Comparative List of Maps of the New Hebrides, etc., 1570–1904.

With British Museum press-marks.

1.—1570. Antwerp. Typus Orbis Terrarum. In Abraham Ortelius’s Atlas.—The Terra Australis, with Beach provincia aurifera, extends right across the world, and from the Tropic of Capricorn to the S. Pole. New Guinea appears as an island. The Molucca Islands are shown. [Maps. 46. c. 2.]

2.—1578. Antwerp. Universi Orbis seu Terreni Globi in plano effigies. In G. de Jode’s “Speculum Orbis Terrarum,” 1578.—New Guinea forms one end of the Terra Australis, in which Terra del Fuego appears in the centre, and which stretches across the whole Circulus Antarcticus. [Maps. 31. c. 5.]

3.—1587. Antwerp. Typus Orbis Terrarum. In Abraham Ortelius’s Atlas. 1592 edition.—The Terra Australis. The Solomon Islands, discovered in 1568, appear with this name for the first time. [Maps. 46. d. 2.]

4.—1587. Duisburg. Orbis Terrae Compendiosa Descriptio. By Rumold Mercator. In G. Mercator’s Atlas, 1589.—The Terra Australis, but without the Solomon Islands. Java Minor appears to the S.E. of Beach province. [Maps. 34. c. 2.]

5.—1589. Antwerp. Totius Orbis cogniti universalis Descriptio. In C. de Jode’s “Speculum Orbis Terrarum.” 1593.—New Guinea an island. Otherwise as in 2. [Maps. 24. c. 7.]

6.—1590. Amsterdam. Orbis Terrarum Typus De Integro multis in locis emendatus. Auctore Petro. Plancio.—Terra Australis Magellanica, with Beach provincia aurifera, extends across the Antarctic Circle. “Nova Guinea nuper inventa quez an sit insula an pars continentis australis incertum est.” Insulae Salomonis alone of Quiros’ islands are shown. [920. (266.)]

7.—1612. Antwerp. In A. Ortelius’ Atlas, Latin edition. Same as No. 3. [Maps. 46. d. 12.]

8.—1628. London. A New & Accurate Mappe of the World. By R. Vaughan. (From “The World encompassed by Sir Francis Drake”).—“This South part of the world contayning almost the third part of the globe is yet unknowne, certaine sea coasts excepted, which rather show there is a land then discry eyther land people or comodities,” appears on “The Southerne Unknowne Land,” across the Antarctic Circle. New Guinee is shown. [920. (46.)]

9.—1630. Amsterdam. Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Geographica ac Hydrographica Tabula. By Henricus Hondius. In H. Hexham’s English edition of G. Mercator’s Atlas. 1636.—The Terra Australis, with the Beach province, is defined in very faint outline. The Ladrones appear, also Baixos de S. Barth, I. d. S. Petro, J. Vesinos, Barbudos, I. de Paxaros. The Solomon Islands are not given. [Maps. 34. d. 8.]

10.—1641. Amsterdam. Same as No. 9. In J. Jansson’s Atlas. 1653. [Maps. 88. e. 1.]

11.—1662. Amsterdam. Nova et accuratissima totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula. Joannes Blaeu.—The large Terra Australis has disappeared. Hollandia Nova is outlined, but N. Guinea is only partially outlined.

Zelandia Nova has a western coast-line only. Antonii Van Diemans Landt is partly outlined. The words Australia Incognita occur on the circle of the Southern Polar Region. [Maps. 64. e. 1.]

12.—1660. London. A New Map of the Terraqueous Globe according to the latest discoveries and most general divisions of it into continents and oceans. In Edw. Well’s “A New Sett of Maps.”—“New Zeland supposed to be part of ye Southern unknown Continent.” 35° S.

“New Holland esteemed to be part of ye Southern unknown continent,” mixed up with New Guinea, touching the Equator, and all only partly outlined.

The smaller islands are not named. [Maps. 87. d. 3.]

13.—1667. Paris. Mappe-Monde. In N. Sanson’s (d’Abbéville) Atlas.—New Guinea appears as an island. The Beach Province is only partially outlined. Terre Magellanique Australe Incogneue is outlined right across the Southern Hemisphere, as in No. 1. Nearly all the islands in the New Hebrides mentioned by Quiros are shown. [Maps. 88. d. 3.]

