Front matter (continued 6)
Reading edition
official
, oficial-a.
often
(
adv.
), oft-e, multfoj-e.
oh
(
interjection
), ho (
273
).
oil
, ole-o.
olive
, oliv-o.
on
(
prep.
), sur;
— account of
, pro (
86
).
once
(
adv.
), unufoj-e;
— on a time
, iam (
212
);
at —
, tuj;
— more
, bis.
one
(
adj.
), unu (
136, 137, 180
); (
pronoun
), oni (
54
). See 235.
onion
, bulb-o.
only
, sol-a; (
mere
), nur-a.
opera
, oper-o;
— glasses
, lornet-o.
opinion
, opini-o.
opportune
, oportun-a.
opposed to
(
prep.
), kontraŭ.
opposite
(
converse
), mal-o (
67
); (
prep.
), kontraŭ.
or
(
conj.
), aŭ.
orange
(fruit), oranĝ-o.
orchestra
, orkestr-o.
order
, ordon-i; (
of store, etc.
), mend-i; (
methodical or proper arrangement
), ord-o;
money —
, mandat-o.
ordinary
, ordinar-a.
organ
(
physical
), organ-o; (
musical
), orgen-o.
organize
, organiz-i.
original
, original-o.
ornament
, ornam-i.
orphan
, orf-o.
oscillate
(
intrans.
), balanciĝ-i.
ostracism
, ostracism-o.
other
, ali-a; (
remaining
), ceter-a;
— people's
, malpropr-a;
—wise
, ali-e.
out of
, el.
outline
, kontur-o; (
profile
), profil-o; (
sketch
), skiz-o.
outside
(
prep.
), ekster (
120, 121
).
over
(
prep.
), super; (
across
), trans; (
concerning
), pri;
—coat
, surtut-o;
—shoe
, superŝu-o; (
adv.
), (
too
), tro.
owe
, ŝuld-i.
own
, posed-i, propr-a.
ox
, bov-o.
oyster
, ostr-o.
P.
pack
, pak-i.
pad
, rembur-i.
paddle
, padel-i.
page
(
of book, etc.
), paĝ-o.
pail
, sitel-o.
pain
, dolor-o; (
effort
), pen-o; take pains, pen-i.
paint
, pentr-i; (
material
), kolorigil-o;
—brush
, penik-o.
pair
, par-o.
palace
, palac-o.
pale
, pal-a.
palisade
, palisar-o.
palm
(
of the hand
), polm-o.
pamphlet
, broŝur-o.
pan
, pat-o.
paper
(
material
), paper-o;
news—
, ĵurnal-o.
paradise
, paradiz-o.
paragraph
, paragraf-o.
pardon
, pardon-i (
265
).
parallel
, paralel-a.
park
, park-o.
parlor
, salon-o.
parsley
, petrosel-o.
parsnip
, pastinak-o.
part
, part-o; of a work or book, kajer-o; separate (
trans.
), disir-i, apartig-i, disdivid-i.
participle
, particip-o.
pass
(
intrans.
), pas-i.
passage
, koridor-o.
passenger
, pasaĝer-o.
passion
, pasi-o.
passive
, pasiv-a.
past
(
prep.
), preter; (
time
), estintec-o; (
grammatical
), estint-o; (
bygone
), estint-a.
paste
(
glue
), glu-i.
pasteboard
, karton-o.
pastor
, pastr-o.
pastry
, kukaĵ-o.
pasture
(
trans.
), paŝt-i.
patch
, flik-i.
path
, vojet-o.
patience
, pacienc-o.
patient
(
ill person
), kuracat-o.
patty
, pasteĉ-o.
pause
, paŭz-i.
pavement
, pavim-o; (
sidewalk
), trotuar-o.
pay
, pag-i; — dues, kotiz-i.
pea
, piz-o.
peace
, pac-o.
peach
, persik-o.
pear
, pir-o.
pearl
, perl-o.
peculiar
, strang-a, kurioz-a.
peddle
, kolport-i.
pedestal
, piedestal-o.
pedestrian
, piedirant-o.
peeling
, ŝel-o.
pen
, plum-o; (
enclosure
), ej-o (
III
).
pencil
, krajon-o;
hair—
, penik-o.
penetrate
, penetr-i.
people
, popol-o; (
indefinite pronoun
), oni (
54
).
pepper
, pipr-o.
perceive
, sent-i; (
see
), vid-i.
percentage
, procent-o; (
of profit
), tantiem-o.
perfect
, perfekt-a.
perfidious
, perfid-a.
perform
(act), ag-i; (
fulfil
), plenum-i; (
do
), far-i.
perfume
, parfum-o; (
odor
), bonodor-o.
period
, period-o; (
of time
), epok-o; (
punctuation
), punkt-o.
perish
, pere-i.
permit
, permes-i.
persecute
, persekut-i; (
worry
), turment-i, ĝen-i.
persevere
, persist-i.
person
, person-o.
perspire
, ŝvit-i.
persuade
, konvink-i.
pet
, dorlot-i.
petroleum
, petrol-o.
phantom
, fantom-o.
Pharaoh
, faraon-o.
pharmacy
, farmaci-o; (
shop
), apotek-o.
philosopher
, filozof-o.
photograph
, fotograf-i.
phrase
, fraz-o.
physician
, kuracist-o.
physics
, fizik-o.
pick
(
choose
), elekt-i; (
gather
), kolekt-i.
pickle
, pekl-i.
picture
, bild-o; (
portrait
), portret-o;
— gallery
, pinakotek-o.
picturesque
, pitoresk-a, pentrind-a.
pie
, kukaĵ-o; (
patty
), pasteĉ-o.
piece
, pec-o.
pig
, pork-o.
pigeon
, kolomb-o.
(be a) pilgrim
, pilgrim-i.
pillage
, rab-i.
pillar
, kolon-o.
pin
, pingl-o.
pinch
, pinĉ-i.
pine
(
tree
), pin-o;
— for
, sopir-i je.
pineapple
, ananas-o.
pinnacle
, pint-o.
pioneer
, pionir-o.
pious
, pi-a.
pipe
, tub-o; (
for smoking
), pip-o.
pitcher
, kruĉ-o.
pity
, kompat-i; (
regrettable affair
), domaĝ-o.
placard
, afiŝ-o.
place
, lok-o; (
for something
), -ej-o (
111
); (
broad, short street or open space
), plac-o; (
put
), met-i.
plait
, plekt-i.
plan
, plan-o, projekt-o, skiz-o.
plane
, plat-a.
planet
, planed-o.
plank
, tabul-o.
plant
, plant-i; (
vegetable growth
), kreskaĵ-o, vegetaĵ-o.
plate
, plat-o; (
dish
) teler-o.
platform
(
railway
), peron-o.
play
, lud-i; (
music
), muzik-i; (
theatrical
), teatraĵ-o.
player
(
theatrical
), aktor-o.
pleasant
, agrabl-a, dolĉ-a, afabl-a.
please
, plaĉ-i (
265
); kontentig-i, far-i plezuron al; (
in requests
), bonvolu, mi petas.
pleasure
, plezur-o;
take — in
, ĝu-i.
plot
, konspir-i.
plow
, plug-i.
plum
, prun-o.
plumber
, plumbist-o.
plunder
, rab-i.
plural
, multenombr-o.
pneumatic
, pneumatik-a.
, poŝ-o.
poem
, poem-o.
poet
, poet-o.
poetry
, poezi-o.
point
, punkt-o; (
sharp
), pint-o;
— out
, montr-i.
poise
(
trans.
), balanc-i; (of manner), aplomb-o.
poison
, venen-o.
pole
, stang-o; (
shaft of vehicle
), timon-o; (
geographical
), polus-o.
Pole
, pol-o.
police
, polic-o.
polite
, ĝentil-a.
politics
, politik-o.
polish
, polur-i; polished, polurit-a, glat-a.
pomp
, pomp-o.
popular
, popular-o, popol-a.
porcelain
, porcelan-o.
porch
, verand-o; (
stoop
), peron-o; (
balcony
), balkon-o.
pork
, porkaĵ-o.
port
, haven-o.
portion
, porci-o, part-o.
portrait
, portret-o.
possess
, posed-i.
possible
, ebl-a (
161, 162
); kredebl-a (
270
).
post
(
pole
), stang-o; (
), poŝt-o;
—card
, poŝtkart-o;
—paid
, afrankit-e.
postage
(
cost
), poŝtelspezo;
— stamp
, poŝtmark-o.
poster
, afiŝ-o.
pot
, pot-o.
potato
, terpom-o;
sweet —
, batat-o.
pound
, pist-i; (
measure
), funt-o.
pour
(liquids), verŝ-i; (
as in a chute
), ŝut-i.
powder
, pudr-o.
power
, pov-o, potenc-o.
practice
, praktik-i.
praise
, laŭd-i.
pray
, preĝ-i.
preach
, predik-i.
precise
, preciz-a, ĝust-a.
predestined
, fatal-a.
prefer
, prefer-i.
prefix
, prefiks-o.
premium
, premi-o.
prepare
, prepar-i.
prepay
, afrank-i.
presence
, ĉeest-o, apudest-o;
in the — of
(
prep.
