Front matter (continued 13)

<— p. 180 —>

<— p. 180 —>

BreÏvet¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brevetted (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brevetting.] (Mil.) To confer rank upon by brevet. BreÏvet¶, a. (Mil.) Taking or conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a brevet commission. BreÏvet¶cy (?), n.; pl. Brevetcies (?). (Mil.)ÿThe rank or conditionÿof a brevet officer. Bre¶viÏaÏry (?), n.; pl. Breviaries (?). [F. br‚viarie, L. breviarium summary, abridgment, neut. noun fr. breviarius abridged, fr. brevis short. See Brief, and cf. Brevier.] 1. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary. A book entitled the abridgment or breviary of those roots that are to be cut up or gathered. Holland. 2. A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; Ð distinguishedÿfrom the missal. Bre¶viÏate (?), n. [L. breviatus, p.p. of breviareÿto shorten, brevis short.] 1. A short compend; a summary; a brief statement. I omit in this breviate to rehearse. Hakluyt. The same little breviates of infidelity have … been published and dispersed with great activity. Bp. Porteus. 2. A lawyer's brief. [R.] Hudibras. Bre¶viÏate (?), v.t. To abbreviate. [Obs.] Bre¶viÏaÏture (?), n. An abbreviature; an abbreviation. [Obs.] Johnson. BreÏvier¶ (?), n. [Prob. from being originally used in printing a breviary. See Breviary.] (Print.) A size of type between bourgeous and minion. µ This line is printed in brevier type. ? BreÏvil¶oÏquence (?), n. [L. breviloquentia.] A brief and pertinent mode of speaking. [R.] Brev¶iÏped (?), a. [L. brevis short + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. br‚vipŠde.] (Zo”l.) Having short legs. Ð n. A breviped bird. Brev¶iÏpen (?), n. [L. brevis short + penna wing: cf. F. br‚vipenne.] (Zo”l.) A brevipennate bird. Brev·iÏpen¶nate (?), a. [L. brevis short + E. pennate.] (Zo”l.) ShortÐwinged; Ð applied to birds which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich, cassowary, and emu. Brev·iÏros¶tral (?), Brev·iÏros¶trate (?), } a. [L. brevis short + E. rostral, rostrate.] (Zo”l.) ShortÐbilled; having aÿshort beak. Brev¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Brevities (?). [L. brevitas, fr. brevis short: cf. F. briŠvit‚. See Brief.] 1. Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the brevity of human life. 2. Contraction into few words; conciseness. Brevity is the soul of wit. Shak. This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant brevity and simplicity. Bp. Porteus. Syn. - Shortness; conciseness; succinctness; terseness. Brew (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brewed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brewing.] [OE. brewen, AS. bre¢wan; akin to D. brouwen, OHG. priuwan, MHG. briuwen, br?wen, G. brauen, Icel. brugga, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and perh. to L. defrutum must boiled down, Gr. ? (for ??) a kind of beer. The original meaning seems to have been to prepare by heat. û93.ÿCf. Broth, Bread.] 1. To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.] 2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. ½She brews good ale.¸ Shak. 3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct. Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. Shak. 4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; as, to brew mischief. Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul deceiver! Milton. Brew (?), v.i. 1. To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer. I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour. Shak. 2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or gathering; as, a storm brews in the west. There is some ill aÐbrewing towards my rest. Shak. Brew (?), n. The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed. Bacon. Brew¶age (?), n. Malt liquor; drink brewed. ½Some wellÐspiced brewage.¸ Milton. A rich brewage, made of the best Spanish wine. Macaulay. Brew¶er (?), n. One who brews; one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors. Brew¶erÏy (?), n. A brewhouse; the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on. Brew¶house· (?), n. A house or building appropriated to brewing; a brewery. Brew¶ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as beer and ale. 2. The quantity brewed at once. A brewing of new beer, set by old beer. Bacon. 3. A mixing together. I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a brewing and sophistication of them they make. Holland. 4. (Naut.) A gathering or formingÿof a storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds. Brew¶is (?), n. [OE. brewis, brouwys, browesse, brewet, OF. brouet, Ïs being the OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG. brod. û93. See Broth, and cf. Brose.] 1. Broth or pottage. [Obs.] Let them of their Bonner's ½beef¸ and ½broth¸ make what brewis they please for their credulous guests. Bp. Hall. 2. Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat, milk, or water and butter. Brews¶terÏite (?), n. [Named after Sir David Brewster.] A rare zeolitic mineral occurring in white monolitic crystals with pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and strontia. Brez¶iÏlin (?), n. See Brazilin. Bri¶ar (?), n. Same as Brier. BriÏa¶reÏan (?), a. [L. Briareius, fr. Briareus a mythological hundredÐhanded giant, Gr. ?, fr. ? strong.] Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to have a hundred hands; hence, hundredÐhanded or manyÐhanded. Brib¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bribed. A more bribable class of electors. S.Edwards. Bribe (?), n. [F. bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of bread; cf. OF. briber, brifer, to eat gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. bilibi food.] 1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust. Undue rewardÿfor anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart. 3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement. Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these ever?blooming sweets. Akenside. Bribe, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bribed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bribing.] 1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to. Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience. F.W.Robertson. 3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe. Bribe, v.i. 1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.] 2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise. An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier. The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith. Bribe¶less, a. Incapable of being bribed; free from bribes. From thence to heaven's bribeless hall. Sir W.Raleigh. Bribe¶er (?), n. 1. A thief. [Obs.] Lydgate. 2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices. 3. That which bribes; a bribe. His service … were a sufficient briber for his life. Shak. Bribe¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Briberies (?). [OE. brybery rascality, OF. briberie. See Bribe, n.] 1. Robbery; extortion. [Obs.] 2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt inducements. Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that he has not been bribed as to voting. [Eng.] Bric¶Ða brac· (?), n. [F.] Miscellaneous curiosities and works of decorative art, considered collectively. A piece of bricÐaÐbrac, any curious or antique article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal work, or an odd knickknack. Brick (?), n. [OE. brik, F. brique; of Ger. origin; cf. AS. brice a breaking, fragment, Prov. E. brique piece, brique de pain, equiv. to AS. hl¾fes brice, fr. the root of E. break. See Break.] 1. A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually rectangular, and sunÐdried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or stack called a clamp. The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of bricks baked in the furnace than the Babylonians. Layard. 2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; as, a load of brick; a thousand of brick. Some of Palladio's finest examples are of brick. Weale. 3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a brick of maple sugar; a penny brick (of bread). 4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a brick. [Slang] ½He 's a dear little brick.¸ Thackeray. To have a brick in one's hat, to be drunk. [Slang] µ Brick is used adjectively or in combination; as, brick wall; brick clay; brick color; brick red. Brick clay, clay suitable for, or used in making, bricks. Ð Brick dust, dust of pounded or broken bricks. Ð Brick earth, clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks. Ð Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape. Ð Brick noggingÿ(Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling. Ð Brick tea, tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and Central Asia. S.W.Williams. Ð Brick trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by fire. Ð Brick trowel. See Trowel. Ð Brick works, a place where bricks are made. Ð Bath brick. See under Bath, a city. Ð Pressed brick, bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks. Brick, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bricked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bricking.] 1. To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with bricks. 2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing them. To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick. Brick¶bat· (?), n. A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon. Brick¶kiln· (?), n. A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel for burning them. Brick¶lay·er (?), n. [Brick + lay.] One whose pccupation is to build with bricks. Bricklayer's itch. See under Itch. Brick¶lay·ing, n. The art of building with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks. Bric¶kle (?), a. [OE. brekil, brokel, bruchel, fr. AS. brecan, E. break. Cf. Brittle.] Brittle; easily broken. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser. As stubborn steel excels the brickle glass. Turbervile. Bric¶kleÏness, n. Brittleness. [Obs.] Brick¶mak·er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make bricks. Ð Brick¶makÏing, n. Brick¶work· (?), n. 1. Anything made of bricks. Niches in brickwork form the most difficult part of the bricklayer's art. Tomlinson. 2. The act of building with or laying bricks. Brick¶y (?), a. Full of bricks; formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust. [R.] Spenser. Brick¶yard· (?), n. A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place. ØBriÏcole¶ (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) A kind of traces with hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where horses can not be used. Brid (?), n. A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brid¶al (?), a. [From Bride. Cf. Bridal, n.] Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber. Brid¶al, n. [OE. bridale, brudale, AS. br?dealo brideale, bridal feast. See Bride, and Ale, 2.] A nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage. Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and sky. Herbert. Brid¶alÏty (?), n. Celebration of the nuptial feast. [Obs.] ½In honor of this bridalty.¸ B.Jonson. Bride (?), n. [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br?d; akin to OFries. breid, OSax. br?d, D. bruid, OHG. pr?t, br?t, G. braut, Icel. br??r, Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br33s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a married person.] 1. A woman newly married, or about to be married. Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the bride. Lyttleton. I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. Rev.xxi.9. 2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. Bride of the sea, the city of Venice. Bride, v.t. To make a bride of. [Obs.] Bride¶Ïale· (?), n. [See Bridal.] A rustic wedding feast; a bridal. See Ale. The man that 's bid to brideÐale, if he ha' cake, And drink enough, he need not fear his stake. B.Jonson. Bride¶bed· (?), n. The marriage bed. [Poetic] Bride¶cake· (?), n. Rich or highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding. Bride¶cham·ber (?), n. The nuptial appartment. Matt.ix.15. Bride¶groom· (?), n. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br?dguma (akin to OS. br?digumo, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr?tigomo, MHG. briutegome, G. br„utigam); AS. br?dÿbride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Icel. gumi, OHG. gomo, L. homo; the insertion of r being caused by confusion with groom. See Bride, and cf. Groom, Homage.] A man newly married, or just about to be married. Bride¶knot· (?), n. A knot of ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor. [Obs.] Bride¶maid· (?), n., Bride¶man (?), n. See Bridesmaid, Bridesman. Brides¶maid· (?), n. A female friend who attends on a bride at her wedding. Brides¶man (?), n.; pl. Bridesmen (?). A male friend who attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the ½best man.¸ Sir W.Scott. Bride¶stake· (?), n. A stake or post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to dance round. Divide the broad bridecake Round about the bridestake. B.Jonson. Bride¶well (?), n. A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; Ð so called from a hospital built in 1553 near St. Bride's (or Bridget's) well, in London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse. Bridge (?), n. [OE. brig, brigge, brug, brugge, AS. brycg, bricg; akin to Fries. bregge, D. brug, OHG. bruccu, G. brcke, Icel. bryggja pier, bridge, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and prob. Icel. br?ÿbridge, Sw. & Dan. broÿbridge, pavement, and possibly to E. brow.] 1. A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway from one bank to the other. 2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which something passes or is conveyed. 3. (Mus.) The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the instrument. 4. (Elec.) A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an electric circuit. 5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; Ð usually called a bridge wall. Aqueduct bridge. See Aqueduct. Ð Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge, Bateau bridge. See under Ass, Bascule, Bateau. Ð Bridge of a steamerÿ(Naut.), a narrow platform across the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes. Ð Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony part of the nose. Ð Cantalever bridge. See under Cantalever. Ð Draw bridge. See Drawbridge. Ð Flying bridge, a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank by the action of the current or other means. Ð Girder bridgeÿor Truss bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by trusses resting upon abutments or piers. Ð Lattice bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders. Ð Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge. See under Pontoon. Ð Skew bridge, a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes required in railway engineering. Ð Suspension bridge. See under Suspension. Ð Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of short, simple girders resting on trestles. Ð Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal. Ð Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; Ð invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.

