin Canfield Whitney was educated at the public schools of his district, and subsequently moved to Minneapolis, Minn., where he engaged in the lumbering industry, and in the course of years built up a substantial fortune. He later removed to Ottawa, where he engaged in the lumber business as General Manager of the St. Anthony Lumber Company, Ltd., until 1912, when he retired from active business with the winding up of the company. He is also Vice-President of the Crow’s Nest Pass Coal Company. He was also one of the directors of the Keewatin Flour Mills Company, Ltd. He is a Director of the Bank of Ottawa and of the Toronto General Trusts Company, Ltd. The philanthropies of Mr. Whitney have been of a most enlightened character. He is one of the Governors of Protestant General Hospital, Ottawa, and in 1905 erected at an expense of $68,000 and presented to the University of Toronto a residence for male students. In the same year he was appointed a Trustee of the University Residence Fund, and in 1906 became one of the Governors of the University proper. Among his other gifts to the institution have been a valuable collection of works on Egypt and its antiquities, now in the University library. In 1911, he made a standing offer of $30,000 toward the erection of a general hospital in Ottawa, if the balance of the required sum could be raised. The good-heartedness and generosity of Mr. Whitney in connection with charities is indeed proverbial with all who know him, and during the great war his gifts to patriotic and other funds were on a generous scale. In association with Mrs. Whitney, he gave $5,000 to Trinity University (of which his brother, Sir James Whitney, was a distinguished graduate), and also a memorial church to the Anglican parish of Williamsburg, Ont., of which he was a member when a boy. Mr. Whitney is an adherent of the Anglican communion, and has on many occasions been a delegate to the Synods of that church. In March, 1879, he married Sarah, widow of the late Glossop McQuire, C.E., and daughter of the late J. P. Chrysler, M.P.P. Mrs. Whitney is also interested in philanthropic effort, and has been especially active in the Ottawa Humane Society. In politics Mr. Whitney is an independent. He is a member of the Masonic order and of the Country and Hunt Clubs, Ottawa.

Vaughan, Marshall (Welland, Ont.), is one of the leading business men of the Niagara peninsula, and was born at Elcho, Gainsboro township, Lincoln County, Ont., on March 16, 1884. His father was Wilford Vaughan, and his mother’s maiden name was Orpha Augusta Evans. The Vaughans and the Evans were United Empire Loyalists, who came to Canada from New Jersey and Virginia after the American Revolution, and the names in both cases indicate Welsh descent. The subject of this sketch was educated at Smithville Collegiate Institute, and later commenced his business career in Welland, where his firm deals extensively in wholesale seeds and are growers, re-cleaners and exporters of those commodities. Mr. Vaughan has also taken an active part in the municipal affairs of Welland. He had the honour of being elected Mayor of that municipality for 1917, the year in which it achieved the status of a city, and on July 1, of that year presided over the inauguration proceedings in connection with that happy event. He also filled the office of Mayor for the year 1918, having been re-elected by acclamation. He takes an active part in all movements for the advancement of Canada from every standpoint, and is especially interested in proposals to obtain increased agricultural production. Mr. Vaughan is an Anglican in religion, and a Conservative-Unionist in politics, and during the great war was the representative of the Royal Flying Corps for the promotion of recruiting in his district. He is a member of the Masonic and Orange orders, and also of the Knights of Pythias, and belongs to the Welland Club, the Temple Club, the Country Club of Lawrence County, N.Y., and the Buffalo Automobile Club. On December 13, 1911, he married Evelyn Maud, daughter of Albert House, of Ancaster, Ont.

