INDEX

Abderrahman Sadi el Timbucti, author of Tarik é Sudan, life of, 312-313;

the plan of his work, 313-315, 316.

Abou Abdallah, 280-281.

Abu Abdallah ben Abderrahim, 287.

Ahmadou Abdoulay, 139.

—— Ahmadou, last King of the Foulbes, 138, 139, 140, 340.

—— Baba Boubakar, 310.

Ahmed Baba, life of, 306-310;

his books, 309, 312, 318.

Akil, takes refuge in Oualata, 236.

Alpha Moussa, 148.

Amru, the Arabian conqueror, on Egypt, 41-42.

Arabian language, spread of, in the Sudan, 276-277.

—— traders of Timbuctoo, 264-266.

Archinard, Colonel, 71, 72, 140, 148, 172, 321, 352;

his march on Timbuctoo, 353.

Askia Bankouri, 118-119.

—— Daoud, 120.

—— El Hadj II., 120, 124.

—— Ishak I., 120, 123, 124.

—— Ishak II., 120, 124, 126, 127;

death of, 128.

—— Ismael, 119-120.

—— Kaghou, 128.

—— Mohammed, 109-117;

his devotion to Islamism, 109;

pilgrimage to Mecca and Cairo, 110;

conquests of, 111-113;

extent of his empire, 113;

wise administration of, 114-116;

deposed by his son, 117;

death of, 120, 121.

—— Mohamman Ban, 120.

—— Moussa, 117-118, 304.

Aube Expedition, graves of the, 199.

Badoumba, 14.

Bafing river, 2.

Bafoulaba, 2, 4.

Baga, or bamanbi, or cheese-tree, 60-61.

Bakoy, 2, 9.

Bambaras, 129.

Bammaku, Fort, 2, 9, 50, 56, et seq.;

its principal articles of commerce, 61, 68, 322.

Bani river, 33, 50, 51, 143-145.

Bankouri, 289.

Barth, 36, 89, 95, 98, 139, 143, 215, 312, 324, 329, 337-344;

as English Ambassador, 344-349, 350, 351.

Berbers, the, 113;

origin and history, 223-227.

Birds of the Niger, the, 28-29.

Boiteux, Lieutenant, 321.

Bonci-Ba (‘the great beard’), name given to Mungo Park, 36, 322.

Bonnier disaster, the, 199.

Borgnis-Desbordes, Colonel, 57, 72, 140, 321.

Bosos or Somnos, the sailors of the Niger, 18;

their origin, 19;

their physical qualities, 22-23, 38, 39, 80, 81, 82.

Bourgoo, Pool of, 51.

Bossissa, on the results of the French conquest, 76-78.

Brick-making in the Sudan, 148-150.

Bruc, André, 321.

Caillié, René, 8, 36, 329;

his career, 330-334;

his host and his house at Timbuctoo, 334-337, 342.

Camel, cost of hire of, from Morocco to Timbuctoo, 251 n. 12.

‘Captain Nigote’s servant,’ 5.

Chad, Lake, 195.

Cheikou Ahmadou, 37, 68, 134-137, 138, 139, 156;

his reasons for destroying the great mosque at Jenne, 158-160, 240;

trickery of, 304.

Clarendon, Lord, letter from, to the Sheik el Backay, 345-346.

Colbert, 321, 352.

Commissariat in the French Nigerian possessions, 12-14.

Convoy from Kabara to Timbuctoo, 203-207.

Cotton district of the Niger, 65.

Crocodile worship at Jenne, 181-182.

Dai, 201.

—— Pool of, 195, 196.

Dakar, the port of Senegal, 1, 70.

Debo, Lake, 27, 30, 33, 51, 145.

Deltas of the Niger, 51-53.

Diafaraba, 50, 51.

Dialliaman, 90 et seq.;

his successors, 99.

Dia Soboï, 100.

Diatigui, or landlord, his duties, 260.

Difficulty of procuring books in Timbuctoo, my, 289.

Dioubaba, 2, 5;

journey from, to Bammaku, 9-16.

