INDEX.

A

Abaris, the flying arrow of, 40

Africa, coast of, known to the Phenicians, 48

Agriculture, an honourable profession, 397 of Pe-tche-lee, 554 of Shan-tung, 554 of Kiang-nan, 561 terrace system of, 568

Air sung by Chinese boatmen, 81

Almanack, national, 284

Almeyda, a Portuguese Jesuit, malignant spirit of, 19

Alphabet of the Mantchoo language, 272

American Indians resemble the Chinese, 44 traders, how considered at Canton, 593

Amplification, Chinese example of, 36

Ancients unacquainted with China, 435

Anniversary of the Emperor of China's birth-day, 196

Anson's voyage, character of Chinese in the account of, 27

Antiquary, curious mistake of one, 258

Appeal, none in civil causes, 277

Arbitrary power, instance of, 85

Arch, very ancient in Chinese architecture, 339 those called triumphal, 95

Archipelago of Chu-san, violent currents in, 54

Architecture of the palace of Yuen-min-yuen, 124 style of, in landscape gardening, 135 general observations on, 330 monumental, 339

Arithmetic, 196

Armenian and his pearl, 611

Army establishment, 405 how employed, 408

Astronomy, 284 ignorance of the Chinese in, 290

Authority, parental, basis of Chinese government, 359

B

Baboom, an Armenian, trick played by him at Canton, 612

Bamboo, the practice of flogging with, instanced, 161 general utility of this plant, 309 reflexions on the punishment of, 380 compared with that of the knout in Russia, 383

Bedford, Duke of, his portrait in China, 115

Beverage of life, 464

Bishop of Pekin, his visit to Yuen-min-yuen, 110

Books, ancient ones of China, 276

Breakfast, Chinese, 89

Briareus of China, 471

Bridges, 337 one of ninety-one arches, 520

Budha, compared with Fo, 468

Burying-ground, 497

C

Calendar, national, an engine of government, 391

Camellia Sesanqua, 536

Camelopardalis, noticed by Marco Polo, 46

Canal, Imperial, 335 observations on, 506-512

Cannon, 299

Canton, reasons for the Embassy avoiding it, 33 situation of foreigners trading to it, 610

Carriages of the Chinese described, 90 those made by Hatchett puzzle them, 113

Cavalry, Tartar, 410

Censorate, 363

Ceremony of the Court, 21

Chain-pump, 311

Character, physical, as given by Linnæus not correct, 184 moral, of Chinese and Tartars, 186

Characters of the Chinese language, 248 keys or roots of, 251 examples of the composition of, 255

Chastity, palace of, 235

Chemical Arts, 298

Checks to the absolute power of the Emperor, 362

Children still-born exposed in the streets, 176

Chou-ta-gin, 70

Chou-ta-gin, kind attentions of, 604

Christian Religion might once have been introduced, 449

Churchmen, intrigues of, not easily obviated, 18

Cingalese, of Chinese origin, 53

Cities of China, walls, towers, and gates of, 91 observations on, 500

Cleanliness no part of the Chinese character, 77

Cock-fighting, 159

Coffins, splendid appearance of, 95

Collieries, 594

Commerce of the Yellow Sea, how carried on, 60

Comedy described, 201 extraordinary scene in one, 221

Comparison of China and Europe, 29 of a Chinese and a Hottentot, 49

Compass, an original invention of Chinese, 39 observations on, 61 explanation of the circles on, 62