Wylie, Newton (Toronto, Ont.), Journalist and Student of and Lecturer on Social and Political Economy and Affairs, son of John H. Wylie and Mary Jane Bernhardt, was born on September 12, 1892, at Toronto, and received his education at the Orangeville High School, Calgary Normal School, University of Toronto and Harvard University, graduating in 1917. When but a boy in his early student days, he interested himself in public affairs, and early gave evidence of talent both as a writer and a public speaker. Mr. Wylie is noted particularly for his work as a prohibition propagandist. He was the chief instrument in organizing the Ontario Young Manhood Association, which in 1914 presented a petition signed by 10,000 young Conservatives in Ontario to the late Sir James P. Whitney, then Prime Minister of the Province, asking provincial prohibition, and which contested unsuccessfully the constituency of Parkdale in the general election of June in that year. Mr. Wylie is also credited with having originated the Citizens’ Committee of One Hundred, of which he became General Secretary, and organized the six months’ whirlwind campaign throughout Ontario which resulted in the passing of the Ontario Temperance Act in March, 1916. Previous to that he had participated in the provincial prohibition campaign in Alberta in 1915, touring that Province and speaking in all the chief cities, as well as invading some of the mining districts. Mr. Wylie is a close personal friend of “Billy” Sunday, and has spoken on “No Booze” in the noted evangelist’s tabernacles in Trenton, Baltimore, and Boston. For some years he was a member of the staff of the “Globe,” Toronto, and wrote over the pseudonym of “Will Silo.” He has also contributed to several other newspapers and magazines. Twice since the outbreak of the war he offered his services to the army, but each time was rejected on account of injuries received in a serious automobile accident in 1913. He has, however, taken a prominent part in recruiting work, giving his services freely as a speaker and as an organizer in various schemes for raising funds, especially in connection with the 126th, 182nd and 201st Battalions. He is a member of the following clubs:—Canadian Club, Toronto Board of Trade, Walt Whitman, Harvard Union, Toronto Press Club, Toronto Canoe Club, Ontario Young Manhood Association, Citizens’ Committee of One Hundred, Canadian Suffrage Association, National Brotherhood Federation, Social Service Council of Canada, Canadian Red Cross Society, Canadian Patriotic Fund Association, Y.M.C.A., A-R Men’s Association. In religion Mr. Wylie is a Presbyterian, and in politics an independent.

Mackenzie, Daniel D., M.P. for the riding of North Victoria, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, is one of the most prominent representatives of the Liberal party in the House of Commons, and served as Parliamentary leader of that party following the death of Sir Wilfrid Laurier in February, 1919, until the return to the House of Hon. W. L. M. King, the leader elected by the National Liberal Convention which assembled in the summer of the same year. He was born on January 8, 1859, at Lake Ainslie, in the heart of the Highland Scottish settlements of that island, the son of Duncan and Jessie (McMillan) Mackenzie. He was educated at the Public Schools and at the Sydney (C.B.) Academy, and became a barrister and attorney-at-law, practising at North Sydney. He early became prominent in politics, and has been a most successful candidate. In nearly a score of elections, municipal, provincial and federal, where he has been a candidate, he has never met defeat. He served as Commissioner of Schools for Cape Breton for a time, and was elected ten times to the Municipal Council of North Sydney, serving as Mayor for five years. He was elected to the Nova Scotia Legislature in 1900 as a Liberal, and again at the general elections of 1901. Prior to the general elections for the House of Commons in 1904, he resigned his seat in the Legislature to become a Federal candidate and was elected. He resigned, and was appointed Judge of District No. 7, County Court of Nova Scotia, on February 16, 1906, continuing in that office until October 15, 1908, when he retired and became again a candidate for the House of Commons. He was elected, and was equally successful at the general elections of 1911 and 1917. When the House assembled after the latter contest, he was the chosen desk-mate of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, then leader of the Opposition; and on the death of that statesman was elected by the Liberal caucus to the Parliamentary leadership. At the National Liberal Convention of August, 1919, he unwillingly allowed his name to go before the delegates chosen to elect a leader, yielding to pressure from his Scottish friends in Nova Scotia, but on the election of Mr. King extended to the latter his heartiest co-operation and support. At the conclusion of the regular Parliamentary session of 1918-9, he had the honour of seconding Sir Robert Borden’s resolution of thanks to the Canadian troops who had fought and died on the battlefields of France and Flanders. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and on January 28, 1891, he married Miss Florence N. McDonald, by whom he has one son, Charles Russell Mackenzie, born May 5, 1895. His home is at North Sydney, C.B.

Coristine, Major Stanley B., is a member of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada, with headquarters in Ottawa, and had a distinguished career in the great war. He was born at Montreal, Que., the son of James Coristine, a prominent business man of that city; was educated at the Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont., from which he graduated in 1906, and also took a course at McGill University, Montreal. After graduation he was for a time connected with James Coristine & Co., Ltd., but on the outbreak of the war immediately offered himself for service overseas, and on September 10, 1914, was gazetted Captain of the 5th Royal Highlanders of Montreal, becoming Adjutant of the regiment on October 1 of that year. On permission being granted to organize the 42nd Battalion, R.H.C., he was appointed adjutant for the period of organization and when the Battalion went overseas was at his own request placed in command of a company. The 42nd Battalion was transferred to France in October, 1915, and took part in much heavy fighting. In June, 1916, during the heavy fighting at Ypres, known as the “June show” he was seriously wounded and after two months in hospital was sent home to Canada. In April, 1917, he was discharged as permanently unfit for further service at the front, and in May of that year was appointed Secretary of the Pensions Board of Canada. He showed a very exceptional capacity for dealing with the problems which came before the Board, and his military record gained him the confidence of the many injured soldiers with whom his duties brought him in contact. In 1918 he was appointed a Commissioner to fill the vacancy created on the Board by the resignation of Major J. L. Todd, and the choice was generally approved in military circles throughout Canada. He is a Protestant and a member of St. Paul’s Lodge, A.F. & A.M. His recreations are golf and tennis, and he is a member of the following clubs: St. James and University, Montreal; Rideau, and Country, Ottawa. In 1909 he married Nina, daughter of John McLean, Montreal, and has three sons: Philip, born 1910; Edward, born 1912; and James, born 1918.