<— p. 181 —>

Bridge (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bridged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bridging.] 1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river. Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which could not be forded. Palfrey. 2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge. Xerxes … over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined. Milton. 3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; Ð generally with over. Bridge¶board· (?), n. 1. (Arch.) A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened. 2. A board or plank used as a bridge. Bridge¶head· (?), n. A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tˆteÐdeÐpont. Bridge¶less, a. Having no bridge; not bridged. Bridge¶pot· (?), n. (Mining) The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle. Knight. Bridge¶tree· (?), n. [Bridge + tree a beam.] (Mining) The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a grinding mill. Knight. Bridge¶Ðward· (?), n. 1. Aÿbridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge. [Obs.] Sir W.Scott. 2. The principal ward of a key. Knight. Bridge¶ing (?), n. (Arch.) The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight. Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist. Bridge¶y (?), a. Full of bridges. [R.] Sherwood. Bri¶dle (?), n. [OE. bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG. britil, brittil, D. breidel, and possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.] 1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages. 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I.Watts. 3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc. 4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline. Ð Branches of a bridle. See under Branch. Ð Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above. Ð Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. Ð Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles. Ð Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. Ð Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit. Ð Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise. Ð Bridle track, a bridle path. Ð Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2. Syn. - A check; restrain. Bri¶dle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bridled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bridling (?).] 1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse. He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake. 2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison. Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke. Syn. - To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue. Bri¶dle, v.i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; Ð usually with up. ½His bridling neck.¸ Wordsworth. By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler. Bri¶dle i·ron (?). (Arch.) A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can be had; Ð called also stirrupÿand hanger. Bri¶dler (?), n. One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle. Milton. BriÏdoon¶ (?), n. [F. bridon, from bride; of German origin. See Bridle, n.] (Mil.) The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein. Campbell. Brief (?), a. [OE. bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L. brevis; akin to Gr. ? short, and perh. to Skr. barhÿto tear. Cf. Breve.] 1. Short in duration. How brief the life of man. Shak. 2. Concise; terse; succinct. The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B.Jonson. 3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.] In brief. See under Brief, n. Syn. - Short; concise; succinct; summary; compenduous; condensed; terse; curt; transistory; shortÐlived. Brief, adv. 1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic] Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton. 2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak. Brief (?), n. [See Brief, a., and cf. Breve.] 1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words. Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal. Shak. And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak. 2. An epitome. Each woman is a briefÿof womankind. Overbury. 3. (Law) An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument. It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief. Sir J.Stephen. µ In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs. 4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2. 5. (Scots Law) A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence. 6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose. [Eng.] Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated ½a die Nativitatis,¸ i.e., ½from the day of the Nativity,¸ and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See Bull. Ð Brief of title, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate. Ð In brief, in a few words; in short; briefly. ½Open the matter in brief.¸ Shak. Brief, v.t. To make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief pleadings. Brief¶less (?), a. Having no brief; without clients; as, a briefless barrister. Brief¶ly (?), adv. Concisely; in few words. Brief¶man (?), n. 1. One who makes a brief. 2. A copier of a manuscript. Brief¶ness (?), n. The quality of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or writing. Bri¶er, Bri¶ar (?), n. [OE. brere, brer, AS. brÇr, br‘r; cf. Ir. briar prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier, W. prys, prysg.] 1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax. 2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings. The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper. Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; Ð used for tobacco pipes. Ð Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S. rotundifolia, etc.) Ð Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier. Ð Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina. Bri¶ered (?), a. Set with briers. Chatterton. Bri¶erÏy (?), a. Full of briers; thorny. Bri¶erÏy, n. A place where briers grow. Huloet. Brig (?), n. A bridge. [Scot.] Burns. Brig, n. [Shortened from Brigantine.] (Naut.) A twoÐmasted, squareÐrigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a twoÐmasted vessel squareÐrigged forward and schoonerÐrigged aft. See Illustration in Appendix. BriÏgade¶ (?), n. [F. brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew, brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga trouble, quarrel. See Brigand.] 1. (Mil.) A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. µ Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'arm‚e. [U.S.] 2. Any body of persons organized for actingÿor marching together under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service. Ð Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties. BriÏgade¶, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brigaded; p.pr. & vb.n. Brigading.] (Mil.) To form into a brigade, or into brigades. Brig·aÏdier¶ gen¶erÏal (?). [F. brigadier, fr. brigade.] (Mil.) An officer in rank next above a colonel, and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a brigadier. Brig¶and (?), n. [F. brigand, OF. brigant lightÐarmed soldier, fr. LL. brigans lightÐarmed soldier (cf. It. brigante.) fr. brigare to strive, contend, fr. briga quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. break; cf. Goth. brikanÿto break, brakja strife. Cf. Brigue.] 1. A lightÐarmed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.] 2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter. Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery. Brig¶andÏage (?), n. [F. brigandage.] Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder. Brig¶anÏdine (?), n. [F. brigandine (cf. It. brigantina), fr. OF. brigant. See Brigand.] A coast of armor for the body, consistingÿof scales or plates, sometimes overlappingÿeach other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages. [Written also brigantine.] Jer.xlvi.4. Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet, And brigandine of brass. Milton. Brig¶andÏish (?), a. Like a brigand or freebooter; robberlike. Brig¶andÏism (?), n. Brigandage. Brig¶anÏtine (?), n. [F. brigantin, fr. It. brigantino, originally, a practical vessel. See Brigand, and cf. Brig] 1. A practical vessel. [Obs.] 2. A twoÐmasted, squareÐrigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail. 3. See Brigandine. Brig¶ge (?), n. A bridge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bright (?), v.i. See Brite, v.i. Bright (?), a. [OE. briht, AS. beorht, briht; akin to OS. berht, OHG. beraht, Icel. bjartr, Goth. ba¡rhts. û94.] 1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow. The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake. The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay. 2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson. 3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as, bright beauty. Bright as an angel newÐdropped from the sky. Parnell. 4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent. 5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. 6. Illustrious; glorious. In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton. 7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain. That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on. I.Watts. 8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance. Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope. µ Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as, brightÐeyed, brightÐhaired, brightÐhued. Syn. - Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny. Bright, n. Splendor; brightness. [Poetic] Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton. Bright, adv. Brightly. Chaucer. I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak. Bright¶en, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brightened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brightening.] From Bright, a.] 1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to. 2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to. The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people. Swift. 3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; as, to brighten one's prospects. An ecstasy, which mothers only feel, Plays round my heart and brightens all my sorrow. Philips. 4. To make acute or witty; to enliven. Johnson. Bright¶en, v.i. [AS. beorhtan.] To grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or cheerful. And night shall brighten into day. N.Cotton. And, all his prospects brightening to the last, His heaven commences ere world be past. Goldsmith. Bright¶Ðhar·nessed (?), a. Having glittering armor. [Poetic] Milton. Bright¶ly, adv. 1. Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining armor. 2. With lively intelligence; intelligently. Looking brightly into the mother's face. Hawthorne. Bright¶ness, n. [AS. beorhines. See Bright.] 1. The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster; brilliancy; clearness. A sudden brightness in his face appear. Crabbe. 2. Acutenessÿ(of the faculties); sharpness 9wit. The brightness of his parts … distinguished him. Prior. Syn. - Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness. Bright's¶ disÏease¶ (?). [From Dr. Bright of London, who first described it.] (Med.) An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process. Bright¶some (?), a. Bright; clear; luminous; brilliant. [R.] Marlowe. BriÏgose¶ (?), a. [LL. brigosus, It. brigoso. See Brigue, n.] Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Puller. Brigue (?), n. [F. brigue, fr. LL. briga quarrel. See Brigand.] A cabal, intrigue, faction, contention, strife, or quarrel. [Obs.] Chesterfield. Brigue, v.i. [F. briguer. See Brigue, n.] To contend for; to canvass; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Hurd. Brike (?), n. [AS. brice.] A breach; ruin; downfall; peril. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brill (?), n. [Cf. Corn. brilli mackerel, fr. brith streaked, speckled.] (Zo”l.) A fish allied to the turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in England for food; Ð called also bret, pearl, prill. See Bret. ØBrilÏlan¶te (?), adv. [It. See Brilliant, a.] (Mus.) In a gay, showy, and sparkling style. Bril¶lance (?), n. Brilliancy. Tennyson. Bril¶lanÏcy (?), n. [See Brilliant.] The quality of being brilliant; splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or figurative sense. With many readers brilliancy of style passes for affluence of thought. Longfellow.

