INDEX. (continued 10)

His lordship’s tour has been an extended one of some sixty-four days. His up voyage to Abbitibi has already been described in our columns. The story of the trip from Abbitibi northwards will be narrated in a series of articles containing, besides the description itself, copious and reliable information on the agricultural, mineral and timber interests of this vast expanse of virgin soil. Suffice it to say now that the Temiscamingue region is represented as waiting colonization; and that from the height of land northwards, a stretch of 150 miles across, extending indefinitely east and west, gains, by lowness of the situation, a mildness of temperature that probably lasts long enough to mature the luxuriant growth of early vegetation. Around Hudson Bay and for a considerable distance southwards, the land is low, swampy, and impoverished; the soil unproductive and the timbers dwarfed. Geological specimens have been brought back by the party, and sketches of the more picturesque points have been taken by the master hand of Father Paradis. Travelling through these northern wilds, while it may have its interest for the geologist or the artist, is by no means the embodiment of physical happiness. On water and on land the inconveniences are many and annoying. To paddle over rough waves and through beating rain, to portage a hundred rapids, some of them three miles in length, over rocks and ravines and fallen trees, through wet and tangled grass and brushwood; to camp in swarms of mosquitoes and sand-flies, on swampy ground, where more than once after the tents had been beaten through by nights of falling rain, a half a foot of water has flooded the tent-floor, branches and blankets; to wade knee deep for a mile or even two miles through sharp cut stones and slough and water, in the endeavour to reach the shore and wait the tide that alone can give sufficient depth on certain parts of James Bay, to bear along a laden canoe; to endure all this and more, is but a specimen of the hardships gone through by travellers to these northern districts. Though the Indians are cool intrepid guides, the most provoking shortcomings have to be accepted from their hands, no matter how reluctantly, still with silence and patience. On the water they work well, but once on shore, to camp for the night, or to get out of catching gales, or at the posts where missions are given, it is almost impossible to get them under way again; teasing disappointments and delay, an axe, a blanket, a tin pan left behind prolong the stay, and time is killed, and programmes spoiled, and patience tried. The fiercest storm encountered, perhaps, was on the 24th of June, the day after the party left Abbitibi, when the thermometer fell 43°, and the north-western extremity of the lake rolled mountain high before the sweeping hurricane. To advance was impossible; the camp was pitched, and beneath the swaying trees, and storming rain, the day was passed wretchedly beyond description. Disappointments like this have often to be encountered on the trip. They are annoying in more ways than one. Even the provisions stand a chance of running short, the more so as the Indians, during these delays, pass the time in gorging, being content with nothing less than half a dozen meals each day. The portages from Abbitibi to Moose Factory are twenty-one in number; some of them may be run in a canoe, but the greater number have to be footed. From the 25th to the 27th of June the voyage was agreeable enough, excepting that at times, and for a distance, during these days, of fifteen miles, the oft repeated feat of wading waist deep through water and struggling along rugged banks, had to be resorted to through sheer necessity of making any headway. On the 28th the hair-breadth escape of the journey occurred. It was the Rapide de L’Île. Ordinarily the rapid is run without imminent risk by keeping aloof from the whirling eddy half way down its course; but the bowsman did slovenly work, and before the approach of danger was realized the canoe was sucked into the engulfing seething pool, and was spun twice around as on a pivot, in the very centre of the rapid where the broken waves leaped high, and the foam splashed fiercely, blinding the paddlers and filling the boat. Two feet more and the canoe was beyond all rescue. It was a thrilling moment. Death, swift and sure, was but the moiety of a minute off; but the long-made resolves of coolness in case of such an accident stood well to the occupants of the boat. The steersman—the most intrepid perhaps on the northern waters—muttered one short monosyllable, and in the twinkling of an eye every paddle was in its position, and the canoe leaped forward, rocked in the hollows of the waves and forced sideways up the billows to be hurled down again below, till the main current was reached, one stroke of the brave steersman swung it half round and sent it dashing down to the more placid waters at the foot of the rapids. “God be blessed,” went up from the hearts of the bishop and his missionaries; and flowing bowls of strong tea rewarded the proud Indians. On the 29th June the party arrived at New-Post, a fort of the Hudson Bay Company, some 150 miles from Abbitibi, and 120 from Moose Factory. Here a mission was given during the day, and at evening the start was made for Moose Factory. Four portages more are passed ere the party reaches Moose Factory on the 2nd July. This fort is the headquarters of the company, and is by far the most important on the whole route. The following morning the canoe heads for Albany, another post of the H. B. Company, situated on the river Albany, which flows into James Bay. But neither the heavens nor the sea was propitious, and nine miles from the Factory the canoe was brought to a stand-still by a face-beating wind, and by a low tide, whose influence is felt even twenty-five miles up the Moose river. For three days the camp is pitched on the river bank, the wind blows, the rain pours down, a tempest rages, it hails and even snows; till a consultation being held, the whole party picked up their effects and put back to Moose. This was on Sunday, the 6th July. On Tuesday a new and more successful departure is made for Albany, which is reached on the 11th of the month. A mission, most gratifying in its results, was given here till the 15th, when the home trip was begun. At Albany there is a magnificent wooden church, 50 feet by 26; tower-crowned, gothic style, and bell-decked. Some 500 Indians are attached to this mission church. On the 18th July, Moose Factory was reached on the home voyage. The next day the canoe is off again for New-Post, but more disappointment is ahead. A high tide coming in at night submerges the canoe and cargo lying on the river shore; and for the following days so strong is the current that 15 miles have to be tramped on foot before New-Post comes in sight. To walk 15 miles is nothing in itself, but to walk 15 miles, up to the waist in cold water, piercing one’s feet with the sharp cornered pebbles of the river bottom, and to drag along a boat and its effects through the opposing stream, all this is something. New-Post is entered on the 25th, and is left the next evening, a large number of Indians accompanying to 15 miles from the post, where, after a portage of three miles in length has been made, mass is celebrated for the crowd on Sunday morning. On the 2nd August the return party arrives at Abbitibi, where a large congregation of Indians are assembled to attend divine services on the following Sunday. On Monday, the 4th August, the prow points towards Temiscamingue, which gives glad welcome to the party on the 7th. The three following days are devoted to the mission; and on Monday afternoon a start is made. The next day, after running five rapids and portaging over three, the party paddled into Mattawa at 8 o’clock in the evening. The voyage home, and reception, we have referred to in the beginning of this article. The trip has been fraught with spiritual blessings for 1,400 Indians, that are proud to be the subjects of the zealous and hard-working bishop of Pembroke. Non recuso laborem, “I flee not work,” we read on his coat-of-arms two years ago, when he took possession of his See in this town. His heart, even then, when he devised this motto, must have beat love for the poor Indians of Hudson Bay.

In 1887, Mgr. Lorrain travelled 1,700 miles on his pastoral visit to the Indian missions on the Upper Ottawa, Rupert’s Land and the Upper St. Maurice. His route was from Ottawa, via Pembroke, to Lakes Temiscamingue, Obaching, Kepewa, etc., thence to the source of the River du Molhe; from here through a chain of lakes to the “Lac Barrière” mission, now on Lake Wapous; thence to Lake Wassepatebi, lying between the province of Quebec and Rupert’s Land; through Cypress Lake, River Pekeskak, by a chain of five lakes, the Laloche river to Lake Waswanipi. The return trip was made by the same route as far as Lake Waswanipi, to the Mekiskan river and the upper waters of the St. Maurice; thence through various lakes, Lake Long, Lake Coucoucache and others to the Grand Piles. This involved a trip of 1,700 miles, mostly by water in bark canoe, occupying two months and six days, and 1,172 miles being travelled by canoe. The portages were from an arpent to four miles long, and there were 157 of them. During the five years Bishop N. Z. Lorrain has been in Pembroke he has paid an old debt of $11,000 on the church; built a magnificent episcopal residence at a cost of $18,000, upon which sum $8,000 has been paid; bought twenty-nine acres of land for a graveyard; purchased plots of sixteen acres of ground in the most beautiful part of the town, as sites for charitable institutions in the future. Mgr. Lorrain is an eminent English scholar. There is no doubt he is destined to do a great work for his country, and that his wise counsel will always have weight in the periodical councils of his church.

Coleman, Arthur Philemon, Ph.D., Professor of Geology and Natural History, Victoria University, Cobourg, was born on the 4th of April, 1852, at Lachute, province of Quebec. His father was the Rev. Francis Coleman, a minister of the Methodist Church of Canada, and his mother, Emmeline Maria Adams, was a descendant of John Quincy Adams. His early education was obtained in various public and high schools of Ontario, according to the station occupied by his father, as an itinerant Methodist minister; and this ended in a course of two years in Cobourg Collegiate Institute. In 1872, he matriculated in Victoria University, Cobourg, and after four years’ residence, graduated in 1876 as Bachelor of Arts, taking honours and a gold medal. On the advice of Dr. Haanel, whose eloquence and ability as a professor had inspired him to study science, he sailed for Europe, and in 1880, matriculated in the University of Breslau, in Prussia, Dr. Haanel’s alma mater. During four semesters he studied geology, mineralogy, botany, histology, chemistry, etc., under such distinguished men as Roemer, Cohn, Goeppert, Dilthey, Poleck, Liebisch, and others. His dissertation which was on the “Melaphyres of Lower Silesia,” and demanded hard work in microscopic petrography, as well as some months geologizing in the Giant Mountains, on the border between Silesia and Bohemia, was accepted, and after examination he was admitted to the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (cum laude) in 1882. While in Europe, Professor Coleman made numerous geological expeditions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and Scandinavia, and most of one summer he spent in Norway, wandering on foot over the mountains and fields collecting specimens, and observing the results of glacial action. The most notable points in this journey were the ascent of Galdhoepig, the highest mountain in Norway, and a voyage along the coast to Hammerfest and the North Cape, to see the Lapps and the midnight sun. At Knivskjaerodden, a few miles from the North Cape, the ship on board of which he was, The Nordstjern, went ashore in a fog, and became wrecked on that bleak coast. The misfortune occurred at about two o’clock in the morning, but aided by the perpetual daylight, the passengers and crew succeeded in reaching shore, and within twenty-four hours thereafter, they were rescued by another steamer and landed at Hammerfest. After a short visit to France and England, he returned to Ontario, and towards the end of 1882, was inaugurated as professor of geology and natural history in Victoria University, Cobourg. Since that date he has continued in the same position, varying his life by journeys with geological ends in view; in this way he visited the Rocky Mountains, the valley of the Columbia, and the Selkirks, before the Canadian Pacific Railway was built, travelling by pack pony, canoe or on foot. The professor belongs to the Methodist church, and in politics is a Liberal.