Watson, Senator Robert, moved from Ontario to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, in 1876, where he built a mill, and later built another mill at Stonewall. He prospered, became popular, and was well received and appreciated by the entire community, irrespective of politics. Owing to his enterprising activities, his generosity, and his sympathetic and tangible conduct towards those less fortunate than he, he was soon elected to the Municipal Council, and as a councillor was instrumental in the adoption of municipal measures that aided in a marked degree the progressive and harmonious state of affairs in that thriving town. The Provincial Government and the Province’s representative in the House of Commons had been Conservative from the time, July 15, 1870, the Province entered Confederation, and with the return of the Conservatives to power at Ottawa in 1878, and Hon. John Norquay as Prime Minister, President of the Council, and Provincial Treasurer at Winnipeg, and four Conservative spokesmen for the Province occupying seats in the House of Commons, the young Province was but a helpless political toy in the hands of those who were elected to, and should have, looked after its best interests. Suffering for want of proper railway facilities, the situation became unbearable. Led by Hon. John Norquay, Provincial railway charters were being issued, only later to be disallowed by the Dominion Government, all of which, while the public was being led to believe differently, was fully understood and agreed upon beforehand by both Governments. Something had to be done to save the Province, and to place it on a higher plane. An agitation arose, several indignation meetings were held and finally, in the town of Portage la Prairie, the Provincial Rights Party was born, and Robert Watson, Portage la Prairie’s millwright, became the ideal candidate of the party to carry the banner for Marquette at the general Dominion election. In each of the five Manitoba Dominion constituencies (a new constituency for the Province had been created by the Dominion Government), a Provincial Rights Party candidate was nominated, and three of the five were elected, Winnipeg and Provencher, with Captain Thos. Scott and Joseph Royal, remained Conservative, but Lisgar, Marquette and Selkirk, with A. W. Ross, Robert Watson and Hugh Sutherland, became Provincial Rights constituencies. Out of these three, however—Ross, Watson and Sutherland—from and including 1882 and 1887, Mr. Watson was practically the only Liberal member in the House of Commons west of Lake Superior, and he is just as true and reliable to-day as he was when he first entered political life in 1882. Senator Robert Watson is the son of the late George Watson, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1847, and his wife Elizabeth McDonald, of Inverness-shire, Scotland. He was born at Elora, Ontario, April 29, 1853. In 1876, he moved to Manitoba, and was elected to the House of Commons for Marquette at the general elections in 1882, 1887 and 1891. He resigned to accept the portfolio of Minister of Public Works in the Greenway Administration, 1892, and was elected at the general elections of that year to the Legislature for Portage la Prairie, and again at the general election of 1896. At the general election of 1899 he was defeated. January 29, 1900, he was summoned to the Senate. July, 1880, Senator Watson married Isabella, daughter of Duncan Brown, of Lobo, Ontario. He is a Presbyterian, and his home address is Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

Sutherland, Fred C., Stock Broker, 12 King St. East, Toronto, was born March 17, 1880, in West River, Nova Scotia, and received his education at Pictou Academy. He entered his present business in 1909 and became actively engaged in the development of Northern Ontario’s natural resources, being instrumental in bringing in hundreds of thousands of dollars for the advancement of mining interests in the districts of Porcupine, Kirkland Lake, West Shining Tree and Fort Matachewan. The firm of F. C. Sutherland & Co. is one of the largest of its kind in Canada, besides its large and finely appointed head office, having branch offices in Montreal, Boston, Springfield, Buffalo, Detroit and New York. He has surrounded himself with a staff of the most capable mining experts, and his sound judgment, based on first-hand information has proven of great value to his large clientele of investors. Though his time is constantly in demand by his clients and the investing public as well as in directing both internal and external affairs of his extensive interests he is invariably genial and unruffled, having the happy faculty of being able to divert his attention rapidly from one subject to another yet keeping closely in touch with each till disposed of. He is a member of The Board of Trade, the Lambton Golf Club, a Protestant, a Unionist in politics and the possessor of an unusually pleasing personality.