<— p. 182 —>

Bril¶liant (?), a. [F. brillant, p.pr. of brillerÿto shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. brillar, It. brillare), fr. L. beryllus a precious stone of seaÐgreen color, Prov. It. brill. See Beryl.] 1. Sparklingÿwith luster; glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant star. 2. Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended; shining; as, brilliant talents. Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to perform brilliant exploits. Fisher Ames. Syn. - See Shining. Bril¶liant, n. [F. brillant. See Brilliant, a.] 1. A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal face, called the table, which is surrounded by a number of sloping facets forming a bizet; below, it has a small face or collet, parallel to the table, connected with the gridle by a pavilion of elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the rose diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat below. This snuffbox Ð on the hinge see brilliants shine. Pope. 2. (Print.) The small size of type used in England printing. µ This line is printed in the type called Brilliant. ?? 3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving. Bril¶liantÏly, adv. In a brilliant manner. Bril¶liantÏness, n. Brilliancy; splendor; glitter. Brills (?), n. pl. [CF. G. brille spectacles, D. bril, fr. L. berillus. See Brilliant.] The hair on the eyelids of a horse. Bailey. Brim (?), n. [OE. brim, brimme, AS. brymme edge, border; akin to Icel. barmr, Sw. br„m, Dan. br‘mme, G. brame, br„me. Possibly the same word as AS. brim surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. fremere to roar, murmur. Cf. Breeze a fly.] 1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything. Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an anxious pity. Coleridge. 2. The edgeÿor margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border. The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of the water. Josh.iii.15. 3. The rim of a hat. Wordsworth. Brim, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brimmed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brimming.] To be full to the brim. ½The brimming stream.¸ Milton. To brim over (literally or figuratively), to be so full that some of the contents flows over the brim; as, cup brimming overÿwith wine; a man brimming over with fun. Brim, v.t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. Arrange the board and brim the glass. Tennyson. Brim, a. Fierce; sharp; cold. See Breme. [Obs.] Brim¶ful (?), a. Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow. ½Her brimful eyes.¸ Dryden. Brim¶less, a. Having no brim; as, brimless caps. Brimmed (?), a. 1. Having a brim; Ð usually in composition. ½BroadÐbrimmed hat.¸ Spectator. 2. Full to, or level with, the brim. Milton. Brim¶mer (?), n. A brimful bowl; a bumper. Brim¶ming, a. Full to the brim; overflowing. Brim¶stone (?), n. [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf. Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v.t., and Stone.] Sulphur; See Sulphur. Brim¶stone, a. Made of, or pertaining to, brimstone; as, brimstone matches. From his brimstone bed at break of day AÐwalking the devil has gone. Coleridge. Brim¶sto·ny (?), a. Containing or resembling brimstone; sulphurous. B.Jonson. Brin (?), n. [F.] One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are larger and longer, and are called panaches. Knight. Brin¶ded (?), a. [Cf. Icel. br”ndÓttr brindled, fr. brandr brand; and OE. bernen, brinnen, to burn. See Brand, Burn.] Of a gray or tawny color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled. ½Three brinded cows,¸ Dryden. ½The brinded cat.¸ Shak. Brin¶dle (?), n. [See Brindled.] 1. The state of being brindled. 2. A brindled color; also, that which is brindled. Brin¶dle, a. Brindled. Brin¶dled (?), a. [A dim. form of brinded.] Having dark streaks or spots on a gray or tawny ground; brinded. ½With a brindled lion played.¸ Churchill. Brine (?), n. [AS. bryne a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr. brinnan, brynnan, to burn. See Burn.] 1. Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor resultingÿfrom the evaporation of natural or artificial waters. 2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake. Not long beneath the whelming brine … he lay. Cowper. 3. Tears; Ð so called from their saltness. What a deal of brine Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for Rosaline! Shak. Brine flyÿ(Zo”l.), a fly of the genus Ephydra, the larv‘ of which live in artificial brines and in salt lakes. Ð Brine gauge, an instrument for measuring the saltnessÿof a liquid. Ð Brine pan, a pit or pan of salt water, where salt is formed by cristallization. Ð Brine pit, a salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt. Ð Brine pump (Marine Engin.), a pump for changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the brine which collects at the bottom. Ð Brine shrimp, Brine wormÿ(Zo”l.), a phyllopod crustacean of the genus Artemia, inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt lakes. See Artemia. Ð Brine spring, a spring of salt water. Ð Leach brine (Saltmaking), brineÿwhich drops from granulated salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again. Brine (?), v.t. 1. To steep or saturate in brine. 2. To sprinkle with salt or brine; as, to brine hay. Bring (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brought (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bringing.] [OE. bringen, AS. bringan; akin to OS. brengian, D. brengen, Fries. brenga, OHG. bringan, G. bringen, Goth. briggan.] 1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch. And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread. 1 Kings xvii.11. To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back. Shak. 2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to. There is nothing will bring you more honor … than to do what right in justice you may. Bacon. 3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct. In distillation, the water … brings over with it some part of the oil of vitriol. Sir I.Newton. 4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide. It seems so preposterous a thing … that they do not easily bring themselves to it. Locke. The nature of the things … would not suffer him to think otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on them. Locke. 5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal bring per ton? To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish. Ð To bring back. (a) To recall. (b) To restore, as something borrowed, to its owner. Ð To bring by the lee (Naut.), to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose her to danger of upsetting. Ð To bringÿdown. (a) To cause to come down. (b) To humble or abase; as, to bring down high looks. Ð To bring down the house, to cause tremendous applause. [Colloq.] Ð To bring forth. (a) To produce, as young fruit. (b) To bring to light; to make manifest. Ð To bring forward (a) To exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view. (b) To hasten; to promote; to forward. (c) To propose; to adduce; as, to bring forward arguments. Ð Toÿbring home. (a) To bring to one's house. (b) To prove conclusively; as, to bring home a charge of treason. (c) To cause one to feel or appreciate by personal experience. (d) (Naut.) To lift of its place, as an anchor. Ð To bring in. (a) To fetch from without; to import. (b) To introduce, as a bill in a deliberative assembly. (c) To return or repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render; as, to bring in a verdict or a report. (d) To take to an appointed place of deposit or collection; as, to bring in provisions or money for a specified object. (e) To produce, as income. (f) To induce to join. Ð To bring off, to bear or convey away; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape. Ð To bring on. (a) To cause to begin. (b) To originate or cause to exist; as, to bring on a disease. Ð Toÿbring one on one's way, to accompany, guide, or attend one. Ð Toÿbring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment. Ð To bring over. (a) To fetch or bear across. (b) To convert by persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an opinion. Ð Toÿbring to. (a) To resuscitate; to bring back to consciousnessÿor life, as a fainting person. (b) (Naut.) To check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she is then said to lie to). (c) To cause (a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course. (d) To apply a rope to the capstan. Ð To bring to light, to disclose; to discover; to make clear; to reveal. Ð To bring a sail to (Naut.), to bend it to the yard. Ð Toÿbring to pass, to accomplish to effect. ½Trust also in Him; and He shall bring it to pass.¸ Ps. xxxvii.5. Ð Toÿbring under, to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience. Ð Toÿbring up. (a) To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate. (b) To cause to stop suddenly. (c) [v.i. by dropping the reflexive pronoun] To stop suddenly; to come to a standstill. [Colloq.] Ð To bring up (any one) with a round turn, to cause (any one) to stop abruptly. [Colloq.] Ð Toÿbe brought to bed. See under Bed. Syn. - To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import; procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce. Bring¶er (?), n. One who brings. Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news Hath but a losing office. Shak. Bringer in, one who, or that which, introduces. Brin¶iÏness (?), n. The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness. Brin¶ish (?), a. Like brine; somewhat salt; saltish. ½Brinish tears.¸ Shak. Brin¶ishÏness, n. State or quality of being brinish. ØBrin¶jaÏree· (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A roughÐhaired East Indian variety of the greyhound. Brink (?), n. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.] The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. ½The brink of vice.¸ Bp. Porteus. ½The brink of ruin.¸ Burke. The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant. Brin¶y (?), a. [From Brine.] Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. Bri¶oÏny (?), n. See Bryony. Tennyson. Brisk (?), a. [Cf. W. brysg, fr. brys haste, Gael. briosg quick, lively, Ir. broisg a start, leap, jerk.] 1. Full of livelinessÿand activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively; spirited; quick. Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile. Shak. Brick toil alternating with ready ease. Wordworth. 2. Full of spirit of life; effervesc?ng, as liquors; sparkling; as, brick cider. Syn. - Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated. Brisk (?), v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Bricked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bricking.] To make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; Ð usually with up. Bris¶ket (?), n. [OE. bruskette, OF. bruschet, F. br‚chet, brichet; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. bryscedÿthe breast of a slain animal, brisket, Corn. vrys breast, Armor. brusk, bruched, the front of the chest, Gael. brisgein the cartilaginous part of a bone.] That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest. [See Illust. of Beef.] Brisk¶ly (?), adv. In a brisk manner; nimbly. Brisk¶ness, n. Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence. Bris¶tle (?), n. [OE. bristel, brustel, AS. bristl, byrst; akin to D. borstel, OHG. burst, G. borste, Icel. burst, Sw. borst, and to Skr. bh?shti edge, point, and prob, L. fastigium extremity, Gr. ? stern of a ship, and E. brush, burr, perh. to brad. û96.] 1. A short, stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine. 2. (Bot.) A stiff, sharp, roundish hair. Gray. Bris¶tle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bristled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bristling (?).] 1. To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up, as the bristles of an angry hog; Ð sometimes with up. Now for the bareÐpicked bone of majesty Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest. Shak. Boy, bristle thy courage up. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle to; as, to bristle a thread. Bris¶tle, v.i. 1. To rise or stand erect, like bristles. His hair did bristle upon his head. Sir W.Scott. 2. To appear as if covered with bristles; to have standing, thick and erect, like bristles. The hill of L? Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets. Thackeray. Ports bristling with thousands of masts. Macaulay. 3. To show deflance or indignation. To bristle up, to show anger or deflance. Bris¶tleÐpoint·ed (?), a. (Bot.) Terminating in a very fine, sharp point, as some leaves. Bris¶tleÐshaped· (?), a. Resembling a bristle in form; as, a bristleÐshaped leaf. Bris¶tleÐtail· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the Thysanura. Bris¶tliÏness (?), n. The quality or state of having bristles. Bris¶tly (?), a. THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough. The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon. Bris¶tol (?), n. A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. Ð Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; Ð originally manufactured at Bristol. Ð Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond. BriÏsure¶ (?), n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction. 2. (Her.) A mark of cadency or difference. Brit, Britt (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed. BriÏtan¶niÏa (?), n. [From L. Britannia Great Britain.] A whiteÐmetal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also Britannia metal. BriÏtan¶nic (?), a. [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic Majesty. Brite, Bright (?), v.t. To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.] Brit¶iÏcism (?), n. A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain. Brit¶ish (?), a. [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; Ð sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants. British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600ø Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. Ð British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. Ð British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain. Brit¶ish, n. pl. People of Great Britain. Brit¶ishÏer, n. An Englishman; a subjectÿor inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely] Brit¶on (?), a. [AS. bryten Britain.] British. [Obs.] Spenser.Ð n. A native of Great Britain. Brit¶tle (?), a. [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr. bre¢tanÿto break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf. Brickle.] Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious<— contrast to flexible; usually hard —>. Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fineÐcut crystal. Cotton. Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite. Brit¶tleÏly, adv. In a brittle manner. Sherwood. Brit¶tleÏness, n. Aptness to break; fragility.

<— p. 183 —>

Brit¶tle star· (?). Any speciesÿof ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea. Britz¶ska (?), n. [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka freight wagon.] A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for recliningÿat night, when used on a journey. Brize (?), n. The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak. Broach (?), n. [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL. brocca; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.] 1. A spit. [Obs.] He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon. 2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby. 3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift. 4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for stonecutting. 5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.] 6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch. 7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag. 8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight. 9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key. Broach, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broached (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broaching.] [F. brocher, fr. broche. See Broach, n.] 1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit. I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak. 2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood. Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak. 3. To open for the first time, as stores. You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores. Knolles. 4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation. Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift. 5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak. 6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.] 7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach. To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting. Broach¶er (?), n. 1. A spit; a broach. On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden. 2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter. Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury. Broad (?), a. [Compar. Broader (?); superl. Broadest.] [OE. brod, brad, AS. br¾d; akin to OS. brÇd, D. breed, G. breit, Icel. brei?r, Sw. & Dan. bred, Goth. braids. Cf. Breadth.] 1. Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; Ð opposed to narrow; as, a broad street, a broad table; an inch broad. 2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as, the broad expanse of ocean. 3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full. ½Broad and open day.¸ Bp. Porteus. 4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited; not restrained; Ð applied to any subject, and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on the substantive. A broad mixture of falsehood. Locke. Hence: Ð 5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged. The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case. D.Daggett. In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way. E.Everett. 6. Plain; evident; as, a broad hint. 7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined. As broad and general as the casing air. Shak. 8. (Fine Arts) Characterized by breadth. See Breadth. 9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a broad compliment; a broad joke; broad humor. 10. Strongly marked; as, a broad Scotch accent. µ Broad is often used in compounds to signify wide, large, etc.; as, broadÐchested, broadÐshouldered, broadÐspreading, broadÐwinged. Broad acres. See under Acre. Ð Broad arrow, originally a pheon. See Pheon, and Broad arrow under Arrow. Ð As broad as long, having the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different ways or processes. It is as broad as long, whether they rise to others, or bring others down to them. L'Estrange. Ð Broad pennant. See under Pennant. Syn. - Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal. Broad, n. 1. The broad part of anything; as, the broad of an oar. 2. The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a flooded fen. [Local, Eng.] Southey. 3. A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of cylinders. Knight. Broad¶ax· Broad¶axe· } (?), n. 1. An ancient military weapon; a battleÐax. 2. An ax with a broad edge, for hewingÿtimber. Broad¶bill· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) A wild duck (Aythya, or Fuligula, marila), which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in auntum; Ð called also bluebill, blackhead, raft duck, and scaup duck. See Scaup duck. 2. (Zo”l.) The shoveler. See Shoveler. Broad¶brim· (?), n. 1. A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends. 2. A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker. [Sportive] Broad¶Ðbrimmed· (?), a. Having a broad brim. A broadÐbrimmed flat silver plate. Tatler. Broad¶cast· (?), n. (Agric.) A casting or throwing seed in all directions, as from the hand in sowing. Broad¶cast·, a. 1. Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing; widely diffused. 2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); Ð opposed to planting in hills, or rows. Broad¶cast·, adv. So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the press. Broad¶ Church· (?). (Eccl.) A portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship, intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship. Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church, another party of a different character has always existed in the Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate, Catholic, or Broad Church, by its friends; Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are charity and toleration. Conybeare. Broad¶cloth (?), n. A fine smoothÐfaced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double width (i.e., a yard and a half); Ð so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide. Broad¶en (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broadened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broadening (?).] [From Broad, a.] To grow broad; to become broader or wider. The broadening sun appears. Wordsworth. Broad¶en, v.t. To make broad or broader; to render more broad or comprehensive. Broad¶ gauge· (?). (Railroad) A wider distance between the rails than the ½standard¸ gauge of four feet eight inches and a half. See Gauge. Broad¶Ðhorned· (?), a. Having horns spreading widely. Broad¶ish, a. Rather broad; moderately broad. Broad¶leaf· (?), n. (Bot.) A tree (Terminalia latifolia) of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling, shingles, etc; Ð sometimes called the almond tree, from the shape of its fruit. Broad¶Ðleaved· (?), Broad¶Ðleafed· (?), a. Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves. Keats. Broad¶ly, adv. In a broad manner. Broad¶mouth· (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Eurylaimid‘, a family of East Indian passerine birds. Broad¶ness, n. [AS. br¾dnes.] The conditionÿor quality of being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness. Broad¶piece· (?), n. An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or Jacobus. Broad¶ seal· (?). The great seal of England; the public seal of a country or state. Broad¶seal·, v.t. To stamp with the broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or warrant. [Obs.] Thy presence broadseals our delights for pure. B.Jonson. Broad¶side· (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The side of a ship aboveÿthe water line, from the bow to the quarter. 2. A discharge of or from all the guns on one side of a ship, at the same time. 3. A volley of abuse or denunciation. [Colloq.] 4. (Print.) A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only; Ð called also broadsheet. Broad¶spread· (?), a. Widespread. Broad¶spread·ing, a. Spreading widely. Broad¶sword· (?), n. A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore. I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W.Scott. Broad¶wise· (?), adv. Breadthwise. [Archaic] Brob (?), n. [Cf. Gael. brog, E. brog, n.] (Carp.) A peculiar bradÐshaped spike, to be driven alongside the end of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping. Brob·dingÏnag¶iÏan (?), a. [From Brobdingnag, a country of giants in ½Gulliver's Travels.¸] Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic. Ð n. A giant. [Spelt often Brobdignagian.] BroÏcade¶ (?), n. [Sp. brocado (cf. It. broccato, F. brocart), fr. LL. brocare *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See Broach.] Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; Ð also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched. A gala suit of faded brocade. W.Irving. BroÏcad¶ed (?), a. 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised flowers, etc. Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine. Gay. 2. Dressed in brocade. Bro¶cage (?), n. See Brokkerage. Broc¶ard (?), n. [Perh. fr. Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French, Brocard.] An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or metaphysics. The legal brocard, ½Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus,¸ is a rule not more applicable to other witness than to consciousness. Sir W.Hamilton. Bro¶caÏtel (?), n. [F. brocatelle, fr. It. brocatello: cf. Sp. brocatel. See Brocade.] 1. A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc. 2. A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray, yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also called Siena marble, from its locality. Bro·caÏtel¶lo (?), n. Same as Brocatel. Broc¶coÏli (?), n. [It. broccoli, pl. of broccolo sprout, cabbage sprout, dim. of brocco splinter. See Broach, n.] (Bot.) A plant of the Cabbage species (Brassica oleracea) of many varieties, resembling the cauliflower. The ½curd,¸ or flowering head, is the part used for food. Broch¶anÏtite (?), n. [From Brochant de Villiers, a French mineralogist.] (Min.) A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in emeraldÐgreen crystals. ØBro·ch‚¶ (?), a. [F.] Woven with a figure; as, broch‚ goods. ØBroche (?), n. [F.] See Broach, n. ØBroÏchure¶ (?), n. [F., fr. brocher to stitch. See Broach, v.t.] A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet. Brock (?), n. [AS. broc, fr. W. broch; akin to Ir. & Gael. broc, Corn. & Armor. broch; cf. Ir. & Gael. breac speckled.] (Zo”l.) A badger. Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock. B.Jonson. Brock, n. [See Brocket.] (Zo”l.) A brocket. Bailey. Brock¶er (?), n. [OE. broket, F. broquart fallow deer a year old, fr. the same root as E. broach, meaning point (hence tine of a horn).] 1. (Zo”l.) A male red deer two years old; Ð sometimes called brock. 2. (Zo”l.) A small South American deer, of several species (Coassus superciliaris, C. rufus, and C. auritus). Brock¶ish, a. Beastly; brutal. [Obs.] Bale. Brode¶kin (?), n. [F. brodequin, OE. brossequin, fr. OD. broseken, brosekin, dim. of broos buskin, prob. fr. LL. byrsa leather, Gr. ? skin, hide. Cf. Buskin.] A buskin or halfÐboot. [Written also brodequin.] [Obs.] Brog (?), n. [Gael. Cf. Brob.] A pointed instrument, as a joiner's awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick. Brog, v.t. To prod with a pointed instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle. [Scot. & Prov.] Sir W.Scott. Bro¶gan (?), n. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue. Brog¶gle (?), v.i. [Dim. of Prov. E. brog to broggle. Cf. Brog, n.] To sniggle, or fish with a brog. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Brogue (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. brog shoe, hoof.] 1. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan. µ In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume. Clouted brogues, patched brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v.t. 2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing English. Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue. Lloyd. Brogues (?), n. pl. [Cf. Breeches.] Breeches. [Obs.] Shenstone. Broid (?), v.t. To braid. [Obs.] Chaucer. Broid¶er (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broidered (?).] [OE. broiden, brouden, F. broder, confused with E. braid; F. broder is either the same word as border to border (see Border), or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. W. brathu to sting, stab, Ir. & Gael. brod goad, prickle, OE. brod a goad; and also Icel. broddr a spike, a sting, AS. brord a point.] To embroider. [Archaic] They shall make a broidered coat. Ex.xxviii.4. Broid¶erÏer (?), n. One who embroiders. [Archaic] Broid¶erÏy (?), n. Embroidery. [Archaic] The golden broidery tender Milkah wove. Tickell. Broil (?), n. [F. brouiller to disorder, from LL. brogilus, broilus, brolium, thicket, wood, park; of uncertain origin; cf. W. brog a swelling out, OHG. prÓil marsh, G. brhl, MHG. brogen to rise. The meaning tumult, confusion, comes apparently from tangled undergrowth, thicket, and this possibly from the meaning to grow, rise, sprout.] A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state. I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please. Burke. Syn. - Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar. Broil, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broiled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broiling.] [OE. broilen, OF. bruillir, fr. bruirÿto broil, burn; of Ger. origin; cf. MHG. brejen, G. brhen, to scald, akin to E. brood.] 1. To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over coals. 2. To subject to great (commonly direct) heat. Broil, v.i. To be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat. The planets and comets had been broiling in the sun. Cheyne. Broil¶er (?), n. One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy quarrels. What doth he but turn broiler, … make new libels against the church? Hammond. Broil¶er, n. 1. One who broils, or cooks by broiling. 2. A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling. 3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling. [Colloq.] Broil¶ing, a. Excessively hot; as, a broiling sun. Ð n. The act of causing anything to broil. Bro¶kage (?), n. See Brokerage. Broke (?), v.i. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.] 1. To transact business for another. [R.] Brome. 2. To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp. [Obs.] We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between them, Cupid said. Fanshawe. And brokes with all that can in such a suit Corrupt the tender honor of a maid. Shak.

<— p. 184 —>

Broke (?), imp. p.p. of Break. Bro¶ken (?), a. [From Break, v.t.] 1. Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a broken dish. 2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; as, a broken surface. 3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; as, a broken reed; broken friendship. 4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships. The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was broken. G.Eliot. The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay, Sat by his fire, and talked the night away. Goldsmith. 5. Subdued; humbled; contrite. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps.li.17. 6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse. 7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted. ½Her broken love and life.¸ G.Eliot. 8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; as, a broken promise, vow, or contract; a broken law. 9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman. 10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as, broken English; imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; as, to say a few broken words at parting. Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those grave senators. Macaulay. Broken ground. (a) (Mil.) Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently opened with the plow. Ð Broken line (Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of given points taken in some specified order. Ð Broken meat, fragments of meat or other food. Ð Broken number, a fraction. Ð Broken weather, unsettled weather. Bro¶kenÐbacked· (?), a. 1. Having a broken back; as, a brokenÐbacked chair. 2. (Naut.) Hogged; so weakened in the frame as to droop at each end; Ð said of a ship. Totten. Bro¶kenÐbel·lied (?), a. Having a ruptured belly. [R.] Bro¶kenÐheart·ed (?), a. Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair. She left her husband almost brokenÐhearted. Macaulay. Syn. - Disconsolable; heartÐbroken; inconsolable; comfortless; woeÐbegone; forlorn. Bro¶kenÏly, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken language. The pagans worship God … as it were brokenly and by piecemeal. Cudworth. Bro¶kenÏness, n. 1. The state or quality of being broken; unevenness. Macaulay. 2. Contrition; as, brokenness of heart. Bro¶ken wind· (?). (Far.) The heaves. Bro¶kenÐwind·ed, a. (Far.) Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse. Bro¶ker (?), n. [OE. brocour, from a word akin to broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS. br?canÿto use, enjoy; cf. Fries. broker, F. brocanteur. See Brook, v.t.] 1. One who transacts business for another; an agent. 2. (Law) An agent employed to effect bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between other persons, for a compensation commonly called brokerage. He takes no possession, as broker, of the subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the names of those who employ him, and not in his own. Story. 3. A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange, etc. 4. A dealer in secondhand goods. [Eng.] 5. A pimp or procurer. [Obs.] Shak. Bill broker, one who buys and sells notes and bills of exchange. Ð Curbstone broker or Street broker, an operator in stocks (not a member of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office to office, or by transactions on the street. [U.S.] Ð Exchange broker, one who buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating to money. Ð Insurance broker, one who is agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire. Ð Pawn broker. See Pawnbroker. Ð Real estate broker, one who buys and sells lands, and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage. Ð Ship broker, one who acts as agent in buying and selling ships, procuring freight, etc. Ð Stock broker. See Stockbroker. Bro¶kerÏage (?), n. 1. The businessÿor employment of a broker. Burke. 2. The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed for transacting business as a broker. Bro¶kerÏly, a. Mean; servile. [Obs.] B.Jonson. Bro¶kerÏy (?), n. The businessÿof a broker. [Obs.] And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting, And tricks belonging unto brokery. Marlowe. Bro¶king (?), a. Of or pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage. [Obs.] Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown. Shak. Bro¶ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? food, ? to eat.] 1. (Med.) Aliment; food. Dunglison. 2. A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or the drink made from it. Bro¶mal (?), n. [Bromine + aldehyde.] (Chem.) An oily, colorless fluid, CBr?.COH, related to bromoform, as chloral is to chloroform, and obtained by the action of bromine on alcohol. Bro¶mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of bromic acid. Bro¶mate (?), v.t. (Med.) To combine or impregnate with bromine; as, bromated camphor. Bro·maÏtol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in the scienceÿof foods. Bro·maÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, food + Ïlogy.] The science of aliments. Dunglison. ØBrome (?), n. [F.] (Chem.) See Bromine. Brome¶ grass· (?). [L. bromos a kind of oats, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A genus (Bromus) of grasses, one speciesÿof which is the chess or cheat. BroÏme·liÏa¶ceous (?), a. [Named after Olaf Bromel, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or saxicolous plants of which the genera Tillandsia and Billbergia are examples. The pineapple, though terrestrial, is also of this family. Bro¶mic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; Ð said of those compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, bromic acid. Bro¶mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compoundÿof bromine with a positive radical. Bro¶miÏnate (?), v.t. See Bromate, v.t. Bro¶mine (?), n. [Gr. ? bad smell, stink. Cf. Brome.] (Chem.) One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite. Bro¶mism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased conditionÿproduced by the excessive use of bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental dullnessÿand muscular weakness. Bro¶mize (?), v.t. (Photog.) To prepare or treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered plate. Brom¶life (?), n. [From Bromley Hill, near Alston, Cumberland, England.] (Min.) A carbonate of baryta and lime, intermediate between witherite and strontianite; Ð called also alstonite. Bro¶moÏform (?), n. [Bromine + formyl.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, CHBr?, having an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects. Watts. BromÏpi¶crin (?), n. [G. brompikrin; brom bromine + pikrins„ure picric acid.] (Chem.) A pungent colorless explosive liquid, CNO?Br?, analogous to and resembling chlorpicrin. [Spelt also brompikrin.] Brom¶uÏret (?), n. See Bromide. [Obs.] Brom¶yÏrite (?), n. [Bromine + Gr. ? silver.] (Min.) Silver bromide, a rare mineral; Ð called also bromargyrite. ØBron¶chi (?), n. pl. (Anat.) See Bronchus. ØBron¶chiÏa (?), n. pl. [L. , pl. Cf. Bronchus.] (Anat.) The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi. Dunglison. Bron¶chiÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. bronchial. See Bronchia.] (Anat.) Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs. Bronchial arteries, branchÿof the descending aorta, accompanying the bronchia in all their ramifications. Ð Bronchial cells, the air cells terminating the bronchia. Ð Bronchial glands, glands whose functions are unknown, seated along the bronchia. Ð Bronchial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the bronchia. Ð Bronchial tube, the bronchi, or the bronchia. Bron¶chic (?), a. (Anat.) Bronchial. Bron¶chiÏole (?), n. (Anat.) A minute bronchial tube. BronÏchit¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to bronchitis; as, bronchitic inflammation. BronÏchi¶tis (?), n. [Bronchus + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the bronchial tubes or any part of them. Bron¶cho (?), n. [Sp. bronco rough, wild.] A native or a Mexican horse of small size. [Western U.S.] Bron¶choÏcele (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? windpipe + ? tumor.] (Med.) See Goiter. BronÏchoph¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? windpipe + ? sound.] A modification of the voice sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; Ð observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of introÐthroacic disease. Bron·choÐpneuÏmo¶niÏa (?), n. [Bronchus + pneumonia.] (Med.) Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia. Bron¶choÏtome (?), n. [Gr. ? windpipe + ? to cut.] (Surg.) An instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes. BronÏchot¶oÏmy (?), n. (Surg.) An incision into the windpipe or larynx, including the operations of tracheotomy and laryngotomy. ØBron¶chus (?), n.; pl. Bronchi (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? windpipe. Cf. Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of the two primary divisions. Bron¶co (?), n. Same as Broncho. Brond (?), n. [See Brand.] A sword. [Obs.] Bron¶toÏlite (?), Bron¶toÏlith (?), } n. [Gr. ? + Ïlite, Ïlith.] An a‰rolite. [R.] BronÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? thunder + Ïlogy.] A treatise upon thunder. ØBron·toÏsau¶rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these reptiles. ØBron·toÏthe¶riÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? beast.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct mammals from the moicene strata of western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were fourÐtoed. See Illustration in Appendix. ØBron·toÏzo¶um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? animal.] (Paleon.) An extinct animal of large size, known from its threeÐtoed footprints in Mesozoic sandstone. µ The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen inches in length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds; but the discovery of large bipedal threeÐtoed dinosaurs has suggested that they were made by those reptiles. Bronze (?), n. [F. bronze, fr. It. bronzo brown, fr. OHG. br?n, G. braun. See Brown, a.] 1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal. 2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze. A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior. 3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze. 4. Boldness; impudence; ½brass.¸ Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope. Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium. Ð Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. Ð Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. Ð Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity. Bronze, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bronzed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bronzing.] [Cf. F. bronzer. See Bronze, n.] 1. To give an appearance of bronzeto, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals. The tall bronzed blackÐeyed stranger. W.Black. 2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forefead. Sir W.Scott. Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease. Bronze¶wing· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An Australian pigeon of the genus Phaps, of several species; Ð so called from its bronze plumage. Bronz¶ine (?), n. A metal so prepared as to have the appearance of bronze. Ð a. Made of bron?ine; resembling bronze; bronzelike. Bronz¶ing, n. 1. The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative painting, or by chemical processes. Tomlinson. 2. A material for bronzing. Bronz¶ist, n. One who makes, imitates, collects, or deals in, bronzes. Bronz¶ite (?), n. [Cf. F. bronzite.] (Min.) A variety of enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family. Bronz¶y (?), a. Like bronze. Brooch (?), n. [See Broach, n.] 1. An ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat. Honor 's a good brooch to wear a man's hat. B.Jonson. 2. (Paint.) A painting all of one color, as a sepia painting, or an India painting. Brooch, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brooched (?).] To adorn as with a brooch. [R.] Brood (?), n. [OE. brod, AS. brÓd; akin to D. broed, OHG. bruot, G. brut, and also to G. brhe broth, MHG. breje, and perh. to E. brawn, breath. Cf. Breed, v.t.] 1. The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a brood of chicken. As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings. Luke xiii.34. A hen followed by a brood of ducks. Spectator. 2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; as, a woman with a brood of children. The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood. Wordsworth. 3. That which is bred or produced; breed; species. Flocks of the airy brood, (Cranes, geese or longÐnecked swans). Chapman. 4. (Mining) Heavy waste in tin and copper ores. To sit on brood, to ponder. [Poetic] Shak. Brood, a. 1. Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs. 2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood mare; brood stock; having young; as, a brood sow. Brood (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brooded (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brooding.] 1. To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit quitely, as if brooding. Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave. Milton. 2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious thought; Ð usually followed by over or on; as, to brood over misfortunes. Brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden. Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has evoked a spirit. Hawthorne. When with downcast eyes we muse and brood. Tennyson.

<— p. 185 —>

Brood (?), v.t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens. 2. To cherish with care. [R.] 3. To think anxiously or moodily upon. You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. Dryden. Brood¶y (?), a. Inclined to brood. Ray. Brook (?), n. [OE. brok, broke, brook, AS. brÓc; akin to D. broek, LG. brÓk, marshy ground, OHG. pruoh, G. bruch marsh; prob. fr. the root of E. break, so as that it signifies water breaking through the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See Break, v.t.] A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek. The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water. Deut.viii.7. Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters. Shak. Brook, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brooked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brooking.] [OE. broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, digest, AS. br?can; akin to D. gebruiken to use, OHG. pr?hhan, G. brauchen, gebrauchen, Icel. br?ka, Goth. br?kjan, and L. frui, to enjoy. Cf. Fruit, Broker.] 1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can not brook restraint. Spenser. Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten? Macaulay. 3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J.Hawkins. Brook¶ite (?), n. [Named from the English mineralogist, H.J.Brooke.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. Brook¶let (?), n. A small brook. Brook¶lime· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Veronica Beccabunga), with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American species is V. Americana. [Formerly written broklempe or broklympe.] Brook¶ mint· (?). (Bot.) See Water mint. Brook¶side· (?), n. The bank of a brook. Brook¶weed· (?), n. (Bot.) A small whiteÐflowered herb (Samolus Valerandi) found usually in wet places; water pimpernel. Broom (?), n. [OE. brom, brome, AS. brÓm; akin to LG. bram, D. brem, OHG. br¾mo broom, thorn?bush, G. brombeere blackberry. Cf. Bramble, n.] 1. (Bot.) A plant having twigs suitable for makingÿbrooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers. No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth. 2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; Ð so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; Ð called also knee holly. See Cladophyll. Ð Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket. Ð Spanish broom. See under Spanish. Broom, v.t. (Naut.) See Bream. Broom¶ corn· (?). (Bot.) A variety of Sorghum vulgare, having a joined stem, like maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are made. Broom¶ rape· (?). (Bot.) A genus (Orobanche) of parasitic plants of Europe and Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as Aphyllon uniflorumand A. Ludovicianum. Broom¶staff· (?), n. A broomstick. [Obs.] Shak. Broom¶stick· (?), n. A stick used as a handle of a broom. Broom¶y (?), a. Of or pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling broom or a broom. If land grow mossy or broomy. Mortimer. Brose (?), n. [CF. Gael. brothas. Cf. Brewis, Broth.] Pottage made by pouring some boilingÿliquid on meal (esp. oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef brose, water brose, etc., according to the name of the liquid (beef broth, hot water, etc.) used. [Scot.] Brot¶el (?), a. Brittle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brot¶elÏness, n. Brittleness. [Obs.] Chaucer. Broth (?), n. [AS. bro?; akin to OHG. brod, brot; cf. Ir. broth, Gael. brot. û93. Cf. Brewis, Brew.] Liquid in which flesh (and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been boiled; thin or simple soup. I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love broth better than soup. Addison. Broth¶el (?), n. [OE. brothel, brodel, brethel, a prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. ber¢?an to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. bre¢tan to break, and E. brittle. The term brothel house was confused with bordel brothel. CF. Bordel.] A house of lewdness or ill fame; a house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse. Broth¶elÏer (?), n. One who frequents brothels. Broth¶elÏry (?), n. Lewdness; obscenity; a brothel. B.Jonson. Broth¶er (?), n.; pl. Brothers (?) or Brethren (?). See Brethren. [OE. brother, AS. brÓ?or; akin to OS. brothar, D. broeder, OHG. pruodar, G. bruder, Icel. brÓ?ir, Sw. & Dan. broder, Goth. brÓ?ar, Ir. brathair, W. brawd, pl. brodyr, Lith. brolis, Lett. brahlis, Russ. brat', Pol. & Serv. brat, OSlav. brat?, L. frater, Skr. bhr¾t?, Zend. bratar brother, Gr. ?, ?, a clansman. The common plural is Brothers; in the solemn style, Brethren, OE. pl. brether, bretheren, AS. dat. sing. brÇ?er, nom. pl. brÓ?or, brÓ?ru. û258. Cf. Frair, Fraternal.] 1. A male person who has the same father and mother with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is more definitely called a half brother, or brother of the half blood. Two of us in the churchyard lie, My sister and my brother. Wordsworth. 2. One related or closely united to another by some common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil, suffering, etc.; Ð used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc. ½A brother of your order.¸ Shak. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, For he toÐday that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother. Shak. 3. One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities or traits of character. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov.xviii.9. That April morn Of this the very brother. Wordsworth. µ In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for fellowÐmanÿor fellowÐmen. For of whom such massacre Make they but of their brethren, men of men? Milton. Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for the people of the United States collectively. The phrase is said to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as ½Brother Jonathan.¸ Ð Blood brother. See under Blood. Broth¶er (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brothered (?).] To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood. Sir W.Scott. Broth¶er ger¶man (?). (Law) A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the mother only. Bouvier. Broth¶erÏhood (?), n. [Brother + Ïhood.] 1. The state of being brothers or a brother. 2. An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity. 3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, Ð especially those of the same profession; as, the legal or medical brotherhood. 4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind. A brotherhood of venerable trees. Wordsworth. Syn. - Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality. Broth¶erÐinÐlaw· (?), n.; pl. BrothersÐinÏlaw (?). The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister. Broth¶erÏliÏness (?), n. The state or quality of being brotherly. Broth¶erÏly (?), a. Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly love. Syn. - Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender. Broth¶erÏly, adv. Like a brother; affectionately; kindly. ½I speak but brotherly of him.¸ Shak. Broud¶ed (?), p.a. Braided; broidered. [Obs.] Alle his clothes brouded up and down. Chaucer. Brough¶am (?), n. A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short. Brow (?), n. [OE. browe, bruwe, AS. br?; akin to AS. br?w, bre w, eyelid, OFries. brÇ, D. braauw, Icel. br¾, br?n, OHG. pr¾wa, G. braue, OSlav. br?v?, Russ. brove, Ir. brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor. abrant, Gr. ?, Skr. bhr?. Cf. Bray a bank, Bridge.] 1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit. And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof proclaims him wise. Churchill. 2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow. 'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak. 3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak. 4. The general air of the countenance. To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton. He told them with a masterly brow. Milton. 5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill. To bend the brow, To knit the brows, to frown; to scowl. Brow, v.t. To boundÿto limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.] Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom glade. Milton. Brow¶beat· (?), v.t. [imp. Browbeat; p.p. Browbeaten (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browbeating.] To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat witnesses. My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W.Irving. Brow¶beat·ing, n. The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions. The imperious browbeating and scorn of great men. L'Estrange. Brow¶bound· (?), a. Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak. Browd¶yng (?), n. Embroidery. [Obs.] Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel. Chaucer. Browed (?), a. Having (such) a brow; Ð used in composition; as, darkÐbrowed, sternÐbrowed. Brow¶less (?), a. Without shame. L.Addison. Brown (?), a. [Compar. Browner (?); superl. Brownest.] [OE. brun, broun, AS. br?n; akin to D. bruin, OHG. br?n, Icel. br?nn, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun, G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr. babhru. û93, 253. Cf. Bruin, Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.] Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow. Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow. Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army. Ð Brown bread. (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. ½He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic.¸ Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] Ð Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite. Ð Brown hematitre or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite. Ð Brown holland. See under Holland. Ð Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials. Ð Brown sparÿ(Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with ankerite. Ð Brown stone. See Brownstone. Ð Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor. Ð Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W.Irving. Brown, n. A dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue. Brown, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Browned (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browning.] 1. To make brown or dusky. A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves, Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves. Barlow. 2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour. 3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure. Brown, v.i. To become brown. Brown¶back· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The dowitcher or redÐbreasted snipe. See Dowitcher. Brown¶ bill· (?). [Brown + bill cuttingÿtool.] A bill or halberd of the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th Bill. Many time, but for a sallet, my brainp?n had been cleft with a brown bill. Shak. µ The black, or as it is sometimes called, the brown bill, was a kind of halberd, the cutting part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which projected a spike, and another from the head. Grose. Brown¶iÏan (?), a. Pertaining to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about 1827) the commonness of the motion described below. Brownian movement, the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other fluids. Brown¶ie (?), n. [So called from its supposed tawny or swarthy color.] An imaginary goodÐnatured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.] Brown¶ing, n. 1. The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc. 2. (Masonry) A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster. Brown¶ish, a. Somewhat brown. Brown¶ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the Brownists. Milton. Brown¶ism, n. (Med.) The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See Brunonian. Brown¶ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Robert Brown, of England, in the 16th century, who taught that every church is complete and independent in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one place, having full power to elect and depose its officers. Brown¶ist, n. (Med.) One who advocates the Brunonian system of medicine. Brown¶ness, n. The quality or state of being brown. Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair); Only in brownness beauty dwelleth there. Drayton. Brown¶stone· (?), n. A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes. Brown¶ thrush¶ (?). (Zo”l.) A common American singing bird (Harporhynchus rufus), allied to the mocking bird; Ð also called brown thrasher. Brown¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A species 9figwort or Scrophularia (S. vernalis), and otherÿspecies of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous coarse flowers. Brown¶y (?), a. Brownÿor, somewhat brown. ½Browny locks.¸ Shak. Brow¶post· (?), n. (Carp.) A beam that goes across a building. Browse (?), n. [OF. brost, broust, sprout, shoot, F. brout browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG. burst, G. borste, bristle; cf. also Armor. broustaÿto browse. See Bristle, n., Brush, n.] The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser. Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. Dryden. Browse, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Browsed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browsing.] [For broust, OF. brouster, bruster, F. brouter. See Browse, n., and cf. Brut.] 1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; Ð said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals. Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees thou browsedst. Shak. 2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Fields … browsed by deepÐuddered kine. Tennyson.