Macdonnell, Rev. Daniel James, B.D., Pastor of West St. Andrew’s (Presbyterian) Church, Toronto. This popular minister was born at Bathurst, New Brunswick, on the 15th January, 1843. His father, the Rev. George Macdonnell, who was born in Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland, came in childhood to Halifax, Nova Scotia, received his early educational training in the schools at Halifax, and finished his course of studies at the Edinburgh University. He afterwards was minister of St. Luke’s Church, (Church of Scotland), at Bathurst, from 1840 to 1851; spent two years in Scotland; came to Upper Canada in 1853, and was settled successively in Nelson and Waterdown, Fergus and Milton, and died at the latter place in 1871. His mother was Eleanor Milnes, who was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, and belonged to a branch of the family of Milnes, of Derbyshire, England. Daniel James Macdonnell, the subject of our sketch, began his education at Bathurst when but a lad of six years of age,—the study of Latin being included in his course at this unreasonably early age. He was afterwards sent to Scotland, and pursued his studies for some time at Kilmarnock and Edinburgh, and on his return to Canada, at Nelson, under the care of the late Dr. Robert Douglas, of Port Elgin, who taught at “The Twelve,” while he was prosecuting his studies. Mr. Macdonnell was then taken in hand by the late Dr. Tassie, then head master of the Galt Grammar School, who prepared him for the university. In October, 1855, when in his thirteenth year, he entered Queen’s College, Kingston, and he held the first place in classics and mathematics during his course there. In 1858 he graduated B.A., and two years later M.A. Some time after he took a portion of his theological course in the Queen’s Divinity Hall, Kingston, under Principal Leitch and Professor Mowat, and spent the session of 1863-64 in Glasgow, where Dr. Caird was professor of divinity. He completed his course in Edinburgh, having attended the classes of the late Professor Crawford and Robert Lee, and received the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. The winter of 1865-66 he spent in Berlin in acquiring some knowledge of the German language, and picking up whatever theological instruction he could gather from the imperfectly understood lectures of Professors Dörner and Hengstenberg. On the 14th June, 1866, he was ordained by the Presbytery of Edinburgh (Church of Scotland); and returning to Canada he was inducted to the charge of St. Andrew’s Church, Peterboro’, Ontario, on the 20th November, 1866, where he spent four years. He was then called to St. Andrew’s Church, Toronto, and inducted on the 22nd December, 1870. The advent of Mr. Macdonnell was the signal for an immediate revival of the condition of the church. He was young, energetic, and more than all, earnest and original in his preaching. Within a few years it was found that the old building was inadequate for the purpose, and a new and imposing structure was built at the corner of King and Simcoe streets, at the cost of $86,000 for building and $14,000 for additional ground. It is one of the finest and most complete in all details of the many fine church edifices in Toronto, and is built of stone in the Norman style, with a massive tower on the south-west angle. Mr. Macdonnell’s popularity has steadily increased year by year since he came to Toronto, and although some are inclined to consider him, from “the Westminster Confession” standpoint, rather liberal in his theological views, yet his large congregation listen with great satisfaction to his gospel of common sense, and are most sincerely attached to him. Rev. Mr. Macdonnell was one of the most cordial supporters of Presbyterian union, and contributed largely to its consummation in 1875. He is a member of the Senate of Toronto University, having been appointed by the Ontario government. He also takes an active part in works of charity, and indeed in everything that has a tendency to help and elevate humanity. During his college career, Rev. Mr. Macdonnell taught for about three years; was head master of Vankleek Hill Grammar School for six months, when only seventeen years of age; was assistant to Mr. Campbell (now Rev. Robert Campbell, D.D., minister of St. Gabriel street Church, Montreal) for a year in the Queen’s College Preparatory School, and head master of the Wardsville High School for a year and a half. While a student in Scotland, Mr. Macdonnell, during vacation, took a couple of walking tours with fellow students through Switzerland and parts of Germany, and since he settled in Canada he has taken several trips to Great Britain. On the 2nd of July, 1868, he was married to Elizabeth Logie Smellie, eldest daughter of the Rev. George Smellie, D.D., of Fergus. Rev. Dr. Smellie was one of the pioneer Presbyterian ministers of Western Ontario, and although now in his seventy-sixth year, he still preaches every Sunday to the people to whom he has ministered for forty-four years. There are four sons and a daughter in St. Andrew’s manse. Mr. Macdonnell’s eldest boy, George Frederick, aged fifteen, is attending Upper Canada College, and, taking after his father, occupies the position of head boy in his form.

Hunton, Sidney Walker, M.A., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Mount Allison College, Sackville, New Brunswick, was born in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, on the 4th July, 1858. His father, Thomas Hunton, was for a long time a leading merchant at the capital, and died a few years ago. His mother, Amelia Hunton, is still alive and resides at Ottawa. Professor Hunton was educated at the Collegiate Institute, Ottawa, where, in 1875, he won the two medals offered by Lord Dufferin for mathematics and classics. In September, 1876, he entered McGill College, Montreal, where he studied for two years, and won first scholarship in each year. In September, 1878, he won the Canadian Gilchrist scholarship of the value of £100 stg. per annum, tenable for three years, and then proceeded to London, England, where he studied at University College, making a specialty of mathematics. In June, 1881, he won the Rothschild scholarship of the value of £56, which was awarded for the greatest proficiency in mathematics in University College. He graduated at the University of London, in Oct., 1881, and was appointed assistant to the professor of mathematics in University College, and held the position for two years. In 1882 he became lecturer on mathematics in the Electrical Engineering College, London, which position he resigned in 1883, on being appointed to the professorship of mathematics at Mount Allison College, N.B. During his stay in Europe he also studied at Cambridge, England, and Heidelberg, Germany. He was married on December 25th, 1884, to Annie Inch, daughter of J. R. Inch, LL.D., president of Mount Allison College. Professor Hunton is a credit to “Young Canada,” and we hope many will be found imitating his example.