Taylor, Lt.-Col. Hon. George (Gananoque), the second son of the late William Taylor and his wife Ann Graham, both of the north of Ireland. Was born at Lansdowne, County Leeds, Ontario, March 31, 1840, and has been for years one of the most popular figures in the public life of this Dominion. Educated in the Public Schools of Lansdowne, the Hon. Mr. Taylor began life in the mercantile business as a clerk in a country general store at the age of eleven years, where he worked for £1 a month, and continued with the same firm as partner over twenty-five years. On retiring from the mercantile business above mentioned, the Hon. Mr. Taylor re-organized the Ontario Wheel Company, to manufacture carriage wheels, and has been President of the Company for thirty years. He has been Reeve of Gananoque for seven years, and Warden of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, of which he was County Auditor, 1881. Was first elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative candidate for the County of Leeds in the general elections of 1882, and was re-elected at every general election held since up to 1911 when he resigned his seat to create a vacancy for Sir Thomas White, who had been appointed Minister of Finance in the Borden Cabinet. During his long parliamentary career Hon. Mr. Taylor was chief Whip of the Conservative party for twenty-five years under Sir John A. MacDonald, Sir John Abbott, Sir John Thompson, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Sir Charles Tupper and Sir Robert Borden. Shortly after his retirement from the House of Commons, on November 17, 1911, the subject of this sketch was summoned to the Senate, and since his appointment to the Upper Chamber has taken an active part in its deliberations. On retiring from the House of Commons, he received a handsome testimonial of esteem from his colleagues. Hon. Mr. Taylor, during his career in public life, has always received the good will of all classes of citizens. He is the soul of good humor, broadminded, generous and a liberal gentleman, and has been called “The John Hampden” of this Dominion. He is the Honorary Colonel of the 156th Battalion of Leeds and Grenville and President of the Peace River Land Company and a member of the following societies: Orange, Masonic, Oddfellows, United Workmen, Royal Arcanum and Foresters. Senator Taylor was married on September 10, 1863, to Margaret Ann Latimer, daughter of James and Ellen Latimer and ward of Major James Kirker of Gananoque. They celebrated their golden wedding Sept. 10, 1913. Mrs. Taylor died Mar. 12, 1917. Mr. Taylor afterwards married Lilian Coleman, daughter of the late Mr. Anson Clark Coleman and his wife Hannah Witton, of Delta, both Canadians of English descent.

Richardson, John (Toronto, Ont.), was born in Scarboro Township, County of York, Ontario, in 1843, on the farm of his father, the late Ezekiel Richardson. He received his education at the Public School, Scarboro Village, at the Grammar School, Markham Village, and at Victoria College, Cobourg. After completing his education he returned to his old home and engaged in the business of farming until 1894. Early in life he took an active interest in public affairs in his native township. In 1875 he was induced to accept nomination and was a successful candidate for a seat in the Township Council and was re-elected for nineteen years consecutively, three years as Councilman, two years as Deputy Reeve and fourteen years as Reeve. In 1885 he was elected Warden of the County of York, the highest municipal position in the County. The City of Toronto and the County of York are united for judicial purposes. Mr. Richardson was for many years Chairman of the Legislation Committee and as such had much to do with framing legislation beneficial to the Metropolitan City and County. In December, 1894, he retired from the Reeveship of Scarboro, he having been elected by the constituency of East York as their representative in the Ontario Legislature, which position he held for ten years, being re-elected in 1892 and 1902. He was a Liberal in politics and was a supporter of the administrations of Sir Oliver Mowat, Hon. A. S. Hardy and Sir George W. Ross. In 1902 he lost his health, the strenuous life of a politician was too severe for him. In 1904 he was compelled to forego his political ambitions and withdraw from political life. In December of that year Sir George W. Ross, then Premier of Ontario, appointed him to the position of Clerk of the County Court of the County of York, which position he held until his death. Mr. Richardson’s father emigrated from the North of Ireland in 1824, and settled in Scarboro. In 1831 he married Miss Mary Hunter, an English girl. Their descendants being five sons and four daughters. James and Ezekiel, who were ordained Methodist Ministers, and Joseph and Samuel, who graduated in medicine, now deceased. Three sisters survive—Mrs. A. Barber, Bowmanville; Mrs. E. Draper and Mrs. H. Aylard, of Toronto. He was a Director of the York Fire Insurance Co., a member of the Acacia Lodge A.F. & A.M., and a Methodist in religion. He was a philanthropist, in a quiet way, many owing their success in life to his generosity. By his honest and straightforward actions in both his political and private life, he won the confidence and respect of the community at large. Mr. Richardson died at Toronto, in September, 1914, after a very active career.