<— p. 186 —>

Browse (?), v.i. 1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer. 2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak. Brows¶er (?), n. An animal that browses. Browse¶wood· (?), n. Srubs and bushes upon which animals browse. Brows¶ing, n. Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may browse. Browsings for the deer. Howell. Brow¶spot· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A rounded organ between the eyes of the frog; the interocular gland. ØBruÏang¶ (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The Malayan sun bear. Bru¶cine (?), n. [Cf. F. brucine, fr. James Bruce, a Scottish traveler.] (Chem.) A poweful vegetable alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of different species of Strychnos, especially in the ux vomica. It is powerful than strychnine. Called also bruciaÿand brucina. Bru¶cite (?), n. [Named after Dr. A.Bruce of New York.] (Min.) (a) A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium hydrate. (b) The mineral chondrodite. [R.] Bruck¶eled (?), a. Wet and dirty; begrimed. [Obs. or Dial.] Herrick. ØBruh (?), n. (Zo”l.) [Native name.] The rhesus monkey. See Rhesus. Bru¶in (?), n. [D. bruin brown. In the epic poem of ½Reynard the Fox¸ the bear is so called from his color. See Brown, a.] A bear; Ð so called in popular tales and fables. Bruise (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bruised (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bruising.] [OE. brusen, brisen, brosen, bresen, AS. br?sanÿor fr. OF. bruiser, bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. brochisÓn. Cf. Break, v.t.] 1. To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall. 2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush. Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs. Shak. Syn. - To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse. Bruise, v.i. To fight with the fists; to box. Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray. Bruise, n. An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit. From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises. Isa.i.6. Bruis¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, bruises. 2. A boxer; a pugilist. R.Browning. Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic aand, Amid the lists our hero takes his stand. T.Warton. 3. A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the speculums of telescopes. Knight. Bruise¶wort· (?), n. A plant supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and the comfrey. Bruit (?), n. [OE. bruit, brut, noise, bruit, F. bruit, fr. LL. brugitus; cf. L. rugireÿto roar; perh. influenced by the source of E. bray to make a harsh noise, Armor. brud bruit.] 1. Report; rumor; fame. The bruit thereof will bring you many friends. Shak. 2. [French pron. ?.] (Med.) An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation. Bruit, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bruited; p.pr. & vb.n. Bruiting.] To report; to noise abroad. I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak. ØBru·maire¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. bruma winter.] The second month of the calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty days after the autumnal equinox. See Vendemiaire. Bru¶mal (?), a. [L. brumalis, fr. bruma winter: cf. F. brumal.] Of or pertaining to winter. ½The brumal solstice.¸ Sir T.Browne. Brume (?), n. [F. brume winter season, mist, L. bruma winter.] Mist; fog; vapors. ½The drifting brume.¸ Longfellow. Brum¶maÏgem (?), a. [Birmingham (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., ½the great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry,¸ etc.] Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham. [Slang] ½These Brummagem gentry.¸ Lady D.Hardy. Bru¶mous (?), a. Foggy; misty. Brun (?), n. [See Broun a brook.] Same as Brun, a brook. [Scot.] BruÏnette¶ (?), n. [F. brunet, brunette, brownish, dim. of brun, brune, brown, fr. OHG. br?n. See Brown, a.] A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion. Ð a. Having a dark tint. Brun¶ion (?), n. [F. brugnon (cf. It. brugna, prugna), fr. L. prunum. See Prune, n.] A nectarine. BruÏno¶niÏan (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Brown; Ð a term applied to a system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John Brown, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of excitation. Bruns¶wick black· (?). See Japan black. Bruns¶wick green· (?). [G. Braunschweiger grn, first made at Brunswick, in Germany.] An oxychloride 9copper, used as a green pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed. Brunt (?), n. [OE. brunt, bront, fr. Icel. brunaÿto rush; cf. Icel. brennaÿto burn. Cf. Burn, v.t.] 1. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any contention; as, the brunt of a battle. 2. The force of a blow; shock; collision. ½And heavy brunt of cannon ball.¸ Hudibras. It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first brunt with some real affair of common life. I.Taylor. Brush (?), n. [OE. brusche, OF. broche, broce, brosse, brushwood, F. brosseÿbrush, LL. brustia, bruscia, fr. OHG. brusta, brust, bristle, G. borste bristle, brste brush. See Bristle, n., and cf. Browse.] 1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. Brushes have different shapes and names according to their use; as, clothes brush, paint brush, tooth brush, etc. 2. The bushy tail of a fox. 3. (Zo”l.) A tuft of hair on the mandibles. 4. Branchesÿof trees lopped off; brushwood. 5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in a wood; underbrush. 6. (Elec.) A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical currentÿto or from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar apparatus. 7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's clothes a brush; a rubbing or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush from the wheel as it passed. [As leaves] have with one winter's brush Fell from their boughts. Shak. 8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; as, to have a brush with an enemy. Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong, And tempt not yet the brushes of the war. Shak. 9. A shoer contest, or trial, of speed. Let us enjoy a brush across the country. Cornhill Mag. Electrical brush, a form of the electric discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified body. Brush, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brushed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brushing.] [OE. bruschen; cf. F. brosser. See Brush, n.] 1. To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush. ½A' brushes his hat o' mornings.¸ Shak. 2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush. Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax. Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton. 3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; Ð commonly with off. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak. And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton. To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. Ð To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. Ð To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew. You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope. Brush, v.i. To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by. Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith. Brush¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, brushes. Brush¶iÏness (?), n. The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess. Dr. H.More. Brush¶ing, a. 1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine. 2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop. Brush¶ite (?), n. [From George J.Brush, an American mineralogist.] (Min.) A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium. Brush¶ tur·key (?). (Zo”l.) A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla Lathami) of the family Megapodid‘. Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea. µ The brush turkeys live in the ½brush,¸ and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock. Brush¶ wheel· (?). 1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference. 2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing. Brush¶wood (?), n. 1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs. 2. Small branches of trees cut off. Brush¶y, a. Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough. Brusk (?), a. Same as Brusque. Brusque (?), a. [F. brusque, from It. bruscoÿbrusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr. brutti terror.] Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; hluff; as, a brusque man; a brusque style. Brusque¶ness, n. Quality of beingÿbrusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness. Brit. Quar. Brus¶sels (?), n. A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc. Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. Ð Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme finenessÿof the threads. Ð Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. Ð Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. Ð Brussels point. See Point lace. Ð Brussels sproutsÿ(Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or ½sprouts,¸ each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousandÐheaded cabbage. Ð Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched. Brus¶tle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brustled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brustling (?).] [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to burst, akin to G. prasselnÿto crackle. See Burst, v.i.] 1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To make a show of firecenessÿor defiance; to bristle. [Obs.] To brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway. Brus¶tle, n. A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer. Brut (?), v.i. [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.] To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn. Brut, n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. ØBru¶ta (?), n. [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.] (Zo”l.) See Edentata. Bru¶tal (?), a. [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. ½Above the rest of brutal kind.¸ Milton. 2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. ½Brutal intemperance.¸ Macaulay. Bru¶talÏism (?), n. Brutish quality; brutality. BruÏtal¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Brutalities (?). [Cf. F. brutalit‚.] 1. The quality of beingÿbrutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness. 2. An inhuman act. The … brutalities exercised in war. Brougham. Bru·talÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. The act or processÿof making brutal; state of being brutalized. Bru¶talÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brutalized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brutalizing.] [Cf. F. brutaliser.] To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman. Bru¶talÏize, v.i. To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty. [R.] He mixed … with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their habits and manners. Addison. Bru¶talÏly, adv. In a brutal manner; cruelly. Brute (?), a. [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.] 1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of nature. 2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast; the brute creation. A creature … not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued With sanctity of reason. Milton. 3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless; as, brute violence. Macaulay. The influence of capital and mere brute labor. Playfair. 4. Having the physical powers predominating over the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent. A great brute farmer from Liddesdale. Sir W.Scott. 5. Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling. [R.] Brute, n. 1. An animal destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a quadruped; a beast. Brutes may be considered as either a‰ral, terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious. Locke. 2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; as unfeeling or coarse person. An illÐnatured brute of a husband. Franklin. Syn. - See Beast. Brute, v.t. [For bruit.] To report; to bruit. [Obs.] Brute¶ly, adv. In a rude or violent manner. Brute¶ness, n. 1. Brutality. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Insensibility. ½The bruteness of nature.¸ Emerson. Bru¶tiÏfy (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brutified (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brutifying.] [Brute + Ïfy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize. Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. Barrow. Bru¶tish (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent. O, let all provocation Take every brutish shape it can devise. Leigh Hunt. Man may … render himself brutish, but it is in vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the brute. I.Taylor. Syn. - Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial. Ð Bru¶tishÏly, adv. Ð Bru¶tishÏness, n. Bru¶tism (?), n. The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme stupidity, or beastly vulgarity. Bru¶ting (?), n. Browsing. [Obs.] Evelyn. BryÏoÏlog¶iÏcal (?), a. Relating to bryology; as, bryological studies. BryÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in bryology. BryÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? moss + Ïlogy.] That part of botany which relates to mosses. Bry¶oÏnin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony (Bryonia alba and B. dioica). It is a white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and cathartic.