), ĉe (
125
), antaŭ.
present
(
gift
), donac-o; (
time
), estantec-o, estant-a, nun-a (
171
); (
in attendance
), ĉeestant-a.
present
, prezent-i, donac-i, don-i.
preserve
(
keep
), ten-i; (
keep safe
), konserv-i; (
food
), kompot-o, konfitaĵ-o.
preside
, prezid-i.
president
, prezidant-o.
press
, prem-i; (
), pres-i; (
wardrobe
), ŝrank-o; (
be urgent
), urĝ-i.
pretend
(
make pretext of
), pretekst-i; (
feign
), ŝajnig-i; (
lay claim
), pretend-i.
price
, prez-o, kost-o.
prick
, pik-i.
priest
, pastr-o.
prince
, princ-o, reĝid-o.
principal
, precip-a, ĉef-a.
, pres-i.
prize
, ŝat-i; (
premium
), premi-o.
prized
, kar-a, altetaksat-a, ŝatat-a.
problem
, problem-o.
process
, metod-o; (
legal
), proces-o.
proclaim
, proklam-i.
procrastinate
, prokrast-i.
produce
, produkt-i;
— a result
, efik-i; (
give birth to
), nask-i.
profession
, profesi-o.
professor
, profesor-o.
profile
, profil-o.
profit
, profit-i; (
percentage
), tantiem-o.
profound
, profund-a.
progress
, progres-i.
project
, projekt-o.
promenade
, promen-i.
promise
, promes-i.
propensity
, inklin-o, em-o (
192
).
(be) proper
, dec-i.
property
, propraĵ-o, posedaĵ-o; (
land
), bien-o; (
characteristic
), ec-o (
202
).
proportional
, proporci-a.
propose
, propon-i, sugesti-i.
prose
, prozo;
piece of —
, prozaĵo.
prosecute
, persekut-i.
prosper
, prosper-i.
protect
, protekt-i, gard-i.
protest
, protest-i.
proud
, fier-a
prove
, pruv-i; (
test
), prov-i.
provoke
, incit-i, ekscit-i, kaŭz-i, nask-i, kolerig-i.
psalm
, psalm-o.
public
, publik-o.
publish
, publikig-i, eldon-i.
pudding
, puding-o.
pull
, tir-i.
pump
, pump-i.
pumpkin
, kukurb-o.
punish
, pun-i.
pure
, pur-a.
puree
, pistaĵ-o.
purple
, purpur-a.
purpose
, cel-i, intenc-i.
push
, puŝ-i; (
shove
), ŝov-i.
put
, met-i;
— off
, prokrast-i.
Q.
quality
, ec-o (
202
); (
texture, etc.
), kvalito.
quantity
, kvant-o;
any —
,
a certain —
, iom (
217
);
see table
, 235.
quarter
(
of a city
), kvartal-o; (
fourth
), kvaron-o;
—ly
, trimonat-a.
question
, demand-o; (
problem
), problem-o; (
doubt
), dub-o.
quick
, rapid-a; (
lively
), viv-a.
quiet
, kviet-a, trankvil-a, silent-a.
quince
, cidoni-o.
quite
(
adv.
), tut-e.
quote
, cit-i.
R.
rabbit
, kunikl-o.
race
(
people
), ras-o.
radish
, rafan-o;
horse—
, armoraci-o.
radius
, radi-o.
rag
, ĉifon-o.
raging
, furioz-a.
rail
, rel-o;
—way
, fervoj-o;
—way carriage
, vagon-o;
—way station
, stacidom-o.
rain
, pluv-o;
—bow
, ĉielark-o.
raise
, lev-i.
raisin
, sekvinber-o.
rank
, rang-o; (
grade
), grad-o.
rap
, frapet-i.
rapid
, rapid-a.
rascal
, fripon-o, kanajl-o.
rasp
, rasp-i.
raspberry
, framb-o.
rat
, rat-o.
rate
, taks-i; (
schedule of prices
), tarif-o, prezar-o; (
percentage
), procent-o;
at the — of
(
prep.
), po (
175
).
rational
, prudent-a, racional-a.
raucous
, raŭk-a.
raven
, korv-o.
ravishing
, rav-a.
raw
, nekuirit-a.
ray
(
of light
), radi-o.
reach
, ating-i; (
a goal
), traf-i.
read
, leg-i.
ready
, pret-a.
real
, efektiv-a, real-a; ver-a.
reap
, rikolt-i.
reason
(
exert the power of reasoning
), rezon-i; (
cause
), kaŭz-o; (
motive
), kial-o;
for what —, for any —, etc.
,
see table
, 235.
reasonable
, prudent-a.
rebate
, rabat-i.
recall
, revok-i; (
to memory
), rememor-i; (
to another's memory
), rememorig-i.
receive
, ricev-i; (
accept
), akcept-i; (
money
), enspez-i.
receipt
(
for payment
), kvitanc-o.
reckon
, kalkul-i.
recent
, nov-a, antaŭnelong-a (
90
).
receptacle
, uj-o (
237
); (
for one object
), ing-o (
181
).
recess
(
alcove
), alkov-o; (
vacation
), libertemp-o.
reciprocal
, reciprok-a (
180
).
recite
, deklam-i.
recline
, kuŝ-i (
239
).
recommend
, rekomend-i.
recompense
, rekompenŝ-i.
recover
(
find
), retrov-i; (
get well
), resaniĝ-i.
red
, ruĝ-a; reddish, duberuĝ-a.
reduction
(
of price
), rabat-o.
refine
, rafin-i.
refuse
, rifuz-i, malpermes-i.
refute
, refut-i.
regale
, regal-i.
region
, region-o.
register
(
trans.
), registr-i; (
letters
), rekomend-i.
regret
, bedaŭr-i; (
be penitent for
), pent-i.
regrettable
, bedaŭrind-a;
— affair (pity)
, domaĝ-o.
regulation
, regul-o, leĝ-o.
reign
, reg-i.
rejoice
, ĝoj-i (
116
).
relate
, rilat-i (
266
); (
tell
), rakont-i.
relative
(
person
), parenc-o.
religion
, religi-o.
rely
, konfid-i; fid-i.
remain
, rest-i; remaining (
other
), ceter-a.
remember
, memor-i; (
recall to memory
), rememor-i.
render
, far-i, ig-i (
214
); (
an account
), don-i, prezent-i, liver-i.
renown
, fam-o, glor-o.
rent
, lu-i; (
let
), luig-i; (
farm out
), farm-i; (
price
), luprez-o.
repair
, ripar-i; (
patch
), flik-i.
repeat
, ripet-i.
repent
, pent-i.
report
, raport-i.
repose
, ripoz-i.
represent
, reprezent-i.
reproach
, riproĉ-i.
republic
, respublik-o.
repulse
, repuŝ-i, repel-i.
request
, pet-i.
require
, postul-i; (
need
), bezon-i.
rescue
, sav-i.
reside
, loĝ-i.
respect
, respekt-i.
rest
(
repose
), ripoz-i; (
remain
), rest-i; (
— upon
), apog-i sur.
restaurant
, restoraci-o.
result
, rezult-i.
resume
, resum-o.
return
(
go back
), reir-i; (
come back
), reven-i; (
give back
), redon-i.
revery
, rev-o.
review
(
magazine
), revu-o.
reward
, rekompenc-i.
rhubarb
, rabarb-o.
rib
, rip-o.
ribbon
, ruband-o.
rice
, riz-o.
rich
, riĉ-a.
ride
, rajd-i; (
in vehicle, boat, etc.
), vetur-i.
ridicule
, mok-i; worthy of — (ridiculous), ridind-a.
right
, prav-a; (
to something
), rajt-o; (
not left
), dekstr-a.
right-angled
, ort-a.
ring
(
intrans.
), sonor-i; (
circlet
), ring-o.
ringlet
(
of hair
), bukl-o.
ripe
, matur-a.
river
, river-o.
road
, voj-o; (
broad roadway
), ŝose-o.
roam
, vag-i.
roar
, muĝ-i.
roast
, rost-i.
rob
, rab-i, ŝtel-i.
robber
, rabist-o.
robe
, rob-o.
Robert
, Robert-o.
roguish
, petol-a; (
rascally
), fripon-a.
roll
(
trans.
), rul-i; (
something around something else
), volv-i; (
bread
), bulk-o; (
list
), list-o, registr-o.
roof
, tegment-o.
room
, ĉambr-o; (
space
), spac-o.
root
, radik-o.
rose
, roz-o.
(by) rote
, parker-e.
round
, rond-o; (
of ladder
), ŝtupet-o; (
roundabout
) (
prep.
) ĉirkaŭ (
89, 120, 159, 160
).
routine
, rutin-o.
row
(boats), rem-i.
royalty
, reĝec-o; (
share of profit
) tantiem-o.
rub
, frot-i.
ruin
, ruin-o.
rule
, reg-i; (
draw lines
), lini-i; (
regulation
), regul-o.
rumor
, fam-o; rumored, laŭdir-a.
run
, kur-i; (
of fluids
), flu-i.
Russian
, rus-o.
rust
, rust-i.
S.
sack
, sak-o; (
plunder
), rab-i.
sacred
, sankt-a.
sacrifice
, ofer-i, oferdon-i.
saddle
, sel-o.
safe
, sendanĝer-a, senrisk-a; (
chest
), monkest-o.
sail
, vel-o.
salad
, salat-o.
salary
, salajr-o.
salt
, sal-o.
salute
, salut-i.
same
, sam-a.
sample
, specimen-o.
sand
, sabl-o.
sap
, suk-o.
sardine
, sarden-o.
satchel
, valiz-o.
sated
, sat-a.
satin
, atlas-o.
satisfied
, kontent-a; (
of hunger
), sat-a.
