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from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement. [Colloq. U. S.] Boost (?), n. A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help. [Colloq. U. S.] Boot (?), n. [OE. bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. b?t; akin to Icel. b?t, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b?ta, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj. ?255.] 1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief. He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer. Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W. Scott. Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth. 2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged. I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak. 3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.] Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak. To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered. Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak. A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor. Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; Ð generally followed by it; as, what boots it? What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them? Hooker. What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of man, it little boots to know. Byron. What boots to us your victories? Southey. 2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.] And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg. Shak. Boot, n. [OE. bote, OF. bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of uncertain origin.] 1. A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather. 2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland. So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the boots; for they put a pair of iron boots close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg. Bp. Burnet. 3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the coach. [Obs.] 4. A place for baggage at either end of an oldÐfashioned stagecoach. 5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud. 6. (Plumbing) The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof. Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose business it was to pull off boots and clean them. [Obs.] Swift. Ð Boot closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots. Ð Boot crimp, a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot. Ð Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots. Ð Boots and ?addles (Cavalry Tactics), the trumpet call which is the first signal for mounted drill. Ð Sly boots. See Slyboots, in the Vocabulary. Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To put boots on, esp. for riding. Coated and booted for it. B. Jonson. 2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot. [U. S.] Boot, v. i. To boot one's self; to put on one's boots. Boot, n. Booty; spoil. [Obs. or R.] Shak. Boot¶black· (?), n. One who blacks boots. Boot¶ed (?), a. 1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire. 2. (Zo”l.) Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; Ð said of the tarsus of some birds. BootÏee¶ (?), n. A half boot or short boot. Ø BoÏ”¶tes (?), n. [L. Bootes, Gr. ? herdsman, fr. ?, gen. ?, ox, cow.] (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus. Booth (?), n. [OE. bothe; cf. Icel. b?, Dan. & Sw. bod, MHG. buode, G. bude, baude; from the same root as AS. b?an to dwell, E. boor, bower, be; cf. Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ. budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth, pl. bythod, Gael. buth, Ir. both.] 1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden. 2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place. Boot¶hale· (?), v. t. & i. [Boot, for booty + hale.] To forage for booty; to plunder. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Boot¶hose· (?), n. 1. Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. Shak. 2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback. Sir W. Scott. Booth¶y (?), n. See Bothy. Boot¶iÏkin (?), n. [Boot + Ïkin.] 1. A little boot, legging, or gaiter. 2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout. H. Walpole. Boot¶ing, n. Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty. [Obs.] Sir. J. Harrington. Boot¶ing, n. 1. A kind of torture. See Boot, n., 2. 2. A kicking, as with a booted foot. [U. S.] Boot¶jack· (?), n. A device for pulling off boots. Boot¶less (?), a. [From Boot profit.] Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success. Chaucer. I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. Shak. ÐBoot¶lessÏly, adv. Ð Boot¶lessÏness, n. Boot¶lick· (?), n. A toady. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. Boot¶mak·er (?), n. One who makes boots. Ð Boot¶mak·ing, n. Boots (?), n. A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and shoes. Boot¶top·ping (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, she?ls, etc., have been scraped off. 2. (Naut.) Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt. Boot¶tree· (?), n. [Boot + tree wood, timber.] An instrument to stretch and widen the log of a boot, consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven. The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees. Thackeray. Boo¶ty (?), n. [Cf. Icel. b?ti exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter, booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty, G. beute, and fr. Icel. byta, Sw. byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by boot profit.] That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. Milton. To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize him afterwards. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Booze (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boozed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.] [D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel, bus box, jar.] To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to tipple. [Written also bouse, and boose.] Landor. This is better than boozing in public houses. H. R. Haweis. Booze, n. A carouse; a drinking. Sir W. Scott. Booz¶er (?), n. One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser. Booz¶y (?), a. A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. BoÏpeep¶ (?), n. [Bo + peep.] The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back, as if frightened. I for sorrow sung, That such a king should play bopeep, And go the fools among. Shak. Bor¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bored. [R.] BoÏrach¶te (?), n. [Sp. borracha a leather bottle for wine, borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.] A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard. [Obs.] You're an absolute borachio. Congreve. BoÏrac¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. boracique. See Borax.] Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; as, boracic acid. Bo¶raÏcite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with magnesium chloride. Bo¶raÏcous (?), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax. Bor¶age (?), n. [OE. borage (cf. F. bourrache, It. borraggine, borrace, LL. borago, borrago, LGr. ?), fr. LL. borra, F. bourre, hair of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.) A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic. Bor¶ageÏwort· (?), n. Plant of the Borage family. BoÏrag·iÏna¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants (Boraginace‘) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants. Bor·aÏgin¶eÏous (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous. Bor¶aÏmez (?), n. See Barometz. Bo¶rate (?), n. [From Boric.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical. Bo¶rax (?), n. [OE. boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt borras; cf. LL. borax, Sp. borraj; all fr. Ar. b?rag, fr. Pers. b?rah.] A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O. Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3. Bor¶boÏrygm (?), n. [F. borborygme, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to rumble in the bowels.] (Med.) A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels. Dunglison. Bord (?), n. [See Board, n.] 1. A board; a table. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Mining) The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures. Bord (?), n. See Bourd. [Obs.] Spenser. Bord¶age (?), n. [LL. bordagium.] The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage. Bord¶ar (?), n. [LL. bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of uncertain origin.] A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a cottier. The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work of the home farm. J. R. Green. BorÏdeaux¶ (?), a. Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France. Ð n. A claret wine from Bordeaux. Bor¶del (?), BorÏdel¶lo (?), } n. [F. bordel, orig. a little hut, OF. borde hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. board, n. See. Board, n.] A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ø Bor·deÏlais¶ (?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district around Bordeaux. Bor¶delÏler (?), n. A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.] Gower. Bor¶der (?), n. [OE. bordure, F. bordure, fr. border to border, fr. bord a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G. borte trimming, ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See Board, n., and cf. Bordure.] 1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink. Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham. In the borders of death. Barrow. 2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district. 3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish. 4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; Ð often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. Ð The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. Ð Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier. Syn. Ð Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine. Bor¶der, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bordering.] 1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; Ð with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts. 2. To approach; to come near to; to verge. Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson. Bor¶der, v. t. 1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden. 2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest. The country is bordered by a broad tract called the ½hot region.¸ Prescott. Shebah and Raamah … border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.] That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak. Bor¶derÏer (?), n. One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place or region. Borderers of the Caspian. Dyer. Bord¶land· (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + land.] (O. Eng. Law) Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the maintenance of his board, or table. Spelman. Bord¶lode· (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + lode leading.] (O. Eng. Law) The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house. Bailey. Mozley & W. Bord¶man (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + man.] A bordar; a tenant in bordage. Bord¶rag (?), Bord¶ra·ging (?), } n. [Perh. from OE. bord, for border + raging. Cf. Bodrage.] An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser. Bord¶ serv·ice (?). [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + service.] (O. Eng. Law) Service due from a bordar; bordage. Bor¶dure (?), n. [F. bordure. See Border, n.] (Her.) A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be charged. Bore (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.] [OE. borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel. bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG. por?n, G. bohren, L. forare, Gr. ? to plow, Zend bar. ?91.] 1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank. I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak. 2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole. Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris. 3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. ½What bustling crowds I bored.¸ Gay. 4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester. He bores me with some trick. Shak. Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle. 5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.] I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl. Bore, v. i. 1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects). 2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore. 3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort. They take their flight … boring to the west. Dryden.

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4. (Ma??) To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; ? said of a horse. Crabb. Bore (?), n. 1. A hole made by boring; a perforation. 2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube. The bores of wind instruments. Bacon. Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak. 3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber. 4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger. 5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.] Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak. 6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui. It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses. Hawthorne. Bore, n. [Icel. b¾ra wave: cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor height, burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran, E. 1st bear. ?92.] (Physical Geog.) (a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the TsienÐtang, in China. (b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel. Bore, imp. of 1st & 2d Bear. Bo¶reÏal (?), a. [L. borealis: cf. F. bor‚al. See Boreas.] Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; as, a boreal bird; a boreal blast. So from their own clear north in radiant streams, Bright over Europe bursts the boreal morn. Thomson. Ø Bo¶reÏas (?), n. [L. boreas, Gr. ?.] The north wind; Ð usually a personification. Bore¶cole· (?), n. [Cf. D. boerenkool (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.] A brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves, which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale. Bore¶dom (?), n. 1. The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui. Dickens. 2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively. BoÏree¶ (?), n. Same as Bourr‚. [Obs.] Swift. Bor¶el (?), n. See Borrel. Bor¶eÏle (?), n. (Zo”l.) The smaller twoÐhorned rhinoceros of South Africa (Atelodus bicornis). Bor¶er (?), n. 1. One that bores; an instrument for boring. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances. (c) One of the larv‘ of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple. (d) The hagfish (Myxine). Bo¶ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron. Boric acid, a white crystalline substance B(OH)3, easily obtained from its salts, and occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany. Bo¶ride (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic element or radical; Ð formerly called boruret. Bor¶ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship timbers by certain marine mollusks. One of the most important applications of boring is in the formation of artesian wells. Tomlinson. 2. A hole made by boring. 3. pl. The chips or fragments made by boring. Boring bar, a revolving or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes. Ð Boring tool (Metal Working), a cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round holes. Knight. Born (?), p. p. & a. [See Bear, v. t.] 1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth. No one could be born into slavery in Mexico. Prescott. 2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar. ½A born matchmaker.¸ W. D. Howells. Born again (Theol.), regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual life. ½Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.¸ John iii. 3. Ð Born days, days since one was born; lifetime. [Colloq.] Borne (?), p. p. of Bear. Carried; conveyed;; supported; defrayed. See Bear, v. t. Bor¶neÏol (?), n. [Borneo + Ïol.] (Chem.) A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol. Bor¶nite (?), n. [Named after Von Born, a mineralogist.] (Min.) A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur; Ð also called purple copper ore (or erubescite), in allusion to the colors shown upon the slightly tarnished surface. Bo·roÏflu¶orÏide (?), n. [Boron + fluoride.] (Chem.) A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen, or some other positive element, or radical; Ð called also fluoboride, and formerly fluoborate. Bo¶roÏglyc¶erÏide (?), n. [Boron + glyceride.] (Chem.) A compound of boric acid and glycerin, used as an antiseptic. Bo¶ron (?), n. [See Borax.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals. Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B. Bo¶roÏsil¶iÏcate (?), n. [Boron + silicate.] (Chem.) A double salt of boric and silicic acids, as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc. Bor¶ough (?), n. [OE. burgh, burw, boru, port, town, burrow, AS. burh, burg; akin to Icel., Sw., & Dan. borg, OS. & D. burg, OHG. puruc, purc, MHG. burc, G. burg, Goth. ba£rgs; and from the root of AS. beorgan to hide, save, defend, G. bergen; or perh. from that of AS. beorg hill, mountain. ?95. See Bury, v. t., and cf. Burrow, Burg, Bury, n., Burgess, Iceberg, Borrow, Harbor, Hauberk.] 1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill. Erskine. 2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person. Ð Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament. Bor¶ough, n. [See Borrow.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other. (b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins. Bor¶oughÐEng¶lish (?), n. (Eng. Law) A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother. Blackstone. Bor¶oughÏhead· (?), n. See Headborough. [Obs.] Bor¶oughÏhold¶er (?), n. A headborough; a borsholder. Bor¶oughÏmas¶ter (?), n. [Cf. Burgomaster.] The mayor, governor, or bailiff of a borough. Bor¶oughÏmon¶ger (?), n. One who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs. Bor¶oughÏmon¶gerÏing, Bor¶oughÏmon¶gerÏy (?), n. The practices of a boroughmonger. BorÏrach¶o (?), n. See Borachio. [Obs.] Bor¶rage (?), n., BorÏrag·iÏna¶ceous (?), a., etc. See Borage, n., etc. Bor¶rel (?), n. [OF. burel a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F. bure drugget. See Bureau. Rustic and common people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its color.] 1. Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse clothing; a garment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool. Bor¶rel, a. [Prob. from Borrel, n.] Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bor¶row (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Borrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Borrowing.] [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. ?95. See 1st Borough.] 1. To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; Ð the opposite of lend. 2. (Arith.) To take (one or more) from the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next lower; Ð a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend. 3. To copy or imitate; to adopt; as, to borrow the style, manner, or opinions of another. Rites borrowed from the ancients. Macaulay. It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to borrow good words and holy sayings in abundance; but to make them his own is a work of grace only from above. Milton. 4. To feign or counterfeit. ½Borrowed hair.¸ Spenser. The borrowed majesty of England. Shak. 5. To receive; to take; to derive. Any drop thou borrowedst from thy mother. Shak. To borrow trouble, to be needlessly troubled; to be overapprehensive. Bor¶row, n. 1. Something deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage. [Obs.] Ye may retain as borrows my two priests. Sir W. Scott. 2. The act of borrowing. [Obs.] Of your royal presence I'll adventure The borrow of a week. Shak. Bor¶rowÏer (?), n. One who borrows. Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Shak. Bors¶hold·er (?), n. [OE. borsolder; prob. fr. AS. borg, gen. borges, pledge + ealdor elder. See Borrow, and Elder, a.] (Eng. Law) The head or chief of a tithing, or borough (see 2d Borough); the headborough; a parish constable. Spelman. Bort (?), n. Imperfectly crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary work. Bo¶ruÏret (?), n. (Chem.) A boride. [Obs.] Bor¶we (?), n. Pledge; borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø Bos (?), n. [L., ox, cow.] (Zo”l.) A genus of ruminant quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging from the neck. Ø Bo¶sa (?), n. [Ar. b?za, Pers. b?zah: cf. F. bosan.] A drink, used in the East. See Boza. Bos¶cage (?), n. [OF. boscage grove, F. bocage, fr. LL. boscus, buscus, thicket, wood. See 1st Bush.] 1. A growth of trees or shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded landscape. 2. (O. Eng. Law) Food or sustenance for cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on wood. Bosh (?), n. [Cf. G. posse joke, trifle; It. bozzo a rough stone, bozzetto a rough sketch, sÏbozzo a rough draught, sketch.] Figure; outline; show. [Obs.] Bosh, n. [Turk.] Empty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug. [Colloq.] Bosh, n.; pl. Boshes (?). [Cf. G. b”schung a slope.] 1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling or boiling furnace. 2. pl. The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of this part. 3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are cooled. Ø Bosh¶bok (?), n. [D. bosch wood + bok buck.] (Zo”l.) A kind of antelope. See Bush buck. Ø Bosh¶vark (?), n. [D. bosch wood + varken pig.] (Zo”l.) The bush hog. See under Bush, a thicket. Ø Bos¶jesÏman (?), n.; pl. Bosjesmans. [D. boschjesman.] See Bushman. Bosk (?), n. [See Bosket.] A thicket; a small wood. ½Through bosk and dell.¸ Sir W. Scott. Bos¶kage (?), n. Same as Boscage. Thridding the somber boskage of the wood. Tennyson. Bos¶ket, Bos¶quet (?), n. [F. bosquet a little wood, dim. fr. LL. boscus. See Boscage, and cf. Bouquet.] (Gardening) A grove; a thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed. Bosk¶iÏness (?), n. Boscage; also, the state or quality of being bosky. Bosk¶y (?), a. [Cf. Bushy.] 1. Woody or bushy; covered with boscage or thickets. Milton. 2. Caused by boscage. Darkened over by long bosky shadows. H. James. Bos¶om (?), n. [AS. b?sm; akin to D. bozem, Fries. b?sm, OHG. puosum, G. busen, and prob. E. bough.] 1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them. You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak. 2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se??et thoughts. Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job xxxi. 33. 3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold. Within the bosom of that church. Hooker. 4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. ½The bosom of the ocean.¸ Addison. 5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom. He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. Ex.iv. 6. 6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak. 7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight. Bos¶om, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the bosom. 2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend. Bos¶om, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bosoming.] 1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak. 2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope. Bos¶omed (?), a. Having, or resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden. Bos¶omÏy (?), a. Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows. Bo¶son (?), n. See Boatswain. [Obs.] Dryden. BosÏpo¶riÏan (?), a. [L. Bosporus, G. ?, lit., oxÏford, the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a heifer; fr. ? ox, heifer + ? ford.] Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the Cimmerian Bosporus. The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them tribute and exterminated the Taurians. Tooke. Bos¶poÏrus (?), n. [L.] A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas; as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian Bosporus, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written also Bosphorus.] Bos¶quet (?), n. See Bosket. Boss (?), n.; pl. Bosses (?). [OE. boce, bose, boche, OF. boce, boche, bosse, F. bosse, of G. origin; cf. OHG. bÓzo tuft, bunch, OHG. bÓzan, MHG. b“zen, to beat. See Beat, and cf. Botch a swelling.] 1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of wood. 2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as

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upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus. 3. (Arch.) A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations. 4. [Cf. D. bus box, Dan. b”sse.] A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder. Gwilt. 5. (Mech.) (a) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where it is coupled to another. (b) A swage or die used for shaping metals. 6. A head or reservoir of water. [Obs.] Boss (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bossing.] [OE. bocen, fr. OF. bocier. See the preceding word.] To ornament with bosses; to stud. Boss, n. [D. baas master.] A master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a political dictator. [Slang, U. S.] Boss¶age (?), n. [F. bossage, fr. bosse. See Boss a stud.] 1. (Arch.) A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into shape. Gwilt. 2. (Arch.) Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings. Gwilt. Bossed (?), a. Embossed; also, bossy. Bos¶set (?), n. [Cf. Boss a stud.] (Zo”l.) A rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer. Boss¶ism (?), n. The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang, U. S.] Boss¶y (?), a. Ornamented with bosses; studded. Bos¶sy, n. [Dim. fr. Prov. E. boss in bossÐcalf, bussÐcalf, for booseÐcalf, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See 1st Boose.] A cor or calf; Ð familiarly so called. [U. S.] Bos¶ton (?), n. A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fiftyÐtwo cards each; Ð said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war. BosÏwell¶iÏan (?), a. Relating to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson. Bos¶wellÏism (?), n. The style of Boswell. Bot (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bots. BoÏtan¶ic (?), BoÏtan¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. botanique. See Botany.] Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition. Ð Botan¶icÏalÏly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. Ð Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots. Bot¶aÏnist (?), n. [Cf. F. botaniste.] One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants. Bot¶aÏnize (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Botanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Botanizing (?).] [Cf. F. botaniser.] To seek after plants for botanical investigation; to study plants. Bot¶aÏnize, v. t. To explore for botanical purposes. Bot¶aÏni·zer (?), n. One who botanizes. Bot·aÏnol¶oÏger (?), n. A botanist. [Obs.] Bot·aÏnol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Botany + Ïlogy: cf. F. botanologie.] The science of botany. [Obs.] Bailey. Bot¶aÏnoÏman·cy (?), n. [Botany + Ïmancy: cf. F. botanomantie.] An ancient species of divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves. Bot¶aÏny (?), n.; pl. Botanies (?). [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. ? botanic, fr. ? herb, plant, fr. ? to feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See Plant. 2. A book which treats of the science of botany. µ Botany is divided into various departments; as, Structural Botany, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and life; and Systematic Botany, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc. Bot¶aÏny Bay¶ (?). A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; Ð so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770. Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort. Botany Bay kino (Med.), an astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice of several Australian species of Eucalyptus. Ð Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian species of Xanthorrh‘a, esp. the grass three (X. hastilis.) BoÏtar¶go (?), n. [It. bottarga, bottarica; or Sp. botarga; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. boutargue.] A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink. Botch (?), n.; pl. Botches (?). [Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E. beat.] 1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease. [Obs. or Dial.] Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton. 2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or ?ended in a clumsy manner. 3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly finished; a bungle. To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. Shak. Botch, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Botched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Botching.] [See Botch, n.] 1. To mark with, or as with, botches. Young Hylas, botched with stains. Garth. 2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner, as a garment; Ð sometimes with up. Sick bodies … to be kept and botched up for a time. Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work. For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane. Dryden. Botch¶edÏly (?), adv. In a clumsy manner. Botch¶er (?), n. 1. One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler. Shak. 2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler. 3. (Zo”l.) A young salmon; a grilse. Botch¶erÏly, a. Bungling; awkward. [R.] Botch¶erÏy (?), n. A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless workmanship. Botch¶y (?), a. Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done. ½This botchy business.¸ Bp. Watson. Bote (?), n. [Old form of boot; Ð used in composition. See 1st Boot.] (Law) (a) Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man bote, a compensation or a man slain. (b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier. (c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries. µ This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as, housebote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; haybote or hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system. Burrill. Bouvier. Blackstone. Bote¶less, a. Unavailing; in vain. See Bootless. Bot¶fly· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A dipterous insect of the family ( Estrid‘, of many different species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse (Gastrophilus equi), the larv‘ of which (bots) are taken into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See Gadfly. Both (?), a. or pron. [OE. bothe, ba?e, fr. Icel. b¾?ir; akin to Dan. baade, Sw. b†da, Goth. baj??s, OHG. beid?, b?d?, G. & D. beide, also AS. begen, b¾, b?, Goth. bai, and Gr. ?, L. ambo, Lith. ab…, OSlav. oba, Skr. ubha. ?310. Cf. AmbÐ.] The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either. µ It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by of. It frequently stands as a pronoun. She alone is heir to both of us. Shak. Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27. He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both. Bolingbroke. It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns. Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak. This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton. Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both their armies; both our eyes. Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the brothers. Both, conj. As well; not only; equally. Both precedes the first of two co”rdinate words or phrases, and is followed by and before the other, both … and …; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two co”rdinate words, connected by and expressed or understood. To judge both quick and dead. Milton. A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith. To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer. Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith. He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. Coleridge. Both¶er (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.] [Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim I vex.] To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother. µ The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory. Both¶er, v. i. To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be troublesome. Without bothering about it. H. James. Both¶er, n. One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a bother. Both·erÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.] Both¶erÏer (?), n. One who bothers. Both¶erÏsome (?), a. Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome. Both¶Ðhands· (?), n. A factotum. [R.] He is his master's bothÐhands, I assure you. B. Jonson. Both¶ie (?), n. Same as Bothy. [Scot.] Both¶niÏan (?), Both¶nic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea. Ø BothÏren¶chyÏma (?), n. [Gr. ? pit + ? something poured in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.) Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood. Both¶y (?) Booth¶y (?) n.; pl. Ïies (?) [Scottish. Cf. Booth.] A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth. [Scot.] Ø Bo·toÏcu¶dos (?), n. pl. [Pg. botoque stopple. So called because they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.] A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; Ð also called Aymbor‚s. Bo¶ tree· (?). (Bot.) The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have become Buddha. The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus religiosa), which is planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god himself ….It differs from the banyan (Ficus Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches. Tennent. Bot¶ryÏoÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïgen.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs in botryoidal form. Bot¶ryÏoid (?), Bot·ryÏoid¶al (?), } a. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïoid.] Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences. Bot¶ryÏoÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïlite.] (Min.) A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure. Bot¶ryÏose· (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having the form of a cluster of grapes. (b) Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence. Gray. Bots (?), n. pl. [Cf. Gael. botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.] (Zo”l.) The larv‘ of several species of botfly, especially those larv‘ which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.] See Illust. of Botfly. BotÏtine¶ (?), n. [F. See Boot (for the foot.).] 1. A small boot; a lady's boot. 2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children. Dunglison. Bot¶tle (?), n. [OE. bote, botelle, OF. botel, bouteille, F. bouteille, fr. LL. buticula, dim. of butis, buttis, butta, flask. Cf. Butt a cask.] 1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids. 2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine. 3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the bottle. µ Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak. Ð Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles. Ð Bottle fish (Zo”l.), a kind of deepÐsea eel (Saccopharynz ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size. Ð Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle. Ð Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. Ure. Ð Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. Ð Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S. viridis); Ð called also foxtail, and green foxtail. Ð Bottle tit (Zo”l.), the European longÐtailed titmouse; Ð so called from the shape of its nest. Ð Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris), with a bottleÐshaped, or greatly swollen, trunk. Ð Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants. Bot¶tle, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bottled (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Bottling (?).] To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or porter; to bottle up one's wrath. Bot¶tle, n. [OE. botel, OF. botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG. bozo bunch. See Boss stud.] A bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak. Bot¶tled (?), a. 1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle. 2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak. Bot¶tle green· (?). A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass. Ð Bot¶tleÐgreen·, a. Bot¶tleÏhead· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A cetacean allied to the grampus; Ð called also bottleÏnosed whale<— bottle-nosed dolphin?—>. µ There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the genus Globicephalus, and one or more species of Hypero”don (H. bidens, etc.), found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1. Bot¶tleÏhold·er (?), n. 1. One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; Ð so called from the bottle of water of which he has charge. 2. One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a backer. [Colloq.] Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder of oppressed states. The London Times. Bot¶tleÐnose· (?), a. Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end. Dickens. Bot¶tler (?), n. One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc. Bot¶tleÏscrew· (?) n. A corkscrew. Swift. Bot¶tling (?) n. The act or the process of

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? anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water, etc., and corking the bottles.

Bot¶tom (?), n. [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; ?akin to OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for budn ), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr.? (for ?), Skr. budhna (for ?hudhna), and Ir. bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, ?base. + 257. Cf. 4th Found, Fund, n.] 1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page. Or dive into the bottom of the deep. Shak. 2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface. Barrels with the bottom knocked out. Macaulay. No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather bottoms and worsted bottoms. W.Irving. 3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork. 4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea. 5. The fundament; the buttocks. 6. An abyss. [Obs.] Dryden. 7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; lowÐlying ground; a dale; a valley. ½The bottoms and the high grounds.¸ Stoddard. 8. (Naut.) The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship. My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak. Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same bottoms in which they were shipped. Bancroft. Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise. 9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom. 10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. Johnson. At bottom, At the bottom, at the foundation or basis; in reality. ½He was at the bottom a good man.¸ J.F.Cooper. Ð To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] J.H.Newman. He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. Addison. ÐTo go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be wrecked. Ð To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest. Bot¶tom, a. Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. Bottom glade, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. Milton. ÐBottom grass, grass growing on bottom lands.Ð Bottom land. See 1st Bottom, n., 7.? Bot¶tom, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bottomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bottoming.] 1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; Ð followed by on or upon. Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. Atterbury. Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their eternal state. South. 2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair. 3. To reach or get to the bottom of. Smiles. Bot¶tom, v. i. 1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; Ð usually with on or upon. Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. Locke. 2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder. Bot¶tom, n. [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See Button.] A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.] Silkworms finish their bottoms in … fifteen days. Mortimer. Bot¶tom, v. t. To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.] As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to none, You must provide to bottom it on me. Shak. Bot¶tomed (?), a. Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; Ð mostly,? in composition; as, sharpÐbottomed; wellÐbottomed. Bot¶tomÏless, a. Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless abyss. ½Bottomless speculations.¸ Burke. But¶tomÏry (?), n. [From 1st Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij. Cf. Bummery.] (Mar.Law) A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed he legal rate of interest. See Hypothecation. Bot¶tonÏy (?), Bot¶toÏn‚ (?),} a. [F. boutonn‚, fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.) Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Cross bottony (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil. Botts (?), n. pl. (Zo”l.) See Bots. Bot¶uÏliÏform· (?), a. [L. botulus sausage + Ð form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of a sausage. Henslow. ØBouche (?), n. [F.] Same as Bush, a lining. Bouche, v.t. Same as Bush, to line. ØBouche, Bouch } (?), n. [F. bouche mouth, victuals.] 1. A mouth. [Obs.] 2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court. [Obs.] ØBou·ch‚es¶ (?), n. pl. [F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.] (Cookery) Small patties. Boud (?), n. A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.] Tusser. ØBou¶doir¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.] A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper. ØBouffe (?), n. [F., buffoon.] Comic opera. See Opera Bouffe. ØBou·gainÏvilÏl‘·a (?), n. [Named from Bougainville, the French navigator.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginace‘, from tropical South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts. Bouge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bouged (?)] [Variant of bulge. Cf. Bowge.] 1. To swell out. [Obs.] 2. To bilge. [Obs.] ½Their ship bouged.¸ Hakluyt. Bouge, v. t. To stave in; to bilge. [Obs.] Holland. Bouge, n. [F. bouche mouth, victuals.] Bouche (see Bouche, 2?); food and drink; provisions. [Obs.] [They] made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady or two, that fainted … with fasting. B.Jonson. Bou¶get (?), n. [Cf. F. bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.] (Her.) A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; Ð also called water bouget. Bough (?), n. [OE. bogh, AS. b”?g, b”h?, bough, shoulder; akin to Icel. b”?gr shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG. buog, G. bug, and to Gr.? ( for ? ) forearm, Skr. b„?hu (for bh„?ghu) arm. ?88, 251. Cf. Bow of a ship.] 1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch. 2. A gallows. [Archaic] Spenser. Bought (?), n. [Cf. Dan. bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug?a. Cf. Bight, Bout, and see Bow to bend.] 1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the boughts of a serpent. [Obs.] Spenser. The boughts of the fore legs. Sir T.Browne. 2. The part of a sling that contains the stone. [Obs.] Bought (?), imp & p.p. of Buy. Bought, p.a. Purchased; bribed. Bought¶en (?), a. Purchased; not obtained or produced at home. Coleridge.

Bought¶y (?), a. Bending. [Obs.] Sherwood. ØBouÏgie¶ (?), n. [F. bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie, Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first imported into Europe.] 1. (Surg.) A long, flexible instrument, that is introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form. 2. (Pharm.) A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into urethra, etc. ØBou·illi¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery) Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup has been made. ØBou·illon¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] 1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth. 2. (Far.) An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog. Bouk (?), n. [AS. bc? belly; akin to G. bauch, Icel. b?kr body.] 1. The body. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.] Boul (?), n. A curved handle. Sir W.Scott. BouÏlan¶gerÏite (?), n. [From Boulanger, a French mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact.It is sulphide of antimony and lead. Bul¶der (?), n. Same as Bowlder. Boul¶derÏy (?), a. Characterized by bowlders. Boule (?), Boule¶work· (?), n. Same as Buhl, Buhlwork. ØBou¶leÏvard· (?), n. [F. boulevard, boulevart, fr. G. bollwerk. See Bulwark.] 1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town. 2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city. ØBoule·verse·ment¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.] Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down. Buolt (?), n. Corrupted form Bolt. Boul¶tel (?), Boul¶tin (?), n. (Arch.) (a) A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo. (b) One of the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also bowtel, boltel, boultell, etc.] Boul¶ter (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached. Boun (?), a. [See Bound ready.] Ready; prepared; destined; tending. [Obs.] Chaucer. Boun, v.t. To make or get ready. Sir W.Scott. Bounce (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bounced (?); p.pr. & vb. n. Bouncing (?).] [OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly. Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift. Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden. 2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she bounced into the room. Out bounced the mastiff. Swift. Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray. 3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.] Bounce, v.t. 1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump. Swift. 2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss. 3. To eject violently, as from a ?room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U. S.] 4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J.Fletcher. Bounce (?), n. 1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound. 2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump. The bounce burst open the door. Dryden. 3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.] 4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey.? 5. (Zo”l.) A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus). Bounce, adv. With a sudden leap; suddenly. This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff. Boun¶cer (?), n. 1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving. 2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson. 3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat. 4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind. The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey. Boun¶cing (?), a. 1. Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom. Many tall and bouncing young ladies. Thackeray. 2. Excessive; big. ½A bouncing reckoning.¸ B. & Fl.? Bouncing Bet (Bot.), the common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis). Harper's Mag. Boun¶cingÏly, adv. With a bounce. Bound (?), n. [OE. bounde, bunne, OF. bonne, bonde, bodne, F. borne, fr. LL. bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. Bourne.] The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary. He hath compassed the waters with bounds. Job xxvi. 10. On earth's remotest bounds. Campbell. And mete the bounds of hate and love. Tennyson. To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or discretion. Syn. Ð See Boundary. Bound, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bounded; p.pr. & vb. n. Bounding.] 1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of; Ð said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine. Where full measure only bounds excess. Milton. Phlegethon . . . Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds. Dryden. 2. To name the boundaries of; as, to bound France. Bound, v.i. [F. bondir to leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap, resound, fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum?, fr. bombus a humming, buzzing. See Bomb.] 1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of springs or leaps; as the beast bounded from his den; the herd bounded across the plain. Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds. Pope. And the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider. Byron. 2. To rebound, as an elastic ball. Bound, v.t. 1. To make to bound or leap; as, to bound a horse. [R.] Shak. 2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; as, to bound a ball on the floor. [Collog.] Bound, n. 1. A leap; an elastic spring; a jump. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. 2. Rebound; as, the bound of a ball. Johnson. 3. (Dancing) Spring from one foot to the other. Bound, imp. & p. p. of Bind. Bound, p. p. & a. 1. Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like. 2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a bound volume. 3. Under legal or moral restraint or obligation. 4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; Ð followed by the infinitive; as, he is bound to succeed; he is bound to fail. 5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do it. [Collog. U. S.] 6. Constipated; costive. µ Used also in composition; as, icebound, windbound, hidebound, etc. Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful discharge of his trust. Ð Bound up in, entirely devoted to; inseparable from. Bound, a. [Past p. of OE. bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready, prepared, fr. Icel. b?inn, p. p. of ba? to dwell, prepare; akin to E. boor and bower. See Bond, a., and cf. Busk, v.] Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; Ð with to or for, or with an adverb of motion; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz. ½The mariner bound homeward.¸ Cowper. Bound¶aÏry (?), n.; pl. Boundaries (?) [From Bound a limit; cf. LL. bonnarium piece of land with fixed limits.] That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit. But still his native country lies Beyond the boundaries of the skies. N.Cotton. That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of Louth and Meath. Macaulay. Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our thoughts. Locke. Syn. Ð Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge; confines; precinct. Bound, Boundary. Boundary, in its original and strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit. Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are made interchangeable. Bound¶en (?), p.p & a. [Old. p. p. of bind.] 1. Bound; fastened by bonds. [Obs.]

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2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden. This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden duty toward our Lord God in every point. Ridley. 3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding. I am much bounden to your majesty. Shak. Bound¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, limits; a boundary. Sir T.Herbert. Bound¶ing, a. Moving with a bound or bounds. The bounding pulse, the languid limb. Montgomery. Bound¶less, a. Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. ½The boundless sky.¸ Bryant. ½The boundless ocean.¸ Dryden. ½Boundless rapacity.¸ ½Boundless prospect of gain.¸ Macaulay. Syn. Ð Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite. Ð Bound¶lessÏly, adv. Ð Bound¶lessÐness, n. Boun¶teÏous (?), a. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.] Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good. Cowper. Ð Boun¶teÏousÏly, adv. Ð Boun¶teÏousÏness, n. Boun¶tiÏful (?), a. 1. Free in giving; lib??ral in bestowing gifts and favors. God, the bountiful Author of our being. Locke. 2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a bountiful supply of food. Syn. Ð Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous. Ð Boun¶tiÏfulÏly, adv. Ð Boun¶tiÏfulÏness, n. Boun¶tiÏhead (?), Boun¶tyÏhood (?), } n. Goodness; generosity. [Obs.] Spenser. Boun¶ty, n.; pl. Bounties (?). [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bont‚, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.] 1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.] Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower. 2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence. My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak. 3. That which is given generously or liberally. ½Thy morning bounties.¸ Cowper. 4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] Ð Queen Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings. Syn. Ð Munificence; generosity; beneficence. BouÏquet¶ (?), n. [F. bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL. boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf. Bosket, Busket.] 1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers. 2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine. ØBou·queÏtin¶ (?), n. [F.] (Zo”l.) The ibex. Bour (?), n. [See Bower a chamber.] A chamber or a cottage. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bour¶bon (?), n. [From the castle and seigniory of Bourbon in central France.] 1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim throne of France. 2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative. Bour¶bonÏism (?), n. The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate conservatism. Bour¶bonÏist, n. One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist. Bour¶bon whis¶ky. See under Whisky. Bourd (?), n. [F. bourde fib, lie, OF. borde, bourde, jest, joke.] A jest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bourd (?), v.i. To jest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bourd¶er (?), n. A jester. [Obs.] Bour¶don (?), n. [F., fr. L. burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf. Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.] A pilgrim's staff. ØBour¶don· (?), n. [F. See Burden a refrain.] (Mus.) (a) A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdyÐgurdy. See Burden (of a song.) (b) A kind of organ stop. BourÏgeois¶ (?), n. [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.] (Print.) A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type. µ This line is printed in bourgeois type.? ØBourÏgeois¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See Burgess.] A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class. [France.] Ð? a. Characteristic of the middle class, as in France. BourÏgeoiÏsie¶ ?, n. [F.] The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade. Bour¶geon (?), v.i. [OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F. bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise.] To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch. Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W.Scott. ØBou¶ri (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A mullet (Mugil capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in Africa. Bourn, Bourne } (?), n. [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, ? unnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunn?r and perh. to Gr. ?. The root is prob. that of burn, v., because the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf. Torrent, and see Burn, v.] A stream or rivulet; a burn. My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. Spenser. Bourn, Bourne } (?), n. [F. borne. See Bound a limit.] A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal. Where the land slopes to its watery bourn. Cowper. The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns. Shak. Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song. Wordsworth. To make the doctrine … their intellectual bourne. Tyndall. Bourn¶less, a. Without a bourn or limit. Bour¶nonÏite (?), n. [Named after Count? Bournon, a mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of a steelgray to black color and metallic luster, occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and copper. BourÏnous¶ (?), n. See Burnoose. ØBourÏr‚e (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) An old French dance tune in common time. ØBourse (?), n. [F. bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr. Gr.? skin, hide, of which a purse was usually made. Cf. Purse, Burse.] An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain hours; esp., the ?Stock Exchange of Paris.? Bouse (?), v.i. To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze. Bouse, n. Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze. ½A good bouse of liquor.¸ Carlyle. Bous¶er (?), n. A toper; a boozer. ØBou·stroÏphe¶don (?), n. [Gr. ? turning like oxen in plowing; ? to turn.] An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite. BouÏstroph·eÏdon¶ic (?), a. Relating to the boustrophedon made of writing. BouÏstorph¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ?oxÐguiding.] Boustrophedonic. Bousy (?), a. Drunken; sotted; boozy. In his cups the bousy poet songs. Dryden. Bout (?), n. [A different spelling and application of bought bend.] 1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince … has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith. 2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a setÐto at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak. BouÏtade¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouter to thrust. See Butt.] An outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.] Boute¶feu (?), n. [F.; bouter to thrust, ?put+feu fire.] An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels. [Obs.] Animated by … John … Chamber, a very boutefeu, … they entered into open rebellion. Bacon. ØBou·ton·niŠre¶ (?), n. [F., buttonhole.] A bouquet worn in a buttonhole. ØBouts·ÏriÏm‚s¶ (?), n. pl. [F. bout ?end+rim‚ rhymed.] Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered. Bo¶vate (?), n. [LL. bovata, fr. bos, bovis, ox.] (O.Eng.Law.) An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen acres. Bo¶vey coal· (?). (Min.) A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; Ð found at Bovey Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the o”lite, and of the true coal era. Bo¶vid (?), a. [L. bos, bovis, ox, cow.] (Zo”l.) Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus Bos is the type. Bo¶viÏform (?), a. [L. bos, bovis, ox +?Ðform.] Resembling an ox in form; oxÐshaped. [R.] Bo¶vine (?), a. [LL. bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox, cow: cf. F. bovine. See Cow.] 1. (Zo”l.) of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope. 2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W.Black. Bow (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] [OE. bowen, bogen, bugen, AS. b?gan (generally v.i.); akin to D. buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen, beugen, Icel. boginn bent, beygja to bend, Sw. b”ja, Dan. b”ie, bugne, Coth. biugan; also to L. fugere to flee, Gr. ?, and Skr. bhuj to bend. ?88. Cf. Fugitive.] 1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved. We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness. Milton. The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny. Prescott. 2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline. Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon. Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller. 3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension. They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. 2 Kings ii. 15. 4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;? to crush; to subdue. Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak. 5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks. Bow (?), v.i. 1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.] 2. To stop. [Archaic] They stoop, they bow down together. Is.xlvi.2? 3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; Ð often with down. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker. Ps.xcv.6. 4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow. Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed. Dryden. Bow (?), n. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility. Bow (?), n. [OE. bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS. b?gan to bend; akin to D. boog, G. bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow, v.t.] 1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen.ix.13. 2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled. 3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string. 4. The ?UÐshaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke. 5. (Mus.) An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument. 6. An acrograph. 7. (Mech. & Manuf.) Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters. 8. (Naut.) A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea. 9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl. Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. Ð Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string. Ð Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow. Ð Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window. Ð To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Collog.] Bow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] To play (music) with a bow. Ð v.i. To manage the bow. Bow (?), n. [Icel. b”?gr shoulder, bow of a ship. See Bough.] 1. (Naut.) The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow. 2. (Naut.) One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel. Totten. Ð Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. Ð On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon whithin 45? on either side of the line ahead. Totten. Bow¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding. [Obs.] Bow¶bell· (?), n. One born within hearing distance of BowÐbells; a cockney. Halliwell. Bow¶Ïbells· (?), n. pl. The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom. People born within the sound of BowÐbells are usually called cockneys. Murray's Handbook of London. Bow¶bent· (??), a. Bent, like a bow. Milton. Bow¶Ðcom·pass (?), n.; pl. BowÐcompasses (?). 1. An arcograph. 2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bowÐshaped spring, instead of by a joint. 3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plats riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other. Bow¶el (?), n. [OE. bouel, bouele, OF. boel, boele, F. boyau, fr. L. botellus a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L. botulus sausage.] 1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; Ð generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i.18. 2. pl. Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the earth. His soldiers … cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the battle. Shak. 3. pl. The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion. ½Thou thing of no bowels.¸ Shak. Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. Fuller. 4. pl. Offspring. [Obs.] Shak. Bow¶el, v.t. [imp. & p. p. Boweled or Bowelled (?); p.pr.& vb.n. Boweling or Bowelling.] To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Bow¶eled (?), a. [Written also bowelled.] Having bowels; hollow. ½The boweled cavern.¸ Thomson. Bow¶elÏless, a. Without pity. Sir T.Browne. Bow¶enÏite (?), n. [From G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.] (Min.) A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It is of a ligth green color and resembles jade. Bo¶wer (?), n. [From Bow, v. & n.] 1. One who bows or bends. 2. (Naut.) An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.] His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser. Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.

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Bow¶er (?), n. [G. bauer a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes used for the knave in cards. See Boor.] One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the ½Joker¸) in the game. Ð Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. Ð Best bower or? Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card. Bow¶er, n. [OE. bour, bur, room, dwelling, AS. b?r, fr. the root of AS. ?ban to dwell; akin to Icel. br? chamber, storehouse, Sw. br? cage, Dan. buur, OHG. pr? room, G. bauer cage, bauer a peasant. ?97 Cf.Boor, Byre.] 1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne. 2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B.Johnson. 3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess. Bow¶er, v.t. To embowar; to inclose. Shak. Bow¶er, v.i. To lodge. [Obs.] Spenser. Bow¶er, n. [From Bough, cf. Brancher.] (Falconry) A young hawk, when it begins to leave thenest. [Obs.] Bow¶er bird· (?). (Zo”l.) An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird. µ The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird ( Chalmydodera maculata), and the regent bird (Sericulus melinus). Bow¶erÏy (?), a. Shading, like a bower; full of bowers. A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull. Bow¶erÏy, n.; pl. Boweries (?) [D. bouwerij.] A farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.] The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or plantetions; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely ?apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into ½villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.¸ Bancroft. Bow¶erÏy, a. Characteristic of the street called the ?Bowery, in New York city; swaggering; flashy. Bow¶ess (?), n. (Falconry) Same as Bower. [Obs.] Bow¶fin· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; Ð called also Johnny Grindle, and dogfish. Bowge (?), v. i. To swell out. See Bouge. [Obs.] Bowge, v. t. To cause to leak. [Obs.] See Bouge. Bow¶grace· (?), n. (Naut.) A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice. Bow¶ hand· (?). 1. (Archery) The hand that holds the bow, i.e., the left hand. Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser. 2. (Mus.) The hand that draws the bow, i.e., the right hand. Bow¶head· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (Bal‘na mysticetus). See Baleen, and Whale. Bow¶ie knife· (?). A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and doubleÐedged near the point; Ð used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its inventor, Coolnel James Bowie. Also, by extension, any large sheath knife. Bow¶ing (?), n. (Mus.) 1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments. Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc. J.W.Moore. 2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting. Bow¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a bending manner. Bow¶knot· (?), n. A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied. Bowl (?), n. [OE. bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel. bolli, Dan. bolle, G. bolle, and perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.] 1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow. 2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking. 3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold. 4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon. Bowl (?), n. [F. boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf. Bull an edict, Bill a writing.] 1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled. 2. pl. An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward. Like an uninstructed bowler, … who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W.Scott. 3. pl. The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.] Bowl (?), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Bowledÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.] 1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball. Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. Shak. 2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; as, we were bowled rapidly along the road. 3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled. Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth, And bowled to death with turnips? Shak. To bowl (a player) out ?, in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a stump in bowling. Bowl, v. i. 1. To play with bowls. 2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc. 3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; as, the carriage bowled along. Bowl¶der, Boul¶der (?), n. [Cf. Sw. bullra to roar, rattle, Dan. buldre, dial. Sw. bullersteen larger kind of pebbles; perh. akin to E. bellow.] 1. A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a large pebble. 2. (Geol.) A mass of any rock, whether rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies from its native bed. See Drift. Bowlder clay, the unstratified clay deposit of the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of bowlders. Ð Bowlder wall, a wall constructed of large stones or bowlders. Bowl¶derÏy (?), a. Characterized by bowlders. Bow¶leg· (?), n. A crooked leg. Jer.Taylor. Bowl¶Ðlegged· (?), a. Having crooked legs, esp. with the kness bent outward. Johnson. Bowl¶er (?), n. One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other game. Bow¶less, a. Destitute of a bow. Bow¶line (?), n. [Cf. D. boelijn, Icel. b”gl‹na?, Dan. bovline; properly the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See Bow (of a ship), and Line.] (Naut.) A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is closehauled. Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail. Ð Bowline knot. See Illust. under Knot. Ð On a bowline, closeÐhauled or sailing close to the wind; Ð said of a ship. Bowl¶ing (?), n. The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins. Bowling alley, a covered place for playing at bowls or tenpins. Ð Bowling green, a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.? Bowls (?), n. pl. See Bowl, a ball, a game. Bow¶man (?), n.; pl. Bowmen (?). A man who uses a bow; an archer. The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen. Jer.iv.29. Bowman's root. (Bot.) See Indian physic, under Indian. Bow¶man (?), n. (Naut.) The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar. Bowne (?), v.t. [See Boun.] To make ready; to prepare; to dress. [Obs.] We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet. Sir W.Scott. Bow¶ net· (?). 1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnelÐshaped entrance at one end. 2. A net for catching birds. J.H.Walsh. Bow¶ oar· (?). 1. The oar used by the bowman. 2. One who rows at the bow of a boat. Bow¶Ðpen· (?), n. BowÐcompasses carrying a drawing pen. See BowÐcompass. Bow¶Ðpen·cil (?), n. BowÐcompasses, one leg of which carries a pencil. Bow¶Ðsaw· (?), n. A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame. Bowse (?), v.i. [See Booze, and Bouse.] 1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze. De Quincey. 2. (Naut.) To pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i.e., to pull all together. Bowse, n. A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze. Bow¶shot· (?), n. The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow. Bow¶sprit· (?), n. [Bow + sprit; akin to D.boegspriet; boeg bow of a ship + spriet, E. sprit, also Sw. bogspr”t, G. bugspriet.] (Naut.) A large boom or spar, which project over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. Bows¶sen (?), v.t. To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have curative properties). [Obs.] There were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men. …If there appeared small amendment he was bowssened again and again. Carew. Bow¶string· (?), n. 1. The string of a bow. 2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders. Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch. Ð Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends. Ð Bowstring hemp (Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are made. Balfour. Bow¶string· (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p.] Bowstringed (?) or Bowstrung (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bowstringing.] To strangle with a bowstring. Bow¶stringed· (?), p.a. 1. Furnished with bowstring. 2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled. Bow¶tel (?), n. See Boultel. Bow¶wow· (?), n. An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark. Ð a. Onomatopoetic; as, the bowwow theory of language; a bowwow word. [Jocose.] Bow¶yer (?), n. [From Bow, like lawyer from law.] 1. An archer; one who uses bow. 2. One who makes or sells bows. Box (?), n. [As. box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. ?. See Box a case.] (Bot.) A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of which, the dwaft box (B.suffruticosa), is much used for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc. Box elder, the ashÐleaved maple (Negundo aceroides), of North America. Ð Box holly, the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus). Ð Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium barbarum). Ð Box tree, the tree variety of the common box. Box, n.pl. Boxes (?) [As. box a small case or vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G. bchse; fr. L. buxus boxwood, anything made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf. Box a tree, Bushel.] 1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes. 2. The quantity that a box contain. 3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other place of public amusement. Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay, stage. Dorset. The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges. Dryden. 4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; as, a poor box; a contribution box. Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks, Damning the poor, his trippleÐbolted box. J.Warton. 5. A small country house. ½A shooting box.¸ Wilson. Tight boxes neatly sashed. Cowper. 6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry box. 7. (Mach) (a) An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing. (b) A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket of a lifting pump. 8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach. 9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift. ½A Christmas box.¸ Dickens. 10. (Baseball) The square in which the pitcher stands. 11. (Zo”l.) A Mediterranean food fish; the bogue. µ Box is much used adjectively or in composition; as box lid, box maker, box circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as money box, letter box, bandbox, hatbox or hat box, snuff box or snuffbox. Box beam (Arch.), a beam made of metal plates so as to have the form of a long box. Ð Box car (Railroads), a freight car covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its contents. Ð Box chronometer, a ship's chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper position. Ð Box coat, a thick overcoat for driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain. Ð Box coupling, a metal collar uniting the ends of shafts or other parts in machinery. Ð Box crab (Zo”l.), a crab of the genus Calappa, which, when at rest with the legs retracted, resembles a box. Ð Box drain (Arch.), a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and bottom. Ð Box girder (Arch.), a box beam. Ð Box groove (Metal Working), a closed groove between two rolls, formed by a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another. R.W.Raymond. Ð Box metal, an alloy of copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings of journals, etc. Ð Box plait, a plait that doubles both to the rigth and the left. Ð Box turtle or Box tortoise (Zo”l.), a land tortoise or turtle of the genera Cistudo and Emys; Ð so named because it can withdraw entirely within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent person. Emerson. Ð In a box, in a perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty. (Colloq.) Ð In the wrong box, out of one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated. (Colloq.) Ridley (1554)? Box, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Boxed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Boxing.] 1. To inclose in a box. 2. To furnish with boxes, as a wheel. 3. (Arch.) To inclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form. To box a tree, to make an incision or hole in a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap. Ð To box off, to divide into tight compartments. Ð To box up. (a) To put into a box in order to save; as, he had boxed up twelve score pounds. (b) To confine; as, to be boxed up in narrow quarters. Box, n. [Cf.Dan. baske to slap, bask slap, blow. Cf. Pash.] A blow on the head or ear with the hand. A goodÐhumored box on the ear. W.Irving. Box, v.i. To fight with the fist; to combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar. Box, v.t. To strike with the hand or fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the head. Box, v.t. [Cf.Sp. boxar, now spelt bojar.] To boxhaul. To box off (Naut.), to turn the head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback. Ð To box the compass (Naut.), to name the thirtyÐtwo points of the compass in their order. Box¶ber·ry (?), n. (Bot.) The wintergreern. (Gaultheria procumbens). [Local, U.S.]