Doughty, Arthur George, M.A., C.M.G., Litt.D., LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.R.C.I., Archivist for the Dominion of Canada, is perhaps the greatest living authority on Canadian history, and a scholar of international repute. He was born at Maidenhead, England, on March 22, 1860, the son of William John Doughty. He was educated at the public schools, Maidenhead, Lord Eldon College, London, New Inn Hall, Oxford University, and Dickenson College, Carlisle, when he was awarded the M.A. degree in 1890. Ten years later he became Docteur de Lettres of Laval University, Montreal, and in 1912 received the Honorary Degree of LL.D. at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. As a young man Dr. Doughty contemplated entering the Church, and was engaged in religious work at All Hallows Mission, Southwark, London, and in other institutions. Circumstances, however, altered this intention and in the nineties he came to Canada and was engaged for a time in commercial pursuits at Montreal, utilizing his leisure for literary work. In 1897 he was appointed Private Secretary to the Minister of Public Works at Quebec, and in 1899-1901 served in a similar capacity with the Provincial Treasurer of Quebec. In the latter year he was appointed joint librarian of the Quebec Legislature, and on May 16, 1904, became Dominion Archivist and Keeper of the Records for Canada, with headquarters in the Archives Building, Ottawa. His indefatigable labors in that office have raised it to very large importance. In 1907 he was appointed a member of the Canadian Historical Manuscripts Commission, and in 1908 a member of the literary committee of the Quebec Battlefields Commission. In 1909 he became a member of the Dominion Geographic Board. One of the greatest historical services he has been able to render Canada was at the conclusion of the great war in 1918 when he went to Great Britain and France and secured a magnificent collection of war trophies as the permanent possession of Canada, to be apportioned among various Canadian cities. Dr. Doughty early acquired rare skill as an illuminator on vellum and decorated the book presented to the present King and Queen on their visit to Quebec in 1901. He is also an expert in shorthand, and has published an edition of Tennyson’s “In Memoriam” in that script. At the same time he has been prolific in many forms of literary effort, as the following list of publications shows: “The Life and Works of Lord Tennyson,” 1893; “Rose Leaves,” 1894; “The Song Story of Francesco and Beatrice,” 1896; “Nugæ Canoræ,” 1897; “The Site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham,” 1918; “The Siege of Quebec,” in six volumes, 1901-2 (written in collaboration with George W. Parmalee); “The Struggle for Supremacy,” 1905; “Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada” (with Prof. Adam Shortt), 1907; “The Cradle of New France,” 1908; “Index and Dictionary of Canadian History” (with L. J. Burpee), 1911; joint editor of “Canada and Its Provinces,” in twenty-two volumes; joint editor of “Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada from 1791 to 1818,” published 1914; Editor of General Knox’s “Journal of Campaigns in North America,” published in three volumes by the Champlain Society, 1914; “The Acadian Exiles,” 1915; “A Daughter of New France,” 1915. Dr. Doughty has also contributed to the Encyclopedia Brittanica, Encyclopedia Americana, the Catholic Encyclopedia, and to many magazines and historical journals. His lighter efforts have included the libretto of a comic opera “Bonnie Prince Charlie.” He is a member of the Canadian Society of Authors, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain, and a member of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. In 1905 he was honored with the decoration of C.M.G. He married, first, Bertha Van Kehrweider, in June, 1886, who died January, 1910; secondly, Kathleen Rathbun Browne, daughter of George A. Browne, Montreal, in June, 1911. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, and is a member of the Rideau Club, and the Ottawa Golf Club. He resides at 490 Wilbrod St., Ottawa.

McFall, Robert James, B.A., A.M., Ph.D., of Ottawa, Ont., is one of the best known economists and statisticians of Canada. He was born at Somerset, Nova Scotia, on January 7, 1887, the son of Rev. Thomas McFall, a Reformed Presbyterian clergyman, and his wife, Anna Lyons. His education was remarkably complete. After studying at the public schools of Nova Scotia he went to Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Penna., graduating with the degree of B.A. in 1912. This was followed by post-graduate courses at Glasgow University, Scotland, and Columbia University, New York City. He took a scholarship at the latter institution in 1913, and in 1914 captured the Garth Fellowship in Political Economy—a much-coveted honor. He received the degree of A.M. in 1914 and Ph.D. in 1916. For two years, 1915-17, he had charge of the work in Transportation and Commerce in the Department of Economics at the University of Minnesota, and in 1917 returned to Canada to become Chief of the Internal Trade Division, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, at Ottawa. In August of that year he also became statistician of the Canada Food Board, an office he held until February, 1919. He served also as Cost of Living Commissioner from May, 1918, to August, 1919, when the work of this office was merged in that of the Board of Commerce. During his tenure of office as Cost of Living Commissioner Dr. McFall proved most efficient and won high encomiums for his fearless performance of his duties. Among his publications is a valuable treatise on the transportation question “Railway Monopoly and Rate Regulation,” published in 1916 by Longmans, Green & Company. In addition to various official reports he has written numerous magazine and newspaper articles on the subject of transportation and food supplies, for American and Canadian publications. He is a member of the American Economic Association and of the Canadian Club, Ottawa. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and in politics, independent. On September 29, 1917, he married Marjorie, daughter of Rev. E. S. Carr, D.D., Peoria, Ill., and has one daughter, Alice, born November 6, 1918. His residence is at 353 Frank St., Ottawa.