Kay, Rev. John, Pastor of the First Methodist Church, Hamilton, was born in the town of Napanee, Ontario, on the 20th of May, 1838. His father was Enoch Kay, who was born in the county of Wicklow, Ireland, in 1812. His mother, Elizabeth Coulson, was a native of Stockton, near Hull, England, and was born in 1815. His grandfather, Joshua Kaye (the family name was originally spelled Kaye) emigrated with the family from Ireland many years ago, and settled in the eastern part of Ontario, where he followed the same occupation as he had done in his native country, namely, that of wheelwright. He was a man of small stature, but of marked intelligence and great amiability of character, and a leader among the Methodists of his day. The wife of this worthy man was a Fitzhenry, a name of some considerable note in Ireland. She was tall and fine looking, and evidently had her early training in an advanced circle of society. Both died in the village of Newburg, and their bodies rest in the small rural cemetery near the village of Napanee Mills. His maternal grandfather was a miller from his youth up, and for several generations some of the Coulson family have been engaged in this business, and in that of shipbuilding in England. The father and mother were married in 1837, the year of the coronation of Queen Victoria, and took up their residence on a farm a short distance north of Napanee Mills. Here Mr. Kay, sen., farmed, and also carried on the trade of carriage-building and blacksmithing, employing a number of workmen. The farm he afterwards sold, and moved into the village of Newburg, where he engaged in the lumber business. Here young Kay received the rudiments of his education, first in a private school and afterwards in the Newburg Academy. When he had scarcely reached his fourteenth year his father died at the early age of thirty-nine, leaving a widow and three children in poor circumstances, the subject of our sketch being the oldest. This necessitated his giving up school and entering on the battle of life for an existence, his mother with the other children returning to her father’s home until he could provide for them elsewhere. After a hard struggle of several years he succeeded so well as to be able to bring the family again together, and he made a home for them at Cramborne, a small village about five miles north of Cobourg. Here he was led to think more seriously of religious matters, and made up his mind to consecrate himself to the work of the church. He at once set about preparing himself, and acted in the capacity of local preacher for some time. Having been relieved soon afterwards of much business anxiety, he gave himself up to labour and study. After a hard struggle he succeeded, and to his surprise and satisfaction, in the spring of 1862, he was informed by the officials of the Methodist New Connexion Church of Baltimore, Ontario, with which he had connected himself a few months before, that they would gladly recommend him to the work of the ministry, and on his case being brought before the conference he was appointed to assist the late Rev. S. B. Gundy, in the town of St. Mary’s. This was a fortunate circumstance for the young preacher, for the Rev. Mr. Gundy was a man of excellent ability and one of the finest preachers in the denomination. The death of the superintendent some time afterwards was a great loss to Mr. Kay. He then took up the course of study prescribed for his work, which by no means was a light one. His studies were now chiefly directed by the late Rev. William McClure, who was appointed at that time to the chair of theology, philosophy and literature, for the student probationers of the church, and under his able tuition he succeeded in mastering the curriculum appointed by the Board of Education of the conference. Since then he has been successful in gaining some knowledge of Latin and Greek, with a little of German, but still thirsts for more knowledge, as he considers all possible lines of study are needed by the efficient and progressive Christian minister. The Rev. Mr. Kay first began his ministry, as will have been observed, at St. Mary’s, and here he spent one year; next he went to Manvers, where he preached for two years; then he went to Ingersoll, and spent two more years; in Milton he preached for three years; in Waterdown for three years; Tilsonburg, two years; London, two years; then he again spent two years in Ingersoll; and then moved to Waterford, where he spent three years; in Thorold, three years, and for the last three years he has been in Hamilton. In 1872, when the subject of Methodist union was a live topic in the churches, Rev. Mr. Kay was secretary of conference, and contributed by both voice and pen to bring about union, and when this great movement was accomplished he was removed from Tilsonburg to London by the conference of 1875, and during his stay there he helped to build the Wellington Street Church and parsonage, which is now one of the most prosperous churches in the denomination. This reverend gentleman has been several times financial secretary of the districts in which he has been stationed; and in 1886 he was a representative at the General Conference which was held in Toronto. He has found time, also, to attend to the temperance movement. From boyhood he has been a teetotaller, having joined the Cadets of Temperance in Newburg, and subsequently entered the orders of the Sons of Temperance and Good Templars; and later held for two years the office of grand counsellor, and for three years that of chaplain in the Supreme Lodge of the Royal Templars,—which holds its annual sessions in the city of Buffalo, where the order was first organized in 1870. As a natural consequence he is a firm and uncompromising prohibitionist, holding that the only way to elevate the masses and improve the financial condition of the country is the entire abolition of the traffic in intoxicating drinks. Mr. Kay also belongs to the United Order of Workmen, and did for some time belong to the orders of Oddfellows and Foresters, but a few years ago found it necessary to retire from them. As we have seen, the subject of our sketch was brought up in the Methodist fold, and he has seen no reason since to change his belief in the doctrines that were taught him at his mother’s knee; but, nevertheless, he is not opposed to a progressive theology, and can see no reason why a person should be compelled to follow all the old methods of reasoning and forms of expression. The words of modern use are often as expressive as those used aforetime, and some of the old ones are none the worse for being used before. The Augustinian school of theology finds no favour with him. He believes in a free will—without the necessitarian adjuncts of such limitations as affords it only to a few favoured persons—the free and full salvation for all, and the kindest and most gracious invitation to all to come to the fountain and drink. The gospel freely offered is God’s expression of love. He has also devoted some time to literature, and in 1871 published a very interesting “Biography of the Rev. William Gundy,” his father-in-law. This volume was very favourably received, and highly praised by the press. He is a diligent student, and has also on several occasions contributed to the columns of our newspapers and periodicals. On the 20th of October, 1864, he was married to Eliza, second daughter of the Rev. William Gundy, who for more than half a century was a preacher of the gospel, and though now dead for over sixteen years, yet speaketh. Six of a family have been born of the union, four of whom survive, two sons and two daughters.

Macdonald, Rev. James Charles, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, is descended from an old Highland family, who emigrated to Prince Edward Island in the last century. His ancestors formed part of the gallant band brought out by the Laird of Glenaladale, in the Alexander in 1772. His father, John Macdonald, of Allisary, and his mother, Ellen Macdonald, of Garahelia, were natives of Prince Edward Island. Their son was born at Allisary, in the parish of St. Andrew, in that province, on the 15th July, 1840, and was baptised in the old St. Andrew’s Church, built in that mission, by Bishop McEachern, in the early days of Catholicity in Prince Edward Island. After preliminary studies in a district school, Mr. Macdonald entered St. Dunstan’s College in 1866. He remained there for four years, and in 1870, went up to the Grand Seminary, at Montreal. After a three years’ course, he was ordained by the Bishop of Charlottetown, and at once proceeded to St. Dunstan’s College, to fill a vacant professorship in that institution. In 1875, Mr. Macdonald was appointed to the missions of St. James, Georgetown, and All Saints, Cardigan Bridge. In 1876, the mission of St. Theresa, Baldwin’s Road, was added to these; but in 1878, it was placed in the charge of another priest. In 1881, the late Very Rev. Dr. Macdonald was associated with Father Charles Macdonald, in the care of the missions of St. James and All Saints, to which was annexed St. Paul’s, Sturgeon. In September, 1884, to the great regret of his parishioners, Father Macdonald was removed from Georgetown, and installed as rector of St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown. During the period in which he has presided over that institution, St. Dunstan’s has prospered exceedingly, and now boasts a staff of eight professors, three clerical and five lay, and a roll of eighty-six students, several of whom give promise of doing great credit to their alma mater.

Macpherson, Henry, Braeside, Owen Sound, Ontario, Judge of the County Court of the county of Grey, Local Judge of the High Court of Justice, Surrogate Judge of the Maritime Court, was born 17th August, 1832, at Picton, county of Prince Edward, province of Ontario. He was son of Lowther Pennington Macpherson, late of Picton, barrister-at-law, and of Eliza Isabella Louisa McLean, his wife. Lowther was the son of Lieut.-Colonel Donald Macpherson, of the 10th Royal Veteran Battalion, who commanded at Kingston at the commencement of the war with the United States in 1812; and was afterwards ordered to Quebec, where he remained till the close of the war in 1814, when he returned to his property of Cluny, near Kingston. Colonel Macpherson was the son of Evan Macpherson, chief of the clan Macpherson, who joined the standard of Prince Charles Edward Stuart at the time of the rebellion in Scotland in 1745. Lowther was born on shipboard, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, when his father was coming out to Canada with his regiment, and died at sea near the West India Islands, where he had gone for his health in 1836. Eliza Macpherson was the youngest daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Allan N. McLean, of “The Grove,” Kingston, and who practised law there. In 1812 he closed his office, and was greatly instrumental in raising the Incorporated Militia, which regiment he commanded until he was superseded by an officer of the line. One of his sons was a lieutenant in the Glengarry Fencibles, and was killed at Queenston Heights, and his son-in-law, Captain Walker, commanded a company of the Incorporated Militia, and was killed at Lundy’s Lane. Colonel McLean represented the county of Frontenac in the Provincial parliament for many years, in the early part of the present century, and was for sixteen years Speaker of the House of Assembly. Eliza Macpherson died in 1885 in her eightieth year. Henry Macpherson was educated at the Grammar School, Kingston, and afterwards at Queen’s College, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in April, 1851. He studied law in the office of Thomas Kirkpatrick, Q.C., of Kingston, who was afterwards M.P. for the county of Frontenac. He was admitted as an attorney in Easter term in 1854, after which he entered the law office of George A. Phillpotts, of Toronto, afterwards Junior Judge of the county of York, where he remained until called to the bar, in Hilary, term 1855. In March of that year, he commenced the practice of his profession at Owen Sound, in the county of Grey, where he continued until appointed judge of the County Court of that county in January, 1865. Owen Sound was at that time a portion of the township of Sydenham, but in 1856 it was incorporated as a town, having a population of about 2,000. It was the county town of the county of Grey, which, with the adjoining county of Bruce, was then comparatively a new settlement, the population of Grey, according to the census of 1852, being something over 13,000 and that of Bruce being between 2,000 and 3,000. The peninsula north of Owen Sound, between Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, was then a wilderness and not yet surrendered by the Indians. The roads through the counties were in a very bad condition, and until the opening of the Northern Railway to Collingwood in the winter of 1854-5, everything had to be brought to Owen Sound by vessel from Coldwater, or teamed up from Guelph. A few years after this, the county of Grey expended $200,000 in building about 180 miles of gravel roads through the country, on which no toll gate was ever placed, and the county of Bruce a few years after followed the example thus set of building a number of leading gravel roads through the county without placing toll gates on them. The population of the county of Grey at the last census, in 1881, was over 75,000, and that of Bruce over 65,000. A number of railways are now running through the counties, the Canadian Pacific Railway having a lake terminus at Owen Sound, which has a population of about 6,000, a dry dock capable of receiving very large steamers (the first built in Canada above the Welland Canal), an excellent system of waterworks, is lighted by electric lights, and to and from its harbour a large fleet of steamers (including the Canadian Pacific Railway’s steel steamships), and sailing vessels run to all the various ports on the upper lakes. Besides the position of county judge to which Mr. Macpherson was appointed in 1865, he holds the position of local judge of the High Court of Justice, to which he was appointed in March, 1882; of surrogate judge of the Maritime Court of Ontario, to which he was appointed in February, 1879, and of revising officer of the North Riding of Grey, to which he was appointed in October, 1885. Judge Macpherson has long taken a great interest in Freemasonry, into which he was initiated in June, 1857, in the city of Toronto, and in the fall of that year, assisted by other brethren, he opened a lodge in Owen Sound under a dispensation from Sir Allan Napier MacNab, grand master of the Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada, and of which lodge he was the first worshipful master. He is the only survivor of the original members of that lodge. The Ancient Grand Lodge was in July of the following year merged in the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has been a regular attendant at the meetings of the Grand Lodge, and in 1863 was elected grand senior warden. He has been, with the exception of two years, continuously a member of the Board of General Purposes since its formation in 1861, has frequently been and is at present vice-president of that board, and is also chairman of the sub-committee on jurisprudence. He is also the representative of the Grand Orient of Uruguay, and of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, near the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has also taken an active part in Capitular Masonry. He was exalted in February, 1858, and in 1866, assisted in the formation of a chapter in Collingwood, of which, in 1867, he became first principal. In 1873, he assisted in the formation of a chapter in Owen Sound, of which, at the commencement he was first principal. In Grand Chapter, after filling the chairs of 3rd and 2nd principal, he was, in 1883, elected grand first principal, which office he held two years. He is also representative of the Grand Chapter of California, near the Grand Chapter of Canada. He has also been instrumental in the formation or carrying on of many local and other societies. Judge Macpherson was the first secretary and afterwards president of the Mechanics’ Institute. He has been president of the North Riding of Grey Agricultural Society, and has been several times and is now president of the Horticultural Society, and has been vice-president of the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario. He was the first captain and several years president of the Cricket Club, was several years president and is now patron of the Curling Club, and has been president of the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. He also, in 1874, assisted in the formation of a joint stock company to build a curling and skating rink, of which he was the first president. This was the first company formed for this purpose under the Ontario Act. He has also been president of the First Canada Rifle Club, of the Gun Club, and of the Fish and Game Protection Society, and is now chairman of the managing committee of the Owen Sound Club. In this age of locomotion his travels can hardly be considered important, yet he has travelled through Canada from Manitoba to Newfoundland, and through all the great lakes. He has been through most of the states east of the Mississippi from Minnesota to Florida; and has visited a number of cities of the United States from St. Paul and Minneapolis to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi. He was at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, the Centennial Exhibition held at Philadelphia in 1876, the Colonial Exhibition at London, and the International Exhibition at Liverpool in 1886. He has visited the Bahama Islands, and last winter travelled by sea from New York to New Orleans, up the Mississippi to Memphis, and across home by rail, paying visits to the different cities on the way, and also visiting the mammoth cave of Kentucky, his journey being nearly 5,000 miles. He has also visited most of the important cities and other points of interest in England and Scotland, including the islands of Skye, Staffa, Iona, Man, Wight, etc. During last summer, he also visited Egypt, including the Suez Canal, the Nile, Cairo, the Pyramids, the battle field of Tel-el-Kebir, etc., going by way of the Mediterranean and calling at Gibraltar and Malta, travelling in all nearly 15,000 miles. He is a member of the Church of England. In May, 1875, he married Eliza McGill McLean, second daughter of Allan N. McLean, formerly of Toronto, now of London, England, and grand-daughter of the late John McLean, formerly sheriff at Kingston, who was a brother of the late Hon. Chief Justice McLean, of Toronto; Mrs. Macpherson died in April, 1880, leaving two children, only one of whom still survives.

Campbell, Rev. Kenneth A., Orillia, Ontario, was born in the township of Thorah, Ontario county, on the 30th of November, 1837. His father, Kenneth Campbell, was born in the county of Glengarry, Ontario, and was one of the earliest settlers in the township of Thorah, and rendered most valuable assistance to the Scottish immigrants, who afterwards settled in that and neighbouring townships. Mr. Campbell was captain of militia. Rev. Mr. Campbell received the rudimentary part of his education in a public school of his native section, and afterwards made a full course, preparatory to ordination, in St. Michael’s College, Toronto, and was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Lynch, in St. Joseph’s Church, Beaverton, on the 21st of September, 1854. He was appointed assistant to the Very Rev. G. R. Northgroves, in the parish of Barrie, and in April, 1856, he was appointed parish priest of Mara and Orillia. In this charge he laboured with zeal for eight years. He built a neat substantial brick church in the village of Brechin; attended to the wants of the settlers of his faith in the district of Muskoka, and discharged efficiently the duties of local superintendent of schools in the townships of Mara and Rama. In June, 1872, he built the Church of the Angels Guardian, in Orillia, a solid structure of fine architectural design, and an ornament to the town. The interest of the congregation of Orillia requiring a resident priest, the village was erected into a separate parish, and Father Campbell was appointed to the charge in 1874. Upon his removal to Orillia, he set to work to erect the handsome presbytery in which he now resides. Subsequently he built a solid, well-planned, well-appointed separate school-house, and a tasteful brick church in the village of Warminster. He not only attends to the elementary instruction of the children under his care, but takes a deep interest in higher education. Four years ago he was appointed by the county council of Simcoe trustee of the High School Board, and on that board he has held the position of chairman for the four years that he has been a member thereof. Father Campbell has left his imprint for good in the various important positions he has held, and we hope he may be long spared to bless mankind.

Bruce, Rev. George, B.A., Pastor of St. David’s (Presbyterian) Church, St. John, New Brunswick, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born near Aberdeen, Scotland, on 6th of September, 1837. His parents were John Bruce and Elspeth Cadger. The family is an old one and can be traced far back in the annals of Scotland. The Simpsons (Sir George and Thomas), of Hudson Bay notoriety, were relatives, and Mr. Bruce, sen., remembers when young George Simpson came to bid them good-bye before leaving for America. Alexander Bruce, the eldest brother of John Bruce, was educated in King’s College, Aberdeen. When the Rev. George Bruce was only four years of age he was brought to Canada. The family settled in Markham, near Toronto, and there they have been extensively engaged in various kinds of business ever since, chiefly, however, in farming and milling. George, the subject of this sketch, after receiving the usual public school training, attended the Normal School in Toronto for some time; and in 1863 he went to Whitby, where, under Thomas Kirkland, now principal of the Toronto Normal School, he prepared himself for the university. In September, 1864, he matriculated in the University of Toronto, and four years afterwards he graduated from the same institution. While attending the university he devoted himself to general study, principally, however, in the direction of mathematics, metaphysics, political economy and natural science (especially in regard to its more modern developments, in which he took an exceptional interest). He then entered Knox College, in the same city, and from this college he graduated in 1871. While a student, Mr. Bruce became deeply impressed with the great loss sustained by the church through the frequent removal of student missionaries from their fields, on account of their return to college every winter to pursue their studies, leaving the fields unsupplied to the manifest and serious loss of the interest and organization which had resulted from the labours of the missionary during the summer. As licentiates were almost always settled in congregations at once upon the completion of their studies, the smaller and more sparsely settled mission fields were left almost entirely to the student supply in the summer vacation. It seemed to him that the only relief for this lay in getting students to give from one to two or more years of voluntary work to these fields after they were licensed, so as to bring them up to a stable and self-sustaining position. He wrote a considerable number of articles calling attention to this matter, and brought it before the General Assembly. In order to make practical trial and do, himself, what was recommended, he took such work for four years after he was licensed, declining to be ordained, though he is not sure of the wisdom of that part of his course now, as ordination gives additional fitness for the work falling to the hand of the missionary. The system, however, gradually gained favour, and is now almost universally put in practice in such fields, as far as young men can be found willing to undertake such work. Rev. Mr. Bruce’s field lay in the region of Newmarket and Aurora, Ontario, which, though old and prosperous settlements, had suffered very much so far as the Presbyterian church was concerned, from the system he had spoken of. Two brick churches were built during the four years he resided there, and the congregations were separated soon after and are both prosperous. In September, 1876, he was ordained over the First Presbyterian Church in St. Catharines, Ontario, where he remained seven years. This charge had been one of the congregations established by the American Church, and retained its name as such and its connection with the Presbytery of Buffalo till immediately before his ordination. He was, therefore, the first minister in the new relation, although it was a very old congregation. During his ministry a brick church, the one now in use, was erected. Rev. Mr. Bruce was for six years convener of the Home Mission Committee of the Presbytery of Hamilton, and member of the General Home Mission Committee of the church. In 1881 he was sent out with the Rev. Dr. Cochrane by the Home Mission Committee to visit the churches in Manitoba, and to meet with the presbytery and arrange for the designation of the Rev. James Robertson as superintendent of missions, as well as for the settlement of various other questions which had been before the committee. On his way up to fulfil this appointment he was on the steamer City of Winnipeg when she was burnt at Duluth. The fire took place at night and five lives were lost, the others escaping with difficulty. Besides church work he has always had a deep interest in educational matters, and has written a good deal in connection with our system from time to time. In January, 1883, he was inducted into his present charge, St. David’s Church, St. John, New Brunswick. The congregation was one formed at the disruption as the Free Church, and is a large and active one. Here as formerly he has taken a deep interest in home mission work. Within the bounds of the large presbytery there is a vast field. He is convener of an “Augmentation Committee” for enlarging the salary of ministers in weak charges. Rev. Mr. Bruce’s travels have not been great, although somewhat extended on this continent, and almost incessant at times in church work. His trip in 1881 to the North-West was an interesting experience of the “trail and tent” life, as the Canadian Pacific Railway was only commenced, and he passed the men at work several times. They had then attained a rate of one mile per day, which was considered a wonder, although this speed of track-laying was afterwards increased to three or even four miles per day. His religious views have continued much the same in general principles. He is a Presbyterian, and therefore, of course, a Calvinist in doctrine. He has gone over all the ground carefully in connection with scientific difficulties and other new phases, and with a mind, so far as he knows, open to receive impressions and conviction. He believes much enlargement has come from the study of Science in connection with Religion, but has seen nothing to cause him to change his faith in the “old doctrines.” It has been, he thinks, man’s narrow, mistaken, and prejudiced construction of Bible teaching which has been the source of the weakness, wherever there has really been a weakness. What is needed is practical adaptation of teaching, preaching, and modes of work to the requirements of the age. Broad sympathy and charity is the very pith and marrow of the Gospel, and unswerving loyalty to the truth where it is perceived. He has read extensively in rationalistic literature, the “new theology” and evolutionary theories of revelation and man. He admires the scientific spirit and patient research, but is deeply impressed with the rash and superficial nature of much of the theorising so confidently asserted. It is unscientific and unreliable. On the 18th June, 1884, Rev. Mr. Bruce was married to Catherine Emily, third daughter of the late John R. Dickson, M.D., president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston, Ontario, and medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane there. Dr. Dickson’s name is widely known in the medical profession. He was especially celebrated as a surgeon, and in the midst of a very extensive practice he found time to keep himself abreast of the scientific progress of the age, and to take an active interest in many matters of moral beneficence and religion. He came from Ireland when quite young, part of the family remaining at home.

Stewart, John, Superintendent of the Northern Division of the New Brunswick Railway, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at St. Andrews, N.B., on the 2nd February, 1845. His father, Duncan Stewart, was in early life a colour-sergeant in the rifle brigade, and afterwards became an officer in the Customs department, and served in that capacity at St. John and at St. Stephen. John was educated at the St. Stephen and Calais High schools. Some time after leaving school he entered the Customs service, and acted as weigher and gauger at St. Stephen in 1864-5, when he was appointed to the position of conductor on the New Brunswick and Canada Railway, and acted as such until 1874, when he was promoted to a superintendency. In 1882, after the consolidation of the line with the New Brunswick Railway Company, he was appointed to and filled the office of general superintendent until 1885, and then was made superintendent of the Northern division, which office he now fills. Having a taste for military affairs, he joined the volunteers when a mere youth, and held the rank of captain in the St. Stephen Infantry School, and saw a good deal of active service during the Fenian invasion of our frontiers. In 1872 he was made a Freemason, and has ever since taken an interest in the order. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Presbyterian denomination. In 1874 he was married to Susan A. Haddock, daughter of J. Haddock, of St. Andrews, and has a family consisting of three children.

Workman, Joseph, M.D., Toronto, was born in Ballymacash, near the town of Lisburn, Ireland, on the 26th May, 1805. He is descended from an illustrious ancestry, the first of whom is noticed by Neale in his history of the Puritans, namely, the Rev. William Workman, who was lecturer at St. Stephen’s Church, in Gloucester, England, from 1618 to 1633, and whom the historian describes as a man of great piety, wisdom and moderation. About that time Archbishop Laud had assumed power, and was addressing himself with great energy to stemming the tide of reformation which had set in. The images and pictures were restored to the churches, and the clergy had begun to array themselves in gorgeous vestments, such as those used by the clergy of the Roman Catholic church. The Rev. Mr. Workman could not brook this state of things; and in one of his sermons stigmatized pictures and statues of the founders of Christianity, the fathers, and other eminent persons, as unfit ornaments for churches, and declared that to set up images of Christ or of the saints in the private houses was according to the Homily unlawful and tended to idolatry. This sermon having been reported to Laud, the Rev. Mr. Workman was brought before the Court of High Commission, and after a short trial was convicted of heresy, deposed and excommunicated. He now opened a school in order to support his family, but as an excommunicated person he was inhibited from teaching youth. He then commenced the practice of medicine, in which he had some skill, but the archbishop forbade, and the result was that not knowing where to turn to support his family, he fell into a settled melancholy and died. These circumstances eventually made a deep impression on his children; and they eagerly joined the parliamentary army, in which William Workman, from whom the Canadian Workmans spring, held a commission, and was one of those who met the charge of Prince Rupert on the field of Naseby. This William served until 1648, when he went over to Ireland with Oliver Cromwell; and on the close of the Irish campaign he retired from military life, receiving as a reward for his services a grant of the two town lands of Merlacoo, and two sizeacks in the county of Armagh. Of these lands the old soldier held possession for only a short time. He was in the midst of a hostile population, different in race and religion, with bitter memories of defeat, and a passionate hunger for vengeance, born of what they considered great wrongs. During Tyrconnel’s administration he removed to county Down, near Donaghadee, whence he was obliged to flee and shelter his old age behind the walls of Derry, soon to be invested by King James’ army. He must have succumbed to the appalling privations of the siege, as his name does not appear in the history of an event which is so familiar in all its details. When at last the besieging army, a long column of pikes and standards, was seen retreating up the left bank of the Foyle, William Workman’s two sons and their wives emerged from the war-scarred walls of Derry and settled in the county of Antrim. One of the brothers settled at Brookend Mills, near Coagh, whence he removed to Monymore, to take charge of the mill there, and for more than a century this mill remained in charge of successive generations of Workmans. Joseph Workman, the father of the subject of our sketch, was the last of the family who resided at the Monymore mill. This gentleman having made a visit of three years to the United States, returned to Ireland and took up his abode at Ballymacash, near the town of Lisburn, where his family, nine in number, were born, all of whom ultimately came to Canada, and have left their mark on its history. As will be seen from the above, the father of Joseph Workman was of English descent, but his mother, Catharine Gondy, was descended from a Scottish family. Joseph received his English education from a Mr. Shields, and he was taught classics by J. Nealy, in Lisburn, Ulster, and studied medicine in McGill College, Montreal. In 1836 he came to Toronto, where he successfully practised his profession until July, 1853, when he was appointed by the government as medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane at Toronto. This position he filled with entire satisfaction until July, 1875, when he asked to be relieved of the responsibility. And here we may say, Dr. Workman deserves well of his adopted country, for no one could possibly have done more to bring the institution over which he presided for so many years to a comparative state of perfection, and to make the unfortunates under his care more comfortable and happy. Dr. Workman is of a literary turn of mind, and has contributed largely to various journals in the United States and Canada. He is an associate member of several scientific societies in Britain, Italy, the United States and Canada. He was one of the commissioners appointed by the government to enquire into the affairs of King’s College and Upper Canada College in 1848-50. In religion the doctor may be styled a progressive liberal, and is willing that all should search out the truth for themselves. He has generously supported the Unitarian Church in Toronto from its infancy. In consequence of close devotion to duty he has not been able to travel much, yet he is very familiar with all parts of Canada. On the 30th May, 1835, he was married to Elizabeth Wassridge, a native of Sheffield, England. This estimable lady died 16th May, 1885. The fruit of this union has been six children, of whom three sons and two daughters now survive.

Campbell, George W., A.M., M.D., LL.D.—The late Dr. Campbell was born in Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in 1810. He entered early on his medical studies, which he pursued in the Universities of Glasgow and Dublin. After graduating with distinction he came to Canada in May, 1833, and settled in Montreal. His marked ability soon placed him in the front ranks of his profession, and gave him a large share of city practice. The success following him naturally led to his being very frequently called in consultation by his confrères, and for many years before his death very few cases of any importance were treated in Montreal without the advice of Dr. Campbell having been obtained. His sound knowledge of pathology, and naturally clear insight into the varying shades of distinction between clinical conditions apt to resemble each other, made him an expert in diagnosis. Surgery was always his forte, and his great reputation chiefly made by many successful achievements in operative work. In 1835 Dr. Campbell was appointed to the chair of surgery in McGill University, which position he continued to hold with credit to himself and great advantage to the school until 1875—exactly forty years—when, owing to failing health, he resigned. He was made dean of the faculty in 1860, taking then the place of the late Dr. Holmes. The duties of this office he fulfilled even after his resignation of the chair of surgery, and it was only in March, 1882, that Prof. Howard was appointed acting dean in order to relieve him of some necessary work and supply his place during temporary absences. For nearly half a century Dr. Campbell’s name was identified with the medical faculty of McGill University, and it was largely due to his ability as a teacher of surgery that this school attained the high degree of popularity which it has so long enjoyed. As its dean, he always possessed the fullest confidence of his colleagues, and under his able management its policy was always dignified and liberal, whilst internal dissensions were entirely unknown. Dr. Campbell did not write much for the medical journals. “Deeds, not words,” was his motto. But his work as a successful teacher, and as a member of the corporation of the university, led to the appropriate bestowal of the honorary degree of LL.D. His style of lecturing was free from all oratorical effort, but it was clear, forcible and impressive. Hundreds of practitioners throughout this continent and elsewhere owe the foundations of their surgical knowledge to Dr. Campbell’s early teaching. As the acknowledged head of the profession in Montreal, he was often called upon to entertain strangers and professional visitors, and most worthily did he perform this duty. His house always held for such a true-hearted Scotch reception, for he was a warm-hearted host, and his pleasant, cheery manner, his sparkling reminiscences, his stores of learning always bright, his animated conversation, made an evening spent in his company always something to be remembered. He took great pleasure in seeing his friends around him, and all know well the kindly and generous hospitality which for years has been dispensed from his house by himself and his talented family. For some years previous to his death Dr. Campbell suffered from bronchitis, and was obliged to retire from active practice and give himself more rest. He had also suffered from slight attacks of pneumonia, and when in London, in 1882, on a visit, pneumonia again set in, but being somewhat better, he went to Edinburgh, where, however, more serious symptoms showed themselves, and he expired on the 30th of May of that year. The example of such a man as Dr. Campbell cannot fail to be productive of great good. An accomplished physician and skilful surgeon, an upright, honourable citizen, a kind and considerate friend to the poor, a loved and honoured counsellor of the rich, zealous in business but scrupulously honourable, a firm protector of the dignity of his profession, and, above all, a thoroughly consistent Christian gentleman.

Coburn, George Hayward, M.D., Physician and Surgeon, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Sheffield, Sunbury county, N.B., on the 10th March, 1855. His parents were Moses Henry Coburn and Hepzibah Coburn. He received his literary education at the Sunbury Grammar School, and at the University of New Brunswick. Having chosen medicine as a profession, he spent some years at the University of Pennsylvania, United States, in study, with that end in view, and graduated from that institution with honours in 1875. On his return to his native province he began the practice of his profession, and has succeeded in building up a large business. In 1883 Dr. Coburn was appointed health officer in Fredericton, and still retains the position. In 1885 he was chosen a member of the Board of Health for the same city; and in 1887 he was chosen chairman of the board. During the same year he was appointed a member of the Provincial Board of Health. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church; and in politics is a Liberal. On the 19th June, 1878, he was married to Mary Gamble, of Philadelphia, U.S. Their family consists of two children.