Conclusion, 621

Conduct of Chinese prepossessing, 80

Confucius, religion of, 451 no statues to the memory of, 458 hall of, 459

Cork Convent, 597

Corvorant, the fishing, 506

Cottons, manufactures of, 307 cultivation of the plant, 556

Court of China, forms of, immutable, 21 manners and amusements of, 191

Crimes and punishments, 367

Criminal offences, mode of trial for, 370

Crowd of persons at Ting-hai, 57 at Tien-sing, 78 at Tong-tchoo, 86 in Pekin, 96

Cruelty, instance of, 161

Crystal lenses, 341

Cuckoo-clocks, 181

Currents, violence of, in Chu-san Archipelago, 54

Custom respecting Embassadors, 22

Customs and dress not subjects of ridicule, 74

Cycle of sixty years, 293

D

Daughters always sold, 145

Day of rest, policy of observing one, 154

Decimal Arithmetic, 297

Deity not personified in China, 457

Deluge, universal tradition of, 432

Deodato, an Italian missionary, 107

Departments, public, 365

Descartes, his idea of prolonging life, 466

Dignities, personal, 385

Dispositions, natural, altered by influence of laws, 160

Distillation of Seau-tchoo, 303

Drama, state of the, 218 extraordinary subject of one, 222 obscenities of, compared to those of Theodora, 223 absurdities of, similar to those of the amphitheatres, 224

Dress of the Chinese, 71

Dutch Embassadors, humiliating conduct of, 9 their missions not calculated to make terms, 13

Duties levied at Canton, 613

E

Ebriety, not a Chinese vice, 152

Eclipse of the moon, observance of, 216 ceremony on occasion of, 285

Egpytian mythology in China explained, 424 deities compared with Chinese, 477

Embassador, English, proceeds to Gehol, 104 refuses to submit to the ceremony, 117 his introduction at court, 196 his hotel in Pekin, 332

Embassadors, Dutch, treatment of, at Canton, 9 lodged in a stable at Pekin, 11 reception of, at court, 208 visit Yuen-min-yuen, 215

Embassies, Dutch and English, different treatment of, explained, 17 from Europe in the last century, 23

Embassy, English, a necessary measure, 22 attention of the Chinese to, 604 expence of, to the Chinese government, 605 expence of, to the British government, 608

Emperor of China laughs at Van Braam's aukwardness, 13 considers Embassadors as his guests, 22 an observation of, 104 obeisance to, on his birth-day, 116 inspects the presents, 119 life and character of, 226 causes the death of his Empress and son, 226 conceives the deity to be incarnate in him, 228 his ode in praise of tea, 280 observations of, on the mechanical powers, 312 maxims on which he acts, 360 checks to the absolute power of, 362 patronizes agriculture, 399 instances of gratitude in, 482

Encyclopedists, French, their testimony of the Chinese character, 26

Espirit des Loix, false conclusions drawn in, 148

Etymological deductions fallacious, 241

Eunuchs, bad character of, 230

Expence of the Embassy, to the English and Chinese governments, 605

Eye of the Chinese remarkable, 49

F

Face of the country near the Pei-ho, 70

Failure of the Embassy, supposed reason of, stated, 8

Famines attempted to be explained, 584

Feet distorted of Chinese women, 73 not noticed by early travellers, 75 difficult to account for, 76

Feasts, 155

Ferry-girls, 595

Fevers, contagious, not frequent, 349

Filial duty, a precept rather than a sentiment, 143

Fire-works described, 206

Fishing, various modes of, 533

Fishermen, condition of, 558

Fo religion of, 468

Formosa, strait of, 34

Four seas, an ancient expression, 14

Fo-shee, the lines of, 277

Franciscan convent in Madeira, 598

Fruit-trees, how propagated, 569

Funerals, 483

G

Games of Chance, 157

Ganesa compared with Janus and Men-shin, 469

Ganga compared with Egyptian and Chinese deities, 472

Gardening, general account of, by Lord Macartney, 131

Gardens of Yuen-min-yuen, some account of, 122

Gates of Chinese cities, 92

Gehol, appointed for the celebration of the birth day, 104 park of, described by Lord Macartney, 126

Geological observations, 429

Geometry and geography little understood, 295

Gill's sword-blades, acceptable presents, 113

Giraffe, or Camelopardalis, noticed by Marco Polo, 46

Glass, 305

Government, the pride of, 20 stability of, accounted for, 359

Governor of Chu-san, arbitrary proceeding of, 49

Grammar of Chinese language, 267

Grammont, Monsieur, his letter to the Dutch, 7

Great Britain and China, compared as to their extent and population, 576

Gunpowder, 300

H

Hager, Doctor, remarks on the publication of, 239 mistake of, 253

Hang-tchoo-foo, alarm created in, by three Englishmen, 526

Hatchett's carriages puzzle the Chinese, 113

Herodotus approves the custom of selling women, 140

Hieroglyphical writing, Chinese characters different from, 237

Hills of Pe-tche-lee, character of, 64

Hindoo and Chinese features totally different, 427

History of China, why so little known, 357

Homer degrades women, 140

Homicide punished with death, 368

Honour, high notions of, incompatible with despotism, 179

Ho-tchung-tang, the minister, anecdote of, 183 trial and condemnation of, 387

Hottentots, resemblance of, to the Chinese, 48 portrait of one, compared with Chinese, 50

Humiliation of the Dutch Embassadors, 9

I

Ice, a luxury enjoyed by the poor near Pekin, 109

Idolatry, one cause of, 485

Jewish law punishing children for their fathers, 375

Jews might have carried the silk worm to China, 437 remarks on these people, 438

Immortals, sons of, a sect in China, 463

Imprisonment not known as a punishment, 378

Incense burnt before the Chinese compass, 42

Infanticide, remarks on, 168 extent of, in China, 169 common among the ancients, 171 probable causes of, 173

Inns, none in China, 421

Inscription on the flags of the yachts, 69 those on monuments, 326

Inundation, 515

Jones, Sir William, his opinion of the Chinese, 27 of their arts, sciences, &c., 356

Ireland, peasantry of, compared with those of China, 578

Iron-ware, 298

Italian opera, Chinese drama a burlesque on, 219

Ivory, cutting of, 308

K

Kamskatka, known to the Chinese, 14

King of Holland, Emperor's letter addressed to, 43

L

Lake of Hang-tchoo-foo, 523

Lama, religion of, in China, 464

Language, Chinese written character of, 236 method of studying, 259 colloquial, 264 number of words in, 265 grammar of, 267 Mantchoo Tartar, 270 sooner lost than religious opinions, 405 inconvenience attending our ignorance of, at Canton, 615

Lanterns, feast of, 484

Law, one of an extraordinary nature, 165 effects of this law, 166 a curious case of, 373

Laws, code of, 366

Lens of Mr Parker, 342

Leibnitz, binary arithmetic of, 277

Letter of M. Grammot to the Dutch factory, 7 of the Emperor of China to the King of Holland, 14

Literature, 274

Lowang, one of the Chu-san islands, 36

Lowther-hall, grounds of, compared to the park of Gehol, 134

M

Macao, surmise with regard to, 20

Macartney, Lord, his account of Chinese gardening, 126 of the birth-day ceremonies, 196 his observations on the Tartars and Chinese, 415

Madagascar, a people on, resembling the Chinese, 45

Madrid, strange notion of the inhabitants of, 99

Mahomedans visit China in the ninth century, 47 get into the interior in the thirteenth century, 442

Malays of Scythian origin, 51

Man-midwives, none in China, 353

Manners of domestic life, 142 a concern of the legislature, 178 and amusements of the court, 191

Mansfield, Lord, his observation on early risers, 229

Mantchoo Tartars, probably a mixed race, 185 a language of, 270 policy of, 412

Manure, an article of commerce, 84

Marco Polo, supposed to have brought the compass from China, 40

Match-locks, why preferred to firelocks, 411

Mechanical powers, 311

Medicine, state of, 344

Meetings of the people rare, 396

Merchants, how considered in China, 180

Micare digitis, a Roman game, 158

Michael de Murano, chart in the church of, 47

Military, establishment of, &c., 405 curious manœuvre of, 504

Minister of State, miserable lodgings of, 10

Missionaries, remarks on the communications of, 3-28-31 accompanied by spies when they visited the English, 105 story of an infant saved by one, 174 condition of those in the capital, 445 unjustly accuse the Chinese of superstitions, 462 cause their own persecutions, 446

Mollusca-medusa, an article of food, 55

Mongul Tartars, benefit derived by their conquest of China, 43

Monuments, inscriptions on, 329 erected over the dead, 340

Mountains ascended for religious purposes, 451 nature of those of China, 599

Music, 314 specimens of, 318

Musical instruments, plate of, 315

N

Nations, who had early intercourse with China, 440

Navigation of the Yellow Sea unknown, 33 of the Chinese unskillful, 38 inland, improved by the Tartars, 43

Nautical Almanack, a valuable present to the missionaries in Pekin, 112

Nelumbium, or water lilly, 473

New-year's-day, the only holiday in China, 155

Noah, supposed by the Jesuits to have travelled into China, 433 ark of, where it probably rested, 432

O

Oar song of the Chinese, 81

Oath, form of, among the Chinese and Sumatrans, 52 never administered in a Chinese court of law, ib.

Objects that occur in China, 4

Occurrences in the Yellow Sea, 25

Office obtained only by learning, 386 of government, civil, 404 military, 406

Officers of Canton, conduct of, towards the Dutch, 10

Opium much used in China, 153

Opthalmia, 351

Ornamental buildings in landscape gardening, 129

Orphan of China, remarks on, 220

P

Pagodas, observations on, 503

Paine, Tom, his doctrines too sublime for the Chinese language, 396

Painting, 323

Palaces of China worse than Saint James's, 194

Pantomime described, 203

Paper, manufacture of, 310

Park of Gehol described by Lord Macartney, 129

Pauw, his opinion of the Chinese, 27

Peasantry, condition of, 310

Pearl, story of one belonging to an Armenian, 611

Pei-ho, entrance of, 68 second embarkation on, 488

Pekin, approach to, 91 some account of, 93 uncommon bustle in the great streets of, 96 populace of, compared with that of London, 97 police of, 100 uniformity of, 101 hotel of the British Embassador in, 103 appearance of, from Hai-tien, ib. hue and cry raised in, 120 gazette of, 391 contrasted with London, 420 prices of provisions in, 549 buildings and population of, compared with those of London, 581

Perouse de la, his account of a people resembling Chinese, 44

Pilots, difficulty of procuring them at Chu-san, 58

Plants, in Pe-tche-lee, 493 near Hang-tchoo-foo, 525 near Canton, 601

Plough, ceremony of, compared with the Isia, 487

Poetry, 280

Polarity of the magnet known to the Scythians, 41

Police of Pekin, 100

Polo Marco, valuable testimony of, 35

Polygamy an evil of small extent, 147

Population of floating craft, 84 and extent of China, 575 compared with those of Great Britain, 576 as given by Father Amiot, 582

Populousness of China, causes of, 587

Poor laws, none, 401

Porcelain, 304

Portraits of a Chinese and Hottentot, 50 among the presents, difficulty respecting, 114

Portuguese missionary, intrigues of, 18

Posture-masters, feats of, 204

Potatoes a certain crop, 585

Poverty of the Chinese, 495

Predestination, 454

Present of the governor of Ten-tchoo-foo, 65

Present of the officers deputed from court, 67

Press, liberty of, in China, 392

Prince of the blood, anecdote of, 182

Printing, 311

Procession from Tong-tchoo to Pekin, 85 of, 146

Property not secured by law, 177 laws respecting, 379

Prophecy, folly of being guided by, 456

Pulse, 345

Punishments, capital, not frequent, 378

Puppet-shew described, 201

Q

Quacks, tricks of, 347 great pests in England, 465

Quarries of stone, 598

R

Red-book, Chinese, 405

Religion, primitive, of China, 450 no longer exists, 486

Religious opinions, difficult sometimes to explain, 423

Revenues, 403 application of them, 407 vessels to collect them, 534

Rice erroneously supposed to cause opthalmia, 351 the staff of life in China, 547 mill for cleaning, 565 a precarious crop, 586

Road from Tong-tchoo to Pekin, 91

Roads neglected in China, 513

Romans, amphitheatres of, 224

Russia and China compared, 324

S

Sabbatical institution, none in China, 154

Sacrifices, 509

Salt, stacks of, near Tien-sing, 78 remarks on the use of, 510

Salutation, mode of, 108 expressions of, mark a national character, 189

Sameness throughout China, 5

Savages, custom of maiming the human body among, 73

Scenic representations of the Romans, 224

Scythians probably acquainted with the polarity of the magnet, 40

Scorpion, remarkable circumstance concerning one, 114

Scott, Doctor, saves a man from being buried alive, 165

Sculpture, 328

Seres not the same as Chinese, 436

Shing-moo, or holy mother, 473

Ships of the Chinese, 37

Silk, probably known to the ancients, 437 cultivation of, 571

Simplicity the leading feature of the Chinese, 312

Skating, amusement of, 211

Small-pox, when introduced, 450

Snake, bite of, how cured, 348

Society, state of, 138 domestic, 151

Soffala, Chinese found at, 45

Song of Moo-lee-wha, 316

Streets of Pekin, 94

Steam, effects of, known to the Chinese, 298

Sugar-mills, 539

Suicide seemingly encouraged, 178

Surgery, state of, 353

Sumatrans of Chinese origin, 51

Sword-blades of Gill much admired, 113

Swan-pan, 296

T

Tan, or Chinese altar, 452

Tao-tze, or immortals, sect of, 466

Tapers burnt on altars, 481

Tartar women, dress of, 97 Mantchoo, scarcely distinguishable from Chinese, 184

Tartary, heights of, remarks on, 438

Taste, 331

Taxes, moderate, 400 fixed, 402

Tcho-ka, an island in the Tartarian sea, 44

Tea a supposed preventive of certain disorders, 350

Tea-plant, trick played by the Chinese concerning, 538 observations on the culture of, 572

Temple, Embassy lodged in a, 421 in a cavernous rock, 596

Terrace system of agriculture, 530

Ten-tchoo-foo, present of the governor of, 65

Tien-sing, approach to the city of, 71

Ting-hai, visit to the city of, 57

Ting-nan-tchin, name of the Chinese compass, 40

Titsingh Dutch Embassador to Pekin, 9

Towers of the walls of Pekin, 91

Trackers of the yachts pressed into this service, 162

Trade discouraged, 399 how conducted at Canton, 610

Tranquillity, internal, 395

Travellers see objects differently, 3

Treason punishable in the 9th generation, 372

Trial of an English seaman for killing a Chinese, 618

Tribunal of Mathematics, 110 some account of, 111

Ty-phoon, what, 34 strength of one, 41

Tyrus, commerce of, described by Ezekiel, 48

V

Van Braam, application of, to Batavia, 8 happy turn of mind of, 13 his account of an Imperial banquet, 210

Vanity, national, of the Chinese, 189

Van-ta-gin, 70 kind attentions of, 604

Varuna compared with Neptune and Hai-vang, 470

Venereal disease not common, 352

Viceroy of Canton, haughty conduct of, 10 swallows his snuff-box, 179

Villa belonging to the Emperor, 102

Virgin Mary and Shing-moo compared, 472

Vishnu compared with Jupiter and Lui-shin, 470

Visiting Tickets very ancient in China, 190

Visitors at Yuen-min-yuen, 110

Vocabulary, brief one of Chinese words, 243

Volcanic products not found in China, 600

Vossius, Isaac, his opinion of the Chinese, 26

W

Wall of China, 333 of Pekin, 91

Watch made by a Chinese, 306

Wealth expended to pamper the appetite, 552

Weather, stormy in the Streight of Formosa, 34

Wheel to raise water, 540

Women, dress and appearance of, at Tien-sing, 72 Tartar commonly seen in the capital, 97 reflexions on the condition of, 138 condition of in China, 140 employments of, 143 on the Imperial establishment, 234 not prohibited from frequenting temples, 480 of Sau-tchoo-foo, appearance of, 517 articles of sale, 518 course features of those of Kiang-see, 541

Words, number of, in the Chinese language, 265

Y

Yachts, trackers of, 501

Yellow Sea, observations on, 25 commerce of, 60 river, ceremonies used in crossing, 509

Yuen-min-yuen, miserable apartments at, 108 gardens and buildings of, 122

THE END.

Printed by A. Strahan, Printers-Street.