Saturday
, sabat-o.
sausage
, kolbas-o.
sauce
, saŭc-o.
saucer
, subtas-o, teleret-o.
saucy
, petol-a, malĝentil-a, insultem-a.
savage
, sovaĝ-a.
save
, sav-i; (
keep
), konserv-i; (
economize
), ŝpar-i; (
prep.
), krom, escepte de.
saw
, seg-i.
say
, dir-i (
77
).
scales
(
for weighing
), pesil-o.
scarcely
(
adv.
), apenaŭ.
scent
(
trans.
), flar-i.
schedule
(
of rates
), tarif-o.
science
, scienc-o.
scissors
, tondil-o.
Scot
(
Scotchman
), skot-o.
scoundrel
, kanajl-o, fripon-o.
scrape
, skrap-i.
screen
, ŝirm-i.
screw
, ŝraŭb-o;
—driver
, ŝraŭbturnil-o.
sculpture
, skulpt-i.
sea
, mar-o.
seal
, sigel-i.
season
(
of the year
), sezon-o.
second
(
of time
), sekund-o; (
in order
), dua;
a — time
(
adv.
), duafoje, bis.
secret
, sekret-o.
secretary
, sekretari-o.
section
, sekci-o, part-o, er-o (
276
).
see
, vid-i;
— to
, zorg-i pri.
seed
, sem-o.
seek
, serĉ-i;
— advice of
, konsult-i.
seem
, ŝajn-i;
—ing
, ŝajn-a, kvazaŭ-a.
seize
, kapt-i.
select
, elekt-i.
self
(
reflexive
),
see
39, 40, 44; (
intensive
), mem (
219
).
self-command
, aplomb-o.
sell
, vend-i.
senate
, senat-o.
send
, send-i.
sense
, prudent-o, saĝ-o; (
meaning
), senc-o; (
feeling
), sent-o.
sentence
, fraz-o; (
legal
), juĝ-o, kondamn-o.
separate
(
intrans.
), disiĝ-i, disir-i; (
distinct
), apart-a.
September
, septembr-o.
serene
, trankvil-a.
series
, seri-o, vic-o.
serious
, serioz-a, grav-a.
serve
, serv-i; (
be good for
), taŭg-i por.
set
, met-i; (
of the sun
), subir-i; (
type
), kompost-i;
— free
, liberig-i;
— out (start)
, forir-i, ekir-i.
seven
(
adj.
), sep (
136
).
several
, kelk-aj, kelk-e.
severe
, sever-a.
sew
, kudr-i.
shade
(
shadow
), ombr-o; (
tint
) nuanc-o; (
screen
), ŝirmil-o.
shaft
(
of vehicle
), timon-o.
shake
(
trans.
), sku-i; (
oscillate
), ŝancel-i;
— hands
, manprem-i.
sham
, pretekst-i.
shape
, form-o;
—ly
, beltali-a.
share
, partopren-i, divid-i, part-o, porci-o.
sharp
, akr-a; (
pointed
), pint-a.
shatter
, frakas-i.
shave
, raz-i.
shawl
, ŝal-o.
she
(
pronoun
), ŝi (
32, 37, 42
).
shear
, tond-i.
sheep
, ŝaf-o.
shelf
, bret-o.
shell
, ŝel-o; (
of mollusk
), konk-o;
to remove the —
, senŝelig-i.
shelter
, ŝirm-i.
shepherd
, paŝtist-o.
shield
, ŝild-o; (
protect
), ŝirm-i.
shin-bone
, tibi-o.
shine
, bril-i, lum-i.
ship
, ŝip-o.
shirt
, ĉemiz-o.
shoe
, ŝu-o.
shoot
(
with gun, etc.
), paf-i.
shop
, butik-o.
shore
, bord-o, marbord-o.
short
, mallong-a;
—sighted
, miop-a;
—hand
, stenografi-o.
shoulder
, ŝultr-o.
shove
, ŝov-i.
shovel
, ŝovel-i.
show
(
trans.
), montr-i.
shrill
, akr-a, akrason-a.
shun
, evit-i.
shut
(trans.), ferm-i.
side
, flank-o;
—board
, telermebl-o;
—walk
, trotuar-o;
—wise
, oblikv-a.
sift
, kribr-i.
sigh
, sopir-i.
sign
, sign-o;
— the name
, subskrib-i.
signify
, signif-i.
silent
, silent-a (
239
).
silk
, silk-o.
silver
, arĝent-o.
similar
, simil-a.
simple
, simpl-a.
sin
, pek-i.
since
(
conj.
), ĉar, tial ke (
83
); (
prep.
), de, depost (
89
); (
adv.
), de tiam.
sing
, kant-i.
single
, sol-a, unuop-a;
— man (unmarried man)
, fraŭl-o.
sit
, sid-i (
239
).
six
(
adj.
), ses (
136
).
sketch
, skiz-i.
skill
, lertec-o;
trial of —
, konkurs-o.
skin
(
human
), haŭt-o; (
of animals
), fel-o.
skirt
, jup-o.
sky
, ĉiel-o.
slanting
, oblikv-a, klin-a.
slate
(
stone
), ardez-o.
slaughter
, buĉ-i.
slave
, sklav-o.
sleep
, dorm-i;
lull to —
, lul-i.
sleeve
, manik-o.
slide
, glit-i.
slime
, ŝlim-o.
slipper
, pantofl-o.
sly
, ruz-a.
smear
, ŝmir-i.
smell
(
trans.
), flar-i; (
intrans.
), odor-i.
smile
, ridet-i.
smoke
, fum-i.
smooth
, glat-a; (
polished
), polurit-a.
sneeze
, tern-i.
snow
, neĝ-i.
so
(
conj.
), do; (
adv.
), (
thus
), tiel (
88, 156
); (
therefore
), tial (
78
);
— much
, tiom (
104, 164
).
society
, societ-o.
Socrates
, Sokrat-o.
sofa
, kanap-o.
soft
, mol-a.
soil
, ter-o; soiled, malpur-a.
soldier
, soldat-o; (
professional
), militist-o.
sole
, sol-a; (
of foot
), pland-o; (
of shoe
), ledpland-o.
solemn
, solen-a.
some
, kelk-a, kelk-e, iom (
217
);
—one
,
—how
, etc.,
see table
, 235.
son
, fil-o.
soon
(
adv.
), baldaŭ.
sorcerer
, sorĉist-o.
sort
, spec-o, klas-o; (
put in order
), ordig-i, enfakig-i.
soul
, anim-o.
sound
(
intrans.
), son-i; (
of bells
), sonor-i; (
in good condition
), bonstat-a.
soup
, sup-o.
sour
, acid-a, maldolĉ-a.
south
, sud-o.
sow
, sem-i.
space
, spac-o.
spacious
, vast-a, grandspac-a, grandampleks-a.
Spaniard
, hispan-o.
spare
(save), ŝpar-i; (
pardon
), pardon-i.
sparrow
, paser-o.
speak
, parol-i (
77
).
spear
, lanc-o.
special
, special-a, apart-a.
specialty
, fak-o.
species
, spec-o.
specimen
, specimen-o, model-o.
spectre
, fantom-o.
speed
, rapid-o, rapidec-o.
spell
, silab-i; (
witchcraft
), sorĉaĵ-o.
spend
(
money
), elspez-i; (
time
), pasig-i.
speso
, spes-o (
285
).
spider
, arane-o.
spin
, ŝpin-i.
spinach
, spinac-o.
spite
, malic-o;
in — of
, (
prep.
), malgraŭ, spite.
splash
(
trans.
), plaŭd-i.
splendor
, pomp-o, bril-o, belegec-o.
split
(
trans.
), fend-i.
spoil
(
trans.
), difekt-i.
spoke
(
of wheel
), radi-o.
spoon
, kuler-o.
spot
, makul-i.
spout
(
liquids
), ŝpruc-i.
spring
(
season
), printemp-o; (
of water
), font-o.
sprite
, kobold-o, fe-o.
spruce
(
tree
), pice-o.
spurt
(
of liquids
), ŝpruc-i.
spy
, spion-o; (
catch sight of
), ekvid-i;
—glass
, lorn-o.
square
, kvadrat-o; (
public
), plac-o.
stain
, makul-i.
stair
(
staircase
), ŝtupar-o.
stag
, cerv-o.
stake
(
of palisade
), palis-o.
stamp
(
officially
), stamp-i; (
with foot
), piedfrap-i;
postage —
, poŝtmark-o.
stand
, star-i (
239
); (
endure
), sufer-i, elport-i.
standard
(
model
), model-o; (
flag
), standard-o.
star
, stel-o; (
any heavenly body
), astr-o.
starch
, amel-o.
state
(
condition
), stat-o; (
political
), ŝtat-o; (
governed body
), regn-o.
station
(
state
), stat-o; (
railway, etc.
), staci-o, stacidom-o.
stay
, rest-i.
steady
, firm-a, konstant-a, nemovebl-a.
steal
, ŝtel-i, rab-i (
252
).
steam
, vapor-o.
steel
, ŝtal-o.
steep
, krut-a.
step
, paŝ-i; (
of stairs
), ŝtup-o.
stern
, sever-a.
stew
(
trans.
