INDEX

Adherence to sail after adoption of steam, 120, 122

Admiralty:

Adoption of steam power and iron armour, 146;

builds its first steamer, 89;

attachment to wooden ships, 256;

first iron steamship, 99

Advance towards Dreadnought gun arrangement, 251

Advice boats, 59

Aeroplane v. Submarine, 329;

and warships, 329

African war canoes, 24

Alexander the Great’s State visit to Neptune, 289

Alexandria, Bombardment of, 214 et seq.;

the defences, 215;

British ships’ weight of broadsides, 216;

damage caused by British fire, 217-9;

Egyptian and British losses, 218

“All-big-gun” one calibre ships (see Dreadnoughts)

All-round fire, 164

(see Dreadnoughts)

America:

first modern cruisers, 223;

frigates, 60, 105, 124;

navy, 60, 61;

turret-ship’s Atlantic voyage, 188;

warships sold to Europe, 189

American Civil War:

Atlanta sunk by Weehawken, 134;

Albemarle (Confederate ram) sunk by improvised torpedo boat, 134;

Tennessee (Confederate) designed as ironclad ram, 134;

battle with Union fleet, 135;

David, 136;

Ironsides attacked by, 136;

improvised gunboats, 137;

innovations, 104;

“tinclads,” 137

(see also Alabama, Merrimac, Monitor)

Ammunition tubes, 174;

hoists, 277

Ancient Egyptian warships, 2, 3, 4

Antiquity of naval warfare, 2

Anti-torpedo boat armament: rate of fire, 304

“Anti-war shell,” 268

Arab dhow, 33, 37

Archers on shipboard, 19;

fighting tops for, 41, 48

Armour:

Agamemnon (1906) 8-in. armour equal to 12-in. four years earlier, 253;

Hercules’, impenetrable, 159;

value of, proved at Lissa, 157;

concentration of, at sides, 119;

increased thickness, 162;

French, 163;

Warrior, Devastation and Hercules compared, 162, 163;

Inflexible’s, 2 ft. thick, 176;

limit, 176;

belts, 165;

Armstrong-Whitworth competition, 275;

on deflective principle, 242;

targets, 275;

steel and iron compared, 267, 277;

developments, 321;

Rossia’s in Japanese battle, 259;

tests with H.M.S. Ruby, 100;

iron plates superposed, 100;

rolled armour plates for Crimean War, 100;

steel, 20 inches thick, 246;

compound belt, 18 inches thick, 247;

Harveyised steel, 247, 248

Armour-cased screw frigate, 194

“Armour-patched” ship, 121

Armour plate experiments, 183, 266, 268, 269, 270;

“impregnable armour plating,” 269;

Italian experiments at Spezzia, 276

Armour plates:

Warrior’s costly, 118;

tests, 118;

Black Prince’s, 121;

Glutton’s, 183

(see Armour and Artillery)

Armoured bow citadel, 148;

bulkheads, 119, 148

Armoured frigates, 118, 181

Armoured ships (see also Floating Batteries):

French Emperor decides to use against Russian forts, 109;

French floating batteries, 109, 110;

first iron-clad citadel ship in Europe, 109;

similar floating batteries built by British, 110;

objections to retention of, after Crimean War, 115;

Royal Commission (1858) reports French building four iron-plated ships, 117;

Gloire, battleship, converted to armoured frigate, 117;

Britain’s reply with the Warrior, 118

Armstrong breech loaders, 148

Armstrong, Sir W., 274

Artillery:

Chinese, 35;

firearms introduced into western Europe, 39;

cannon introduced, first used in naval warfare, early guns, method of mounting, chambers for, 40;

brass guns, 48;

heavy Russian at Sinope, 106;

ditto at Sebastopol and Cronstadt, 107;

rivalry between guns and armour, 108;

150-pounders, 300-pounders, 152;

12½-ton gun, 158;

80-ton gun, 176;

100-ton guns, 178;

111-ton guns, 245;

12-inch guns, 247, 277, 282, 283;

13½-inch guns, 247;

15-inch guns, 282;

6-inch quick firers, 247;

quick firers introduced, 274;

breech loaders, 148, 244, 265, 270, 271, 275, 269;

hydraulic machinery, 171, 174;

loading by machinery, 174, 278-81;

guns loaded at any elevation, 278-81;

rifling: polygonal, 274;

increasing twist, 274;

difficulties attending, 265, 270, 274, 275;

Whitworth rifled gun, 267;

Whitworth hexagonal, 171;

windage, 265, 274;

cast-iron rifled guns, 265;

wrought-iron rifled guns, 265;

steel rifled guns, 265, 266;

malleable iron gun, 266;

smoothbores rifled, 275;

uniform rifling, 283;

Bessemer steel guns, 266;

steel tubes, 266;

steel guns adopted for the Navy, 266;

muzzle-loading rifled gun, 176;

competitive experiments with Armstrong and Whitworth guns, 267, 275;

Whitworth gun range, 268;

British Government declines competition between muzzle loader and Whitworth breech loader, 269;

pivoted guns, 126, 175, 273;

Armstrong-Woolwich gun, 164, 153, 271, 272;

Dahlgren, 126, 131, 189, 190;

adapted to Paixhan system of shell firing, 126;

Hontoria, 227;

Stockton-Ericsson, 128, 139;

Parrott, 137;

Paixhan, 110, 126;

Rodman, 159, 190, 269, 270;

Mackay, 270;

Fraser’s cheap construction muzzle-loading, 271;

French and English methods of working big guns, 277-8;

manufacture, 282;

underwater guns, 292;

columbiads, 292-3;

hexagonal bore, 270;

energy, 270, 272;

dimensions, 272-3;

wire guns, 273;

rapid fire, 273, 274, 279;

turntable, 159;

heavy guns in barbettes introduced, 244;

sponsons, 96, 126;

blast, 249;