Amyot, Lieut.-Col. John A., C.M.G., Deputy Minister of the Federal Department of Public Health, Ottawa, is an authority on the subject of public sanitation and the prevention of disease. He was born at Toronto on July 25, 1867, the son of John F. Amyot, a railroad man, and his wife, Sophie Féré. He was educated at the separate schools, St. Thomas, Ont., Assumption College, Sandwich, Ont. and at the University of Toronto, from which he graduated with the degree of M.B. in 1891. He was immediately appointed a house surgeon of Toronto General Hospital, serving for one year; and from 1892 to 1900 was Demonstrator in Pathology on the University of Toronto Medical Faculty. From 1894 to 1898 he was Assistant Surgeon at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, and from 1898 to 1900, Surgeon. Among other professional offices he filled were those of Lecturer in Comparative Physiology at the Ontario Veterinary College, 1898-1908; Director of the Laboratory of the Provincial Board of Health, Ontario, 1900-1918; Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Toronto, 1900-09, and Professor of Hygiene at the same institution, 1909-1918. A year before the outbreak of the great war he had become identified with the Canadian Army Medical Corps and held the commission of D.A.D.M.S. (Sanitation) for the 2nd Canadian Divisional Area, from 1913 to 1915. In that capacity he had much to do with preserving the health of large bodies of troops who were placed in training in that area after the outbreak of the war in 1914. In the spring of 1915 he went to England on staff of No. 4 Can. Gen. Hospital, was made officer in charge of Sanitation, 2nd Canadian Division whilst in England, and in the latter part of that year was transferred to France as O.C. of the Sanitary Section of the 1st Canadian Division. In 1916 he became Chief Adviser in Sanitation with the Canadian Army Corps in France, and later in the same year was seconded to the Imperial forces as D.A.D.M.S. (Sanitation) with the 2nd British Army in France. From 1916 to 1918 he was also Consultant in Sanitation with the Canadian Overseas Forces, England. The low percentage of deaths from communicable disease in the British and Canadian armies during the war, was regarded as miraculous when compared with the statistics of all past wars, and to this desirable condition, which greatly aided in the victory, Lieut.-Col. Amyot is considered as having largely contributed. He was twice mentioned in despatches for service under fire while in France in 1916, and three times won similar recognition for his zeal in combatting disease among the troops in England. In recognition of his abilities he was personally decorated with the C.M.G. by His Majesty. In July, 1919, he was appointed by the administration of Sir Robert Borden, Deputy Minister of the newly created Department of Public Health, and entrusted with the work of organizing it on modern lines. Col. Amyot’s writings include various papers on questions of public health published in Canada and the United States. He has also collaborated on Technical commissions in connection with the United States and Canadian Public Health Associations, and the Ontario and Canadian Medical Associations. He is also a co-director of the International Waterways Commission, and in that capacity has conducted investigations on the pollution of the waters of the Great Lakes. He is a Roman Catholic in religion and a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, the University and Canadian Clubs, Toronto, and the Faculty Union of Toronto University. On May 21, 1895, he married Mary J. Keller, daughter of Francis and Mary (Stuart) Keller, Whitby, Ont., and has five sons and two daughters, John Francis, Gregory Féré, William Keller, Joseph, Mary, Francis and Sophie. His residence is at Slater St., Ottawa.

Owens, Edward W. J., K.C., M.P.P. for South-East Toronto, has represented that constituency for two parliaments, having been re-elected by a handsome majority at the general elections in 1914. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, and received his early education there, in Manchester, England, and in the Forrest City. He became a student-at-law in the office of Cronyn and Greenlees, of London, and shortly after passing the bar removed to Toronto, where he joined the firm of Leys, Reid and Owens, the head of the firm being the late John Leys, Q.C., M.P.P. He later practised for a number of years by himself, subsequently forming the firm of Owens, Proudfoot, and Cooke, with offices at 32-34 Adelaide Street East. He is now head of the firm of Owens and Goodman at the above address, and enjoys an extensive and constantly growing practice. His manner is extremely affable, never ruffled, and constantly active. Since coming to Toronto, he always took an active part in the Conservative interest, and for years was President of the Central Conservative Association before being elected member of the Legislature. He can speak well and to the point when occasion demands, but has earned the reputation of taking up less time on the floor of the house than any other member of equal ability. He is unmarried, but has none of the crotchety characteristics sometimes attributed to the bachelor of middle age.