), stuf-i.
stick
, baston-o; (
adhere
), algluiĝ-i.
still
(
silent
), silent-a; (
adv.
), ankoraŭ; jam; (
conj.
), tamen.
stimulate
, stimul-i, incit-i.
sting
, pik-i.
stipulate
, kondiĉ-o.
stocking
, ŝtrump-o.
stomach
, stomak-o.
stone
, ŝton-o.
stoop
, kliniĝ-i; (
entrance porch
), peron-o.
stop
(
intrans.
), halt-i; (
leave off
), ĉes-i;
— up
, ŝtop-i.
stopper
, ŝtopil-o.
store
(
shop
), butik-o; (
warehouse
), magazen-o, konservej-o, tenej-o.
story
(
tale
), fabel-o, rakont-o; (
of house
), etaĝ-o.
stove
, forn-o.
straight
, rekt-a.
strange
, strang-a, kurioz-a; (
foreign
), fremd-a.
strap
, rimen-o.
straw
, pajl-o.
strawberry
, frag-o.
streak
, stri-o;
make a —
, strek-i.
street
, strat-o;
— arab
, bub-o.
street-car
, tramveturil-o;
— line
, tramvoj-o.
stress
, akcent-o; (
force
), fort-o.
stretch
(
trans.
), etend-i; (
forcibly
), streĉ-i.
string
, ŝnur-o; (
shoelace
), laĉ-o;
— bean
, fazeol-o.
strike
, frap-i, bat-i; (
of laborers
), strik-o;
— out
, trastrek-i.
strip
(
of paper, cloth, etc.
), banderol-o;
— off
, senig-i.
stripe
, stri-o.
strive
, pen-i.
strong
, fort-a.
struggle
, barakt-i.
student
, student-o; (
person studying
), studant-o.
study
, stud-i.
stuff
, ŝtof-o; (
furniture, etc.
), rembur-i.
stump
, stump-o.
style
, stil-o, mod-o, fason-o.
subject
(
theme
), tem-o; (
grammatical
), subjekt-o; (
ruled
), regat-o.
subscribe
, subskrib-i; (
to magazine, etc.
), abon-i.
substance
, substanc-o.
succeed
, sukces-i; (
fare well
), prosper-i; (
follow
), sekv-i, postven-i.
succulent
, suk-a, sukplen-a.
such
, tia (
65
); (
adv.
), tiel (
88
).
sudden
, subit-a, neatendit-a.
suffer
, sufer-i, toler-i; (
permit
), permes-i.
suffice
, sufiĉ-i.
suffix
, sufiks-o.
suffocate
(
trans.
), sufok-i.
sugar
, suker-o.
suggest
, sugesti-i, propon-i.
suit
(
of clothes
), vest-oj, komplet-o; (
at law
), proces-o.
suitable
, konven-a, konform-a, taŭg-a, dec-a.
suite
(
of rooms
), apartament-o.
sulphur
, sulfur-o.
sum
, sum-o; (
total
), tut-o.
summarize
, resum-i.
summer
, somer-o;
—house
, laŭb-o.
summit
, pint-o, supr-o.
sun
, sun-o.
Sunday
, dimanĉ-o.
superior
, super-a; (
person
), superul-o.
superstition
, superstiĉ-o.
supply
, liver-i, proviz-i.
suppose
, supoz-i; opini-i.
sure
, cert-a.
surface
, supraĵ-o.
surprise
, surpriz-i.
suspect
, suspekt-i.
suspend
, pendig-i.
suspenders
, ŝelk-o.
swallow
, glut-i; (
bird
), hirund-o.
swamp
, marĉ-o.
swan
, cign-o.
swear
, ĵur-i.
Swede
, sved-o.
sweep
(
floors, etc.
), bala-i.
sweet
, dolĉ-a;
—potato
, batat-o.
sweetmeat
, bombon-o, sukeraĵ-o, konfitaĵ-o;
be fond of —
, frand-i.
swim
, naĝ-i.
swine
, pork-o.
swing
(
trans.
), sving-i; (
balance
), balanc-i (
279
).
Swiss
, svis-o.
swoon
, sven-i.
sword
, glav-o.
syllable
, silab-o.
Syracuse
, Sirakuz-o.
T.
table
(
furniture
), tabl-o; (
tabulation
), tabel-o.
tail
, vost-o.
tailor
, tajlor-o.
take
, pren-i; (
magazines, etc.
), abon-i;
— in (money)
, enspez-i;
— place
, okaz-i;
— note of
, observ-i, rimark-i;
— oath
, ĵur-i;
— steps toward accomplishing
, klopod-i;
— pleasure in
, ĝu-i;
— the attention of
, distr-i.
tale
, fabel-o.
talent
, talent-o.
tall
, alt-a, altkresk-a, grand-a.
talon
, ungeg-o.
tap
(rap), frapet-i; (
faucet
), kran-o.
tariff
, tarif-o.
task
, task-o.
taste
, gust-o, gustum-i.
tax
, impost-o.
tea
, te-o;
— caddy
, teuj-o (
181
);
—pot
, tekruĉ-o.
teach
, instru-i.
tear
, ŝir-i; (
of the eye
), larm-o.
tease
, turmentet-i, ĉagren-i.
tedious
, ted-a, enuig-a, lacig-a.
telegraph
, telegraf-i.
telephone
, telefon-i.
telescope
, teleskop-o.
tell
, dir-i, rakont-i (
77
);
— lies
, mensog-i.
temper
, humor-o;
lose the —
, koler-i.
temple
(
of the head
), tempi-o; (
building
), templ-o.
tempt
, tent-i.
ten
(
adj.
), dek (
136
).
tender
, delikat-a, mol-a, kares-a.
tenor
(
voice
), tenor-o; (
course
), daŭr-o.
tent
, tend-o.
term
(
word
), termin-o; (
condition
), kondiĉ-o; (
time
), templim-o.
terrace
, teras-o.
territory
, teritori-o.
terror
, terur-o.
test
, prov-i, ekzamen-i.
texture
, kvalit-o; (
thing woven
), teksaĵ-o.
than
(
conj.
), ol (
82, 97, 98
).
thank
, dank-i (
265
).
that
(
conj.
), ke (
53, 83, 105, 259, 262
); (
pronoun
), tiu (
56
); tio (
233, 234
);
— kind
, tia (
65
); (
adv.
), tiel (
88, 156
);
— way
, tiamanier-e, tiel (
88
);
— much
, tiel mult-e, tiom (
104, 164
); (
when
) (
adv.
), kiam (
155
).
thaw
(
intrans.
), degel-i.
the
(
article
), la (11, 47, 201, 280, a); (
adv.
), ju, des (
84
).
theatre
, teatr-o.
theme
, tem-o.
then
(
conj.
), do; (
adv.
), tiam (
73
); (
afterwards
), post-e.
theory
, teori-o.
there
(
adv.
), tie (
68
); (
adv. calling attention
), jen (
228
);
see also
51.
therefore
(
adv.
), tial (
78
); pro tio, sekv-e.
they
(
pronoun
), ili (
32, 37, 42
); (
indefinite
), oni (
54
).
thick
, dik-a, dens-a.
thigh
, femur-o.
thing
, afer-o, objekt-o, aĵ-o (
227
);
any—
,
what —
, etc.,
see table
, 235.
think
, pens-i; (
have the opinion
), opini-i.
(be) thirsty
, soif-i.
this
(
pronoun
), tio ĉi (
233, 234
); (
pronoun and adj.
), tiu ĉi (
60
);
all —
, ĉio ĉi.
See table
, 235.
thong
, rimen-o.
thorn
, dorn-o.
thou
(
pronoun
), ci (
40
).
though
(
conj.
), kvankam;
as —
, kvazaŭ (
250
).
thousand
(
adj.
), mil (
142
).
thread
, faden-o;
— a needle
, enkudrilig-i fadenon.
threaten
, minac-i.
three
(
adj.
), tri (
136
).
threshold
, sojl-o.
thrifty
, ŝparem-a.
throat
, gorĝ-o.
throne
, tron-o.
throng
, amas-o, ar-o (
126
).
through
(
prep.
), tra (
46, 160
); (
by means of
), per (
64
); (
because of
), pro (
86
), de (
170
).
throw
, ĵet-i.
thumb
, dika fingr-o.
thunder
, tondr-i.
Thursday
, ĵaŭd-o.
thus
(
adv.
), tiel (
88, 156
), tiamanier-e.
ticket
, bilet-o;
— window
, giĉet-o.
tickle
, tikl-i.
tie
, lig-i; (
shoes, etc.
), laĉ-i.
tiger
, tigr-o.
tile
, kahel-o; (
brick
), brik-o.
till
(
money box
), kas-o; (
prep.
), ĝis (
46, 89
);
— the soil
, terkultur-i.
time
(
in general
), temp-o; (
occasion
), foj-o (
127
); (
epoch
), epok-o; (
of day
), hor-o.
tin
(
metal
), stan-o;
— plate (sheet iron covered with tin
), lad-o.
tinkle
, tint-i.
tint
, nuanc-o, kolor-o.
tire
(
trans.
), lacig-i, enuig-i; (
pneumatic
), pneŭmatik-o.
to
(
prep.
), al (
46, 160, 251, 252
); ĝis (
46, 89
).
toad
, buf-o.
toast
(
bread
), panrostaĵ-o; (
sentiment
), tost-o.
tobacco
, tabak-o.
today
(
adv.
), hodiaŭ (
93, 171
).
toe
, piedfingr-o.
toilet
, tualet-o.
tolerate
, toler-i, sufer-i.
tomato
, tomat-o.
tomb
, tomb-o.
tomorrow
(
adv.
), morgaŭ (
93, 171
).
tone
, ton-o.
tongue
(
of the body
), lang-o; (
of vehicle
), timon-o; (
language
), lingv-o.
too
(
adv.
), tro; (
too much
), tro multe, tro.
tool
, il-o (
63
).
tooth
, dent-o.
top
, supr-o.
torment
, turment-i.
total
, tut-o.
touch
, tuŝ-i; (
feel with the fingers, etc.
), palp-i;
sense of —
, palpad-o;
— the heart of
, kortuŝ-i.
toward
(
prep.
), al (
46, 160, 251, 252
).
tower
, tur-o;
— above
, superstar-i.
trace
, sign-o, postsign-o.
trade
(
occupation
), meti-o; (
commerce
), komerc-o; (
exchange
), interŝanĝ-i.
train
(
of cars
), vagonar-o; (
of dress
), trenaĵ-o.
tram
, tram-o;
—way
, tramvoj-o;
— car
, tramveturil-o.
tranquil
, trankvil-a; kviet-a.
translate
, traduk-i.
travel
, vojaĝ-i; (
by vehicle
), vetur-i.
tray
, plet-o.
treacherous
, perfid-a.
treasure
, trezor-o.
treasurer
, kasist-o.
treasury
, kas-o.
treat
(
in speech or writing
), trakt-i; (
for illness
), kurac-i; (
act towards
), kondut-i kontraŭ; (
regale
), regal-i.
treatise
, traktat-o.
tree
, arb-o.
tremble
, trem-i; (
vacillate
), ŝanceliĝ-i.
trial
, juĝa aŭskultado, esplorad-o; (
of skill
), konkurs-o; (
affliction
), malĝoj-o, sufer-o; (
test
), prov-o, ekzamen-o; (
attempt
), prov-o.
trifle
, bagatel-o.
triumph
, triumf-o.
tropic
, tropik-o.
trot
, trot-i.
trousers
, pantalon-o.
trunk
(
chest with lid
), kofr-o; (
of tree
), trunk-o.
trust
, fid-i, konfid-i; (
financial
), trust-o.
truth
, ver-o.
try
(
legally
), juĝ-i; (
strive
), pen-i; (
attempt, test
), prov-i.
tub
, kuv-o.
tube
, tub-o.
tuber
, tuber-o.
Tuesday
, mard-o.
tumbler
(
for drinking
), glas-o; (
juggler
), ĵonglist-o.
tune
, ari-o, melodi-o.
Turk
, turk-o.
turkey
, meleagr-o.
turn
(
trans.
), turn-i; (
in a series
), vic-o.
turnip
, nap-o.
turnstile
, giĉet-o.
twilight
, krepusk-o.
twist
(
trans.
), tord-i.
, pep-i.
two
(
adj.
), du (
136
).
tyrant
, tiran-o.
U.
umbrella
, ombrel-o.
uncle
, onkl-o.
unanimous
, unuvoĉ-a, unuanim-a.
uncommon
, kurioz-a, nekomun-a.
unconcerned
, indiferent-a; nezorgem-a.
under
(
prep.
), sub (
121, 160
).
underline
, substrek-i.
understand
, kompren-i.
undertake
, entrepren-i;
— initiative work
, klopod-i.
undeviating
, rekt-a.
unfailing
(
adv.
), nepr-e, cert-e.
unimportant
, indiferent-a, negrav-a.
union
, unuig-o, unuiĝ-o, kunig-o, kuniĝ-o.
universe
, univers-o.
university
, universitat-o.
until
(
prep.
), ĝis (
89
)
up
(
adv.
), supre, supren (
121
);
— to
, ĝis (
46
).
upholster
, rembur-i.
upper
, supr-a.
upon
(
prep.
), sur (
160
).
upright
, just-a; (
vertical
), vertikal-a.
urge
, urĝ-i, insiste pet-i.
upset
(
trans.
), renvers-i.
utmost
, ekstrem-a, ebl-o (161,
see also
162).
V.
(be) vacant
, vak-i, esti neokupata.
vacillate
, ŝanceliĝ-i.
vagabond
, vagist-o.
vain
(
futile
), van-a; senutil-a, senfrukt-a; (
proud
), vant-a, fier-a;
in —
, vane.
valise
, valiz-o.
valley
, val-o.
value
(
appraise
), taks-i; (
like
), ŝat-i;
have the — of
, valor-i.
vanquish
, venk-i.
vapor
, vapor-o.
varied
, divers-a, malsimil-a.
vase
, vaz-o.
vast
, vast-a, grand-a.
vaunt
, fanfaron-i, vantparol-i.
veal
, bovidaĵ-o (207, c).
vegetable
(
edible
), legom-o; (
plant growth
), vegetaĵ-o, kreskaĵ-o (227, a).
vegetarian
, vegetar-a.
vegetate
, veget-i.
veil
, vual-o.
vein
, vejn-o.
velvet
, velur-o.
veranda
, verand-o.
verify
, konstat-i, kontrol-i.
vermicelli
, vermiĉel-o.
verse
, vers-o; (
poesy
), poezi-o.
vertical
, vertikal-a.
very (very much)
(
adv.
), tre, tre multe; (
adj.
), sam-a, ident-a, (
intensive
) mem (
219
).
vex
, ĉagren-i.
vibrate
(
intrans.
), vibr-i.
vice
(
wickedness
), malvirt-o; (
prefix
), vic-.
vie
, konkur-i.
village
, vilaĝ-o.
vindication
, apologi-o.
vinegar
, vinagr-o.
violet
, viol-o.
violin
, violon-o.
virtue
, virt-o.
visage
, vizaĝ-o.
visit
, vizit-i.
vivid
, hel-a.
voice
, voĉ-o.
volume
(
book
), volum-o; (
of a body
), volumen-o.
vote
, voĉdon-i, balot-i.
vowel
, vokal-o.
voyage
, vojaĝ-i.
W.
wade
, vad-i.
waffle
, vafl-o.
wager
, vet-i.
wages
, salajr-o.
wait
(
wait for
), atend-i;
— on
, serv-i.
waiter
(
in restaurant, etc.
), kelner-o.
waist
, tali-o;
—coat
, veŝt-o
wake
(
trans.
), vek-i.
walk
, marŝ-i; (
for pleasure
), promen-i; (
of park, etc.
), ale-o;
side—
, trotuar-o.
wall
, mur-o.
waltz
, vals-i.
wander
, vag-i.
want
(
need
), bezon-i; (
desire
), dezir-i, vol-i; (
be lacking
), mank-i; (
extremity
), mizereg-o.
war
, milit-i.
wardrobe
(
garments
), vestar-o; (
furniture
), ŝrank-o, vestoŝrank-o.
warehouse
, magazen-o.
warm
, varm-a;
make —
, varmig-i, hejt-i.
warn
, avert-i; (
give notice
), aviz-i, antaŭsciig-i.
wash
, lav-i.
waste
(
prodigality
), malŝpar-o; (
refuse
), forĵetaĵ-o; (
desert
), dezert-o.
watch
(
look at
), rigardad-i; (
timepiece
), poŝhorloĝ-o;
— over
, gard-i.
water
, akv-o;
— color
, akvarel-o;
—fall
, kaskad-o.
wave
, ond-o; (
flutter, brandish
), flirt-i, sving-i.
wax
, vaks-o.
way
(
manner
), manier-o; (
custom
), kutim-o; (
method
), metod-o; (
means
), rimed-o; (
road
), voj-o;
— in
, enirejo;
this —
,
any—, etc.
,
see table
, 235.
we
(
pronoun
), ni (
32, 37
).
wear
, port-i;
— out
, eluz-i.
(be) wearied
, enu-i.
weather
, veter-o;
—cock
, ventoflag-o.
weave
, teks-i; (
plait
), plekt-i.
Wednesday
, merkred-o.
week
, semajn-o.
weep
, plor-i.
weigh
(
trans.
), pes-i; (
intrans.
), (
be heavy
), pez-i; (
meditate upon
), pripens-i (264, c).
welcome
, bonven-i; bone akcept-i;
you are —
, (
"no thanks needed"
), estas nenio, volonte farite.
well
(
healthy
), san-a; (
for water
), put-o; (
adv.
), bon-e; (
interjection
), nu (
273
), bon-e;
— informed
, kler-a;
— nigh
(
adv.
), preskaŭ.
west
, okcident-o.
wet
, malsekig-i, tremp-i.
whale
, balen-o.
what
(
pronoun
), kio (
233, 234
); (
pronominal adj.
), kiu (106, 146);
— kind
,
— way
,
— time
,
etc.
,
see table
, 235.
wheat
, tritik-o.
wheel
, rad-o.
when
(
adv.
), kiam (
125, 155
); (
while
), dum (
96
).
where
(
adv.
), kie (
118, 151
);
—fore
, kial (
129
), tial (
78
).
whether
(
conj.
), ĉu (30, 66, a).
which
(
pronoun
), kio (
233, 234
); (
pronoun and adj.
), kiu (106, 146);
— way
,
— kind
,
etc
.
see table
, 235.
while
(
prep.