Foster, James Gilbert, Q.C., Barrister, Halifax, was born on the 13th of June, 1839, at Aylesford, Kings county, Nova Scotia. His father, Rufus Foster, was descended from a family of the United Empire loyalists, who took refuge in Nova Scotia at the time of the American revolution; and his mother, Christina Foster, was of Scotch descent, having come when about seven years of age with her parents from Scotland, and the family settled in the same province. James Foster received a common school education, and studied law with the Hon. Alexander James. On the 10th of May, 1864, Mr. Foster was admitted an attorney-at-law and barrister, of her Majesty’s Supreme Court of Judicature; and the 20th of May, 1865, he became a partner with Mr. James in his legal business, and this partnership continued until Mr. James was elevated, in January, 1877, to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, as judge in Equity, when a dissolution took place. Mr. Foster then took his brother, William R. Foster, into partnership with him, and now the old business is carried on by the new firm. On the 23rd February, 1867, he was appointed a notary public; and on the 9th of October, 1878, he was made a Queen’s counsel by the Nova Scotia government. In September, 1863, Mr. Foster was appointed first lieutenant of the 6th regiment, Halifax county militia; and on the 19th of June, 1865, was promoted to the captaincy of the 5th company of the same corps. He attended the Military School of Instruction at Halifax, and passed an examination, taking a second-class certificate for candidates for commissions in the active militia, November 12th, 1869. In August, 1883, he was appointed major in the reserve militia, of the Nova Scotia regimental division of the county of Halifax, from No. 7 company division. From May, 1879 to May 1882, he held the office of recorder and stipendiary magistrate of Dartmouth; and on the 29th of May, 1879, was appointed justice of the peace for the county of Halifax. On the 6th of July, 1884, he was made a commissioner for arranging and preparing for the press, and indexing the fifth series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia; and in August, 1886, was appointed registrar of the Court of Probate for the county of Halifax. From June, 1877, to March, 1886, Mr. Foster held the position of vice-consul for the Netherlands, at Halifax. During the years 1880 and 1881, he negotiated with several railway syndicates, for the purpose of carrying out the scheme for the amalgamation and completion of the Nova Scotia railways, proposed by the Local government of the time; and in 1881, he was authorized by Cyrus W. Field and associates, who were large owners of the Pictou coal mines, to negotiate proposals for that purpose with the Local government and the late Sir Hugh Allan, then owner of the Eastern Extension Railway in Nova Scotia—one of the railways in question. The government was, however, pledged to what was known as the Plunkett syndicate, which, finally fell through, and the government was defeated in the general elections of the following year, 1882. The policy of the succeeding government being averse to the scheme for railway amalgamation, and railway interests becoming in the meantime much depressed, Mr. Field and his friends did not care to renew their proposals. Mr. Foster was brought up and has always been a member of the Church of England. He has represented the parish of Dartmouth, as a lay delegate in the Synod of the Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, since April 13th, 1874; and on the 23rd of April, 1879, was made one of the executive committee of the Synod. During the years 1877, 1883, and 1886, he represented the same diocese, as one of its delegates in the Provincial Synod of Canada. Mr. Foster is a Liberal in politics; and at the general election in 1882, was a candidate for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, but failed to secure his election, having been defeated by a trifling majority.

Barker, Frederic Eustace, M.A., D.C.L., Q.C., M.P., St. John, New Brunswick. F. E. Barker is a native of Sheffield, in the county of Sunbury, in the province of New Brunswick, where he was born on the 27th December, 1838. His father, the late Enoch Barker, has been dead for some years. The family settled in Sheffield at the time of the American revolution, having before that resided in Massachusetts. Mr. Barker, jr., was educated at the Sunbury Grammar School, principally under the tuition of the Rev. George S. Milligan, M.A., now superintendent of Education in Newfoundland. He matriculated at King’s College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick), in June, 1853, and graduated as B.A. in June, 1856. At his degree examination the examiners voluntarily recommended him for honours, which the College Council accordingly granted. He was admitted to the degree of M.A. in June, 1858; B.C.L. in December, 1861; and D.C.L. in June, 1866. He took all these degrees in regular course from the University of New Brunswick, an institution in which he has always taken an active interest. Mr. Barker was principally instrumental in the formation of “The Associated Alumni of the University of N.B.,” was for some time president of that body, and one of its representatives in the University Senate. He is also one of the Civil Law Examiners for this University. In June, 1856, Mr. Barker was entered as a law student with the late Justice Fisher, then a practising barrister at Fredericton. In June, 1860, he was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court, and a year later he was called to the bar; and in April, 1873, he was appointed a Q.C. by the Dominion government. Mr. Barker commenced practice at Grand Falls, in New Brunswick, but only remained there a few months, when he removed to the city of St. John, where he has since resided and practised. In 1863, he formed a partnership with the present Justice Wetmore (then one of the leaders of the N.B. bar), which continued until that gentleman went on the bench in 1870. In 1875, Mr. Barker was appointed by the Provincial government one of the commissioners for consolidating the Statutes of New Brunswick. Mr. Barker at one time took an active interest in militia matters. In May, 1864, he was gazetted ensign; in August of the same year lieutenant; in February, 1865, captain, and in July, 1868, major in the St. John city Light Infantry. He has been for many years one of the benchers and a member of the council of the Barristers’ Society of N.B., and a member of the council of the St. John Law Society. He is now vice-president of the Barristers’ Society; president of the St. John Bridge and Railway Extension Company, and one of the directors of the St. John Gas Company. Mr. Barker has always belonged to what is now known as the Liberal-Conservative party in politics. When the retirement of Sir Leonard Tilley, in October, 1885, caused a vacancy in the representation for the city of St. John in the House of Commons, Mr. Barker was almost unanimously elected as the Liberal-Conservative candidate by a large and influential committee nominated to choose a candidate; and at the election which took place on 24th November, 1885, he was elected to the House of Commons by a majority of 112, about the same as that usually obtained by Sir Leonard, his predecessor. Mr. Barker is a member of the Church of England. He has at times visited the chief cities in Great Britain, United States and Canada. He was married (first) at St. John, in October, 1865, to Elizabeth Julia, daughter of the late Edward Lloyd, of the R. E. civil staff, who died in January, 1874; and (second) to Mary Ann, daughter of the late B. E. Black, of Halifax, and niece and adopted daughter of the late Justice Wilmot, who was the first lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick after confederation. By the first marriage Mr. Barker has one son and two daughters, and by the latter two daughters.

Murphy, Owen, Quebec, M.P.P. for Quebec West, was born at Stoneham, in the province of Quebec, on 9th December, 1829. He is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors, as may be seen on referring to the “Chronicles of Leinster.” This authority says; “The O’Murphys, the O’Murchoes, or Murphy, are descended from Henry Feling, chieftain of the Murroes, now called Macamores, in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, in the county of Wexford. They were in possession of it before the English invasion. This Feling was son of Cuma-Kinsellagh, King of Leinster, in the fifth century. The head of the family, in 1634, lived in Tubberlimmach. He was Connell O’Murchoe, gentleman, the eldest son of Donnell More, ‘The O’Murchoe,’ son of Art, son of Tiege. This Connell died in 1634, and was buried in Castle Ellis [the burial-place of Mr. Murphy’s family in the county of Wexford.—Ed.]. He left five sons: Tiege was the eldest, he remained in Wexford; also James, who possessed an estate in Killincoolly, taken from him by Cromwell. Art went to county Louth in 1641; his descendants remained in the north. Another, named Laughlin, lived in Ballyoughna.” The Murphys of Ballainonlart House, in Wexford, have been known for generations as one of the most popular families in that district, and we believe we are correct in affirming that Owen Murphy’s father was the only member of the family who settled in this country, which he did in the early part of the present century. Many people still living in the city of Quebec remember well the generous and liberal spirit that at all times actuated him, and this, combined with his peculiarly rich attainments and cultivated mind, rendered him a highly popular citizen, and when death came, caused him to be greatly regretted. None the less eminent were his three brothers, all of whom attained for themselves very high ecclesiastical honors and dignity, one of whom being for many years bishop of Ferns, in Ireland. Owen Murphy was educated under Robert H. Scott, of Edinburgh, a gentleman of high culture, with a reputation far above ordinary as a tutor. His commercial training was received in the offices of Ross, Shuter & Co., and H. J. Noad & Co., two of the most important lumber, ship-owning, produce and milling firms then in the city or province of Quebec. Mr. Murphy’s aptitude and zeal in his profession gained for him the commendation of his employers, and the result was that he soon became not only a favourite with them, but with the public generally. He was elected to serve in the city council, as representative for St. Paul’s ward, the most important business section of the city, and for several years faithfully served the citizens in that capacity. In 1874, as a mark of the high esteem in which he was held, he was chosen mayor of the ancient capital; and as a further mark of esteem he was again, in 1876, elected for another term of two years. During the period he occupied the position of chief magistrate he exhibited such zeal for the city’s welfare that on his retirement from office he carried with him the esteem and best wishes of his fellow citizens. And here we may say that the improvements suggested by Lord Dufferin, when he was governor-general of Canada, and which have made Quebec one of the most beautiful places for the tourist in which to spend a few days, were suggested when Mr. Murphy was mayor, and through combined efforts they were carried out to a successful conclusion. In August, 1875, while Mr. Murphy was mayor of Quebec, he paid a visit to Britain, and of course to the land of his forefathers. The Wexford Independent thus kindly alludes to the event:

The Mayor of Quebec at Wexford.—This respected functionary, accompanied by the mayoress of Quebec, arrived here on Saturday last from Dublin. His worship is staying at the West Gate Hotel, and is a nephew of the late Right Rev. Dr. Murphy, the estimable and lamented bishop of the diocese, the truly apostolic divine, the scholar, and in every sense the well-bred Irish gentleman. He is also a nephew of the ci-devant pastor of Castlecomer, in the diocese of Ossary, the late Very Reverend Lawrence Murphy, and of the late Rev. Michael Murphy, for many years the zealous collaborateur of Father Corrin in the pastoral charge of Wexford. Although born on a foreign soil, Mr. Murphy ardently loves the land of his ancestors—not with wild and misdirected enthusiasm, but like his estimable uncles, with judgment, discretion and sincerity; and in saying that he has inherited many of their distinguished characteristics, we pay him the highest compliment in our power to bestow. At the great international banquet given by the corporation of London (England) lately to the great municipal chiefs of the whole civilized world, the mayor of Quebec was chosen to return thanks, not only for the Dominion of Canada, but for the municipalities of the United States, and the other rising nations of the western world.