14.—1668. Paris. Carte Universelle de tout le Monde. Par H. Jaillot.—Terra Australis, showing Beach provincia aurifera, extends right across the Antarctic Circle. Petan Island and Java Minor are to the E. of Beach. Nova Guinea jam recens detecta ab I. Lamero, is partly shown in outline. [920. (61.)]

15.—1674. Rome. Mappa Mondo. By Gio. Lhuilier. In G. G. de Rossi’s Mercurio Geografico.—Terra di Quir, N. coast, is shown in outline, S. of Solomon Islands, 10° to 20° S. Nova Guinea appears as an island. Terra Magellanica embraces the Arctic Circle. Nova Olanda is shown, but without the E. coast. The smaller islands are not given. New Zealand appears in outline. [Maps. 64. d. 10.]

16.—1680.—Oxford. Orbis Terrarum nova et accuratissima Tabula. Auctore Joanne à Loon. In Moses Pitt’s “The English Atlas,” vol. i. 1680.—New Zealand, E. coast, shown in outline. The islands mainly as in No. 13. N. Guinea and Hollandia Nova are shown in outline on W. coast. Van Diemen’s Land shown in detail. The Terra Australis does not extend across the Antarctic Circle. [Maps. 85. e. 3.]

17.—1690. Amsterdam. Nova Orbis Tabula in Lucem edita a F. de Wit. In F. de Wit’s Atlas.—The small islands are as in No. 9. N. Guinea and Hollandia Nova join, and the western coast is outlined. Zelandia Nova is outlined also on the W. coast. Australia Incognita is printed round the circle of the S. Pole. [Maps. 86. d. 11.]

18.—1690. Amsterdam. Orbis Terrarum Nova et Accuratissima Tabula. Auctore Nicolao Visscher. In N. Visscher’s Atlas Minor. Tom. 1.—Same as No. 17. [Maps. 89. e. 3.]

19.—1696. Paris. Mappe-Monde. By N. Sanson. In H. Jaillot’s “Nouveau Atlas.”—As in 15. Carpentaria, N.W. coast, appears below Nouvelle Guinée, between 10° and 20° S. [Maps. 84. e. 1.]

20.—1700. Paris. Mappe monde. Par Guillaume Delisle. In G. De L’Isle’s Atlas. 1715.—Nouvelle Guinée and Nouvelle Hollande are joined, and are outlined on the W. coast, as in Nle. Zelande. Terre de Diemen is outlined on the S.E. coast.

The following routes, in dotted lines, are shown:—

Ferdinand Magellan, 1520.

Juan Gaetan, 1542.

Mendaña and Gallego, 1568.

Mendaña and Quiros, 1595.

An English Pilot, reported by Robert Dudley, c. 1600.

Olivier du Nord, 1600.

Le Maire and Cornelius Schouten, 1616.

Pelsart, 1629.

Abel Tasman, 1642.

William Dampier, 1686.

“Isle découverte par Drak” occurs in lat. 66° S., long. 75°, above the S. Polar region. Terre que la flote de Mendaña crut être la Nle. Guinée occurs in lat. 6° S., long. 188°. [Maps. 86 d. 1.]

21.—1705. Paris. Mappe-Monde. In N. de Fer’s “Atlas Curieux.”—N. Guinée and Nouvelle Hollande are connected, and shown on W. coast. Nouv. Zeelande, W. coast, appears in outline. The smaller islands are not shown. [Maps. 1. c. 46.]

22.—1710. London. A New and Correct Map of the World. By C. Price.—New Guinea and New Holland are not connected, but the E. coast is not shown. Diemen’s Land is given, due S. of N. Holland, between 39° and 45°. The smaller islands are as in No. 9. [Maps. 63. f. 2.]

23.—1720. Paris. Mappemonde. Par Guillaume De L’Isle.—In G. De L’Isle’s Atlas, 1732.—Mainly as in No. 20. Mendaña’s “New Guinea” appears as the Solomon Islands. “Les Marquises de Mendoce” are shown. [Maps. 91. e. 3.]