), dum (
120, 159
); (
conj.
), dum (
96
); (concessive), kvankam; a —, iom da tempo.
whip
, vip-i.
whistle
, fajf-i; (
hiss
), sibl-i.
white
, blank-a; whitish, dubeblank-a.
who
(
pronoun
), kiu (
106, 143
); whose, kies (
107, 147
).
whole
(
entire
), tut-a.
why
(
adv.
), kial (
129
), pro kio.
wicket
, giĉet-o.
wide
, larĝ-a;
make —
, plilarĝig-i, etend-i.
widow
, vidvin-o; widower, vidv-o.
wig
, peruk-o.
wild
, sovaĝ-a.
(be) willing
, vol-i.
willingly
, volont-e.
wilt
, velk-i.
wind
, vent-o, survolv-i; (
twist
), tord-i; (
a watch
), streĉ-i.
winding
, tord-a.
window
, fenestr-o;
ticket —
, giĉet-o.
wine
, vin-o.
winter
, vintr-o.
wipe
, viŝ-i.
wise
, saĝ-a.
wish
, vol-i, dezir-i.
witch
, sorĉistin-o;
—craft
, sorĉ-o.
with
(
prep.
), kun (
70, 76, 120, 159, 160
); (
by means of
), per (
64
); (
agent of the passive
), de (
169
); je (
260
);
— regard to
, rilate (
266
);
—draw
, elir-i, forir-i;
(= having)
, havante (
222
).
wither
, velk-i.
without
(
prep.
), sen (
248
).
(give) witness
, atest-i.
witty
, sprit-a.
woe
, malĝoj-o; (
interjection
), ve (
273
).
wolf
, lup-o.
wonder
, mir-i.
woo
, amindum-i.
wood
, lign-o.
wool
, lan-o.
word
, vort-o; (
spoken
), parol-o.
work
, labor-i; (
of machinery
), funkci-i; (
literary composition
), verk-o.
world
, mond-o.
worm
, verm-o.
worship
, ador-i; (
divine service
), Diserv-o.
(be) worth
, valor-i.
worthy
, ind-a (
154
).
wound
, vund-i.
wreath
, girland-o.
wrestle
, barakt-i.
wretch
, fripon-o, kanajl-o;
—ed
, mizer-a, aĉ-a (
272
).
wrinkle
, sulket-o, faldet-o.
write
, skrib-i; (
books, articles, music
), verk-i.
wrong
, malprav-a, erar-a, maljust-a.
Y.
yawn
, osced-i; (
open
), fendiĝ-i.
year
, jar-o.
yearn
, sopir-i; dezireg-i.
yellow
, flav-a;
—ish
, dubeflav-a.
yes
(
adv.
), jes (
171
).
yesterday
(
adv.
), hieraŭ (
93, 171
);
day before —
, antaŭ-hieraŭ.
yet
(
adv.
), ankoraŭ; jam; (
conj.
), tamen.
yoke
, jug-o.
you
(
pronoun
), vi (
32, 37, 39
);
see also
oni (
54
).
young
, jun-a; (
offspring
), id-o (
207
).
Z.
zeal
, fervor-o.
zenith
, zenit-o.
zero
, nul-o.
zigzag
, zigzag-o.
zinc
, zink-o.
zone
, zon-o.
zoology
, zoologi-o.
INDEX.
The references are to sections, unless the page (p.) is given. The following abbreviations are used: ace. = accusative; adj. = adjective; adv. = adverb; expr. = expressed; ftn. = footnote; inf. = infinitive; intrans. = intransitive; prep. = preposition; trans. = transitive. For Esperanto words whose use or meaning is specially explained, references are given in the Vocabulary.
A.
Abbreviations
, 286; of ordinals, p. 107, ftn.
Abstract nouns
, 202.
Accent
, 8; of elided word, 280, b.
Accompaniment
, 70; distinguished from instrumentality and opposition, p. 49, ftn.
Accordance
, expr. by
laŭ
, 191.
Active voice
, participles of, 108, 119, 152; tenses of, see Tenses; synopsis of, 267.
Accusative
, ending, 23; of adj., 24; of pronoun, 37; of adv., 69, 121; of direction, 46, 108; of measure, 139; of time, 91; distinguished from temporal adv., 94; with temporal adv., 93; when avoided, 92; after adv., 266; with intrans. verb, 264; with nouns expressing motion, 263; in composition, p. 132, ftn.; instead of prepositional phrase, 265, 266; not used after prep., 36, (
al, ĝis, tra
) 46, (
preter
) p. 139, ftn.; not used with article, 25; not used with predicates, 25, 210; "cognate," see acc. with intrans. verbs, 264, a.
Adjectives
, defined, 12; ending of, 12; formation of, 116, (from adv.) 171, (from prep.) 159; attributive, 13; acc. of, 24; plural of, 17; agreement, (with nouns) 17, 21, 24, (with pronouns) 33, (with words connected by
nek
) 31; comparison of, 74; possessive, 43, (pronominal use of) 45; predicate, 19, (after trans, verbs) 210; use of, distinguished from adv. with
da
, 103; demonstrative, 65; distributive, 177; indefinite, 208; interrogative, 112; negative, 224; reflexive possessive, 44; relative, 150; causative verbs from roots of, 214, a; intrans. verbs from roots of, 232, c; cardinal, 136; ordinal, 149.
Adverbs
, defined, 66; primary, 66; derived, 79; (from prep.) 120; demonstrative, (
tie
) 68, (
tiam
) 73, (
tial
) 78, (
tiel
) 88, (
tiom
) 104; interrogative, (
kie
) 118, (
kiam
) 123, (
kial
) 129, (
kiel
) 134, (
kiom
) 140, (
ĉu
) 30, p. 38, ftn.; relative, (
kie
) 151, (
kiam
) 155, (
kiel
) 156, p. 170, ftn., (
kiom
) 164; distributive, (
ĉie
) 182, (
ĉiam
) iS7, (
ĉial
) 188, (
ĉiel
) 193, (
ĉiom
) 194; indefinite, (
ie
) 209, (
iam
) 212, (
ial
) 213, (
iel
) 216, (
iom
) 217; negative, (
nenie
) 225, (
neniam
) 226, (
nenial
) 229, (
neniel
) 230, (
neniom
) 231, (
ne
) 27, 66, a; generalizing, (
ajn
) 236; numeral, 158; position of, 66, a; expressing direction of motion, 69, 121; with expressions of time, 93; distinguishing from acc. of time, 94; with acc., 266; with prep., 87; calling attention, (
jen
) 228; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; as interjections, p. 216, ftn.; derivation of words from primary, 171.
Adverbial clauses
, p. 168, ftn.; participle, 222, (translating "without") p. 193, ftn.
Adversative conjunctions
, p. 32, ftn.
Advice
, expression of, 257, 259.
Affectionate diminutives
, 283 (also 198, and ftn., p. 221).
Affirmation
, 66.
Affixes
, see Prefixes, Suffixes.
Agency
, expr. by
de
, 169.
Agreement
, of attributive adj., 17, (with acc.) 24; of predicate noun and adj., 21; of adj. with two or more nouns, 17; of adj. with words connected by
nek
, 31; of adj. with pronouns, 33; of participle, 108; of nouns in apposition, 48.
Alphabet
, I.
Anticipation
, expr. by clause, 97; by inf. with prep., 98.
Aoristic tenses
, explained, p. 78, ftn.; conjugation of, (present) 14, (past) 35, (future) 55, (conditional) 241, (imperative), 254.
Apposition
, 48.
Argumentative conjunction
, p. 32, ftn.
Article
, definite, 11; invariable, 18, 25; for possessive adj., 47; with possessive adj., 45; generic, 201, 218, b, elision of, 280, a; no indefinite, II.
Assumption
, defined, 240; implied, 244.
Augmentatives
, 122.
Auxiliary verbs
, 109.
C.
Cardinal numerals
, 136; formation of, 142.
Case
, see Accusative, Dative, Nominative, Possessive.
Causative verbs
, 214.
Cause
, expr. by clause, 83; by
pro
, 86; by
ke
, p. 222, ftn.
Characteristic
, expr. by
kun
, 76; by adverbial participle, 222. Clauses, defined, p. 34, ftn.; adverbial, p. 168, ftn.; causal, 83; of anticipation, 97; of duration of time, 96; of imaginative comparison, 250; of purpose, 262; of result, 105; subordinate imperative, 259.
"Cognate acc.
," see acc. with intrans. verbs, 264.
Collective nouns
, 126.
Collective sense given by use of da
, 103.
Commands
, expression of, 256; in subordinate clause, 259.
Complement of prep.
, 36.
Complementary inf.
, 29.
Comparison
, of adj., 74; of adv., 79; of words expressing quantity, 81; containing
ol
, 82;
ju
and
des
in, 84.
Composition
, see Compounds.
Compound tenses
, explained, 109; of impersonal verbs, 179; conjugation of, see Tenses.
Compounds
, dependent, 176; descriptive, 167; possessive, 184.
Conclusion (of conditions) defined
, 240; (of letters), see Correspondence.
Concrete nouns
, formation of, 227.
Conditional mood
, 241; compound tenses of, 242; in contrary to fact conditions, 246; in less vivid conditions, 243; independent use of, 244; of
devi
, 247; conditional sentences, see Conditions. Conditions, defined, 240; contrary to fact, 246; factual, 240; less vivid, 243; vivid, p. 189, ftn.; summary of, 249.