Hook, Thomas, M.P.P. for South-East Toronto was born in England, and when a very small boy came to Canada with his parents about the time of Confederation. The family settled in London, Ont., where his father engaged in business as a contractor. The firm of Hook and Toll built the Military School in London as well as other buildings well known in that city and vicinity. On leaving school, the subject of this sketch spent three years in the office of E. Jones Parke, Q.C., and then joined the staff of the Dominion Savings and Investment Society. He resigned his position in this company some twenty years ago, and removed to Toronto, where he became engaged in the real estate business, which he still conducts at 79 Victoria Street. At an early age he took great interest in politics, and on his arrival in Toronto soon became a well known and active worker for the Conservative party in the city. For years he held different offices in the local Conservative organizations, and in 1907 he was elected President of Ward 3 Conservative Association, holding that position for the unprecedented period of seven years, till elected to his present position in 1914 for seat “B” in South-East Toronto by a large majority. During the war he was untiring in his recruiting efforts. He is a fluent and forceful speaker, with marked executive ability, a genial manner, and sociable disposition. Though a straight party man, he is independent and outspoken, and may be expected to leave the impress of his personality on the Legislature in the not distant future. The family—including a son recently returned from service overseas—reside at No. 1 Rathnally Ave.

Donovan, Albert Edward, M.P.P., representative of the riding of Brockville in the Ontario Legislature, is one of the most widely known publicists of that province, and is also known throughout the Dominion as an insurance expert. He was born at Portland, Leeds County, Ont., on February 5, 1859, the son of John and Margaret Donovan. His grandfather was a native of Tipperary, Ireland, who adopted the profession of law, and coming to Canada settled at Forfar, Leeds County, where he became the first legal practitioner in that district. His father was a mechanic and ship’s carpenter. The subject of this sketch was educated at the public and high schools of Athens, Ont., and afterward taught school for a number of years. Subsequently, he entered the life insurance business, and became one of the most successful writers of policies in America. In the early nineties, he represented the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada in Great Britain for two years, and subsequently returned to this country to associate himself with the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, the oldest Company of its kind in America. He was appointed Superintendent of Agencies for the Maritime Provinces, with headquarters at Halifax, and subsequently moved to Toronto as Superintendent for Ontario. In 1905 he became manager for this province, a position he still holds. He has become largely identified with the financial interests of the province, and is one of the greatest authorities on life insurance as an investment proposition in this or any other country. The sum total of the policies he has written would run into millions, and many of them have reached large sums like $100,000 or $200,000. After moving to Toronto, he still maintained a home at Athens, Ont., where he became largely interested in agriculture, and at one time owned farm property in the Brockville district. It was because of his loyal attachment to the county of his birth that in 1905 the Conservatives of Brockville riding tendered him the nomination for the Legislature in opposition to the sitting member, Hon. George P. Graham, at that time a member of the Ross Government. Though his party was successful at the polls, Mr. Donovan was unable to overcome the personal following of Mr. Graham in the Brockville district. Subsequently, in 1907, when Mr. Graham retired from the Ontario Legislature to join the Laurier cabinet at Ottawa, Mr. Donovan was again nominated and at a by-election in October, 1907, was successful in redeeming the riding by a large majority. His victory was the more signal, inasmuch as Brockville had sent a Liberal member to the Legislature at every election for many years, and was regarded as impregnable by that party. Though on each occasion strongly opposed, Mr. Donovan was again elected by large majorities at the general elections of 1908, 1911 and 1914. From the occasion of his first speech in the Ontario Legislature, he has been recognized as an important factor in the deliberations of that body, his fine oratorical gifts being as marked as the sound intellectual quality of his deliverances. On many occasions regret has been expressed that Mr. Donovan’s business interests have precluded his accepting cabinet preferment. During the late war he turned his abilities as a speaker to patriotic uses, and is credited with having recruited more men for the Canadian army than any other member of either the House of Commons or the various legislatures of this country. His efforts covered the entire province of Ontario, and in the year 1915 he individually secured the enlistment of 1,260 soldiers. Personally, he is popular with men of all shades of opinion, and is a member of the Albany Club, Toronto, the Brockville Club, and the Canadian Club, Toronto, and of the Executive of the Empire Club of Canada. In religion he is a Methodist, and is a member of the A.F. and A.M. and the I.O.O.F. He married Ella B., daughter of Duncan Fisher, and has two sons, Albert Edward and John Alexander, and one daughter, Helen M. Donovan. His residence is at 284 Huron Street, Toronto.