24.—1720. Amsterdam. Diversa Orbis Terræ ... in Planum Orthographica Projectio. By Peter Schenck. In J. B. Homann’s Atlas. 1740.—Hollandia Nova nearly complete. To E. of Carpentaria comes Quiro Regio, between 10° and 20° S. Most of Quiros’ smaller islands are shown. Zelandia Nova, and Antoni van Diemen’s Land are partly shown. Baye S. Philippe and St. Jacques occur both in Quiro Regio and in Zelandia Nova. The continent of Terra Australis, across the S. Pole, now disappears. [Maps 87. e. 12.]

25.—1730. Augsburg. Diversi Globi Terr-Aquei ... in planum delineati Orthographici Prospectus. In M. Seutter’s Atlas Novus.—Same as No. 15, with various route tracks added. Regio habitata detecta per Mendaña, occurs between 10° and 20° N. Terra quam vidit Mendaña occurs on the Equator, 260° Long. Baye de S. Philippe et S. Jaques occurs in Zeelandia Nova, 40° S. The smaller islands are shown. [Maps. 89. e. 4.]

26.—1740. Amsterdam. Hémisphère Meridional. Par G. Delisle.—Terres Australes, Nouvelle Hollande, W. coast shown in outline. Terre Australe du St. Esprit (R. Jordan, Port de la Vraie Croix, R. S. Sauveur, G. de S. Jaque et S. Philippe), shown in outline, E. of Carpentarie. Routes of Quiros and Gallego, Le Maire and Schouten, etc., shown. Cape de la Circoncision, Jan. 1, 1739, between 50° and 68° S. [960. (1.)]

27.—1752. London. A New and Accurate Map of all the Known World.—In Emman. Bowen’s “Complete Atlas.”—New Guinea, New Holland, and Van Diemen’s Land are shown as one continent, New Zeeland, W. coast, in outline. “Land and Is. discovered by Quiros,” between 10° and 20° S. but not named. [Maps. 89. d. 2.]

28.—1752. Paris. Mappemonde.—In Robert de Vaugondy’s Atlas Universel. 1757.—Terres et isles vues par Quiros en 1605, shown without names. New Guinea continent as in No. 27. Terre découverte par les Vaisseaux de la Compagnie des Indes en Janvier 1739, shown between 50° and 60° S. 30° Long. [Maps. 69. e. 1.]

29.—1753. Paris. Nouvelle Mappe-Monde. Par Guill. De la Haye.—T. du St. Esprit, is shown, 160° Long. [920. (83).]

30.—1755. Paris. Mappemonde.—In J. Palairet’s “Atlas Méthodique.”—Same as No. 28. [Maps 68. e. 2.]

31.—1761. Paris. Hémisphère Occidental ou du Nouveau Monde. Hémisphère Oriental ou de l’Ancien Monde. Par le Sr. D’Anville.—Nouvelle Guinea and Nouvelle Hollande are one. The E. coast is not defined. Terre du St. Esprit, Terre de Quiros, appear due E. of Nouvelle Hollande, between 10° and 20° S. Nouvelle Zeelande and Terre de Diemen are partly outlined. [920. (272.)]

32.—1773. London. Map of the World, after D’Anville. By T. Kitchen.—Tierra del Spiritu Santo, Land of Quiros, is shown. New Zealand, with two islands, appears in detail; New Holland, with New South Wales, and Van Diemen’s Land, also appears with a complete coast-line, for the first time. [Maps. 86. d. 5.]

33.—1776. London. Chart of Discoveries made in the South Pacific Ocean in H.M. ship Resolution, under ... Captain Cook. 1774. By W. Palmer.—Tierra del Espiritu Santo, and the rest of the New Hebrides, are shown in very complete detail. [981. (4.)]

34.—1786. Paris. Hémisphère Occidentale, etc. (see No. 31. 1761.) Revu par M. Barbié du Bocage.—Terre de Kerguelen appears 50° S. The map is an improvement on 1773, but Nouvelle Guinée is not shown complete, and Terre de Diemen is still part of Australia. [Maps. 86. d. 2.]

35.—1790. London. New World or Western Hemisphere.—Eastern Hemisphere or Old World. In W. Faden’s General Atlas.—Shows Cook’s Track, 1769–78. Furneaux’s Track, 1774. Van Diemen’s Land is part of Terra Australis. The smaller islands are clear and more correct. [Maps. 2. e. 1.]

36.—1798. London. Chart of the Pacific Ocean. By A. Arrowsmith.—New Holland (S. coast excepted) in outline. Van Diemen’s Land shown as an island. New Guinea only partly shown, and in outline. [980. (10.)]

37.—1799. London. Map of the World, after d’Anville, by T. Kitchen.—Tierra del Spiritu Santo now appears as part of the New Hebrides. Otherwise as in No. 32. 1773. [Maps. 89. e. 6.]

38.—1799. London. Chart containing the greater part of the South Sea, etc. By Laurie and Whittle.—New Zeeland, in two islands. Tierra (Austral) del Spiritu Santo, in New Hebrides. Route of Mendaña in 1567 shown. Below the Society Islands, “Islands seen by Quiros.” Between 25° and 30° S. “Santelmo the southernmost island of Quiros according to Ulloa.” [981. (2.)]

39.—1799. London. Western (Eastern) Hemisphere. In “Cary’s New Universal Atlas,” 1808.—New Holland, with New South Wales, is shown complete, except Northernmost point. New Guinea is not complete, and in outline. The islands are as in Laurie and Whittle. [Maps. 92. f. 17.]

40.—1824. St. Pétersbourg. Carte Générale de l’Océan Pacifique. Hémisphère Austral. In Krusenstern’s “Atlas de l’Océan Pacifique.”—Australia appears so-called for the first time. The islands, Nlles. Hebrides, etc., are shown with the dates of discovery. [Maps. 7. e. 11.]

41.—1827. Bruxelles. Carte d’Assemblage de l’Océanie. In “Ph. Vandermaelen’s Atlas Universel.”—Nouvelle Hollande and N. Guinée are shown in complete outline. New Zealand in three islands. The smaller islands are now as before. [Maps. 68. e. 1.]

42.—1827. Gotha. Australien. No. 50 in Ad. Stieler’s “Hand-Atlas.”—Neu Holland and Neu Süd Wales appear as parts of “Austral-Land.” Neue Hebriden and the other groups of islands are shown. [Maps. 85. d. 10.]

43.—1835. London. The World, on Mercator’s Projection. In J. Arrowsmith’s London Atlas.—“New Holland or Australia,” without any inland towns. First use of the name of Australia for New Holland in a general Atlas. New South Wales still extends to the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, and the other islands are now completely shown. New Zealand, without inland towns, in three islands. Terra Australis or Australia occurs in the Atlas to Capt. Matthew Flinders’s “Voyage to Terra Australis, 1801–1803.” 2 vols. London, 1814 [455. c. 13, 14. and Tab. 437. a.] In vol. i. pp. vii–x, he mentions Torres’s discovery of Australia. In J. Arrowsmith’s Map of the Pacific Ocean, 1832, the dates of discovery are given to most of the islands. [Maps. 86. d. 7.]

44.—1866. London. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, and Loyalty Islands. Admiralty Chart.—This is the best modern map of Quiros’s islands. The Atlases between 1836 and 1865 do not show much change or much detail. [Sec. xv. (1380.)]

45.—1886. New Hebrides Islands. Banks Group. Surveyed by H.M.S. Dart. Admiralty Chart.—Gaua (Santa Maria) and the other islands are shown on a large scale. [Sec. xv. (174.)]

46.—1892. London. New Hebrides Islands. Malo Island to Efate Island. Admiralty Chart.—This is on a much larger scale, and gives the islands in full detail, surveyed by H.M.S. Dart, 1890–91. [Sec. xv. (1570.)]

47.—1896. London. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, and Loyalty Islands. Admiralty Chart.—This is a new edition of No. 44. The islands are shown in much more exact detail, and with more information.

48.—1904. London. British New Guinea and the Solomon, Santa Cruz, and New Hebrides Islands. In Edward Stanford’s London Atlas. 3rd edition. 1904.—This is a very excellent and clear map; scale, 1:4,089,064. 64.537 English miles to 1 inch.