Conjugation
, 34; synopsis of, 267; of tenses, see Tenses.
Conjunctions
, defined, 52; coordinating, 52; subordinating, 53, (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.;
aŭ
, p. 32, ftn.;
kaj
, 26, p. 32, ftn.;
ke
, (in indirect statements), 53, (in causal clauses) 83, p. 222, ftn.; (in result clause) 105, (in purpose clause) 262, (in subordinate imperative clause) 259;
kvazaŭ
, 250;
nek
, 31, p. 32, ftn.;
se
, 240;
sed
, p. 32, ftn.;
tamen
, p. 32, ftn.;
do
, p. 32, ftn.; see p. 110, ftn.
Connection
, expr. by
de
, 49; indefinite, expr. by
je
, 260.
Consent
, expression of, 257, (in subordinate clauses) 259.
Consonants
, combinations of, 6; pronunciation of, 3, names of, 4.
Contrary to fact conditions
, 246.
Coordinating conjunctions
, 52.
Copulative conjunctions
, p. 32, ftn.
Correlative words
, 235.
Correspondence
, 278.
D.
Dates
, expr. by acc., 91; expr. by
antaŭ
, 90; expr. by prep., 89; on letters, see Correspondence, 278.
"Dative
," ethical, of reference, of separation, p. 197, ftn.
Definite quantity
, nouns of, followed by
de
, 100.
Degree
, advs. of, 66, (
tiel
) 88, (
kiel
) 134, 156; highest possible, 162; see also Comparison.
Deliberation
, expression of, 257, (in subordinative clause) 259.
Demonstrative
, pronoun, (
tiu
) 56, (
ĉi tiu
) 60, (
tio, ĉi tio
) 233; adjective, 65; adv., see Adverbs.
Dependent compounds
, 176.
Derivation
, of adv., 79, (from prep.) 120; of words from prep., 159; of words from primary adv., 171.
Descriptive compounds
, 167.
Diminutives
, 198; affectionate, 283.
Diphthongs
, 5.
Direct object
, defined, 23; inf. as, see Complementary inf., 29; clause as, 53, 259; of complementary inf., 29; of participle, 108; of prep., see Complement, 36.
Direction
, expr. by acc. (of noun) 46, 263, (of adv.) 121.
Disjunctive conjunctions
, p. 32, ftn.
Distributive
, prep., see
po
, 175; pronoun, (
ĉiu
) 173, (
ĉio
) 233; adj., 177; adv., see Adverbs.
Double letters
, 6, e.
E.
Elision
, 280.
Emphasis
, by
eĉ
, 66; by
ja
, 215.
Emphatic negation
, 27.
Ending
, of acc., 23; of adj., 12; of adv., 79; of noun, 10; of plural, 16; of inf., 28; of indicative, 14, 35, 55; of conditional, 241, of imperative, 254; of participle, see Participles.
"Ethical dative
," p. 197, ftn.
Exclamations
, 115; use of
je
in, 260.
Exhortation
, 255.
Expedience
, expressions of, 259.
F.
Factual conditions
, 240.
Feminine nouns
, formation of, 59.
Formation
, of words, 116; of opposites, 67, of feminines, 59; with
-ig-
and
-iĝ-
, 239; from primary words, 159, 171.
Fractions
, 166.
Frequentative verbs
, 218, a.
Future participle
, (active) 152, (passive) 199.
Future tense
, 55, (progressive) 114, (passive) 183, periphrastic, 153, 200.
Future perfect tense
, 148, (passive) 196.
G.
Generic article
, 201. 218, b.
Generalizing adv. ajn
, 236.
H.
Highest degree possible
, 162.
I.
Imaginative comparison
, 250.
Imperative mood
, 254; in commands and prohibitions, 256; in resolve and exhortation, 255, in subordinate clauses, 259;. less peremptory uses of, 257; to express purpose, 262.
Imperfect tense
, 113, (passive) 178.
Impersonal verbs
, 50, compound tenses of, 179; modifiers of, 141.
Impersonally used verbs
, explained, 141; modifiers of, 141.
Inchoative verbs
, 232, a.
Indefinite connection
, expr. by
je
, 260.
Indefinite
, pronoun, (
iu
) 203, (
io
) 233; (personal) 54; adj., 208; advs., see Adverbs; prep., 260; suffix, 268; quantity, expressions of, with
da
, 99, 101.
Independent use of conditional mood
, 244.
Indicative mood
, defined, 241; tenses of, see Synopsis, 267.
"Indirect object
," see
al
.
Indirect quotation
, tenses in, 58; statements in, 53; questions in, p. 38, ftn.; p. 170, ftn.
Infinitive
, defined, 28, 241; ending of, 28; complementary, 29; as subject, 29; modifiers of, 130; synopsis of, 267; with prep., 98; replaced by noun, 218, b.
Instruction
, (orders), requests for, 257, 259.
Instrumentality
, expr. by
per
, 64; distinguished from accompaniment, p. 49, ftn.
Instruments
, formation of names of, 63.
Intensive pronoun
,
mem
, 219.
Intention
, expr. by clause, 259.
Interjections
, 273.
International money system
, 285; weights and measures, 284.
Interrogation
, 30, 66, a.
Interrogative
, pronoun, (
kiu
) 106, (kio) 233; adj., 112; advs., see Adverbs.
Intransitive verbs
, defined, 22; no passive, p. 122, ftn.; from adj. roots, 232, c; from noun roots, advs., preps., suffixes, prefixes, 232, d; from trans, verb roots, 232, b, (table of), 279.
Introductory particle
, not needed, 50, 51.
Invariability
, of article, 18; of
mem
, 219; of verb, 18; of cardinals, 136.
Inversion
, not needed in questions, 30.
L.
Less peremptory uses of imperative
, 257.
Less vivid conditions
, 243.
Letters
, names of, 4; double, pronunciation of, 6, e; see also Correspondence, 278.
Limitation of third personal pronoun
, 42.
M.
Manner
, expr. by
kun
, 76; expr. by.
per
, p. 53, ftn.; by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Adverbs.
Material
, expression of, 197.
Means
, expression of, 64.
Measure
, ace. of, 139; expr. by
je
, 260.
Measures
, weights and, 284.
Metric system
, 284.
Modifiers of impersonally used verbs
, 141.
Money system
, The international, 285.
Mood
, defined, 241; inf., see Infinitive; conditional, 241; imperative, 254; indicative, see 267; in conditions, see Conditions.
Moral obligation
, 247.
Motive or reason
, advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by clause, 83; expr. by prep., 86.
N.
Names
, of letters, 4; orthography of proper, 128.
Necessity
, expression of, 259.
Negative
, pronoun, (
neniu
) 220; (
nenio
) 233; adj., 224; advs., see Adverbs; conjunction, 31.
"Nominative absolute
," how rendered, p. 169, ftn.
Nominative case
, ending of, (for nouns) 10, (for adj.) 12; of predicate noun and adj., 25, 210; with prep., 36, (
al
,
ĝis
,
tra
) 46.
Noun
, defined, 10, ending of, 10, plural of, 16; acc. of, 23; elision of, 280, b; feminine, 59; numeral, 157; participial, 205; predicate, 20, 211; possessive case of, 49; expressing motion, followed by acc., 263; expressing quantity, followed by
da
, 99, by
de
, 100; replacing inf., 218, b; replacing participial phrase, p. 193, ftn.; from adv., 171; from prep., 159.
Noun roots
, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d.
Number
, see Plural.
Numeral nouns
, 157; advs., 158.
Numerals
, cardinal, 136; formation of, 142; fractional, 166; ordinal, 149; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn.; followed by
el
, 138.
O.
Object
, see Direct object, Indirect object, Complement.
Obligation
, 247, (moral) 247.
Opposites
, formation of, 67; of
pli
and
plej
, 80.
Opposition
, distinguished from accompaniment, p. 49, ftn.
Order
, of word endings, p. 10, ftn.; see also Position.
Ordinal numerals
, 149; advs., 158; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn.
Orthography
, of proper nouns, 128.
P.
Part of the whole
, expression of, (after noun) 99, (after adv.) 101.
Participial nouns
, 205; advs., 222.
Participle
, defined, 108; agreement of, 108; adverbial, 222, (translating "without") p. 193, ftn.; present, 108, (passive) 165; past, 119, (passive) 189; future, 152, (passive) 199.
Particle
, introductory, not needed, 50, 51.
Partitive construction
, p. 74, ftn.
Passive voice
, agent of, 169; participles of, see Participles; tenses of, see Tenses; of
-ig-
formations, 239; distinguished from
-iĝ-
formations, 232, b.
Past tense
, 35, (passive) see Imperfect; past participle, see Participles.
Past periphrastic future
, 153, (passive) 200.
Past inception
, present action with, 131.
Peremptory commands and prohibitions
, 256, 259.
Perfect tense
, 124, (passive) 190; perfect participle, see Past participle.
Periphrastic futures
, 153, (passive) 200.
Permission
, expression of, 269.
Perplexity
, expression of, 257, 259.
Personal pronouns
, 32; acc. of, 37; indefinite, 54; reflexive, 39, 40; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274.
Place
, expr. by
ĉe
, 125; advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by
-ej-
, III; 128.
Pluperfect tense
, 135, (passive), 195.