Crannell, Levi, is one of the leading lumbermen of Ottawa, with interests that embrace both Canada and the United States; and has also played a prominent part in public affairs at the Canadian capital. He was born in Albany, N.Y., on October 7, 1842, the son of Henry and Eliza Crannell. His father was a prominent lumberman of the ante-bellum period in New York State, and the subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of Albany, with a view to taking up the same line of activity. At the time he attained manhood, Ottawa was, as now, a centre of the lumbering industry. Coming to Canada many years ago, Mr. Crannell became associated with the business now known as the Bronson Company, Limited, ground wood pulp and lumber manufacturers, Ottawa, of which he is still an active partner. This company is the offspring of an old lumber firm established at Bytown (the early name of Ottawa) in 1852 by J. J. Harris and Henry Franklin Bronson, both of whom came from the United States to operate newly-acquired timber limits. Mr. Harris retired in 1864, and for over forty years thereafter the business was carried on under the name of the Bronson and Weston Lumber Company, until the present title was adopted. Mr. Crannell threw himself heart and soul into the aspirations of the young Canadian nation, and became a naturalized citizen in 1875. His interests have expanded with the times, and now include California as well as the Ottawa Valley. A good many years ago, foreseeing the growth of the redwood industry on the Pacific Coast, he acquired timber properties there, and twelve years ago the Little River Redwood Company, of Budwinkie, California, commenced manufacturing operations. Of this company Mr. Crannell is President, and other members of the Bronson firm directors and shareholders. By this industry Budwinkie has been turned into a happy and flourishing industrial centre. Direct railroad connections with the mills have been established, and handsome houses built by the company for all employees, married or single. For the latter class, the company operates a community dining room, at which from 350 to 400 meals are served daily. It is evidence of the growing international importance of the redwood industry that over one-third of the company’s manufactured product is exported to other countries, and the demand both foreign and domestic is constantly growing. It is a cedar of exquisite quality, and in its finished condition makes a very handsome article. The American interests of Mr. Crannell have not prevented his playing an important part in public life. He served as alderman from 1889 to 1892, and sat on the following municipal committees: Water Works, Board of Health, Printing, Fire and Light, and Court of Revision. When nominated for mayor of that city in 1896, his requisition paper was signed by over one thousand ratepayers, representing all creeds and classes. His integrity, energy and independence of thought are proverbial among those who know him, and he is generous in his contributions to philanthropic objects. The benefactions of the Bronson firm since its earliest days are well known, and have brought cheer and happiness to hundreds of poor homes at Christmas time and during hard winters. Mr. Crannell has been an especially good friend to the Orphans’ Home, the Old Men’s Home, and, indeed, all hospitals and charitable institutions in Ottawa owe much to his generosity and initiative. He has twice been married: on the first occasion on November 11, 1863, to Julia A. Woolcott, and secondly, on January 26, 1876 to Gertrude E., daughter of the late Henry F. Bronson, of Ottawa. He has three sons, Edward Wilber, Alfred Raymond, and Levi Wilfrid, and two adopted daughters, Edith L. and Jennie G. Crannell. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Unionist.

Cudmore, Sedley Anthony, B.A. (Oxon.) is Chief of Educational Statistics in connection with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics at Ottawa. He was born at Millstreet, County Cork, Ireland, the son of Thomas Gardiner Cudmore and his wife, Caroline Ellen Sedley. His maternal grandfather, Lt.-Col. Anthony Gardiner Sedley was Governor of the Military Knights of Windsor, a Royal appointment of high distinction. The subject of this sketch was educated at public schools of Ireland, and later at the public and high schools of Brampton, Ontario, the University of Toronto, where he graduated with the degree of B.A. in 1905, and the University of Oxford, where he took a post-graduate course and obtained the degree of B.A. in 1907. On his return from Oxford, he was appointed Assistant Professor in Political Economy at the University of Toronto, and in 1919 was selected for the above-named office in connection with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Mr. Cudmore has been active with his pen in connection with economic subjects. He is the author of “Economics for Canadian Students,” published by the Shaw Correspondence School of Toronto, and has been a contributor to the “University of Toronto Review,” the “Review of Historical Publications,” the “Canadian Magazine,” and other important journals. In 1910, he married Phoebie Amelia Magee, B.A. (Tor.), a daughter of John James Magee, well known as a High School teacher at Port Hope and Uxbridge, and has one son, James Sedley Cudmore, born 1916. He is a member of the University of Toronto Faculty Union, and his favourite recreations are cycling and tennis. In religion he is an Anglican, and in politics a Conservative.