Dioulas, 10-11.

Dissas, 246.

Djonder, Pasha, 126, 127, 128.

Doves, respect paid to, at Jenne, 182.

Egypt, the ‘present of the Nile,’ 41.

—— influence of Ancient, on the Sudan, 87-88, 95-97, 111, 188.

Egyptian art, characteristics of, in the houses at Jenne, 150-153.

—— Customs, disappearance of, among the Songhois, 180.

El Backay, 139;

his house, 215, 343; 337, 340, 341;

letters from Lord Clarendon and English Consul to, 345-348, 349, 350.

—— Bekri, quoted, on funeral customs, 194.

—— Djouf, 252.

—— Hadj, 281.

—— —— Omar, 59, 67, 68, 76, 138, 140, 141, 172, 240, 349, 350.

—— Ibtihadj, 309.

—— Mansour, Sultan, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 307.

—— Moucheïli, on Sunni Ali, 104-107, 295;

his persecution of the Jews, 298-299;

influence with the King, 299, 301.

—— Oual Hadj, 31, 51, 191, 193;

mounds at, 193-195.

—— Zidan Sultan, 310.

England, efforts of, to gain a footing in Western Africa, 325, 331, 352.

English methods in the Sudan, 345.

Essoyouti, 110, 136.

Faidherbe, Captain, his attempts to reach the Niger, 15, 71.

—— General, Governor of the Niger, 350.

Farannah, 14.

Fatassi, the, 137, 302, 304;

anecdote of, 303-304.

Fires the black man’s method of manuring, 39.

Flatters Mission, the, 15.

Foota Jallon range, 9, 29, 42, 50.

Fording the stream to Timbuctoo, 205.

Foulbe dynasty, their detestation of Europeans, 139.

Foulbes, the, 129, 133-134, 135, 137, 140, 141, 147.

French arms, disaster to, near Timbuctoo, 365-366.

—— influence in Jenne, beneficial results of, an old chief on, 172-173.

Gao, capital of the Songhoi Empire, 94, 95, 98, 99, 108, 113, 124, 126, 127, 133, 143, 147.

Ghingaraber, cathedral mosque of, 234, 325, 326.

Grey, Major, his expedition, 331.

Guinea, the coin, named from ‘Jenne,’ 172.

Habais, the, 98.

Hacquard, Father, 369.

Hamdallai (El-Lamdou-Lillahi), 159.

Houdas, M., 315 n. 17.

Ibn Batouta, 96;

quoted, 268-270.

—— Chaldoun, quoted, 223.

—— Ferhoun, 309.

Imbert, Paul, sold as a slave, 321-322.

Inundations of the Niger and Bani rivers, 143-145.

Islamism, appearance of, in the Sudan, 96.

Irregenaten, 241.

Jenne, 39, 67, 80 et seq., 100, 102, 113, 140, 146;

its situation, 146-147;

description of the houses at, 150-153;

the grand mosque at, 154-156;

commerce at, 165-167;

boat-building at, 167-168;

cost of travel at, 168;

influence of, on the Western Sudan, 169-170;

the founder of Timbuctoo, 170;

contrasted with Timbuctoo, 170-172;

under the Toucouleurs, 172;

results of French occupation, 172-173;

the market at, 178-180;

crocodile worship at, 181-182;

my last day at, 185-188;

the mother of Timbuctoo, 234.

Jenneri, 51.

Josse, M., 329.

Jouffre, Colonel, 353, 366.

Kabara, Port of Timbuctoo, 197;

population of, 200, 239, 242, 328.

—— Pool of, 200, 205.

Kadi el Akib, 297.

Kaid-Ali, 38.

Karita, or butter-tree, 59-60.

Kati Mountains, 14.

Kissi country, 44, 48.

Khalif Abassid, 110, 116.

Kayes, the port of the Sudan, 2, 4, 70, 203.

Kingdom of the Sands, the, 196.

Koli-Koli river, 33, 34.

Kong chain, 48.

Koran, the, 276-277.

Korienza, port of, 191.

Koriouma-Djitafa, 201.

Kouakoru, village of, 80.

Kouakouru, 143, 144, 145.

Kounkour-Moussa, 235.

Koulikoro, 18, 50, 65.

Koumbourou, 153, 154.

Kounta-Mamadi, 323.

Kountas, Berber tribe, 137, 140, 141.

Kouroussa, 48.

Kunari, 51.

Laing, Major, 139, 325;

his house at Timbuctoo, 326-327;

his mission, 327;

his death, 328-329;

his papers, 329-330, 333.

Lakes of the Niger, 53, 54.

Lavigerie, Cardinal, 369.

Léon the African, 89, 268, 288.

Life in the bush, its charms, 7-9.

Litham, 228.

Louis XVI., 321.

Mademba, Fama, 72, 75-76.

Mahmoud, Pasha, 128;

conquest of Sudan by, 129, 305.

Mahommed Neddo, 282-283.

Moorish conquest of the Sudan, 122-130;

disintegration sets in, 130;

Songhois revolt, 131, 133.

Maksara, Touareg tribe, 231.

Marabuts, the, 278-280;

lives of, 280-283;

graves of, 283-284;

their erudition, 285;

their libraries, 287-288;

their students, 289-295;

in politics and literature, 282-320;

exile of, 305-306.

Markets opened since French occupation at Timbuctoo, 267.

Mali, the, 100, 101;

conquest of, by Askia, 112-113, 147.

Malinkas, 147, 235, 236.

Marie, Adrien, 15.

Marrakesh, 124, 127, 306.

Massina, 51.

Mopti, 33, 50.

Morocco the principal client of Timbuctoo, 252.

Mohammed ben Abou Bakr, 107;

quoted, 285, 286.

Mosque at Jenne, the grand, 154-156;

the story of its destruction, 158-160;

its ruins, 160;

its tombs, 160-163.

Mossi, the, pillage Timbuctoo, 100;

conquered by Askia, 111-112.

Mouley Abdallah, 123.

—— Mahommed el Kebir, 123.

—— Rhassoun, 317, 318.

Nata, or flour-tree, 60.

Negraic Africa, first railroad in, 1.

Nicab, 228.

Niger, the, 1, 2, 9, 14;

my first view of, 15-16, 18 et seq.;

rise and fall of, 32-34;

nights upon, 35-36;

the ‘Nile of the Sudan’ 42;

its source, 42-44;

course of, 50-55, 115, 143-145 et seq.

Nigerian countries, number of Europeans in, 58;

size and population of, 57.

Nyamina, 29, 50, 65.

Ospreys, white, on the Niger, 28.

Ouad Teli, wells of, 253.

Oualata, 96, 234, 235.

Oualiou, 283.

‘Our’ Oumaira,’ 206-207.

Our Lady of Timbuctoo, 369.

Paliko river, 44.

Park, Mungo, 8, 36, 322-325;

death of, 324.

Pasture on the Niger, 27.

Peddie and Campbell, Majors, their Expedition, 331.

Philippe, Captain, 193, 364.

Pirates of the Niger, 38.

Post-offices of the Sudan, 70.

Queen of the Sudan, the, 208, 241, 275, 371.

Raille, M., his narrative of events in Timbuctoo, 364-366.

Region of the three deltas of the Niger, 53.

Rice the staple food of the Songhois, 184.

Richardson’s Expedition to the Sudan, 337.

Roger, Baron, 332.

Roumas, the, 133, 238, 239, 240, 338.

Rufisk, town of, 1.

Sahara, the, and Niger, struggle between, 195.

St. Louis, 1;

School of Hostages at, 71.

Salt, the true gold of the Sudan, 123, 170.

Samba-Marcalla, 322, 323.

Samory, 57, 59, 140.

Sana, 51.

Sankoré, University of, 237-238, 275 et seq.

Sansanding, 29, 50, 65, 67, 71, 72, 165.

Sarafara, 27, 31, 165, 191, 195.

Segu, 14, 26, 29, 33, 50, 65, 67-70, 165, 322.

Senegal, the temperature of, 1.

—— river, 2, 9, 14.

Sidi Abdallah Chabir, 334.

—— Moktar el Kabir, 338, 339;

his successors, 339-340.

—— Yaia, life of, 281-282;

described, 286-287.

Siguiri, 14.

Sofara, battle at, between the forces of El Hadj Omar and Ahmadou Ahmadou, 138.

Songhois, the, their origin, 89-90;

first king of, 90;

their exodus, 93-95;

their language, 97;

their physical type, 97;

capital of, 98;

their race of kings, 99, 121;

their empire invaded by Moors, 121, 148, 150;

writings of, 181;

sweetness of disposition of, 183;

customs and habits of, 184-185;

kingdom, extent of, in 1496, 237;

character of, 300.

Sotouba, barrier of, 50, 61, 63.

Spitzer, M., 139.

Sudan, the, 5, 6, 41;

French conquest of, how organised, 58 n. 1;

story of French conquest, 140, 141, 352-371.

Sudanese, the, character of, 300;

Mohammedans and fetichists, 300;

outbursts of fanaticism among, 301.

Sunni Ali, 100, 101;

his conquests, 102;

his oppressions, 103-104;

‘liberties with the Faith,’ 104;

traits in his character, 107, 109, 147, 180, 236, 237, 304, 306, 316.

Sunni Barro, 108.

Taifa, the official brokers, 262-263.

Taliba, or student, 289-290;

his school routine, 290-294;

openings for the, 294-295.

Taoudenni, salt-blocks of, 253-255;

their value, 255;

salt caravans of, 256.

Taraïfa Koubra, 338.

Tarik é Sudan, quoted or referred to, 87, 90, 91, 93, 100, 120, 128, 134, 147, 153, 160, 185, 232, 280, 304, 310-315;

its style, 315;

the Hozier of the Sudan, 316, 320, 343.

Telegraph, the, in the Sudan, 70-71.

Tembi-Kuntu, 50.

Tembi river, 44, 45;

superstitions associated with, 45-47.

Tenguaragifs, 241, 357, 366.

Thegazza, salt-mines of, 123, 124, 252.

Tidiana, 140.

Timbuctoo, 14, 26, 32, 37, 39, 40 et seq., 100, 113, 124, 133, 140;

contrasted with Jenne, 170-172, 195, 200-211;

market of, 211-212;

buildings in, 213-216;

life among the ruins of, 216;

impressions of, 216-218;

my life in, 218-222;

decadence of, 240;

in possession of tyrants, 241-245;

disastrous results, 245-249;

commerce and life of, 250-274;

articles of commerce, 252;

the caravans and fleets of, 257;

hospitality of inhabitants to strangers, 259-260;

the shops and shopkeepers, 261-262;

the traders, 262-266;

statistics, 266-267;

the city of pleasure for Western Africa, 269;

manners and customs of the people, 270-274;

fashionable life in, 272-274;

a religious, scientific, and literary centre, 273-276;

in its days of greatness, 319-320;

the necessity for French occupation, 352-353;

the capture of, 353-355;

attitude of the population, 355-360;

the future of, 369-371.

Tomboutou (‘The mother with the large navel’), 232.

Touaregs, the, 5, 31, 115, 123, 129, 133, 134, 141, 143, 198, 199, 203, 206;

their industries, 227-228;

head-dress of, 228;

their nomadic habits, 229;

theft their natural industry, 229;

religious beliefs of, 231;

proverb concerning, 231, 231 et seq., 256, 284, 338, 341, 350, 351, 360, 362, 364, 365, 367.

Toucouleurs, the, 77, 78, 138, 140, 172, 173;

invasion by, 349.

Toulimandio, 29, 63.

Toundibi, battle between Moors and Songhois at, 126, 128.

Tribes of Western Africa, 89.

Turner, General Charles, 333.

‘Unique Pearl of his Time,’ the, 306.

Venus Anadiomenes, the, of the Niger, 25, 26.

Voyage from Jenne to Timbuctoo, my, 189-207.

White Fathers at Timbuctoo, the, 369.

Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to Her Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press