Plural
, of nouns, 16; of pronouns, 56, 106, 203, 173, 220; of adj., 16; of
unu
, 137; none of article, 18; none of pronouns ending in
-o
, 233.
Position
, of attributive adj., 13; of adv., 66, a; of emphatic negative, 27; of unemphatic pronoun, 274; of interrogative adv., 30.
Possession
, expr. by
de
, 49.
Possessive
, adjective, 43; reflexive, 44; article for, 47; ftn., p. 221.
Possessive case of nouns
, 49; of pronouns, (
ties
) 62, (
kies
) 107, 147, (
ĉies
) 174, (
ies
) 204, (
nenies
) 221; see also Possessive adjective, 43.
Possessive compounds
, 184.
"Possessive pronouns
," p. 24, ftn.
Possibility
, expression of, 270.
Predicate
, adj., 19, agreement of, 21; after trans, verbs, 210; noun, 20; agreement of, 21; after trans. verb, 211; clause as, 259.
Prefixes
, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; prep. as, 160, 248; adverb as, 71, 167, a, interjection as, p. 216, ftn.;
bo-
, 277;
dis-
, 245;
duon-
, 277;
ek-
, 206;
eks-
, 281;
ge-
, 271;
mal-
, 67;
pra-
, 282;
re-
, 223.
Prepositions
, defined, 36; with inf., 98; with adv., 87; with other preps., 87; case use with, 36, 46; expressing time relations, 89; as prefixes, 160; word derivation from, 159; advs. from, 120; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; making intrans. verbs trans., 264, b, c; see also references in Vocabulary.
Prepositional phrase
, acc. instead of, 265, 266.
Present action with past inception
, 131.
Present periphrastic future
, 153, (passive) 200.
Present participle
, 108, (passive) 165.
Present tense
, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168.
Primary adverbs
, defined, 66; derivation of words from, 171.
Probability
, expression of, 270.
Progressive tenses
, present, 110, future, 114; passive, 200.
Prohibition
, expression of, 256, 259.
Pronominal adjective
, possessive adj. as, 45; pronoun as, (
tiu
) 57, 60, (
kiu
) 106, 146, (
ĉiu
) 173, (
iu
) 203, (
neniu
) 220, (
ambaŭ
) 238.
Pronouns
, defined, 32; agreement with, 33; personal, 32; indefinite personal, 54; reflexive, 38, 39, 40, (in composition) p. 132, ftn.; possessive, p. 24, ftn.; possessive form of, see Possessive case; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274; correlation of predicative or relative, 234; followed by
el
, 173, p. 115, ftn.; series in
-o
, 233; demonstrative, 56, 60, 233; distributive, 173, 233; indefinite, 203, 233; interrogative, 106, 233; negative, 220, 233; relative, 146; 233; summary, 235;
ambaŭ
, 238; intensive, 219.
Proper nouns
, orthography of, 128.
Protestations
, use of
je
in, 260.
Proximity
, expr. by
ĉi
, 60, 66, p. 229, ftn.
Purpose
, expr. by inf., 98; by imperative, 262; by prep., 95.
Q.
Quantity
, construction with nouns expressing, 99, 100; construction with advs. expressing, 101; advs. of, (
tiom
) 104, (
kiom
) 140, 164, (
ĉiom
) 194, (
iom
) 217, (
neniom
) 231; comparison of advs. expressing, 81.
Questions
, 30; indirect, p. 38, ftn., p. 170, ftn.; of deliberation, perplexity, or for instructions, 257, 259.
Quotations
, indirect, 53, 58.
R.
Reciprocal expressions
, 180.
Reference
, expr. by
al
, 251.
Reflexive pronouns
, of first and second persons, 39; of third person, 40; with substantival inf., 130.
Reflexive possessive adjective
, 44.
Reflexive verbs
, 41; distinguished from verbs in
-iĝ-
, 232, b.
Relative pronoun
, (
kiu
) 146, (
kio
) 233; not omitted, p. 106, ftn.
Relative adjective
, 150; relative adverb, see Adverbs.
Relative clause
, see 146, 233, (temporal) 155, (of manner) 156, (quantitative) 164.
Request
, expression of, 257, 259; for instructions, 257, 259.
Resolve
, expression of, 255.
Result
, clauses of, 105.
Root
, defined, p. 42, ftn.
Route
, expression of, 191.
S.
Salutations
, 115.
Separation
, expr. by
de
, 170; expr. by
al
, 252; by
for
, 71; by
dis-
, 245.
Situation
, expr. by
ĉe
, 125; by adverbial participle, 222.
Source
, expr. by
de
, 170.
Statements
, indirect, 53; tenses in, 58.
Subject
, defined, 15; preceded by verb, 51; inf. as, 130; clause as, 141, 259; of adverbial participle, 222.
Subordinate clause
, defined, 53; imperative in, 259, 262; conditional in, see Conditions, 243, 246.
Subordinating conjunctions
,
ke
, 53, 105, 259 (
tial ke
) 83, p. 222, ftn.; (
por ke
) 262; (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.;
se
, 240;
kvazaŭ
, 250;
ĉu
, p. 38, ftn.
Substantive
, defined, p. 71, ftn.; inf. as, 98, 130; clause as, 53, 259.
Substitution
, expr. by prep., p. 63, ftn.; expr. by prep. with inf., 98; of noun for inf., 218, b, p. 193, ftn.
Suffixes
, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d;
-ad-
, 218;
-aĉ-
, 272;
-aĵ-
, 227;
-an-
, 145;
-ar-
, 126;
-ĉj-
, 283;
-ebl-
, 161;
-ec-
, 202;
-eg-
, 122;
-ej-
, 111;
-em-
, 192;
-er-
, 276;
-estr-
, 253;
-et-
, 198;
-id-
207;
-ig-
, 214, 239, 275;
-iĝ-
, 232, 239, 279;
-il-
, 63;
-in-
, 59;
-ind-
, 154;
-ing-
, 237;
-ist-
, 172, p. 154, ftn.;
-nj-
, 283;
-obl-
, 186;
-on-
, 166;
-op-
, 261;
-uj-
, 181;
-ul-
, 132;
-um-
, 268.
Summary of conditions
, 249.
Superlatives
, (adj.) 74, (adv.) 79; followed by
el
, 75.
Syllables
, 7.
Synonyms
, apparent, (
diri: paroli: rakonti
) 77, (
koni: scii
) 117, (
tempo; fojo
) 127, (
loĝi: vivi
) 133, (
antikva: maljuna: malnova
) p. 128, ftn., 67, (
ĉiu: tuta
) p. 130, ftn., (
indiferenta: nezorga
) p. 162, ftn., (
provi: peni: juĝi
) p. 228, ftn., (
ĝuste: juste: ĵus
) p. 198, ftn., (
ankoraŭ: jam
) p. 124, ftn., p. 112, ftn., (
troviĝi: sin trovi: kuŝi: sidi)
p. 217, ftn.
Synopsis of the verb
, 267.
System
, correlative, 235; metric, 284; of money, 285.
T.
Temporal clauses
, 96, 155.
Temporal adverbs
, 66, (
tiam
) 73, (
kiam
) 123, 155, (
ĉiam
) 187, (
iam
) 212, (
neniam
) 226, (
jam
) p. 124, ftn. (
ankoraŭ
) p. 112, ftn., (
ĵus
) p. 116, ftn.
Tenses
, aoristic, p. 78, ftn.; compound, 109; (of impersonal verbs) 179; in indirect quotations, 58; in conditions, 249; of inf., 267; of conditional, 241, 242; of imperative, 254; present, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168, past, 35, (passive) 178; future, 55, (progressive) 114; (passive) 183; imperfect, 113, (passive) 178; perfect, 124, (passive) 190; pluperfect, 135, (passive) 195; future perfect, 148, (passive) 190; periphrastic, 153, (passive) 200; synopsis of all, 267.
Terminations
, see Endings.
Terms of address
, 163; affectionate, 283, p. 221, ftn.
Time
, of day, 185; expr. by prep., 89; expr. by acc., 91; expr. by clause, 96, 155; expr. by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Temporal adverbs.
Titles
, 163; use of
moŝto
, 258.
Transitive verbs
, defined, 22; formed by
-ig-
, 214; from intrans. roots, 264, b, c; list of some, 275.
U.
Unemphatic words
, position of, (negative) 27, (pronoun) 274.
V.
Verbal nouns in -ad-
, 218, b, p. 193, ftn.
Verbal roots
, causative verbs from, 214, b.
Verbs
, mood of, 241; invariable, 18; causative, 214; frequentative, 218, a; inchoative, 232, a; impersonal, 50; reflexive, 41; trans., defined, 22; trans, from intrans. roots, 275; intrans., defined, 22; intrans. from trans. roots, 232, b, 279; from prep., 159; from adv., 171; conjugation of, 34, (synopsis) 267, preceding the subject, 51; as interjection, p. 216, ftn.; implied, (in comparisons) 82, 156, 250; (in salutations) 115, (in exclamations) 115, 228; with prepositional phrase containing
da
, 102.
Vivid conditions
, p. 189, ftn.
Vowels
, pronunciation of, 2.
W.
Way
, expression of, (manner) 76, (route) 191.
Weights and measures
, 284.
Wish
, expression of, 257, 259.
Words
, correlative, 235; formation of, 116; from prepositions, 159; from primary advs., 171; composition of, see Compounds; order of, in question, 30; see also Position.