46-ton wire gun more powerful than 110½-ton gun, 249;

record weight of discharge prior to Dreadnoughts, 177;

Spezzia experiments, 178;

anti-torpedo boat guns, 176, 248;

greater security through breech loading, 280;

superiority of 12-inch gun over those prior to 1906, 252;

range of Dreadnought’s guns, 262;

25-miles range, 268;

length in proportion to calibre, 283

Assouan (Syene) Expedition, 3

Australian bark canoe, 23

Austrian fleet at Lissa, 153

Auxiliary steam: three-deckers, 105

Ballingers, 43

Baltic and Crimean campaigns, 104, 114, 115;

Sea of Azof, 113

Banked ships, 7

Barbary pirates, 74

Barbette ships of high displacement, 248;

freeboard, 247

Barbettes and turrets, 244

Barton, Sir Andrew, and family, 49

Basket-work boats, 6, 15

Basket-work shields, 6

Battle between steam fleet and sailing fleet, 106

Battles:

Acre, 94;

Copenhagen, 64;

“Glorious First of June,” 64;

La Hogue, 59;

La Rochelle, 40;

Lissa, 152;

Ramming at, 153, 155, 157;

Losses, 156;

Migdol, 4;

Min River, 224;

Navarino, 64;

Sinope, 106;

Sluys, 40;

Trafalgar, 64;

Tsushima, 238-9

(see also Huascar, Merrimac, Monitor, American Civil War, Spanish American War)

Battleship of the future, 328-31

Battleship-cruisers, 254, 255, 261, 262

Battleship’s greatest enemy, 285

Beardmore and Sons, 252

Beardmore, Mr., on armour progress, 253

Beginning of the English Navy, 44

Bellatorium (fighting castle), 20

Beresford, Lord Charles, and Egyptian gunner, 218

Bessemer, Sir Henry, 266

Betts, Hanlon and Hollingsworth, 123

Bilge keels, 120

Biremes, Triremes, etc., 7 et seq.

Blakely shells in war, 198

“Blast” of great guns, 249

Blockade runners, 141

Boilers:

Belleville, 260;

watertube and cylindrical in combination, 260

Bomb vessels, 58

Boulton and Watt, 89

Bow armour, 147

Box or central battery, 119, 121

Brazil-Paraguay War (1865), 198

Brazilian gun experiments, 269

Breastwork monitors, 183

Breastworks, 164

Breech-loading guns in European ships, 195

(see Artillery)

Britain’s first iron screw steamer, 94

Britain’s reply to United States monitors, 162

British naval resources, 62, 303

British Navy begun, 44

British-built monitors for Holland, 192

Broadside ironclads, 147, 148, 153

Broadside or central battery ships, 212

Broadside ships, 174, 243

Brooke, Commander, 127

Brooklyn Navy yard, 104

Brown, Sir John, 276

Brunel, I. K., 89

Buchanan, Commander Franklin, 128

Built canoes, 30

Bulkheads:

armoured, 174, 120;

iron-plated, 121

“Busses,” 20

Cammell (Sheffield), 179

Cancelli, 6

Canet, M., 277

Cannon, demi-cannon, 74

Carronades, 75

Catamarans, 30, 291

Cavalli, Major, 265

Cellular double bottoms, 152

Central armoured citadel, 178

Central battery, 148, 174, 175, 243

Central battery and double turret combined, 244

Central box battery ships in action, 203

Central hexagonal box battery (Mackrow system), 194

Cervera, Admiral, 230-2

Charles II.’s navy, 58

Chatham Islands catamarans, 30

Cheeses (Dutch) as cannonballs, 76

Chili-Peruvian War:

Peruvian fleet, 203;

Chili’s modern ironclads, 203;

how the Chilians fought and lost the Esmeralda, 205;

naval battles of the war, 203-7

Chilian Revolution:

Rebel Esmeralda (1884), 208;

fight between Blanco Encalada and Almirante Lynch and Almirante Condell, 209-10;

sulking of the Blanco Encalada, 210

Chinese artillery, 35

Chinese war junks, 35

Chino-Japanese War, 234-5

Cinque ports, 51

Circular ships, 180

Citadel, central armoured, 178

Citadel-ships (see Floating Batteries), 109, 119

Classifications, 57, 59, 62

Coal supply for warships, 181, 183, 185

Coast defence ships, 161, 182

Cochrane, Admiral, and Chili, 88

“Cogs,” 43

Coles, Capt., 146, 150, 160-1

Combination of central battery and barbettes or turrets, 174

Commerce destroyers, 256

Complete protective steel deck, 258

Composite vessels, 185

Conning towers, 166

Contest between guns and armour, 283

Copper:

fastenings, 62;

sheathing, 256

Coracles, 15

Cordite, 273

Corvettes, 256

Cost of warships:

Queen Elizabeth’s time, 57;

present day, 250, 251

Crimean campaign, 104, 114, 115

Cruisers:

Classified, 255;

duties of, 253;

last British with square sails, 254;

retention of sails advocated, 254;

cruiser-battleships, 254, 255, 261, 262;

in Russo-Japanese War, 254;

great speed of Dreadnought-cruiser, 255;

steel and iron, wood sheathed, 257;

first protected cruiser, 208, 258;

armoured cruisers, 258, 260, 261;

protected cruiser preferred by Admiralty, 258;

protected cruisers, 259;

armoured replace protected cruisers, 260;

“Town” class, 261;

cruisers developed from battleships, 261;

belted cruisers, 261;

powerful Japanese, 263;

fast German, 253

Crusades, 20

Culverins and demi-culverins, 74

Cupola ship, 194

Danes, 16

Decked Western vessel (first), 18

Decks:

nickel steel, 260;

plated, 164, 165;

protective, 146, 164

Denmark introduces turret system, 151

Denny (Dumbarton), 310

Depressible guns, 84

Destroyers, 285;

why necessary, 305;

requirements, 306;

earliest British, 306;

famous builders, 306;

increasing speed, 306;

first turbine destroyer, 308;

coastal destroyers, 308;

for Australian Commonwealth, 310;

fighting and sea-going qualities, 310;

fuel consumption and range of action, 310;

British and German rival types, 310-1

Ditchburn and Mare, 94, 99, 118

“Double-built” ship, 54

Double canoes, 24, 29

Double turret and central battery combined, 244

Dreadnought:

Why designed, 240;

revised gun arrangements, 245;

forerunners of, 251;

hitting power at long range, 252;

Dreadnought cruisers, 262;

how all big gun one-calibre ships came about, 312;

secrecy as to the Dreadnought, 313;

fighting value compared with other types, 313;

absence of secondary armament, 314;

official description, 314-5-6;

turbines, 316;

radius of action, 316;

officers’ quarters forward, 316;

armament and broadside, 316;

Orion’s armament and broadside, 316;

other super-Dreadnoughts, 317-9;

arrangement of turrets and guns, 319;

other nations adopt the type, 325, 326;

Invincible’s speed, 253, 255

Dromons built at Southampton, 43

Dudgeon, J. and W., 148-50

Dudgeon’s twin screws, 242

Duels between warships:

Merrimac--Monitor, 128 et seq.;

Alabama--Kearsarge, 141;

Anglo-American, 61;

between armoured and wooden ships, 205, 206

(see also Huascar, etc., 205-7)

Dug-outs, 21, 24, 29, 32

Dyak head-hunters’ canoes, 34

Dynamite gun, 224

Earlier and later Dreadnoughts compared, 261

Early four-masted ship, 44, 47

East India Company, 76, 91

East Indiamen, 77

Elder, John, inventor of circular ships, 181

Elevated platforms, 20

Elongated shell (Stevens’), 86, 87

Elswick, 178, 179, 258

Engagement between fleet and barge, 199

English and French guns compared, 277

Ericsson, John, offers Monitor, 128;

and British Admiralty, 92, 131, 138;

guns, 93, 128, 139;

offer to France, 110

(see also Monitor)

Engines:

Side-lever superseded by direct acting, 101;

American oscillating beam engines, 101;

necessity of placing machinery below the water level, 102, 103;

Penn’s oscillating cylinder, 102;

Maudslay’s double cylinders, 102, 107;

horizontal engines, 103;

Penn’s trunk engines, 103;

supersession of trunks by high-pressure steam, 103;

surface condensation, 104;

compound engines, 104;

cylindrical boilers, 104;

Maudslay’s “Siamese” engine, 98;

improved vertical compound engine, 179;

internal combustion, 304;

turbines, 262, 307, 308

Eskimo kayak, 23

Euphrates boats, 6, 15

Evans, Admiral Robley D., 232

Extravagant theories, 145

Fairbairn, 100

False bows and sterns, 184

Farragut, Admiral, 134, 135, 139

Fighting castle, 20

Figure-head hinged as gun-port, 185

Fijian canoe, 30

Firearms introduced by Moors, 39

First armour-plated ship to enter Pacific, 192

First automobile torpedo fired in war, 201

First British warship with Harveyised steel armour, 248

First Clyde-built steam frigate, 100

First ironclad built at Hull, 204

First iron-screw British steamer, 94

First iron sea-going propeller steamer constructed in United States of America, 123

First iron warship, 91

First iron war steamer in action, 91

First modern protected cruiser, 208

First protected cruiser, 258

First sea-going ironclad, 118

First steam warship to round Cape Horn, 88

First steel battleship for British Navy, 244

First twin screw ocean-going ironclad, 150

First war steamers in battle, 95

Floating batteries, 109, 110, 111;

armament and sails, 111;

given two screw propellers, 111;

wooden-built and armoured, 112;

iron-built, 112;

French attack on Kinburn forts, 112;

victory of armoured batteries, 112;

armour unpierced, 113;

Admiral Popoff’s floating fortresses, 180

Floating castle, 175

Floating hells, 76

Forced draught invented, 86

Fore River Co., 311

Forty-banked ships, 7

Franco-Prussian War: Fight between gunboats Bouvet and Meteor, 211

Freeboard, 163;

raised by sunk forecastle, 164;

high, 252

French and Dutch two-and three-deckers, 57

French Emperor and Ericsson, 109

French rifled breech-loading guns, 275

Frigates, 57, 59, 91, 95

Fulton, Robert, 82, 291

Galleys first with guns, 42

Garrett, 299 (see Submarines)

German warships for Turkey, 74

Germany’s modern Navy begun, 194

Gibson’s Report on the Navy (1603), 72

Gokstad ship, 16

Grappling irons, 6

Great ships, 43

Greater space between decks, 55

Greek fire, 11, 39, 289

Greeks as warship builders, 7

Grenville, Sir Richard, 206

Griffiths’ propeller, 125, 147

Gunboats, 241;

shallow river, 90;

in action, 113

Gun carriages, improvements in, 119, 126 (see Carronades)

Gunfire at Tsushima:

Japanese effective range, 237;

Russians’ shorter range, 238;

proportion of Japanese hits over Russian, 238;

concentration of rapid fire, 238

Gunfire, modern:

range, rapidity and weight, 322, 323;

discharge, 281;

internal pressure, 281;