Mr. Murphy is a justice of the peace for the city and district of Quebec; a director of the Quebec Central Railroad; has been president of the St. Patrick’s Society; president of St. Patrick’s Literary Society; for four years president of the Quebec Turf Club, and was one of the committee of management of St. Patrick’s Church, prior to the change being made in the temporal administration of that church. In 1880 he was elected president of the Quebec Board of Trade, and the following year was again unanimously elected for another term. At the general election held in 1866 he was elected to represent Quebec West in the local legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, but is in favour of the national policy. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in 1857 to Elizabeth, daughter of the late James Loughry.

Smith, Rev. H. Percy W., Rector of St. Paul’s Church, Dunnville, Ontario, was born at Islington, London, England, on the 13th September, 1837. His parents, William and Mary Smith, are both alive, and residing in Canada. Rev. Mr. Smith received his early education at private schools in his birthplace, and when thirteen years of age entered a wholesale drapery establishment, where he continued for about seven years. This business not being entirely in accordance with his taste, he abandoned it, and entered St. Augustin’s College, Canterbury, to study for the ministry. In February, 1864, he bade farewell to England, and set sail on the Bohemian steamship for Canada. When eighteen days out the Bohemian struck the rocks near Portland, and became a total wreck, and through this mishap he unfortunately lost his library and outfit. Shortly after reaching Canada, in 1864, he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Ontario, and two years afterwards, priest by the Bishop of Montreal. For the past ten years he has been rector of St. Paul’s Church, at Dunnville, and is very much respected by his parishioners. He was married in 1866 to Lizzie, third daughter of the late Colonel Edwards, of March, Ontario.

Mackay, Alexander Howard, B.A., B.Sc., F.S.Sc. (Lond.), Pictou, Nova Scotia. Alexander Mackay, the paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and the progenitor of a numerous family, many of whom are favourably known in Canada as members of the learned professions, was born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1762. He emigrated to Mount Dalhousie, in the county of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1822, took up several hundred acres of land for farming, and in 1847 died, loved and revered by a large community who looked up to him as a patriarchal chief. His second son, John Mackay, was born in Sutherlandshire, in 1810, and emigrated with his father and the rest of the family in 1822. In 1836 he travelled through a portion of the United States of America, and Ontario, in Canada, where he took up some land; but finally settled down on the old homestead. In 1847 he married Barbara Maclean, who was born at Roger’s Hill, in the county of Pictou, in 1823. Her father, John Maclean, was born in the west of Scotland, about 1758, and died at Roger’s Hill in 1848. From this marriage came a family of seven boys and three girls. The eldest, Alexander Howard Mackay, was born on the 19th May, 1848. His father was a man of remarkable probity of character, of very superior intellectual powers, and enthusiastically patriotic. In addition to the farm, a mechanic’s shop, with a turner’s and cabinetmaker’s tools and machinery, supplied the ways and means. There was no luxury, however. Hard manual work, alternated with study, was used in developing the various and versatile powers of the whole man. The play of mechanical ingenuity, original constructive effort, and acute investigation, filled the hours of recreation. This family discipline was a perfect success. The father, John Mackay, died February 22nd, 1879. The mother is living in good health at the date of writing, August, 1887. Young Alexander could read and write before he went to the public school, which was two miles distant. The farm and the school divided his time; but the leisure hour found him constructing a sextant, theodolite, or transit instrument, which he never previously saw, and with which he made remarkably accurate measurements; or making some apparatus to demonstrate a law in physics or chemistry; or exploring the natural history of the picturesque glen running through the homestead. In 1865 the trustees of the school section pressed him to take charge of their school. Although he had no license, never having thought of becoming a teacher, he accepted the position. In 1866 he graduated at the head of his class from the Provincial Normal School at Truro. In 1867 he attended the Pictou Academy, and at the provincial examination of teachers following, won the first place. In the fall of 1869 he matriculated in Dalhousie College, and for four years was a leading prizeman in his classes. He graduated a B.A. in April, 1873, with special honours in mathematics and physics. He was also the valedictorian of his class, and was for the last three years of his undergraduate course an editor of the college paper, The Dalhousie Gazette. He also took classes in the School of Science in the Provincial Museum, under the provincial geologist, Dr. Honeyman; and in the Medical College, then affiliated with Dalhousie. After graduation he was appointed principal of the County Academy at Annapolis Royal, and a few months later received the unsolicited appointment to the principalship of the Pictou Academy and public schools of Pictou, which position he holds at present. He assumed charge of the Pictou Academy, November 1st, 1873, since which time the staff and attendance of the institution have been more than doubled. In 1874 he was elected president of the Education Convention of Nova Scotia, a position to which he was re-elected. From this time he has taken a very active and forward part in promoting educational reform through the press and otherwise. In 1876 he spent a portion of the year in studying the educational appliances in the leading cities of the eastern United States. His efforts culminated in 1881, in the erection of the present Pictou Academy, one of the finest and best equipped academic buildings in Canada. Its facilities for scientific teaching are greater than are those of many colleges. In 1880 he graduated a B.Sc. from the University of Halifax, with first class honours in biology. In addition to his educational work, he has also found time to engage in original scientific investigation. His papers or work may be found in the “Proceedings” of several scientific societies. His popular scientific writings have been numerous and widely diffused. In 1884 he was elected a member of committee of the Biological section of the British Association meeting in Montreal. In 1886 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Science, Letters and Art, London. And the same year he was elected president of the Alumni of Dalhousie College and University; and also, president of the Nova Scotia Summer School of Science. He knows no rest, for at the same time he is a member of a multitude of local societies, and in every sense an active citizen. He is a member of the Kirk Session of St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church in Pictou; but also contributes to other denominations. He believes in a catholic union of all Christian effort, and a scientific expansion of religious philosophy. In local politics he independently supports educational reform. In Dominion politics he avows a preference for the policy of the Liberal-Conservative party. He is a Britisher, first, against the whole world; and a Canadian all the time, and will fight. He has just started the “Educational Review” (of which he is Nova Scotian editor), in company with G. U. Hay, Ph.B., of St. John, New Brunswick, and Principal Anderson, of the Prince of Wales College, Prince Edward Island. In 1882 he married Maude Augusta Johnstone, only daughter of Dr. George Moir Johnstone, M.R.C.S., London, and his wife, née Sarah Mortimer Smith, of Pictou town.

Archibald, Abram Newcomb, was born in Stewiacke, Nova Scotia, June 2nd, 1849, and died in Halifax, November 27, 1883. He was the seventh son of Daniel Archibald, J.P., and Rebecca Newcombe, his wife, both of whom are still living (December, 1886). Daniel Archibald is a great grandson of Samuel Archibald, the second of four brothers from Londonderry, Ireland, who settled in Colchester county, in 1762. This family has produced many distinguished men, including among others the late S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the Rolls, and his two sons, Sir Thomas D. and Sir Edward M. Archibald, Sir Adams G. Archibald and Senator T. D. Archibald. Mr. Archibald attended the schools of his native place in his boyhood, and subsequently pursued his classical studies for a couple of years under the tuition of his brother, the Rev. E. N. Archibald, M.A. In 1867 he took charge of the public school at Musquodoboit, Halifax county; in May, 1876, he was appointed principal of Richmond School, Halifax city; and in November, 1879, principal of Albro School. He resigned this latter position in July, 1881, on his appointment to the office of secretary and superintendent, of colportage for the British American Book and Tract Society, with headquarters in Halifax. In the discharge of his new duties, Mr. Archibald visited all the centres of population in the lower provinces and addressed public meetings. Early in 1883 he proceeded to Britain, on business connected with the society, and to present its claims to the British public, being accompanied on this tour by his wife and son. Mr. Archibald was invited to speak in many of the principal churches in Edinburgh and Glasgow, as well as before the United Presbyterian Synod and the Free Church Assembly, which met in Edinburgh in May. He was also present by invitation and spoke at the annual missionary breakfast of the Religious Tract Society, held in the Cannon Street Hotel, London. The interest awakened by Mr. Archibald’s addresses was very gratifying, and resulted in his obtaining liberal subscriptions to the funds of the society. On his return to Halifax in the autumn, Mr. Archibald was able to present a most satisfactory report of his mission, and received the warmest thanks of the committee. Shortly after resuming his work in Nova Scotia, he was seized with typhoid fever, and although a very strong man, he finally succumbed to the attack. Many public bodies, as well as private individuals on both sides of the Atlantic, gave formal expression to their deep sense of the loss sustained in his death. Mr. Archibald was a ready and persuasive speaker and a good writer. Many of his essays and addresses have been published. He always took a leading part in educational, temperance, Sabbath-school and all religious work. As president of the Halifax Sunday-school Union, he occupied the chair at the great centenary meeting held in Halifax, July 3rd, 1880; and at the time of his death he was a member of the executive committee of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Halifax. Mr. Archibald married, December 14th, 1874, Mary Mellish, third daughter of James L. Mellish, of Pownal, P.E.I. They had one son, Raymond Clare, born October 8th, 1875. Mrs. Archibald was re-appointed chief preceptress of Mount Allison Ladies’ College, Sackville, N.B., in 1885, having held that position previous to her marriage.

Grant, Rev. R. N., Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Orillia, was born in the neighbourhood of Peterborough, Ontario. His father, Alexander Grant, was a native of Sutherlandshire, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1832, and began his Canadian life in what was then called the Newcastle district, where he taught school for about nine years. In 1840 he moved to that part of Western Ontario known in those days as the Huron Tract, and settled in the township of North Easthope, now one of the wealthiest townships in the county of Perth. Alexander Grant was a man of much more than average ability and attainments. His services were soon sought by the settlers around him, and he was elected to the positions of township clerk and treasurer for several years. He afterwards represented his township in the county council for twelve successive years, and finished his long municipal career in the warden’s chair in 1859. He was frequently urged to stand as a candidate for parliamentary honours, and it was believed by his friends that he could easily have carried his county in the Liberal interest at the general election of 1854 had he entered upon the contest. Like many of his countrymen, Alexander Grant had a fair share of the military spirit. He was one of the oldest and most enthusiastic captains of his battalion, and was the first to offer his services during the Trent difficulty. Though a decided economist in ordinary matters of public expenditure, he was always in favour of giving liberally for the defence of the country. He had several relatives and connections in the Highland regiments that took part in the Crimean war, and his enthusiasm knew no bounds when news came that the kilted soldiers had carried the old flag to victory. He died in January, 1863, and his remains were followed to their last resting place by large numbers of sorrowing friends, among whom were representative men from all parts of the surrounding country. Mrs. Alexander Grant, mother of the subject of the present sketch, was born in Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland. She was, though for many years an invalid, a woman of strong character and high ambition, and nothing gratified her so much as to see her family rise to positions of honour and usefulness. Their other children were Alexander Grant, barrister, late mayor of Stratford, who died about two years ago—Mrs. Hislop, wife of the late Rev. J. K. Hislop, and Miss Grant. Both daughters are at present residents of the young city of Stratford. Having received such an education as the common schools of those days could afford, Robert was sent to the Grammar School of the county—an institution which was then in its infancy, but which has now become one of the leading collegiate institutes of the province. The scholars met in a small room in the north-eastern angle of the court house. Some of the boys who met in that room have since made a fairly good mark in Canada. Among others might be mentioned James P. Woods, the present county judge of Perth, and James Fisher, the well known barrister of Winnipeg. The school was then and for many years afterwards taught by C. J. McGregor, M.A., the first mayor of the young city of Stratford. Following the usual line of aspiring young men in those early days, young Grant left school when he got a first-class certificate, and went into the teaching profession to earn some money, his intention being to study law. One of the trustees of the school he taught was James Trow, M.P., the present popular member for South Perth, and one of the whips of the Liberal party in the House of Commons. Having taught for a year, he entered the Georgetown Collegiate Institute, in 1858, and continued his studies chiefly under the Rev. Malcolm MacVicar, the present principal of McMaster Hall, Toronto. In the following year he taught for a few months in the village of Millbank, in his old county, and began the study of Greek under the Rev. W. T. McMullen, then pastor of the Presbyterian congregation of Millbank, and for the last twenty-seven years pastor of Knox Church, Woodstock. For reasons which need not be given here, Mr. Grant had abandoned his long cherished ambition to become a lawyer, and had decided to enter the ministry of the Presbyterian church. Not the least potent factor in bringing about the change was the earnest searching and thoroughly evangelical preaching of the youthful Presbyterian pastor of Millbank who was then beginning his long and honoured ministry. In 1859, Mr. Grant entered Knox College, Toronto, and pursued his literary studies under Prof. George Paxton Young, then of Knox College, and in University College, Toronto. His theological teachers were Prof. Young, and Drs. Burns and Willis, for all of whom he left the college cherishing feelings of profound respect. Graduating in April, 1865, he was soon afterwards licensed by the Presbytery of Paris. In the autumn of that year he received calls from the Presbyterian congregations of Markham, Picton, and the united congregations of Waterdown and Wellington Square. The call from the last named congregation was accepted, and the ordination and induction took place on the 23rd of January, 1866. For five years and a half Mr. Grant laboured in this field with a good measure of success, and did his full share of work for his neighbours, especially in Hamilton where his services were often sought on the platform. He was the greater part of the time a member of the Board of Education for the county of Wentworth. Under his ministry two young persons united with the church whose names are now well known to the Presbyterians of Canada—the Rev. W. A. Wilson, M.A., one of the missionaries in India, and Mrs. Builder, wife of the Rev. Mr. Builder, another missionary in the same distant field. Owing to ill health caused partly by driving between his congregations, Mr. Grant decided that he must change his field of labour, and in July, 1871, accepted a call from Knox Church, Ingersoll. Here he laboured for nearly eleven years, identifying himself with all the interests of his town, and doing a considerable amount of work in the pulpit and on the platform for his neighbours. In 1877 he received a call from St. Andrew’s Church, Chatham, offering some tempting inducements, among others a considerable increase in salary. The congregation of Knox Church strongly resisted the proposed translation, and in addition to the steps usually taken in such matters, presented a petition to the presbytery, signed by the whole congregation, asking that their pastor’s services be retained. Mr. Grant declined the call, but afterwards had some grave doubts as to whether he had taken the proper course. In the early part of 1882, some informal steps were taken by a number of persons to unite the two Presbyterian congregations of Ingersoll. Mr. Grant had no confidence in the movement—a movement which afterwards turned out a disastrous failure—but not wishing to oppose it, determined to remove to another field of labour. In May he received a unanimous and enthusiastic call from the Presbyterian congregation of Orillia, which he accepted, and was inducted and warmly welcomed on the 19th of July. Previous to leaving Ingersoll, a large and influential farewell meeting was held at which all the religious denominations of the town were represented. Mr. Grant was presented with three hundred and seventy-five dollars as a farewell gift, and Mrs. Grant with a valuable silver service. In the early part of 1880, Mr. Grant, believing that his alma mater was placed at a disadvantage on account of not having the power to confer degrees in divinity, prepared an overture to the general assembly, asking that this power be granted to Knox and the Presbyterian College of Montreal. He supported the overture in the presbytery of Paris and in the synod of Hamilton and London by both of which it was adopted, and sent on to the supreme court. After a lively debate the prayer of the overture was granted by the Assembly, and the necessary legislation by the legislatures of Ontario and Quebec at their next session. On the 9th of May, 1866, Mr. Grant was united in marriage with Marianne McMullen, third daughter of the late A. McMullen, of Fergus, and sister of the Rev. W. T. McMullen, of Woodstock, and James McMullen, M.P. for North Wellington. Besides ministering to the large and influential congregation of which he is pastor, Mr. Grant is a voluminous contributor to the press. He has also written about a dozen popular lectures, some of which have been frequently delivered.

Chauveau, Hon. Justice Alexandre, B.C.L., Q.C., Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Quebec, second son of Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, Q.C., D.C.L., now sheriff of Montreal, and late prime minister of the Province of Quebec, in 1867, first provincial government, and ex-speaker of the Senate, was born on the 23rd day of February, 1847. He was educated at the Jesuits’ and Montreal Colleges, at Laval and McGill Universities, at which latter he took the degree of B.C.L. in 1867. He studied law with S. Leliëvre, Q.C., in Quebec, and with the late Sir George Cartier, in Montreal; and was admitted to the bar of his native province, on the 4th of March, 1868, and practised in partnership with the late Hon. Justice Alleyn up to the date of his appointment to his present position, viz., Justice of the Court of General Sessions. Mr. Chauveau entered the political arena at the early age of twenty-four, and contested the county of Rimouski, in April, 1872, against Dr. Fisét, and was elected by a large majority, as the ministerial candidate. His father was then premier of the province. During the sessions of 1872-73-74, Mr. Chauveau gave an independent support to the Conservative government, although often voting with the opposition during the last session of that parliament. He was unanimously returned by the same constituency at the general election of 1875 as an independent member, and continued during the sessions of 1875-76-77 to judge political questions on their merits when brought before the legislature. He was appointed solicitor-general in the Joly administration, in March, 1878, after the coup d’état of Mr. Letellier, and was re-elected as such at the general election of the same year. On the 19th of March, 1879, he was appointed provincial secretary and registrar for the province of Quebec, which office he held until the 12th of September in the same year, when, after the adjournment of the house for the space of two months, during the dead-lock caused by the refusal of the Legislative Council to pass the supply bill, Mr. Chauveau sent in his resignation. The Joly government was defeated on the 29th of October, 1879, Mr. Chauveau, with a number of former supporters of the administration, voting with the majority on a motion presented by Hon. Mr. Lynch, favouring a coalition as the only remedy to settle the difficult position of the province brought about by the fact that both parties were unable to obtain in the house sufficient strength to form a strong administration. On the 15th of January, 1880, Hon. Mr. Chauveau was appointed Judge of the Sessions for the province of Quebec, and is also a commissioner of the provincial police force. Hon. Mr. Chauveau was twice elected—1884-85—president of the Société St. Jean Baptiste, the French-Canadian national society in Quebec. He is also a commissioner to act judicially in extradition matters, under the Extradition Act of Canada. He married on the 1st of August, 1871, Adèle, eldest daughter of Hon. U. J. Tessier, judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench.