INDEX.

A Abdominal muscles, 66 Acoustics, 97 Adam's apple, 80 Adductors, 82 Air, 48 complemental, 70 quantity of, in lungs, 70 residual, 70 supplemental, 70 tidal, 70 Amateurs, 274 American speech, 146 Americans, pitch of, 224 Antagonists, 53 Anatomy, 35 Art, 17, 272 Artist, isolation of, 254 Artistic, 246 perception, 245 temperament, 31 Arytenoid cartilages, 77 Aspirates, 228 Attack, 30, 125, 127, 208 best tests of a good, 129 good, 127, 232 Auditory messages, 250 Auto-laryngoscopy, 109, 110, 152, 161 B "Backward" production, 213 Bel Canto, 211 Break, 162 Breath, 60, 72 control of, 20, 21 exercise for, 133, 134 in phonation, 130 manner of using, 172, 208 stream, 22, 125, 194 Breathing, 44-73, 118, 124 abdominal, 118 clavicular, 118, 119 deep, 63 diaphragmatic, 118, 119 exercises, 131 mechanism, control of, 120 method of, 64, 177 nose, 131 C Cartilage of Santorini, 77 Wrisberg, 77 Cells, 36 Chest, 50, 62, 71 cavity of, 71 complete control of, 62 position of, in singing, 123 in speaking, 123 Children, public appearance of, 116 register of, 234 Choral singing, 247 Choristers, 256 Circulatory system, 37 Clergyman's sore-throat, 88 Cold, a, 77, 92 prevention of, 93 Color, 214 Composers, 116 Consonant, a, 195, 196 Consonants, 223, 225, 226, 230-235 mouth positions of, 226-228 Corsets, evil effects of, 72 Coup de glotte, 124-127, 139 Cramming, 46 Cricoid cartilage, 77, 81 thyroid, 83, 85 membrane, 81 Curwen, 156 D Dialects, 225, 235 Diameters, 50 Diaphragm, 52, 53, 66, 71 E Ear, 182, 236, 245, 248 connection with mouth cavity, 203 drum-head of, 240 external, purpose of, 240 for music, 244 lack of, 245, 249 inner, 237, 241 middle, 237, 241 musical, 31 outer, 237 purpose of, 238 Ease, 123, 233 English, 198 speech, 146 Epiglottis, 79 Eustachian tube, 241 Execution, 179, 256 Exercises, 131-135, 139 practical, 73 Expiration, 49 Expiratory blast, 60, 68, 88, 103, 177 current, 136, 208 Explosives, 226 Expression, 254 F Falsetto, 154 high, 170, 178 in males, 160, 179 "Feeling-tone", 212 Food, 263 "Forward" production, 213 Fundamental principles, 179-194 application of, 195-206 tone, 231 G Garcia, Manuel, 105, 138, 159 German language, 198 speech, 146 Germans, pitch of, 224 Glide, 258 Glottis, 47, 78, 82, 88, 126, 159 in barytone voices, 157 bass voices, 157 contralto voices, 158 mezzo-soprano voices, 158 tenor voices, 157 ligamentous, 157 H Head, position of, 205 Hearing, 101, 236-250 difference in animals, 101 highest limit of, 102 lower limit of, 102 Helmholtz, 167 Hygiene, 33, 72, 92, 93, 251-275 Hyoid bone, 81, 95 I Illustration of principles, 27, 28 Impulses, 236 Inhibitions, 184 Inspiration, 48, 51, 71 Intonation, 195, 196, 230 correct position for good, 131 Italian language, 198 K Knowledge, principle of, 34 L Larynx, 60, 74-96, 136, 148, 258 anatomy of, 21 as a musical instrument, 102 change in size of, 111 control over, 112 difference in size, 110 growth of, 138 in action, 109 in singing and speaking, 198 muscles of, 81, 95 of the male 138 photography of, 161 physiology of, 21 ventricle of, 80 vibrations of, 96 whole, 94 Laryngoscope, 91, 103, 136 Ligamentous glottis, 157 Lips, 202 Lungs, 49, 63 Lymph, 37 M Mackenzie, Sir Morell, 156, 167, 168 Mara, Madame, range of, 111 Marcato production, 209 Marchesi, Madame, teaching of, 159 Men, register of, 234 Messages, Auditory, 250 Methods, correct, 22, 23 faulty, 32 Middle production, 214 Midriff, see diaphragm Mind, 210 Mirror, use of, 235 Mouth, as a resonance chamber, 221 resonator, 148 cavity, 149 respiration, 131 toilet of, 262 Movements, 192 Muscles, 36, 82 abdominal, 66 Muscular action, 71 mechanism, 42 movements, 179 Music, 243 appreciation of, 247 intellectuality in, 256 intelligence in, 108 interpretation of, 21 Musical artist, 198 ear, 31 prodigy, 243 faculty develops early, 115 faults, 258 sounds, practical range of, 102 tones, 231 Musician, fundamental qualities of, 246 N Nasal chambers, 144, 149, 214 Nasality, 231 Nerve-cells, 38 Nervous centres, 39 impulses, 244, 250 system, 38 Nervousness, 274 Neuro-muscular mechanisms, 17, 42, 181 processes, 183 system, 43 New language, learning of, 224 Noise, 218 O Open mouth, 203, 204, 217 Ordinary speech, 230 Overtones, 231, 235 P Palate, cleft, 149 hard, 149, 213 soft, 145, 214, 216, 231 Phonation, 192, 193 breath in, 130 example of, 193 Physics, principles of involved, 135 Physiological considerations, 34-43 teachings, 26, 31 Piano production, 259 Pillars of the fauces, 145 Pitch, 101, 136, 150, 214 favorite, 273 Portamento production, 258 Practical considerations, 88 Practice, 132, 185-192 best time to, 186, 187 by wrong method, 191 for sustained tone, 132 methods of, 194 Puberty, at, 112, 138 in boys, 114, 115 in girls, 113 Public singing, age to begin, 115 speaking, 212 Pumping, 259 Q Quality, 101, 136, 214 R R and s, interval between, 225 Reed, long, 157 short, 157 Reflex action, 40 Reflexes, associated, 183 protective character of, 58, 59 sets of, 184 Register, 233 change in, 169, 177 chest, 160 definition of, 176 in female voices, 160 of basses and barytones, 170 of tenors, 170 Registers, 151-178 Behnke on, 155, 156, 167 Garcia on, 155 Mackenzie on, 156, 167, 168 Madame Seiler on, 153, 165, 170 Mandl on, 158 Resonance chambers, 102, 136, 140-150, 175, 182, 198, 213, 223, 224, 228, 234 in sounding bodies, 140 of musical instruments, 140, 141 Resonants, 228 Resonator, 148 Respiration, 46, 48, 68, 69 forced, 119 hygiene of, 55 mouth, 131 Respiratory centre, 57, 58, 172 efficiency, 124 organs, 47 system, 37 tract, 26 S Science, 17 Scripture, Prof. 150 Seiler, Madame, 153, 165, 170 Selections in public, 271 Sensations, 172, 174, 175, 178 Septum nasi, 149 Singer, purpose of, 99 range of, 269 Singing, choral, 256 class, 257 fortissimo, 121 good, 259 in schools, 247 Song, elements of, 218-229 Soprano, highest tones of, 137 light, 232 Sound, 60, 97-103, 135, 225 quality of, 102, 246 Tyndall on, 97 volume of, 101, 102, 136 Sounding body, 99 Speaker, purpose of, 99 Speaking, good, 259 Speech, elements of, 218-229 organs of, 233 purity of, 135 Sphincter action, 86 Staccato production, 209 Stammering, 268 Stop-closure, 158 Straining, 86, 175 Straw bass, 88 Stuttering, 268 Style, 254 Swell, 207, 212 T Technique, 23, 179, 183, 185, 186, 254, 255 Teeth, 202 Temperament, 245 Tenors, 232 Throat mirror, 107 sore, 265 Thyro-arytenoideus, 84, 85 hyoid membrane, 81 Thyroid cartilage, 76, 81 Timbre, 136 Tone, 132, 135, 136 carrying power of, 126 color of, 214 ground, 231 head, 160 piano, 233 pitch of, 126 production, 132, 207-217 quality of, 128, 142, 150, 231 the sustained, 208 volume of, 126 Tones, 189 head, 177 highest, 137 lower, 137 quality of, 146 timbre of, 136 upper, 86 Tongue, 131, 145, 149, 214 control of, 202 influence of, 201 Tonsils, 145, 149 Trachea, 81 Tremolo, 128, 258, 259 Tuning fork, 99 U Uvula, 145 V Vibrations, 61, 98, 100, 236 Vibratives, 228 Vibrato, 258 Vital capacity, 71 Vocal athlete, 182 Vocal bands, 87, 103, 126 action of, 137 false, 78 true, 77, 78, 80, 94 vibrations of, 136 cords, false, 95 Madame Seiler on, 154 true, 95 methods, 32 physiology, 17-32 training, early weeks of, 246 Vocalises, 207 Vocalist, ideal, 198 Vocalization, 19, 31 Voice, 44, 254 breaking of, 114 brightening the, 216 carrying power of, 232 darkening the, 216 even, 84 harsh, 232 head, in females, 166 in ill health, 114 loud, 272 placed, 215 position in use of, 206 production, 22, 244 small in volume, 272 user, 17, 33, 46 exercises for, 135 well placed, 175 Voices, classification of, 260, 261 injured, 26 Vowel, a, 195 purity of, 199 sounds, 196, 197, 216 Vowels, adaptation of, to ideas, 222 and consonants, 230, 235 dark, 235 formation of, 218-221 low-pitched, 235 mouth positions of, 218 perfect sound of, 221 pitch of, 221, 225, 230 quality of, 221 W Wagner, 257 Whispering, 225, 226 Women, register of, 234