Sir Andrew Noble’s experiments, 281

Gunports: Too near water, 49 higher, 147, 252

Head-hunters’ war canoes, 26, 31, 34

Henry V., naval progress under, 43

High displacement barbette ships, 248

High freeboard barbette type, 247

Hogging and sagging, 10

Howitzers, 189

Huascar:

Dimensions, armour and armament, 201;

mutiny, 201;

duel with British cruisers Shah and Amethyst, 201, 202;

surrender to Peruvian Government, 202;

re-boilered, 203;

rams and sinks Esmeralda, 205;

nearly torpedoes herself, 204

Human heads fired from cannon, 73

Human trophies on war canoes, 25

Hurricane at Samoa: H.M.S. Calliope’s struggle for the open sea; six American and German warships wrecked, 257

Iliad catalogue, 2

Importance of accurate gunfire, 158

Improvised warships, 114

(see American Civil War)

Increased range of gunfire, 194

Indian war canoes, 22

Infernals, 58

Internal combustion engines, 304

Iron armour, 83

Ironclad, first ship designed, 81

Ironclad rams in action (see Tennessee, Merrimac, Monitor; also Terribile and Formidabile), 153

Ironclads, conversion from wooden ships, 146;

first European in action, 152

Iron-framed vessels, 138

Iron shipbuilding advocated, 90

Iron war steamers: H.M.S. Trident, first ever built, 99

Italian fleet at Lissa, 152

Japanese:

Junks, 37;

protected galleys, 37;

modern ships:

first ironclad frigate, 233;

first built by Japan, 234

(see Tsushima)

Kane, Captain, 257

Keel, steel built, 165

Kinburn, 108;

problems created by failure of attack, 108;

inauguration of the struggle between guns and armour, 108;

French Emperor favours small ironclads, 109

King Alfred’s ships, 17

King Charles’s ships (1633), 55

Laird, J., 90, 91, 99, 306

Last British paddle frigate, 97

Last British single turret ship, 246

Last British wooden battleship, 116

Legendary expeditions, 2

Letters of marque, 48

Lime dust as missile, 20

Limit of thickness of iron armour, 176

Lowering bulwarks, 151, 172

Low freeboard ships, 160, 244

Maudslay’s, 98, 102, 116

Machine guns, 284

Machines for hurling stones, 39, 40

Main deck battery divided, 174, 175

Malay:

Pirates’ dug-outs, 32;

fighting decks, proa, 33

Mediterranean and Atlantic coast vessels compared, 16

Merrimac:

Steam frigate, 125;

visit to England, 124;

dimensions, 125;

boilers and engines, 125;

equal of any European vessel, 125;

system of construction, 125;

sail area, 125;

heavy armament, 126;

peculiar gun mountings, 126;

burnt by Federals, 127;

raised, altered and refitted by Confederates, 127;

railway-iron armoured casemate, 127;

her destructive trial trip, 128;

duel with Monitor and gunboats, 128, 131, 132, 133, 137;

scuttled by commander, 133

Military mast, 166

Millwall Ironworks, 122

Modern guns and ships in war, 236

Modern heavy artillery construction, 282

Monitor:

Ericsson’s tender, 128;

officials’ interference with plans, 129;

derision and abuse, 129;

change in naval construction inaugurated by, 129;

as ram, 129;

Admiral Porter’s advocacy, 130;

peculiar shape, 131;

narrow escape, 131;

why name chosen, 131;

armament and armour, 131;

duel with Merrimac, 128, 131-3;

steering gear and anchor

out of reach of hostile fire, 133;

lost in rough weather, 133

Monitor:

in Prussian-Danish War, 151;

coast defence, 182;

double turreted, 151, 153;

craze for, 144

Mortar boats, 114

Napier, Sir C., 90

Napoleon I., proposed rescue from St. Helena, 293

Naval artillery: Later developments, 273

Naval corruption, 221

Necessity of armour protection, 146

New Georgia canoes, 31

New Guinea Lakatoi, 29

New Zealand (Maori) war canoes, 25 et seq.

Noble, Sir A., 281

Nordenfeldt, Dr., 299

(see Submarines)

Number of rowers in banked ships, 9

Oblong iron forts on steam rafts, 199

Old ships re-armed, 243

“One-ass power,” 15

Oscillating paddles, 81

Outriggers, 24, 25

Paddles:

Boxes and wheels, objection to, 81, 97;

frigates with, 96, 97, 106;

gunboats in action, 113;

trials against screws, 98;

war steamers with, 95;

war junks with, 35;

sponsons extended to carry cannon, 97

Palliser, Major, 274

Palmer’s, 306

Parodus, 6

Passengers called on to fight, 77

Penn, John, and Sons, 103, 178

Pett, Phineas, 54, 57

Phœnicians’ connection with Britain, 15;

war galleys, 6

Pickled human heads, 49

Pioneer of modern battleship, 244

Portholes, invention of, 42, 49;

plated ports, 120;

reduced size, 120;

diagonal plates, 125

Privateers, 140

Projectiles:

Armour-piercing, 265, 273;

Bessemer steel, 267;

Dutch cheeses, 76;

flat-headed, 268;

human heads, 73;

anti-war shell, 268;

Palliser, 164, 269, 274;

Whitworth, pointed and cylindrical, 274;

studded, 277;

steel, 268;

stone cannon balls, 40;

solid and hollow shot, 126;

resistance of armour to, 322-3;

lead-coated, 274;

velocity, 272;

weight, 274;

elongated shell, 85, 86

Propellers:

Adjustable, 123;

advantages, 148;

Dudgeon’s, 148;

Ericsson’s screw, 92;

Griffiths’, 125, 147;

Smith’s, 92;

Mangin, 122;

twin screws, 138, 148, 173;

adoption by Admiralty, 150;

first British twin screw ironclad, 150;

twin screw in United States of America, 125

Proposal to subject Cerberus to gunfire with crew on board, 184, 185

Protected ships (Japanese), 37

Queen Elizabeth and Navy, 50, 51;

second embassy to Turkey, 53

Rafts, 21

Railway locomotives as marine engines, 106

Raleigh, Sir Walter, as critic, 55

Ram, 5, 6, 7, 10, 119, 172, 190, 205

Ramberges, 44

Range-finding tower, 259

Rapid building, 192, 247

Ratings, 57, 59

Recessed ports, 150, 172

Reed, Mr., afterwards Sir E., 195

Remarkable French ironclads, 190-1

Rennie, J. and G., 94

Report on Royal Navy (1552), 50

Resistance of armour to projectiles, 322-3

Robinson and Russell, 98, 113

Russell, Scott, 90, 120

Russo-Japanese War:

Russian fleet’s departure for the Far East, 236;

British trawlers or Japanese torpedo boats, 236;

Russian fleet’s slow speed, 236;

going to destruction, 236;

Japan’s ships’ superior speed, 237;

Russians reach Japanese waters, 236;

sudden Japanese attack, 237;

Russian ships overloaded and filthy, 237;

Japanese gunnery superior, 237;

Russians defeated in two hours, 237;

Admiral Togo’s objects, incidents of the battle, 239-40

Russo-Turkish War:

Value of torpedo to Russians, 200;

powerful Turkish fleet, 212;

Turkish ships torpedoed, 212-3;

naval encounter, 214

Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 186;

experiments, 187-8

Sailers converted into steamships, 105

Sailing warships with attendant steamers, 95, 107

Sakers, 74

Samoan war canoe, 26

Samuda, 194, 233

“Sappy timbers and rotten planking,” 241

Scouts, combination of gunboat, cruiser and destroyer, 311;

English and American, 311

Sea-fights of the Crusades, 14

Sea-going turret ship, 193

Secondary armaments, 251, 252, 303

Semmes, Capt. R., 140

Seppings, Sir R., 65

Serpentines, 45

Seventeenth century cannon, 74

Screws (see Propellers)

Shark’s-mouth rudders, 149

Shields of basket work, 6, 15

Ships Mentioned:

Aaron Manby, 90

Abyssinia, 183

Achilles, 172

Acorn, 310

Actinaut, 288

Active (1822), 89

Admiral Popoff, 180

Adventure, 60

Adventure (scout), 311

Affondatore, 153

Agamemnon (1853), 105

Agamemnon (1906), 252, 317

Agincourt (1865), 122, 167

Alabama, 141

Albatross, 185

Albatross (1899), 306

Albemarle (Confederate), 134, 286

Alecto, 98

Alexander III. (Russian), 238

Alexandra, 174, 216

Almirante Cochrane, 203, 296

Almirante Condell, 209, 210

Almirante Lynch, 209, 210

Amethyst, 201

Amphion (1895), 253

Antelope (Queen Elizabeth), 52

Archimedes, 92

Arethusa (1895), 253

Ark Royal, 52

Arrogant, 103

Arminius, 194

Ascension (Queen Elizabeth), 53

Assar-i-Chevket, 214

Assar-i-Tewfik, 212

Ataka Maru, 37

Atlanta (Confederate), 133

Atlanta (United States), 222

Audacious, 173

Avni-Illah, 212

Azazieh, 212

Bacchante, 256

Baltimore (United States), 224, 225, 227

Bangor (United States), 123

Barfleur, 260

Basilisk, 99

Battle Animal, 5

Beacon, 216

Beagle, 310

Bellerophon (1865), 148, 163, 172

Bellerophon (1907), 317

Belier, 163

Beloved of Amon, 5

Benbow, 245

Berenguela (Spanish, 1865), 198

Birkenhead, 99, 100

Bittern, 216

Black Eagle, 102

Black Galley, 51

Black Prince (1860), 129, 158

Black Prince (1904), 261

Blanco Encalada, 203, 296 et seq.

Bolivar (Venezuelan), 173

Bombe (1885), 305

Bonaventure, 52

Borodino (Russian), 238, 239

Boston (United States), 222, 227

Boxer, 306

Brilliant (36-gun frigate), 60

Brooklyn (United States, 1862), 140

Brooklyn (United States, 1895), 233

Buenos Ayres (Argentine), 263

Cabral (Brazil), 199

Caledonia (1794), 64

Caledonian, 172

Calliope, 257

Camperdown, 245

Canopus, 250, 260

Captain, 160, 161, 183

Caracon, 46

Castilla (Spanish), 227

Centurion (1897), 248

Cerberus, 183, 184, 185, 243

Charleston (United States), 223

Chesapeake (United States), 60, 61

Chicago (United States, 1883), 222

Christopher Spayne, 43

Collingwood, 317

Colombo (Brazil), 199

Colossus (1882), 244

Colossus (1911), 318, 320

Columbia (United States), 225

Comet (1821), 89

Commerce de Marseilles (French), 63

Comus, 257

Concord (Spanish), 228

Condor, 216

Congreve (French), 109

Conqueror (1882), 244

Conqueror (1911), 262, 318, 319

Constant Warwick, 57

Constellation (United States), 60

Constitution (United States), 60, 61

Courageux, 58

Covadonga (Chilian), 197, 205, 206

Cressy, 261

Cristobal Colon (Spanish), 232

Cushing (United States), 224

Cygnet, 216

Dandolo (Italian), 152, 177

Danton (French), 325

Dantzig (Prussian), 98

Daring, 306

Dartford, 261

David (Confederate), 136, 294

Decoy, 216

Delaware (United States), 325

Demologos, 82

Desperate, 306

De Tygre (Dutch), 193

Devastation (1869), 161 et seq., 176, 243

Dévastation (French, 1854), 109

Devonshire, 260

Diamond (1874), 256

Dictator, 138

Dolphin (United States), 222

Don Antonio de Ulloa (Spain), 229

Doncaster, 81

Don Juan (Austrian), 153

Dover, 93

Drache (Austrian), 153

Drake (1902), 260

Dreadnought (Caledonia), 64

Dreadnought (Queen Elizabeth), 52

Dreadnought (turret), 244, 240, 171, 176

Dreadnought (1906), 240, 313-321

Druid, 185

Duilio (Italian), 152, 177

Duncan, 250, 261

Dunderberg, 189

Duke of Wellington, 105

Dupuy de Lôme, 259

Dwarf, 94

“E,” 304

Edinburgh, 244

Edward, 47

Elburkah, 90

Elizabeth Jones, 52

Encounter, 103

Esmeralda (1865), 197

Esmeralda (1883), 258

Erebus (1854), 112

Ernest Renan, 263

Essex, 60

Faid Gihaad, 97

Far East, 150

Ferdinand Maximilian, 153, 155

Fingal, 133

Flora, 148

Foo-So (Japanese), 233

Formidabile (Italian), 153

Formidable, 250

Foudroyant (French), 109

Fulton the First, 82

Furor (Spanish), 232

Fury, 171

Gabriel Royal, 49

Garry Owen, 91

Gem of the Ocean, 225

George, 51

Glatton (1854), 111

Glatton (1869), 161, 182

Gibraltar (ex Sumter), 141

Gloire (French), 117-20

Glorious in Memphis, 5

Gorgon, 95

Goubet, 300

Grappler, 76

Grace de Dieu, 44

Great Britain, 93

Great Dragon, 17

Great Eastern, 93

Great Harry, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50

Greenock, 101

Guadeloupe, 91

Guerriere, 61

Gymnote, 300

Habsburg, 153

Handig Vlug, 241

Hardy, 274

Hartford (United States), 136

Hatteras, 141

Hebe, 149

Hebe (French frigate), 96

Hecate, 90

Hecla, 90

Hector (1860), 147, 172

Heiligerlee (Dutch), 192

Helicon, 172

Henry, 57

Henry Grace de Dieu, 44

Hercules (1866), 158, 173, 195, 243

Hercules (1911), 318

Hibernia (1790), 62

Holigost, 43

Holland, 295 et seq.

Holy Ghost, 44

Hood (1897), 247, 248, 321

Hornet, 306

Housatonic, 294

Huascar, 200 et seq.

Imperieuse (1881), 258

Inconstant (1869), 181, 257

Indiana, 232

Independencia (Peru), 202-206

Infanta Maria Teresa, 230, 232

Inflexible (1876), 175-8, 216, 241

Inflexible (1907), 261

Invincible, 58

Invincible (1876), 216

Invincible (1907), 253

Iowa, 233

Iris (1878), 253

Iron Duke, 173

Ironsides, 136

Janus, 306

Jesus, 43

Kaifu, 310

Kaiser (Austrian), 153

Kaiser Maximilian, 153

Katahdin, 222

Katherine, 57

Katherine Forteless, 50

Kearsarge, 141

Kearsarge (second), 225

Kentucky, 225

Key-ing, 35

King Edward VII., 251

King George (Greek), 194, 212

Kniaz Suvaroff, 238, 239

Krokodil, 192

Kron Prim, 194

Lady Nancy, 114

Lave (French), 109

Leander, 257

Leicester (galleon), 53

Leviathan, 58

Lightning (1823), 89

Lightning (1876), 302

Lightning (1894), 306

Lion (Queen Elizabeth), 52

Lion (15th century), 49

Liverpool, 261

Long Serpent, 18

Lord Clyde, 147

Lord Nelson, 314, 317

Lutfi-Djelil, 213

Magdala, 183

Magenta (French), 191

Magnificent, 248-50, 261

Mahmoudieh, 212

Maine (1886), 224, 226, 255

Majestic, 248-50, 262, 314, 322

Maori, 310

Marie de la Cordeliere, 45

Mary, 173

Mary Florence, 207, 208

Mary Rose, 49, 50, 52

Mastiff, 274

Megæra, 99

Merchant Royal, 53

Mercury (1878), 253

Mermaid (1842), 94

Merrimac, 124 et seq.

Messoudiye, 175, 212

Miantonomoh, 189

Minos Geraes, 324

Minin, 179

Minneapolis, 225

Minotaur (1865), 122, 147, 148, 158

Minotaur (1906), 261

Mohawk, 308

Moltke, 326

Monarch (1868), 159-61, 183, 216, 244

Monarch (1911), 318-20

Monitor, 92 (see Index)

Monkey, 89

Mouette (French), 113

Mrs. Grand, 50

Mute, 292

Nahant, 133

Naugatuck, 137

Nautilus, 291

Nemesis, 91

Neptune, 103

Neptune (1911), 318-20

Niger, 99

Nile, 244, 246, 321

Nix (Prussian), 113

Nonpareil, 52

Northumberland (1865), 122, 147, 148, 243

Novelty, 92

Novgorod, 180

Numancia (1864), 192, 197, 230

Ocean, 172

O’Higgins, 208

Old Ironsides, 61, 136

Olympia, 227

Onondaga, 190

Oquendo, 230

Oregon, 226, 233

Orel, 238, 239

Orion, 317, 318, 321

Orkanieh, 212

Osliabya, 239

Osmanieh, 212

Pallas (armour plate), 172

Pallas (36-gun frigate), 60

Pelayo, 230

Penelope (1843), 96

Penelope (1867), 150, 216

Peter the Great, 179

Phæton (1897), 254

Phœnix (British), 95

Phœnix (Stevens’), 82

Plongeur, 294

Pluton, 232

Powerful, 259

President (United States), 60

Prince (Prince Royal), 54

Princess Royal, 262

Princeton, 92

Prinz Eugen, 153

Quail, 306

Queen Mary, 262

Rainbow, 52

Raleigh, 227

Ramillies, 292

Rattler, 98

Rattlesnake, 305

Recruit, 113

Re d’Italia, 152

Re de Portogallo, 152

Regent, 45, 49

Reina Cristina, 227

Renown (1897), 248, 260

Research, 172

Resurgam, 295

Retribution, 106

Rhadamanthus, 90

Rio de Janeiro, 262

Rising Star, 88

Roccafortis, 20

Rochambeau, 189

Rolf Kraake, 151

Rossia (1896), 259

Royal Louis, 58

Royal Sovereign (1783), 63

Royal Sovereign (1861), 146, 243

Royal Sovereign (1897), 247, 248, 321

Royal William, 94

Rupert, 244

Rurik (1894), 259

Rurik (1906), 259

Salamander (Austrian), 153

Salamander (Prussian), 113

Salamander (1832), 89

Salem, 311

Sans Pareil, 245

Sapphire (1874), 256

Scorpion, 172

Scourge (United States), 124

Sea Devil (Russian), 294

Seraing, 186

Shah, 201

Shannon, 61

Shannon (1853), 105

Shenandoah (Confederate), 140, 143

Ship of Pharaoh, 5

Simoom, 99

Skeered-o’-Nothing (United States), 324

Southfield, 164

Sovereign, 45, 49

Sovereign of the Seas, 55

Speedwell, 51

Star, 306

Stromboli, 95, 114

St. Vincent (1909), 317

Submarine A1, 296

Success, 76

Sultan, 103, 167, 173

Sumter (Confederate), 140

Superb (1875), 175, 212, 216, 243

Superb (1908), 317

Superbe (French), 58

Swift, 309

Swiftsure (Queen Elizabeth), 52

Tartar, 309

Taureau, 163, 190

Temeraire (1876), 174, 216, 244

Temeraire (1907), 317

Tennessee (Confederate), 134

Terribile (Italian), 153

Terrible (steam frigate), 97

Terrible (1895), 259

Terror (1854), 110

Texas, 224, 225, 233

The Pitt, 76

Thetis, 113

Thunderbolt, 233

Thunderer (1869), 162, 171, 176

Thunderer (1911), 318, 319

Tonnante, 109

Trafalgar (1886), 246, 321

Transporter, 298

Trident, 99

Trinity, 44

Trinity Royal, 43

Triumph (1578), 51, 52

Triumph (1903), 251

Trusty (1854), 111

Tryeright, 51

Tsushima, 263

Turbinia, 306

United States, 60

Valorous, 97

Vanguard (1512), 52

Vanguard (1871), 173

Vanguard (1909), 317

Vesta, 214

Vesuvius, 95

Vesuvius (United States), 224

Victoria (Peruvian), 198

Victoria (Spanish), 230

Victoria (1859), 116

Victoria (1887), 245, 246

Victory, 52

Ville de Madrid, 198

Ville de Paris, 62

Viper, 188

Virginia, 124

Vixen, 188

Vizcaya, 230

Vladimir, 106

Von der Tann, 253

Vulcan, 303

Wampanoag, 256

Warrior, 118, 147, 243

Warspite (1881), 258

Waterwitch, 186

Weehawken, 134

Weser, 113

Whang-Ho, 35

Wyvern, 172

Yarra, 310

Yorktown, 223

Ysabel Segunda, 96

Shortland Island Canoes, 31

Simms, Lieut.-Commander W. S., U.S.N., 237, 312, 314

Slaves as rowers, 11

Sloops, 59

Solomon Island Canoes, 30, 31

Ship of 1486-50, 41

Ship construction:

Longitudinal, 120;

transverse, 120;

longitudinal watertight bulkheads, 171;

brass stern and rudder post, 182;

bracketed frames, 163;

sunk forecastle, 163

(see Freeboard)

“Ship of the Future,” 193

Ships with banks of oars, 7

Siamese native warships, 38

Soft-ended barbette ships, 244

Spanish-American War, 227 et seq.:

American Pacific fleet, 227;

Spanish naval force at Manila, 227;

American and Spanish fleets compared, 228;

Battle of Manila Bay, 228-9;

destruction of Spanish fleet, 229;

American Atlantic fleet, 230;

Spanish fleet, 230;

Admiral Cervera’s complaints, 230;

Spanish dash from Santiago; destruction of Spanish fleet, 230-3;

Admiral Sampson’s 4th July present to the nation, 231

Spanish Armada, 51

Spur gearing, 98, 101, 103

Sponsons as gun platforms, 97

Speed, 202, 236, 237, 238, 239, 253, 302;

rapid firing guns and increased speed, 304;

of destroyers, 306;

with turbines, 308;

objections to high speed, 308;

Invincible and Von der Tann, 254;

former’s speed, how obtained, 255;

speed retarded by marine growths, 257;

importance of, in armoured cruisers, 260;

turbine engines, 262;

length, beam, and speed, 263, 264

Stanhope, Lord, 87

Steam rotated circular fort, 86

Steel:

adopted by United States of America, 222;

protective deck, 146;

supplanting iron, 179, 181;

gradual adoption in warships, 241;

early steel warship, 241;

advantages over iron, 243;

heavy armoured steel ship, 244;

first battleships for British Navy, 244;

single-turreted battleships, 246;

armour 20 inches thick, 246;

Harveyised steel armour introduced in British Navy, 248;

Renown 10-inch armour stronger than Royal Sovereign’s 18-inch armour, 248;

hulls, wood sheathed, 259;

nickel steel armoured deck, 261;

chrome, 276

Steering gear:

protection, 133, 159;

lack of protection, 153;

first warship with steam steering gear, 123

Stevens’ floating battery, 83, 84;

ironclad ram, 138

Stitched canoes, 30;

planks, 21, 28

Stockton, Commodore R. F., 84, 128

Superiority of Dreadnoughts over pre-Dreadnoughts, 262

Swivel guns on paddle steamers, 126

Symonds, Captain, 173

Symonds, Sir W., 66

Submarines:

Hindrance to great speed, 285;

early experiments, 288-90;

diving boat of leather, 289;

friars as inventors, 290;

Abbé Borelli’s experiments, 290;

Bushnell’s American turtle, 291;

Fulton’s Nautilus, 291;

catamarans with floating mines, 291;

Fulton’s Mute, 292;

fatal experiments, 293;

Philipp’s cigar-shaped, 293;

first iron, 293;

Bauer’s submarines, 293;

he visits England and America, 293-4;

Sea Devil sunk, 294;

Davids show possibility of torpedo boats, 295;

Garrett’s Resurgam, 295;

Holland’s boats, 295-6;

adoption by Admiralty, 296;

Classes A to D: dimensions and engines, 297-8;

Japan’s submarines, 298;

steamer sunk to receive them, 298;

steam-engine “bottled-up,” 299;

Nordenfeldts, 299;

first to carry Whitehead torpedo, 299;

Turks and Nordenfeldt, 299;

French experiments with submarines, 300;

periscope, 300, 302;

British submarines’ voyage: England to Hong Kong, 301;

engines for, 301;

“Lake” submarines, 301;

submarine motor tour, 301;

submersibles, 302

Tahitian Pahi, 30

Tatnall, Commodore J., 132, 134

Tatnall, Midshipman Joseph: examination, 221

Targets (see Armour, Artillery)

Tegethoff, Admiral, 154

Thames Ironworks, 118, 194

Thorneycroft’s, 302, 306, 309

Ting, Chinese Admiral, 234-5

Togo, Admiral, 237

Torpedoes:

Spar, 285, 286;

torpedo possibilities compel recognition, 286;

American Civil War, 286;

Whitehead torpedo, 286;

range and speed of modern torpedoes, 287;

torpedo explosives, 288;

steering by “wireless,” 288;

cellular double bottoms as protection against, 152;

employment at Mobile, 139;

French experiments, 151

Torpedo boats:

Destruction of Albemarle, 134;

British and French experiments, 151;

in Russo-Turkish War, 214;

first British, 302;

parent ships, 303;

guns to repel attack by, 303-4;

internal combustion engines, 304

Torpedo gunboats, 305

Torpedo nets, 303

Torpedo tubes, 177, 249

Trials of H.M.S. Devastation (1873), 167

Triple canoes, 29

Tryon, Admiral Sir George, 245

“Tumble-home,” 42

Turret gunboats, 193

Turret rams, 177

Turrets:

Double-turreted ocean-going full-rigged ship, 159;

Captain Coles’s system, 146;

revolving, 146;

disposition of, 146-60;

v. broadside system, 151;

double-turreted monitor, 151;

Monarch and Captain, 161;

en echelon, 244;

oval, 277;

pear-shaped, 174;

Popoff’s, 180;

leaky American, 131;

Russian ships, 179;

turrets on spindles, 131, 163;

Captain Coles’s revolving rollers, 163;

superposed turrets, 225;

American twin turret, 225

Twentieth century ships, 285

Twin-screw steamer (1805), 81

Twin screws (see Propellers)

Two-deckers, etc. (see Ratings)

Ulysses’ ships, 1

Unarmoured ends (see Armour, Concentration of)

United States’ modern navy, 219;

“Antiquated and rotting ships,” 219;

America unprepared for naval war, 219-20;

Navy in 1879, 220;

advisory board, 1881, 222;

steel adopted, 222;

ram Katahdin, 222;

Congress recommendations, 222;

first vessels of new navy, 223;

Europe’s amused interest, 223;

16-knot vessels, Europe’s profound interest, 223;

the White Squadron, 223;

Charleston’s chase of filibusterer Itata, 224;

second-class battleship Texas, 224;

Maine, 224;

dynamite gunship, 224;

first armoured steel torpedo boat, 224;

first modern United States built cruiser, 224;

imported armour, 225;

superimposed turrets, 225;

Maine blown up, 226;

Oregon’s wonderful steaming feat, 226;

inventiveness, 225

(see also Spanish-American War)

Upper-deck battery, 173

Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Ltd., 259, 281

Vikings, 16

Waling pieces, 10

War junks with paddle wheels, 35

Warendorff, Baron, Sweden, 265

Warships built in private yards, 61, 62

Warships of the Crimea and Baltic, 105, 106, 115

Watertight compartments, 121

West Indiamen, 77

When to shoot, 73

White (Cowes), 309

Whitehead torpedoes, 213

Whitworth, Sir Joseph, 267, 276

Windward position (first manœuvre for), 19

Winslow, Capt., 141

Wooden walls’ last battles, 64, 139

Wooden warships converted into ironclads, 146, 147

Will war be impossible?, 268

William the Conqueror’s ships, 18

Yarrow, 303, 306

Yellow, metal, 268

Zalinski, Lieut., U.S.N., 224

Zédé, Gustave, 300

Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C.

FOOTNOTES: